Balkan Pact: Difference between revisions

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The '''Balkan Pact''', or '''Balkan Entente''', was a [[treaty]] signed by [[Second Hellenic Republic|Greece]], [[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]], [[Turkey]] and [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] on 9 February 1934<ref name="pact">[http://www.rastko.org.rs/istorija/diplomatija/pbs_e.html Pact of Balkan Agreement Between Yugoslavia, Greece, Romania and Turkey] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222053540/http://www.rastko.org.rs/istorija/diplomatija/pbs_e.html |date=2014-02-22}}</ref> in [[Athens]],<ref>Army History Directorate, ''An Abridged History of the Greek-Italian and Greek-German War, 1940–1941: Land Operations'', Hellenic Army General Staff, Army History Directorate, 1997, [https://books.google.com/books?id=1OhmAAAAMAAJ&q=%22finally+signed+in+Athens+between+Greece,+Yugoslavia,+Turkey+and+Romania+on+February+9th,+1934%22 p. 2.]</ref> aimed at maintaining the geopolitical status quo in the region after the end of [[World War I]]. To present a united front against [[Kingdom of Bulgaria|Bulgarian]] designs on their territories, the signatories agreed to suspend all disputed [[territorial claim]]s against one another and their immediate neighbours following the aftermath of the war and a rise in various regional [[Irredentism|irredentist]] tensions.
The '''Balkan Pact''', or '''Balkan Entente''', was a [[treaty]] signed by [[Second Hellenic Republic|Greece]], [[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]], [[Turkey]] and [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] on 9 February 1934<ref name="pact">[http://www.rastko.org.rs/istorija/diplomatija/pbs_e.html Pact of Balkan Agreement Between Yugoslavia, Greece, Romania and Turkey] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222053540/http://www.rastko.org.rs/istorija/diplomatija/pbs_e.html |date=2014-02-22}}</ref> in [[Athens]],<ref>Army History Directorate, ''An Abridged History of the Greek-Italian and Greek-German War, 1940–1941: Land Operations'', Hellenic Army General Staff, Army History Directorate, 1997, [https://books.google.com/books?id=1OhmAAAAMAAJ&q=%22finally+signed+in+Athens+between+Greece,+Yugoslavia,+Turkey+and+Romania+on+February+9th,+1934%22 p. 2.]</ref> aimed at maintaining the geopolitical [[status quo]] in the region after the end of [[World War I]]. To present a united front against [[Kingdom of Bulgaria|Bulgarian]] designs on their territories, the signatories agreed to suspend all disputed [[territorial claim]]s against one another and their immediate neighbours following the aftermath of the war and a rise in various regional [[Irredentism|irredentist]] tensions.
 
==Nations which refused to sign the treaty==
Other nations in the region that had been involved in related diplomacy refused to sign the document, including [[Fascist Italy (1922–1943)|Italy]], [[Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)|Albania]], [[Kingdom of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]], [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|Hungary]] and the [[Soviet Union]]. The pact became effective on the day that it was signed and was registered in the [[League of Nations]] [[Treaty Series]] on 1 October 1934.<ref>[http://www.worldlii.org/int/other/treaties/LNTSer/1934/204.html ''League of Nations Treaty Series'', vol. 153, pp. 154-159.]</ref>
Other nations in the region that had been involved in related diplomacy refused to sign the document, including [[Fascist Italy (1922–1943)|Italy]], [[Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)|Albania]], [[Kingdom of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]], [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|Hungary]] and the [[Soviet Union]]. The pact became effective on the day that it was signed and was registered in the [[League of Nations]] [[Treaty Series]] on 1 October 1934.<ref>[http://www.worldlii.org/int/other/treaties/LNTSer/1934/204.html ''League of Nations Treaty Series'', vol. 153, pp. 154-159.]</ref>
==Effects and decision to allow Bulgaria to rearm==


The Balkan Pact helped to ensure peace between the signatory nations but failed to end regional intrigues. Although the pact was designed against Bulgaria, on 31 July 1938, its members signed the [[Salonika Agreement]] with Bulgaria, which repealed the clauses of the [[Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine]] and [[Treaty of Lausanne]] that had mandated demilitarised zones at Bulgaria's borders with Greece and Turkey, which allowed Bulgaria to rearm.
The Balkan Pact helped to ensure peace between the signatory nations but failed to end regional intrigues. Although the pact was designed against Bulgaria, on 31 July 1938, its members signed the [[Salonika Agreement]] with Bulgaria, which repealed the clauses of the [[Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine]] and [[Treaty of Lausanne]] that had mandated demilitarised zones at Bulgaria's borders with Greece and Turkey, which allowed Bulgaria to rearm.
==Collapse with the invasion of Yugoslavia and the occupation of Greece==


With the 1940 [[Treaty of Craiova]] signed by Romania under Nazi Germany's pressure, and after the 1941 [[Axis invasion of Yugoslavia|Axis invasions of Yugoslavia]] and [[Axis occupation of Greece|Greece]], the pact effectively ceased to exist and Turkey remained as its only signatory that had avoided any conflict during WWII, even after joining the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]] in 1945.
With the 1940 [[Treaty of Craiova]] signed by Romania under Nazi Germany's pressure, and after the 1941 [[Axis invasion of Yugoslavia|Axis invasions of Yugoslavia]] and [[Axis occupation of Greece|Greece]], the pact effectively ceased to exist and Turkey remained as its only signatory that had avoided any conflict during WWII, even after joining the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]] in 1945.
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[[Category:History of Greece (1924–1941)]]
[[Category:History of the Republic of Turkey]]
[[Category:History of the Republic of Turkey]]
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Latest revision as of 22:55, 29 June 2025

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Template:Events leading to World War II

The Balkan Pact, or Balkan Entente, was a treaty signed by Greece, Romania, Turkey and Yugoslavia on 9 February 1934[1] in Athens,[2] aimed at maintaining the geopolitical status quo in the region after the end of World War I. To present a united front against Bulgarian designs on their territories, the signatories agreed to suspend all disputed territorial claims against one another and their immediate neighbours following the aftermath of the war and a rise in various regional irredentist tensions.

Nations which refused to sign the treaty

Other nations in the region that had been involved in related diplomacy refused to sign the document, including Italy, Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary and the Soviet Union. The pact became effective on the day that it was signed and was registered in the League of Nations Treaty Series on 1 October 1934.[3]

Effects and decision to allow Bulgaria to rearm

The Balkan Pact helped to ensure peace between the signatory nations but failed to end regional intrigues. Although the pact was designed against Bulgaria, on 31 July 1938, its members signed the Salonika Agreement with Bulgaria, which repealed the clauses of the Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine and Treaty of Lausanne that had mandated demilitarised zones at Bulgaria's borders with Greece and Turkey, which allowed Bulgaria to rearm.

Collapse with the invasion of Yugoslavia and the occupation of Greece

With the 1940 Treaty of Craiova signed by Romania under Nazi Germany's pressure, and after the 1941 Axis invasions of Yugoslavia and Greece, the pact effectively ceased to exist and Turkey remained as its only signatory that had avoided any conflict during WWII, even after joining the Allies in 1945.

See also

References

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  1. ↑ Pact of Balkan Agreement Between Yugoslavia, Greece, Romania and Turkey Template:Webarchive
  2. ↑ Army History Directorate, An Abridged History of the Greek-Italian and Greek-German War, 1940–1941: Land Operations, Hellenic Army General Staff, Army History Directorate, 1997, p. 2.
  3. ↑ League of Nations Treaty Series, vol. 153, pp. 154-159.

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External links

Template:Treaties of Turkey Template:Foreign relations of Yugoslavia

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