MILAN: Difference between revisions
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| type = [[Anti-tank missile]] | | type = [[Anti-tank missile]] | ||
| origin = France, [[West Germany]] | | origin = France, [[West Germany]] | ||
| wars = [[South African Border War]] | | wars = {{bulleted list | ||
<!-- | era = Cold War, modern PARAMETER UNSUPPORTED -->| launch_platform = Individual, vehicle | | [[South African Border War]] | ||
<!-- | target = Vehicle, fortification PARAMETER UNSUPPORTED -->| manufacturer = [[MBDA]]<br />''Also produced under license by:''<br />[[Bharat Dynamics]] (India)<br />[[BAe Dynamics]] (United Kingdom) | | [[Chadian-Libyan conflict]] | ||
| [[Toyota War]] | |||
| [[Western Sahara War]]<ref name='Le Monde efforts'>{{cite news|first=Roland |last=Delcour|title=À Ras-el-Khanfra, les efforts du Polisario pour rompre le mur de sécurité entourant le "Sahara utile" ont échoué|date=19 January 1982|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1982/01/19/a-ras-el-khanfra-les-efforts-du-polisario-pour-rompre-le-mur-de-securite-entourant-le-sahara-utile-ont-echoue_3108017_1819218.html|language=fr|newspaper=[[Le Monde]]}}</ref> | |||
| [[Lebanese Civil War]] | |||
| [[Iran–Iraq War]] | |||
| [[Falklands War]] | |||
| [[Gulf War]] | |||
| [[2003 invasion of Iraq]] | |||
| [[Iraq War]] | |||
| [[Opération Licorne]]<ref>{{cite news|language=fr|title=Soldats tués à Bouaké : la France a laissé faire|work=[[Libération]]|date=3 July 2006|first=Thomas|last=Hofnung|url=http://www.liberation.fr/evenement/2006/07/03/soldats-tues-a-bouake-la-france-a-laisse-faire_44887|access-date=4 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905024506/http://www.liberation.fr/evenement/2006/07/03/soldats-tues-a-bouake-la-france-a-laisse-faire_44887|archive-date=5 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
| [[Libyan Civil War (2011)|Libyan Civil War]] | |||
| [[Northern Mali Conflict]]<ref name="Serval">{{cite magazine|title=Infantry units fires during OP Serval|first=Thibault|last=Capdeville|pages=55–58|url=http://www.emd.terre.defense.gouv.fr/img/emd/fantassin/2014_n32_fantassins.pdf|magazine=Fantassins|issue=32|date=Spring 2014|access-date=12 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215222826/http://www.emd.terre.defense.gouv.fr/img/emd/fantassin/2014_n32_fantassins.pdf|archive-date=15 December 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> | |||
| [[Operation Sangaris]]<ref name="RFI">{{cite news|language=fr|url=http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20140506-rca-violent-accrochage-entre-sangaris-rebelles-boguila/|title=RCA: violent accrochage entre Sangaris et des rebelles à Boguila|work=[[Radio France Internationale]]|access-date=3 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904052513/http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20140506-rca-violent-accrochage-entre-sangaris-rebelles-boguila/|archive-date=4 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
| [[War in Iraq (2013–2017)]] | |||
| [[Syrian Civil War]] | |||
| [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]] | |||
}} | |||
<!-- | era = Cold War, modern PARAMETER UNSUPPORTED --> | |||
| launch_platform = Individual, vehicle | |||
<!-- | target = Vehicle, fortification PARAMETER UNSUPPORTED --> | |||
| manufacturer = [[MBDA]]<br />''Also produced under license by:''<br />[[Bharat Dynamics]] (India)<br />[[BAe Dynamics]] (United Kingdom) | |||
| design_date = 1970s | | design_date = 1970s | ||
| production_date = 1971 | | production_date = 1971 | ||
| Line 64: | Line 84: | ||
* '''MILAN ER''': Extended range (3,000 m) and improved penetration | * '''MILAN ER''': Extended range (3,000 m) and improved penetration | ||
The later MILAN models have [[tandem-charge]] HEAT warheads. This was done to keep pace with developments in Soviet armour technology: their tanks began to appear with [[explosive reactive armour]] (ERA), which could defeat earlier [[anti-tank guided missile]]s (ATGMs). The smaller precursor HEAT warhead penetrates and detonates the ERA tiles, exposing the way for the main HEAT warhead to penetrate the armour behind. Early missile versions used a simple flare to show the launch post their position left–right and above–below the crosshair, which then led to steering commands (SACLOS guidance). This was exploited with IR jammers such as Soviet Shtora that created a strong signal that was always on target, and thus led to wrong steering commands. The later electronic IR beacon used a coded signal sequence (switching between emitting and not emitting) that enabled the launch post to discern the missile's beacon from the jammer | The later MILAN models have [[tandem-charge]] HEAT warheads. This was done to keep pace with developments in Soviet armour technology: their tanks began to appear with [[explosive reactive armour]] (ERA), which could defeat earlier [[anti-tank guided missile]]s (ATGMs). The smaller precursor HEAT warhead penetrates and detonates the ERA tiles, exposing the way for the main HEAT warhead to penetrate the armour behind. Early missile versions used a simple flare to show the launch post their position left–right and above–below the crosshair, which then led to steering commands (SACLOS guidance). This was exploited with IR jammers such as Soviet Shtora that created a strong signal that was always on target, and thus led to wrong steering commands.{{citation needed|date=November 2025}} The later electronic IR beacon used a coded signal sequence (switching between emitting and not emitting) that enabled the launch post to discern the missile's beacon from the jammer. | ||
==Combat use== | ==Combat use== | ||
===Afghanistan=== | ===Afghanistan=== | ||
MILAN missile systems were among the numerous weapons sent to the [[Mujahideen]] in Afghanistan in the 1980s by the United States to combat Soviet troops.<ref name="Pirseyedi2000">{{cite book|author=Bobi Pirseyedi|title=The Small Arms Problem in Central Asia: Features and Implications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LtZqsUyjD6IC&pg=PA17|year=2000|publisher=United Nations Publications UNIDIR|isbn=978-92-9045-134-1|pages=17–}}</ref> The MILAN had a devastating effect on Soviet armor, having a similar effect on tanks and armored personnel carriers as [[FIM-92 Stinger|Stinger missiles]] | MILAN missile systems were among the numerous weapons sent to the [[Mujahideen]] in Afghanistan in the 1980s by the United States to combat Soviet troops.<ref name="Pirseyedi2000">{{cite book|author=Bobi Pirseyedi|title=The Small Arms Problem in Central Asia: Features and Implications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LtZqsUyjD6IC&pg=PA17|year=2000|publisher=United Nations Publications UNIDIR|isbn=978-92-9045-134-1|pages=17–}}</ref> The MILAN had a devastating effect on Soviet armor, having a similar effect on tanks and armored personnel carriers as [[FIM-92 Stinger|Stinger missiles]] had on Soviet helicopters.<ref name="DevineLoeb2014">{{cite book|author1=Jack Devine|author2=Vernon Loeb|title=Good Hunting: An American Spymaster's Story|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a3Z_AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA103|date=3 June 2014|publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux|isbn=978-0-374-13032-9|pages=103–}}</ref> In 2010, French troops killed four Afghan civilians in [[Kapisa Province]] using a MILAN system during a firefight.<ref name="France 24 2010">{{cite web |title=French army claims responsibility for four civilian deaths in Afghanistan |publisher=France 24 |date=29 April 2010 |url=http://www.france24.com/en/20100429-afghanistan-french-army-admits-accidentally-killed-four-afghan-civilians |access-date=10 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310140025/http://www.france24.com/en/20100429-afghanistan-french-army-admits-accidentally-killed-four-afghan-civilians |archive-date=10 March 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
===Chadian–Libyan conflict=== | ===Chadian–Libyan conflict=== | ||
| Line 121: | Line 139: | ||
*{{BIH}} - [[Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]:<ref name="Military Balance 2020"/> 90 | *{{BIH}} - [[Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]:<ref name="Military Balance 2020"/> 90 | ||
*{{BOT}} - [[Botswana Defence Force]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=29364:botswana&catid=119:african-militaries&Itemid=255|title=Botswana - defenceWeb|last=Martin|first=Guy|date=7 February 2013|website=Defenceweb.co.za|access-date=21 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721221806/http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=29364:botswana&catid=119:african-militaries&Itemid=255|archive-date=21 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> | *{{BOT}} - [[Botswana Defence Force]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=29364:botswana&catid=119:african-militaries&Itemid=255|title=Botswana - defenceWeb|last=Martin|first=Guy|date=7 February 2013|website=Defenceweb.co.za|access-date=21 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721221806/http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=29364:botswana&catid=119:african-militaries&Itemid=255|archive-date=21 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
* {{flag|Burundi}} - [[National Defence Force (Burundi)|Burundi Army]] (reported):<ref name="Military Balance 2020"/> 465 | * {{flag|Burundi}} - [[National Defence Force (Burundi)|Burundi Army]] (reported):<ref name="Military Balance 2020"/> 465 | ||
* {{flag|Cameroon}} - [[Cameroon Armed Forces|Cameroon Army]]:<ref name="Military Balance 2020"/> 466 | * {{flag|Cameroon}} - [[Cameroon Armed Forces|Cameroon Army]]:<ref name="Military Balance 2020"/> 466 | ||
| Line 167: | Line 184: | ||
* {{flag|Australia}} – [[Australian Army]]: Was used by infantry and mounted on vehicles. The Australian Army withdrew the MILAN from service in the early 1990s. The ADF now fields the [[FGM-148 Javelin]] system. | * {{flag|Australia}} – [[Australian Army]]: Was used by infantry and mounted on vehicles. The Australian Army withdrew the MILAN from service in the early 1990s. The ADF now fields the [[FGM-148 Javelin]] system. | ||
* {{flag|Belgium}} – [[Belgian Army]]: Infantry weapon; replaced by [[Spike (missile)|Spike-LR]] in 2014<ref>[http://www.armyrecognition.com/january_2013_army_military_defense_industry_news/belgium_selects_the_spike_missile_of_eurospike_to_replace_its_anti-tank_missiles_milan_0301131.html Belgium selects Spike missile to replace Milan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629110611/http://www.armyrecognition.com/january_2013_army_military_defense_industry_news/belgium_selects_the_spike_missile_of_eurospike_to_replace_its_anti-tank_missiles_milan_0301131.html |date=29 June 2017}} – Armyrecognition.com, 3 January 2013</ref> | * {{flag|Belgium}} – [[Belgian Army]]: Infantry weapon; replaced by [[Spike (missile)|Spike-LR]] in 2014<ref>[http://www.armyrecognition.com/january_2013_army_military_defense_industry_news/belgium_selects_the_spike_missile_of_eurospike_to_replace_its_anti-tank_missiles_milan_0301131.html Belgium selects Spike missile to replace Milan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629110611/http://www.armyrecognition.com/january_2013_army_military_defense_industry_news/belgium_selects_the_spike_missile_of_eurospike_to_replace_its_anti-tank_missiles_milan_0301131.html |date=29 June 2017}} – Armyrecognition.com, 3 January 2013</ref> | ||
* {{flag|Brazil}} – [[Brazilian Army]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bastos Jr.|first=Paulo Roberto|date=2024-06-26|title=Exército Brasileiro aposta em mísseis para aumentar sua capacidade anticarro|url=https://tecnodefesa.com.br/exercito-brasileiro-aposta-em-misseis-para-aumentar-sua-capacidade-anticarro/|website=Revista Tecnologia & Defesa|access-date=2024-08-21}}</ref> | |||
* {{EST}} – [[Estonian Defence Forces]]<ref>[https://www.kaitseinvesteeringud.ee/en/the-estonian-defence-forces-and-the-estonian-defence-league-will-improve-their-antitank-armament/ The Estonian Defence Forces and the Estonian Defence League will improve their antitank armament]. ''Centre for Defence Investments''. Retrieved 4 October 2023.</ref> | * {{EST}} – [[Estonian Defence Forces]]<ref>[https://www.kaitseinvesteeringud.ee/en/the-estonian-defence-forces-and-the-estonian-defence-league-will-improve-their-antitank-armament/ The Estonian Defence Forces and the Estonian Defence League will improve their antitank armament]. ''Centre for Defence Investments''. Retrieved 4 October 2023.</ref> | ||
* {{IRL}} – [[Irish Army]]: Infantry weapon; replaced by the [[FGM-148 Javelin]]. | * {{IRL}} – [[Irish Army]]: Infantry weapon; replaced by the [[FGM-148 Javelin]]. | ||
Latest revision as of 22:09, 9 November 2025
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "about". Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
MILAN (French for Missile d'Infanterie Léger Antichar, "Lightweight Infantry Anti-tank Missile"; German for kite raptor or Milvus) is a Franco-West German anti-tank guided missile system. Design of the MILAN began in 1962; it was ready for trials in 1971, and accepted for service in 1972. It is a wire-guided semi-automatic command to line of sight (SACLOS) missile, which means the sight of the launch unit must be aimed at a target to guide the missile. The MILAN can be equipped with a MIRA or MILIS thermal sight to give it night-firing ability.
"Milan" is also a common name in French and German to designate a kite bird, thus falling in line with the Federal Defence naming convention to often use animal names as designators for high-value weapon systems.
Background
MILAN is a product of Euromissile, a Franco-West German missile development program dating back to the 1960s. The system entered service in 1972 as a second generation anti-tank weapon and soon became a standard anti-tank weapon throughout NATO, in use by most of the alliance's individual armies.[1]
Consisting of two main components, the launcher and the missile, the MILAN system uses a semi-automatic command to line of sight (SACLOS) command guidance system. It tracks the missile either by a tail-mounted infrared lamp or an electronic-flash lamp, depending on the model. Because it is guided by wire by an operator, the missile cannot be affected by radio jamming or flares. However, drawbacks include short range, exposure of the operator, and problems with overland powerlines.
The MILAN 2 variant, which entered service with the French, German and British armies in 1984, uses an improved 115 mm high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) shaped charge warhead. The MILAN 3 entered service with the French army in 1995 and features a new-generation localizer that makes the system more difficult to jam electronically.[2]
Variants
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- MILAN 1: Single, main shaped charge warhead (1972), calibre 103 mm
- MILAN 2: Single, main shaped charge warhead, with standoff probe to increase penetration (1984) – see photo to right, calibre 115 mm
- MILAN 2T: Tandem shaped charge warheads to defeat reactive armour (1993)
- MILAN 3: Tandem, shaped charge warheads (1996) and electronic beacon to defeat Shtora jammer
- MILAN ER: Extended range (3,000 m) and improved penetration
The later MILAN models have tandem-charge HEAT warheads. This was done to keep pace with developments in Soviet armour technology: their tanks began to appear with explosive reactive armour (ERA), which could defeat earlier anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs). The smaller precursor HEAT warhead penetrates and detonates the ERA tiles, exposing the way for the main HEAT warhead to penetrate the armour behind. Early missile versions used a simple flare to show the launch post their position left–right and above–below the crosshair, which then led to steering commands (SACLOS guidance). This was exploited with IR jammers such as Soviet Shtora that created a strong signal that was always on target, and thus led to wrong steering commands.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". The later electronic IR beacon used a coded signal sequence (switching between emitting and not emitting) that enabled the launch post to discern the missile's beacon from the jammer.
Combat use
Afghanistan
MILAN missile systems were among the numerous weapons sent to the Mujahideen in Afghanistan in the 1980s by the United States to combat Soviet troops.[3] The MILAN had a devastating effect on Soviet armor, having a similar effect on tanks and armored personnel carriers as Stinger missiles had on Soviet helicopters.[4] In 2010, French troops killed four Afghan civilians in Kapisa Province using a MILAN system during a firefight.[5]
Chadian–Libyan conflict
MILAN missiles provided by the French government saw common usage during the war between Chad and Libya where they were used by Chadian forces. Often mounted on Toyota pickup trucks, the missiles successfully engaged Libyan armour in the Aouzou Strip including T-55 tanks.[6]
Falklands War
In 1982, the ruling military junta in Argentina launched the invasion of the UK overseas territory of the Falkland Islands, leading to the Falklands War. British forces used MILAN, along with the M72 LAW and Carl Gustaf, in a 'bunker buster' role. The MILAN saw use in the battles for Goose Green, Mount Longdon, Two Sisters and Wireless Ridge.[7]
Gulf War
MILAN was used by both coalition and Iraqi forces during the Persian Gulf War, with a MILAN launcher operated by French forces claiming to have destroyed seven T-55 tanks.[8] Iraqi operated MILAN missiles were supplied by the French government during the 1980s and were used by Iraqi forces during both Gulf Wars.
Iraq
In 2015, Germany supplied the Peshmerga with 30 MILAN launchers and over 500 missiles.[9][10]
Syria
Syria ordered about 200 launchers and 4,000 missiles in 1977 which were delivered in 1978-1979 and used by the Syrians during the Lebanese Civil War. The Syrian army used Milan missiles against Israeli tanks in Lebanon in 1982.[11] The missiles were in service during the Syrian Civil War, fielded by the Republican Guard.[12] Syrian rebels captured some in depots, as did ISIL. The Kurdish YPG also used Milans supplied by the international coalition.[11]
South Africa
The first Milan version was delivered to the Special Forces and the antitank platoons in the late 1970s and 1980s at a scale of six launchers per platoon. Each platoon was organised into three antitank sections, with two ATGM launchers and two M40A1 106 mm recoilless guns or two rocket launchers.
Six SADF MILAN teams were deployed by the Special Forces in support of the Angolan UNITA guerrillas, in the Cazombo Salient in 1985 during Operation Wallpaper.
Russian invasion of Ukraine
France has sent MILAN missiles to Ukraine during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[13]
Operators
Current
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" /> Former
Non state operators are not shownCurrent operators
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- Template:Flagcountry – Afghan National Army:[14] 271
- File:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria – Algerian People's National Army:[14] 340
- File:Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain - Royal Bahraini Army: mounted on 5 AIFV-B-Milan vehicles:[14] 343
- Script error: No such module "flag". - Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina:[14] 90
- Script error: No such module "flag". - Botswana Defence Force[15]
- File:Flag of Burundi.svg Burundi - Burundi Army (reported):[14] 465
- File:Flag of Cameroon.svg Cameroon - Cameroon Army:[14] 466
- Script error: No such module "flag". – Chadian Ground Forces:[14] 469 mounted on light vehicles[16][17]
- Script error: No such module "flag". – Cypriot National Guard:[14] 95
- Script error: No such module "flag". – Egyptian Army:[14] 345
- Script error: No such module "flag". – French Army: Infantry and vehicle-mounted weapon.:[14] 105 Will be replaced by Missile Moyenne Portée (MMP) from 2017.[18]
- Script error: No such module "flag". - Gabon Army:[14] 478
- Script error: No such module "flag". – Bundeswehr:[14] 109
- Script error: No such module "flag". – Hellenic Army:[14] 112
- Script error: No such module "flag". – Indian Army:[14] 34,100 MILAN-2T bought. License produced by Bharat Dynamics in India.[19]
- File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia - Indonesian Army:[14] 276
- Script error: No such module "flag". – Iraqi Army
- File:Flag of Kurdistan.svg Kurdistan – Peshmerga: 30 launchers and 500 missiles, delivery in two portions was announced on 31 August 2014 by German Bundeswehr. These are 1980s Milan 2 replaced by later models but still in storage.[20][21] Used by the Kurds to stop ISIL vehicle-borne improvised explosive devices (VBIEDs).[22]
- Script error: No such module "flag". – Italian Army Total of 714 launchers with 17,163 missile delivered in 1990. 807 MILAN 2T ordered in 2004 and delivered in 2005 (SIPRI).[23]
- File:Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan - mounted on 45 AIFV-B-Milan vehicles:[14] 358
- Script error: No such module "flag". – Kenyan Army:[14] 483
- Script error: No such module "flag". – Lebanese Army:[14] 362
- Script error: No such module "flag". – Libyan National Army: 1,000 MILAN-3 exported between 2008 and 2011,[24] 400 systems in 2011.
- Script error: No such module "flag". – Army of the Republic of Macedonia:[14] 126
- Script error: No such module "flag". – Mauritanian Army:[14] 365
- Script error: No such module "flag". – Mexican Army: mounted on 8 Panhard VBL scout cars:[14] 427
- Script error: No such module "flag". – Royal Moroccan Army:[14] 367
- File:Flag of Oman.svg Oman - Royal Army of Oman and Royal Household:[14] 370
- Script error: No such module "flag". – Portuguese Army; Portuguese Marines:[14] 137
- File:Flag of Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK).svg PKK:[25]
- File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia - Saudi Arabian Army:[14] 373
- Script error: No such module "flag". - Senegalese Army:[14] 496
- File:Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore - Singapore Army:[14] 307
- Script error: No such module "flag". – South African Army: 375 missiles.[26][27][28][29][30]
- Script error: No such module "flag". – Syrian Army:[14] 377
- Script error: No such module "flag". – Tunisian Armed Forces: 120 missiles.[26]
- Script error: No such module "flag". – Turkish Army:[14] 154
- Script error: No such module "flag".: some donated by France to support the Ukrainian army in war against Russia.[32]
- Script error: No such module "flag".:[14] 381
- Script error: No such module "flag". – Uruguayan Army:[14] 438
- Script error: No such module "flag". – Yemeni Armed forces
.svg){kind=link}
Former operators
- File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia – Australian Army: Was used by infantry and mounted on vehicles. The Australian Army withdrew the MILAN from service in the early 1990s. The ADF now fields the FGM-148 Javelin system.
- File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium – Belgian Army: Infantry weapon; replaced by Spike-LR in 2014[33]
- File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil – Brazilian Army[34]
- Script error: No such module "flag". – Estonian Defence Forces[35]
- Script error: No such module "flag". – Irish Army: Infantry weapon; replaced by the FGM-148 Javelin.
- Script error: No such module "flag".[36]
- File:Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia - imported in 1978-1979[37]
- Script error: No such module "flag". – Spanish Army[38]
- File:Flag of UNITA.svg UNITA: 150 missiles.[26]
- File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom – British Army; Royal Marines – While primarily an infantry weapon, it was also used in the FV120 Spartan MCT turret. Over 50,000 missiles were purchased for use in the British Armed Forces. The MILAN was deployed against Argentine bunkers in the Falklands conflict[39] and later against T-55s during the Persian Gulf War.[40] It was replaced by the FGM-148 Javelin in mid-2005. Previously made under licence by British Aerospace Dynamics.[41]
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See also
References
- Notes
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- ↑ Falklands War Operations Manual. Haynes, Chris McNab, 2018, Template:ISBN
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ France Orders Anti-Tank Missile from MBDA – Defensenews.com, 5 December 2013
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ French, American Weapons Take Toll on ISIS in Ground Combat Template:Webarchive - Military.com, 16 November 2015
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- ↑ Template:Cite thesis
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- ↑ Belgium selects Spike missile to replace Milan Template:Webarchive – Armyrecognition.com, 3 January 2013
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ The Estonian Defence Forces and the Estonian Defence League will improve their antitank armament. Centre for Defence Investments. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Zaloga (2004), p. 36.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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External links
- Technical data sheet on the website of MBDA
- GlobalSecurity.org
- Information about The British Army's MILAN 2
- Video link
- Template:Trim Template:Replace on YouTubeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".