Rock thrush: Difference between revisions

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imported>McMadagascar
linked M. pongraczi
 
imported>McMadagascar
added images for M. rufocinereus and M. brevipes
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| synonyms          =
| synonyms          =
   {{Species list
   {{Species list
     |Pseudocossyphus|([[Richard Bowdler Sharpe|Sharpe]], 1883)
     |Pseudocossyphus|F Boie, 1826
   }}
   }}
| type_species      = ''[[Common rock thrush|Turdus saxatilis]]''
| type_species      = ''[[Common rock thrush|Turdus saxatilis]]''
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==Taxonomy==
==Taxonomy==
The genus was erected by the German naturalist [[Friedrich Boie]] in 1822.<ref>{{ cite book | last1=Mayr | first1=Ernst | last2=Paynter | first2=Raymond A. Jr. | year=1964 | title=Check-list of Birds of the World. Volume 10 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=135 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14486324 }}</ref><ref>{{ cite journal | last=Boie | first=F. | year=1822 | title=Ueber Classification, insonderheit der europäischen Vogel | journal=Isis von Oken | volume=10–11 | at=Col. 552 | language=de | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/27515507 }}</ref> ''Monticola'' is the Latin word for mountain-dweller or mountaineer.<ref>{{cite book | last= Jobling | first= James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | page=260 }}</ref> The genus was formerly included in the thrush family [[Turdidae]].<ref name=h&m3>{{cite book | editor1-last=Dickinson | editor1-first=E.C. | year=2003 | title=The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World | edition=3rd | place=London | publisher=Christopher Helm | isbn=978-0-7136-6536-9 }}</ref> [[Molecular phylogenetic]] studies published in 2004 and 2010 showed that the species are more closely related to members of the Old World flycatcher family [[Muscicapidae]].<ref name=voelker2004>{{ cite journal | last1=Voelker | first1=G. | last2=Spellman | first2=G.M. | year=2004 | title=Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA evidence of polyphyly in the avian superfamily Muscicapoidea | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=30 | issue=2 | pages=386–394 | doi=10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00191-X | pmid=14715230 }}</ref><ref name=sangster2010>{{ cite journal | last1=Sangster | first1=G. | last2=Alström | first2=P. | last3=Forsmark | first3=E. | last4=Olsson | first4=U. | year=2010 | title=Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of Old World chats and flycatchers reveals extensive paraphyly at family, subfamily and genus level (Aves: Muscicapidae) | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=57 | issue=1 | pages=380–392 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2010.07.008 | pmid=20656044}}</ref>
The genus ''Monticola'' was erected by the German naturalist [[Friedrich Boie]] in 1822. Boie listed two species, ''saxatilis'' and ''cyanus'' but did not designate the [[type species]].<ref>{{ cite journal | last=Boie | first=F. | year=1822 | title=Ueber Classification, insonderheit der europäischen Vogel | journal=Isis von Oken | volume=10–11 | at=Col. 552 | language=de | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/27515507 }}</ref> In 1826 Boie introduced a different genus name, ''Petrocossyphus'', containing a single species, ''Turdus saxatilis'' [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]].<ref>{{ cite journal | last=Boie | first=Friedrich  | author-link=Friedrich Boie | year=1826 | title=Generalübersicht der ornithologischen Ordnungen, Familien und Gattungen | journal=Isis von Oken | language=German | volume=19 | at=Cols 969–981 [972] | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/27511178 }}</ref> This new genus name was not accepted by other ornithologists as according to [[Hugh Edwin Strickland]]: "The former name ought therefore to stand, as authors ought no more to alter their own generic names when once published than those of others".<ref>{{ cite journal | last=Strickland | first=Hugh Edwin | author-link=Hugh Edwin Strickland | year=1841 | title=Commentary on Mr. G.R. Gray's ''Genera of Birds''. 1840 (continued) | journal=Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology | volume=7 | pages=26-41 [26] | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2314721 }}</ref> The type species of the genus ''Monticola'' is ''Turdus saxatilis'' Linnaeus, the [[common rock thrush]].<ref>{{ cite book | last=Gray | first=George Robert | author-link=George Robert Gray | year=1847 | title=The Genera of Birds : comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera | volume=1 | location=London | publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans | page=220 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40012358 }} The title page has 1849. For the publication date see {{ cite journal | last=Bruce | first=Murray D. | date=2023 | title=The Genera of Birds (1844–1849) by George Robert Gray: A review of its part publication, dates, new nominal taxa, suppressed content and other details | journal=Sherbornia | volume=8 | issue=1 | pages=1–93 [18] | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/368392529 | ref=none }}</ref><ref>{{ cite book | last1=Mayr | first1=Ernst | last2=Paynter | first2=Raymond A. Jr. | year=1964 | title=Check-list of Birds of the World. Volume 10 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=135 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14486324 }}</ref> ''Monticola'' is the [[Latin]] word for mountain-dweller or mountaineer.<ref>{{ cite web | last=Jobling | first=James A. | title=Monticola | work=The Key to Scientific Names | url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/key-to-scientific-names/search?q=Monticola | publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology | access-date=2 June 2025 }}</ref>


The genus contains the following species:<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=January 2023 | title=Chats, Old World flycatchers | work=IOC World Bird List Version 13.1 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/chats/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref>
The genus was formerly included in the thrush family [[Turdidae]],<ref name=h&m3>{{cite book | editor1-last=Dickinson | editor1-first=E.C. | year=2003 | title=The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World | edition=3rd | place=London | publisher=Christopher Helm | isbn=978-0-7136-6536-9 }}</ref> but [[molecular phylogenetic]] studies published in 2004 and 2010 showed that the species are more closely related to members of the Old World flycatcher family [[Muscicapidae]].<ref name=voelker2004>{{ cite journal | last1=Voelker | first1=G. | last2=Spellman | first2=G.M. | year=2004 | title=Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA evidence of polyphyly in the avian superfamily Muscicapoidea | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=30 | issue=2 | pages=386–394 | doi=10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00191-X | pmid=14715230 }}</ref><ref name=sangster2010>{{ cite journal | last1=Sangster | first1=G. | last2=Alström | first2=P. | last3=Forsmark | first3=E. | last4=Olsson | first4=U. | year=2010 | title=Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of Old World chats and flycatchers reveals extensive paraphyly at family, subfamily and genus level (Aves: Muscicapidae) | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=57 | issue=1 | pages=380–392 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2010.07.008 | pmid=20656044}}</ref>
 
The genus contains the following species:<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela C. Rasmussen | date=February 2025 | title=Chats, Old World flycatchers | work=IOC World Bird List Version 15.1 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/chats/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=2 June 2025}}</ref>


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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| [[File:Chestnut-bellied Rock Thrush Male at Almora DSCN8228 11.jpg|125px]] || [[Chestnut-bellied rock thrush]] ||''Monticola rufiventris''|| Himalayas, [[Patkai]] and southern China
| [[File:Chestnut-bellied Rock Thrush Male at Almora DSCN8228 11.jpg|125px]] || [[Chestnut-bellied rock thrush]] ||''Monticola rufiventris''|| Himalayas, [[Patkai]] and southern China
|-
|-
| - || [[Short-toed rock thrush]] ||''Monticola brevipes''|| arid areas of southwestern Angola and southern Africa  
| [[File:Monticola brevipes.jpg|125px]] || [[Short-toed rock thrush]] ||''Monticola brevipes''|| arid areas of southwestern Angola and southern Africa  
|-
|-
| [[File:Monticola explorator -Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa -male-8.jpg|125px]] || [[Sentinel rock thrush]] ||''Monticola explorator''|| southern Africa
| [[File:Monticola explorator -Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa -male-8.jpg|125px]] || [[Sentinel rock thrush]] ||''Monticola explorator''|| southern Africa
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| [[File:Littoral Rock Thrush, Ambola, Madagascar 2.jpg|125px]] || [[Littoral rock thrush]] ||''Monticola imerina''|| southern coastal Madagascar
| [[File:Littoral Rock Thrush, Ambola, Madagascar 2.jpg|125px]] || [[Littoral rock thrush]] ||''Monticola imerina''|| southern coastal Madagascar
|-
|-
| - || [[Little rock thrush]] ||''Monticola rufocinereus''|| eastern [[Afromontane]]
| [[File:Monticola rufocinereus.jpg|125px]] || [[Little rock thrush]] ||''Monticola rufocinereus''|| eastern [[Afromontane]]
|-
|-
| [[File:Codirossone 1-Passo dello Spluga (SO).png|125px]] || [[Common rock thrush]] ||''Monticola saxatilis''|| temperate rocky regions of Palearctic; winters to Africa
| [[File:Codirossone 1-Passo dello Spluga (SO).png|125px]] || [[Common rock thrush]] ||''Monticola saxatilis''|| temperate rocky regions of Palearctic; winters to Africa

Revision as of 12:48, 3 June 2025

Template:Short description Template:Automatic Taxobox

The rock thrushes, Monticola, are a genus of chats, medium-sized mostly insectivorous or omnivorous songbirds. All are Old World birds, and most are associated with mountainous regions.

Taxonomy

The genus Monticola was erected by the German naturalist Friedrich Boie in 1822. Boie listed two species, saxatilis and cyanus but did not designate the type species.[1] In 1826 Boie introduced a different genus name, Petrocossyphus, containing a single species, Turdus saxatilis Linnaeus.[2] This new genus name was not accepted by other ornithologists as according to Hugh Edwin Strickland: "The former name ought therefore to stand, as authors ought no more to alter their own generic names when once published than those of others".[3] The type species of the genus Monticola is Turdus saxatilis Linnaeus, the common rock thrush.[4][5] Monticola is the Latin word for mountain-dweller or mountaineer.[6]

The genus was formerly included in the thrush family Turdidae,[7] but molecular phylogenetic studies published in 2004 and 2010 showed that the species are more closely related to members of the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae.[8][9]

The genus contains the following species:[10]

Image Common Name Scientific Name Distribution
File:Blue-capped rock thrush (Monticola cinclorhyncha) 037.jpg Blue-capped rock thrush Monticola cinclorhyncha Himalayas; winters to western and eastern Ghats
File:4G4A2289.jpg White-throated rock thrush Monticola gularis Manchuria
File:Chestnut-bellied Rock Thrush Male at Almora DSCN8228 11.jpg Chestnut-bellied rock thrush Monticola rufiventris Himalayas, Patkai and southern China
File:Monticola brevipes.jpg Short-toed rock thrush Monticola brevipes arid areas of southwestern Angola and southern Africa
File:Monticola explorator -Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa -male-8.jpg Sentinel rock thrush Monticola explorator southern Africa
File:Amber mountain rock thrush (Monticola sharpei erythronotus) male 2.jpg Amber Mountain rock thrush Monticola erythronotus Amber Mountain, Madagascar
File:Forest Rock-Thrush (Monticola sharpei), Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.jpg Forest rock thrush Monticola sharpei Madagascar
File:Benson's rock thrush (Monticola sharpei bensoni).jpg Benson's rock thrush Monticola sharpei bensoni southern-central Madagascar
File:Littoral Rock Thrush, Ambola, Madagascar 2.jpg Littoral rock thrush Monticola imerina southern coastal Madagascar
File:Monticola rufocinereus.jpg Little rock thrush Monticola rufocinereus eastern Afromontane
File:Codirossone 1-Passo dello Spluga (SO).png Common rock thrush Monticola saxatilis temperate rocky regions of Palearctic; winters to Africa
File:Blue Rock Thrush (Monticola solitarius) (27649993912).jpg Blue rock thrush Monticola solitarius temperate and elevated areas of Palearctic;
winters to Africa, Arabia and Indomalaya
File:Monticola rupestris -Marakele National Park, South Africa -male-8 (1).jpg Cape rock thrush Monticola rupestris southern Africa
File:Miombo Rock-Thrush, Kakanda, DRC (5812572406).jpg Miombo rock thrush Monticola angolensis Miombo woodlands
File:Myrmecocichla semirufa -Ethiopia-8 (cropped).jpg White-winged cliff chat Monticola semirufus Ethiopian Highlands

Fossil record

Monticola pongraczi (Pliocene of Beremend, Hungary) [11]

References

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  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". The title page has 1849. For the publication date see Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Kessler, E. 2013. Neogene songbirds (Aves, Passeriformes) from Hungary. – Hantkeniana, Budapest, 2013, 8: 37-149.

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Further reading

Template:Passerida Template:Taxonbar

External links

Template:Sister project


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