[[File:Viking XPRS Turku Repair Yard Jan 2014.jpg|thumb|[[Turku Repair Yard]], Finland]]
[[File:Viking XPRS Turku Repair Yard Jan 2014.jpg|thumb|[[Turku Repair Yard]], Finland]]
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A '''shipyard''', also called a '''dockyard''' or '''boatyard''', is a place where [[ship]]s are [[shipbuilding|built]] and repaired. These can be [[yacht]]s, military vessels, [[cruise liner]]s or other cargo or passenger ships. Compared to shipyards, which are sometimes more involved with original construction, dockyards are sometimes more linked with maintenance and basing activities. The terms are routinely used interchangeably, in part because the [[Shipyard#History|evolution]] of dockyards and shipyards has often caused them to change or merge roles.
A '''shipyard''', also called a '''dockyard''' or '''boatyard''', is a place where [[ship]]s are [[shipbuilding|built]] and repaired. These can be [[yacht]]s, military vessels, [[cruise liner]]s or other cargo or passenger ships. Compared to shipyards, which are sometimes more involved with original construction, dockyards are sometimes more linked with maintenance and basing activities. The terms are routinely used interchangeably, in part because the [[Shipyard#History|evolution]] of dockyards and shipyards has often caused them to change or merge roles.
Countries with large shipbuilding industries include [[Australia]], [[Brazil]], [[China]], [[Croatia]], [[Denmark]], [[Finland]], [[France]], [[Germany]], [[India]], [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]], [[Italy]], [[Japan]], the [[Netherlands]], [[Norway]], the [[Philippines]], [[Poland]], [[Romania]], [[Russia]], [[Singapore]], [[South Korea]], [[Sweden]], [[Taiwan]], [[Turkey]], the [[United Arab Emirates]], [[Ukraine]], the [[United Kingdom]], the [[United States]] and [[Vietnam]]. The shipbuilding industry is more fragmented in [[Economy of Europe|Europe]] than in [[Economy of Asia|Asia]] where countries tend to have fewer, larger companies. Many naval vessels are built or maintained in shipyards owned or operated by the national government or navy.
Countries with large shipbuilding industries include [[Australia]], [[Brazil]], [[Canada]], [[China]], [[Croatia]], [[Denmark]], [[Finland]], [[France]], [[Germany]], [[India]], [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]], [[Italy]], [[Japan]], the [[Netherlands]], [[Norway]], the [[Philippines]], [[Poland]], [[Romania]], [[Russia]], [[Singapore]], [[South Korea]], [[Spain]], [[Sweden]], [[Taiwan]], [[Turkey]], the [[United Arab Emirates]], [[Ukraine]], the [[United Kingdom]], the [[United States]] and [[Vietnam]]. The shipbuilding industry is more fragmented in [[Economy of Europe|Europe]] than in [[Economy of Asia|Asia]] where countries tend to have fewer, larger companies. Many naval vessels are built or maintained in shipyards owned or operated by the national government or navy.
Shipyards are constructed near the sea or tidal rivers to allow easy access for their ships. The [[United Kingdom]], for example, has shipyards on many of its rivers.
Shipyards are constructed near the sea or tidal rivers to allow easy access for their ships. The [[United Kingdom]], for example, has shipyards on many of its rivers.
The oldest structure sometimes identified as a dockyard{{efn|An alternative classification describes the structure as an irrigation tank.<ref>{{cite journal| last1= Leshnik| first1= Lawrence S.| last2= Junghans| first2= K. H.| title= The Harappan 'Port' at Lothal: Another View| url= https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1525/aa.1968.70.5.02a00070| journal= American Anthropologist| publication-date= October 1968| volume= 70| issue= 5| pages= 911–922| doi= 10.1525/aa.1968.70.5.02a00070| quote= The settlement in general and the basin in particular do not, in the author's view, appear to meet the requirements of a port. As an alternative, he suggests that the basin could have served as an irrigation tank for a moderately-sized but still rural village.| access-date= 22 May 2024| url-access= subscription}}</ref>}} was built {{circa | 2400 BC}} by the [[Indus Valley civilisation]] in the [[Harappan architecture|Harappan]] port city of [[Lothal#Dockyard|Lothal]] (in present-day [[Gujarat|Gujarat, India]]).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title= Archaeological remains of a Harappa Port-Town, Lothal|url= https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5918/|access-date= 2022-02-10|publisher= UNESCO World Heritage Centre| quote = In close proximity to the enclosure identified as a warehouse, along the eastern side where a wharf-like platform, is a basin measuring 217 m long and 26 meters in width, identified as a tidal dock-yard.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://theprint.in/india/governance/this-is-modi-govts-plan-for-indias-first-national-maritime-museum-in-gujarats-lothal/376488/ | title=This is Modi govt's plan for India's first National Maritime Museum in Gujarat's Lothal | website=[[ThePrint]] | date=9 March 2020 | quote = Archaeological excavations discovered the oldest man-made dockyard – over 5,000 years old – in Lothal, located near the village of Saragwala in the Dholka Taluka of Ahmedabad district. [...] It was one of the southernmost cities, and the only port town, in the Indus Valley civilisation. [...] While the city has been nominated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site by the Indian government, its application is pending on the United Nation’s tentative list. [...] According to UNESCO, stone anchors, marine shells and seals possibly belonging to the Persian Gulf corroborate the use of the basin as a dockyard where boats would have sailed upstream from the Gulf of Cambay during high tide.}}</ref> Lothal engineers accorded high priority to the creation of a dockyard and a [[warehouse]] to serve the purposes of maritime trade. The name [[Naupactus]], an ancient Greek city on the Gulf of Corinth, means "shipyard" (combination of the [[Greek language|Greek]] words ναύς ''naus'': "ship, boat"; and πήγνυμι ''pêgnumi'', ''pegnymi'': "builder, fixer").<ref name="t347">{{cite book | author=Strabo | title=Strabo's Geography: A Translation for the Modern World | publisher=Princeton University Press | date=2024-06-11 | isbn=978-0-691-24312-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P1HpEAAAQBAJ&dq=Naupactus,+shipyard&pg=PA499 | access-date=2025-09-04 | page=499}}</ref> Naupactus' reputation in this field extended back into legendary times – the site is traditionally identified by Greek authors such as [[Ephorus]] and [[Strabo]] as the place where a fleet was said to have been built by the legendary [[Heraclidae]]<ref>{{cite book |editor-last1= Müller|editor-first1 = Karl Otfried|editor-link1 = Karl Otfried Müller|year = 2010|orig-date = 1841|chapter = Ephori fragmenta|title = Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=lW_IPqgQolEC|location = Cambridge|publisher = Cambridge University Press|page = 236|isbn = 9781108016605|access-date = 23 May 2024|quote = Naupactus, ... sic dicta quod Heraclidae ibi classem compegerint, auctoribus Ephoro et Strabone.}}</ref> Other early historical shipyards include [[Tel Abu Saifi]], in the Northern [[Sinai Peninsula|Sinai]], a 4th-century BCE, Ptolemaic Era, Egyptian dockyard, with two dry docks.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ancient Shipyard Discovered in Egypt – Archaeology Magazine |url=https://www.archaeology.org/news/7405-190213-egypt-ship-workshop |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=archaeology.org |date=13 February 2019 }}</ref> [[Roman shipyard of Stifone (Narni)|Narni]] was a shipyard of [[Ancient Rome]].
The oldest structure sometimes identified as a dockyard{{efn|An alternative classification describes the structure as an irrigation tank.<ref>{{cite journal| last1= Leshnik| first1= Lawrence S.| last2= Junghans| first2= K. H.| title= The Harappan 'Port' at Lothal: Another View| url= https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1525/aa.1968.70.5.02a00070| journal= American Anthropologist| publication-date= October 1968| volume= 70| issue= 5| pages= 911–922| doi= 10.1525/aa.1968.70.5.02a00070| quote= The settlement in general and the basin in particular do not, in the author's view, appear to meet the requirements of a port. As an alternative, he suggests that the basin could have served as an irrigation tank for a moderately-sized but still rural village.| access-date= 22 May 2024| url-access= subscription}}</ref>
In the Spanish city of [[Barcelona]], the [[Barcelona Royal Shipyard|Drassanes]] shipyards were active from at least the mid-13th century until the 18th century, although at times they served as a barracks for troops as well as an arsenal. During their time of operation the Drassanes were continuously changed, rebuilt and modified, but two original towers and part of the original eight construction-naves remain today. From the 14th century, several hundred years before the [[Industrial Revolution]], ships were the first items to be manufactured in a [[factory]] – in the [[Venice Arsenal]] of the [[Venetian Republic]] in present-day [[Italy]]. The Arsenal apparently [[mass production|mass-produced]] nearly one ship every day using [[American system of manufacturing|pre-manufactured parts]] and [[assembly line]]s. At its height in the 16th century the enterprise employed 16,000 people. Spain built component ships of the [[Spanish Armada|Great Armada]] of 1588 at ports such as [[Algeciras]] or [[Málaga]].<ref>{{cite journal |year=1977 |title=Quarterly Review |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IS7jAAAAMAAJ |journal=Quarterly Review |publisher=Anglo-Spanish Society |issue=100{{ndash}}118 |page=43 |quote=It is probable that at least a quarter of the ships of the Great Armada sent against England were built at Algeciras or Malaga. |access-date=2023-06-23}}</ref> In the 17th and 18th centuries, shipyards developed in complexity, with yards such as [[Blackwall Yard]] (1614 to 1987), the [[Scotts Shipbuilding and Engineering Company]] in Greenock, Scotland (1711–1984) and the [[Kraljevica Shipyard]] (1729 and still operating) being established. [[Havana]] was long the only dockyard in the [[Caribbean]] during the colonial period, the ''[[Spanish ship Nuestra Señora de la Santísima Trinidad|Santísima Trinidad]]'', the largest warship of its time, was built there in 1769. [[Royal Naval Dockyards]] in the [[United Kingdom|UK]] also expanded at this time, (including [[Woolwich Dockyard|Woolwich]], [[Deptford]], [[Chatham Dockyard|Chatham]], [[Portsmouth Dockyard|Portsmouth]] and [[HMNB Devonport|Devonport]]), [[Gibraltar]], [[Bombay]], [[Royal Naval Dockyard, Bermuda|Bermuda]], [[Hong Kong]] and elsewhere worldwide. Similarly, other countries in this period include the Nantes-Indret yard in France (established in 1771 it built ships for the American Revolution including the ''Deane''), Charlestown Navy Yard, later [[Boston Navy Yard]], [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]] (1800 to 1974), the [[Navy Island]], [[Ontario]], Canada (French in the 18th century, then British 1763 to [[War of 1812]]), the [[Philadelphia Naval Shipyard]] (1799 to 1995), at two locations, and the [[Portsmouth Naval Shipyard]], located on [[Maine]]-[[New Hampshire]] border (1800 to present, making it the oldest continuously operating shipyard of the US Navy).
}} was built {{circa | 2400 BC}} by the [[Indus Valley civilisation]] in the [[Bronze Age India|Harappan]] port city of [[Lothal#Dockyard|Lothal]] (in present-day [[Gujarat|Gujarat, India]]).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title= Archaeological remains of a Harappa Port-Town, Lothal|url= https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5918/|access-date= 2022-02-10|publisher= UNESCO World Heritage Centre| quote = In close proximity to the enclosure identified as a warehouse, along the eastern side where a wharf-like platform, is a basin measuring 217 m long and 26 meters in width, identified as a tidal dock-yard.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://theprint.in/india/governance/this-is-modi-govts-plan-for-indias-first-national-maritime-museum-in-gujarats-lothal/376488/ | title=This is Modi govt's plan for India's first National Maritime Museum in Gujarat's Lothal | date=9 March 2020 | quote = Archaeological excavations discovered the oldest man-made dockyard – over 5,000 years old – in Lothal, located near the village of Saragwala in the Dholka Taluka of Ahmedabad district. [...] It was one of the southernmost cities, and the only port town, in the Indus Valley civilisation. [...] While the city has been nominated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site by the Indian government, its application is pending on the United Nation’s tentative list. [...] According to UNESCO, stone anchors, marine shells and seals possibly belonging to the Persian Gulf corroborate the use of the basin as a dockyard where boats would have sailed upstream from the Gulf of Cambay during high tide.}}
</ref>
Lothal's dockyards connected to an ancient course of the [[Sabarmati]] river on the trade route between [[Harappa]]n cities in [[Sindh]] and the peninsula of [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] when the present-day surrounding [[Kutch]] desert formed a part of the [[Arabian Sea]].
Lothal engineers accorded high priority to the creation of a dockyard and a [[warehouse]] to serve the purposes of maritime trade.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marine |first=Mega |date=2023-03-11 |title=Lothal: The Maritime Trading Hub of the Indus Valley |url=https://www.shipmachineryparts.com/post/lothal-the-maritime-trading-hub-of-the-indus-valley |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=Ship Machinery Parts}}</ref> The dock was built on the eastern flank of the town, and is regarded by archaeologists as an engineering feat of the highest order. It was located away from the main current of the river to avoid silting, but provided access to ships at high tide as well.
The [[Industrial revolution]] saw the creation of many new shipyards around the world. In the UK, these included [[Thames Ironworks and Shipbuilding Co. Ltd]] (1837 to 1912), [[William Denny and Brothers]] in Dumbarton, Scotland (1840 to 1963), [[John Brown & Company]], Scotland (1851 to 1972), [[Swan Hunter]] (1880 to 2006), [[Harland & Wolff]] – (1861 - still a working yard) and [[Cammell Laird]] (1828, still a working yard). In Europe, other examples include [[Blohm+Voss]] (1877) where ''Bismarck'' was constructed (still a major yard). [[Ulstein Verft]] in Norway was established in 1917 (still a working yard under the [[Ulstein Group]]). In France, [[Chantiers de l'Atlantique]] (STX France) was established in 1861 (and is still a working yard). [[3. Maj]] was one of the largest shipyard in the [[Mediterranean]], established in 1892 in [[Rijeka]] (it is still a working yard). [[SLKB Komarno (Komárno) – Slovak Shipyard Komárno]] was another European shipyard on the [[Danube]] (established in 1898). [[Jean Street Shipyard]] (1843–present) is the oldest continually operated shipyard in the U.S. Located on the [[Hillsborough River (Florida)|Hillsborough River]] in [[Tampa, Florida]]. [[Gloucester Marine Railways]] in the US (1859–present) is the oldest working shipyard in New England, being located on [[Rocky Neck, Gloucester|Rocky Neck]] in [[Gloucester, Massachusetts]].
The name of the ancient Greek city on the Gulf of Corinth, [[Naupactus]], means "shipyard" (combination of the [[Greek language|Greek]] words ναύς ''naus'': "ship, boat"; and πήγνυμι ''pêgnumi'', ''pegnymi'': "builder, fixer"). Naupactus' reputation in this field extended back into legendary times – the site is traditionally identified by Greek authors such as [[Ephorus]] and [[Strabo]] as the place where a fleet was said to have been built by the legendary [[Heraclidae]]<ref>
During the late industrial revolution, British shipyards were among the largest in the world, including [[Harland & Wolff]] in Belfast, [[John Brown & Company]] at Clydebank (Glasgow) and [[Swan Hunter]] at Wallsend (Tyne).<ref name="e757">{{cite book | last=Hamilton-Paterson | first=James | title=What We Have Lost | date=2019-04-04 | isbn=978-1-78497-236-3 }}</ref><ref name="g015">{{cite web | author=The Royal Geographical Society | title=Cammell Laird shipbuilding | website=Britain from the Air | url=https://www.discoveringbritain.org/activities/north-west-england/aerial/britain-from-the-air-shipbuilding.html | access-date=2025-09-04}}</ref> By the 20th century, large shipyards were built during conflicts such as the [[First World War]] and [[Second World War]]. The [[Sun Shipbuilding & Drydock Co.]] in [[Chester, Pennsylvania]] was the largest shipyard in the world by 1945, employing some 40,000 workers and building hundreds of ships during the Second World War.<ref name="m712">{{cite book | last=Sweeny | first=Alastair | title=Black Bonanza: Canada's Oil Sands and the Race to Secure North America's Energy Future | publisher=John Wiley & Sons | date=2010-05-13 | isbn=978-0-470-67583-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iGqZuIPJdz4C&dq=Sun+Shipbuilding&pg=PA91 | access-date=2025-09-04 | page=91}}</ref><ref name="a437">{{cite book | last=Slade | first=Rachel | title=Into the Raging Sea | publisher=Fourth Estate | date=2019 | isbn=978-0-00-830247-4 | page=82}}</ref> Other examples of historical US yards include [[Mare Island Naval Shipyard]], [[Mare Island]], [[California]] (1854 to 1996), New York Naval Shipyard (NYNSY), also known as the Brooklyn Navy Yard, the [[New York Navy Yard]], and United States Navy Yard, New York (1801 to 1966), [[San Francisco Naval Shipyard]], later Hunters Point Naval Shipyard, then Treasure Island Naval Station Hunters Point Annex (1941 to 1994) and [[Long Beach Naval Shipyard]] (1943 to 1997).
|quote = Naupactus, ... sic dicta quod Heraclidae ibi classem compegerint, auctoribus Ephoro et Strabone.
}}
</ref>
to invade the [[Peloponnesus]].
In the Spanish city of [[Barcelona]], the [[Barcelona Royal Shipyard|Drassanes]] shipyards were active from at least the mid-13th century until the 18th century, although at times they served as a barracks for troops as well as an arsenal. During their time of operation the Drassanes were continuously changed, rebuilt and modified, but two original towers and part of the original eight construction-naves remain today. The site is currently a maritime museum.
New shipyards were established after the war, a prominent example being the [[Gdańsk Shipyard]] in 1945, the birthplace of [[History of Solidarity|Solidarity Movement]] – (still a working yard). In the late 20th century, shipbuilding in countries such as the US and UK declined, with yards closing and new shipyards instead expanding in countries such as [[Japan]], [[South Korea]] and [[China]].<ref name="e757"/><ref name="v785">{{cite web | last=Milmo | first=Dan | title=The decline of the UK shipbuilding industry was not inevitable | website=the Guardian | date=2013-11-06 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2013/nov/06/uk-shipbuilding-industry-bae-portsmouth | access-date=2025-09-04}}</ref> By the early 21st century, China became the worlds leading shipbuilder, with approximately 50% of global tonnage build at Chinese shipyards in 2023.<ref name="h362">{{cite web | title=A closer look at the massive Chinese orderbook amid US probe | website=Riviera | url=https://www.rivieramm.com/news-content-hub/news-content-hub/a-closer-look-at-the-massive-chinese-orderbook-amid-us-probe-83546 | language=pt | access-date=2025-09-04}}</ref> Since the early 2020s, shipyard capacity, design and infrastructure is changing in light of technological change and as the result of regulatory changes from the [[International Maritime Organization]] requiring ships to be built to operate more efficiently and with less pollution.<ref name="c717">{{cite web | title=Review of Maritime Transport 2024 | website=UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD) | date=2024-10-22 | url=https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/rmt2024_en.pdf | access-date=2025-09-04|page=4}}</ref>
From the 14th century, several hundred years before the [[Industrial Revolution]], ships were the first items to be manufactured in a [[factory]] – in the [[Venice Arsenal]] of the [[Venetian Republic]] in present-day [[Italy]]. The Arsenal apparently [[mass production|mass-produced]] nearly one ship every day using [[American system of manufacturing|pre-manufactured parts]] and [[assembly line]]s. At its height in the 16th century the enterprise employed 16,000 people.
==Shipyard work==
[[File:Shipyard with fully enclosed assembly building.webp|thumb|Donjon shipyard with fully enclosed assembly building in [[Erie, Pennsylvania]]]]
Spain built component ships of the [[Spanish Armada|Great Armada]] of 1588 at ports such as [[Algeciras]] or [[Málaga]].<ref>{{cite journal |year=1977 |title=Quarterly Review |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IS7jAAAAMAAJ |journal=Quarterly Review |publisher=Anglo-Spanish Society |issue=100{{ndash}}118 |page=43 |quote=It is probable that at least a quarter of the ships of the Great Armada sent against England were built at Algeciras or Malaga. |access-date=2023-06-23}}</ref>
Work in shipyards typically involves the construction, modification, retrofitting and repair of ships.<ref name="c766">{{cite book | last1=Eyres | first1=D.J. | last2=Bruce | first2=G.J. | title=Ship Construction | chapter=Shipyard layout | publisher=Elsevier | year=2012 | isbn=978-0-08-097239-8 | doi=10.1016/b978-0-08-097239-8.00011-8 | pages=119–124}}</ref> This varies according to the type of shipyard and if there are [[drydock]]s in the shipyard.<ref name="c776">{{cite web | title=Guidance on safety in shipyards | website=International Marine Contractors Association (IMCA) | url=https://www.imca-int.com/resources/technical-library/document/67c53e5f-c55b-ee11-8def-6045bdd0ef2e/ | access-date=2025-09-04}}</ref> It may also involve [[ship breaking]], although in the 21st century, most ship recycling takes place at the [[Alang Ship Breaking Yard]] in [[India]], the [[Chittagong Ship Breaking Yard]] in [[Bangladesh]] and the [[Gadani Ship Breaking Yard]] in [[Pakistan]].<ref name="h741">{{cite web | title=Ship Breaking around the world | website=Ship Breaking | date=2025-09-04 | url=https://shipbreakingbd.info/ship-breaking-around-the-world/ | access-date=2025-09-04}}</ref> Shipyards normally have industrial facilities for the production, assembly, and installation of materials. Shipyards normally have quays, jetties and slipways that include specific areas for launching, for repair and for outfitting work.<ref name="c766"/> The work in the shipyard will typically involve activities such as the [[welding]] and cutting of [[steel]], the use of [[Cutting tool (machining)|cutting tools]] and other [[machine tool]]s plumbing, electrical work, and the application, removal or renewal of paints and coatings.<ref name="i517">{{cite web | title=Shipyards | website=Maritime Safety and Health | date=2024-05-01 | url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/maritime/about/shipyards.html | access-date=2025-09-04}}</ref>
== Historic shipyards ==
Work in the shipyard typically falls under the relevant national domestic health and safety legislation. Examples around the world include the US Shipyard Industry Standards, part of [[Occupational Safety and Health Administration]], the UK workplace regulations of the UK [[Health and Safety Executive]] and the Industrial Safety and Health Act of Ministry of Employment and Labor in South Korea.<ref name="t292">{{cite web | title=Shipyard Industry Standards | url=https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/publications/OSHA_shipyard_industry.pdf |publisher=OSHA| access-date=2025-09-04}}</ref><ref name="j836">{{cite web | title=Shipbuilding and ship-repair | website=HSE | date=2025-07-16 | url=https://www.hse.gov.uk/engineering/shipbuilding.htm | access-date=2025-09-04}}</ref><ref name="n521">{{cite web | author=The Maritime Executive | title=Supervisor Killed at Hanwha Ocean Shipyard During Testing on FPSO | website=The Maritime Executive | date=2025-09-03 | url=https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/supervisor-killed-at-hanwha-ocean-shipyard-during-testing-on-fpso | access-date=2025-09-04}}</ref> Work in shipyards can at times be considered dangerous.<ref name="r319">{{cite web | last=DiVincenzo | first=Kimber | title=Workplace Safety For Shipyard Workers | website=Work-Fit | date=2025-07-17 | url=https://www.work-fit.com/blog/workplace-safety-for-shipyard-workers | access-date=2025-09-04}}</ref> Accidents in shipyards may involve falls from height,<ref name="n521"/> as well as injuries from the use of tools and equipment, and from other hazards such as fire, explosion and pollution.<ref name="r319"/> In the late 20th century, many shipyard workers have been affected by the legacy of [[asbestos]] use within shipyards, although the use of the material is often prohibited following greater understanding of the effects of [[asbestosis]].<ref name="u653">{{cite journal | last=Beckett | first=William S | title=Shipyard workers and asbestos: a persistent and international problem | journal=Occupational and Environmental Medicine | publisher=BMJ | volume=64 | issue=10 | date=2007-09-19 | issn=1351-0711 | doi=10.1136/oem.2006.032284 | doi-access=free | pages=639.1–641 | pmid=17881468 | pmc=2078396 }}</ref> Hazards may also come from factors such as slips, trips, excessive-noise, high-pressure tools and impact tools such as [[needlegun]]s and [[Grinding machine|grinder]]s.<ref name="k771">{{cite web | title=Occupational Safety and Health Administration | website=Shipyard Common Hazards | date=2014-06-26 | url=https://www.osha.gov/etools/shipyard/shipbreaking/common-hazards | access-date=2025-09-04}}</ref> To mitigate the dangers and hazards of shipyard work, many employ safe systems of work based on regulation, best practice and guidance, typically involve the control of processes and the use of risk assessments and similar methods of work.<ref name="c776"/>
* [[Lothal]] in [[Gujarat]], India circa 2400 BC to 1900 BC<ref name=":0" />
* [[Naupactus]]
* [[Tel Abu Saifi]], Northern [[Sinai Peninsula|Sinai]], a 4th-century BCE, Ptolemaic Era, Egyptian dockyard, with two dry docks.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ancient Shipyard Discovered in Egypt – Archaeology Magazine |url=https://www.archaeology.org/news/7405-190213-egypt-ship-workshop |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=archaeology.org}}</ref>
* [[Roman shipyard of Stifone (Narni)]]
* [[Blackwall Yard]] 1614 to 1987
* [[Scotts Shipbuilding and Engineering Company]], Greenock, Scotland, 1711–1984
* [[Kraljevica Shipyard]] established on 28 April 1729 and still operating yard
* [[Thames Ironworks and Shipbuilding Co. Ltd]] 1837 to 1912
* [[William Denny and Brothers]], Dumbarton, Scotland 1840 to 1963
* [[John Brown & Company]], Clydebank, Scotland 1851 to 1972
* [[Gdańsk Shipyard]] the birthplace of [[History of Solidarity|Solidarity Movement]] – (still a working yard)
* [[Swan Hunter]] – (closed in April 2006 and sold to Bharati Shipyards, India's second largest private sector shipbuilder)
* [[Harland & Wolff]] – (still a working yard)
* [[Cammell Laird]] – (still a working repair yard)
* [[Blohm+Voss]], where ''Bismarck'' was constructed (still a major yard)
* [[Havana]], long the only dockyard in the [[Caribbean]] during the colonial period, the ''[[Spanish ship Nuestra Señora de la Santísima Trinidad|Santísima Trinidad]]'', the largest warship of its time, was built there in 1769.
* [[Royal Naval Dockyards]] in the [[United Kingdom|UK]] (including [[Woolwich Dockyard|Woolwich]], [[Deptford]], [[Chatham Dockyard|Chatham]], [[Portsmouth Dockyard|Portsmouth]] and [[HMNB Devonport|Devonport]]), [[Gibraltar]], [[Bombay]], [[Royal Naval Dockyard, Bermuda|Bermuda]], [[Hong Kong]] and elsewhere worldwide
* Charlestown Navy Yard, later [[Boston Navy Yard]], [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]] 1800 to 1974
* [[Ulstein Verft]], Norway, established in 1917 (still a working yard under the [[Ulstein Group]])
* [[Navy Island]], [[Ontario]], Canada – French in the 18th century, then British 1763 to [[War of 1812]]
* [[Mare Island Naval Shipyard]], [[Mare Island]], [[California]], 1854 to 1996
* New York Naval Shipyard (NYNSY), also known as the Brooklyn Navy Yard, the [[New York Navy Yard]], and United States Navy Yard, New York 1801 to 1966
* [[Philadelphia Naval Shipyard]] 1799 to 1995, at two locations
* [[San Francisco Naval Shipyard]], later Hunters Point Naval Shipyard, then Treasure Island Naval Station Hunters Point Annex, 1941 to 1994
* [[Long Beach Naval Shipyard]], 1943 to 1997
* [[Portsmouth Naval Shipyard]], located on [[Maine]]-[[New Hampshire]] border; Operational: 1800 to present, making it the oldest continuously operating shipyard of the US Navy.
* [[Chantiers de l'Atlantique]] (STX France) – established in 1861 (still a working yard)
* Nantes-Indret, France – Establish in 1771 it built ships for the American Revolution including the ''Deane''.
* [[3. Maj]] – One of the largest shipyard in the [[Mediterranean]], established in 1892 in [[Rijeka]] (still a working yard)
* [[SLKB Komarno (Komárno) – Slovak Shipyard Komárno]] – European shipyard on [[Danube]], established in 1898
* [[Jean Street Shipyard]] 1843–present – The oldest continually operated shipyard in the U.S. Located on the [[Hillsborough River (Florida)|Hillsborough River]] in [[Tampa, Florida]].
* [[Gloucester Marine Railways]] 1859–present – Oldest working shipyard in New England. Located on [[Rocky Neck, Gloucester|Rocky Neck]] in [[Gloucester, Massachusetts]].
== Prominent dockyards and shipyards ==
== Prominent dockyards and shipyards ==
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===North America===
===North America===
[[Image:Norfolk Ship Yard.jpg|thumb|200px|Aerial view of [[Norfolk Naval Shipyard]]]]
[[Image:Norfolk Ship Yard.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of [[Norfolk Naval Shipyard]]]]
[[File:Shipyard with fully enclosed assembly building.webp|thumb|Donjon shipyard with fully enclosed assembly building in [[Erie, Pennsylvania]]]]
* [[Davie Shipbuilding]], (formerly Chantier Davie Canada Inc) in Lévis, Québec, is the oldest continually operating shipbuilder in North America.
* [[Davie Shipbuilding]], (formerly Chantier Davie Canada Inc) in Lévis, Québec, is the oldest continually operating shipbuilder in North America.
* [[Newport News Shipbuilding]], (formerly Northrop Grumman Newport News) is the largest private ship builder in the [[United States|US]] and the one best known for its unique capacity to build the {{sclass|Nimitz|aircraft carrier|1}}s.
* [[Newport News Shipbuilding]], (formerly Northrop Grumman Newport News) is the largest private ship builder in the [[United States|US]] and the one best known for its unique capacity to build the {{sclass|Nimitz|aircraft carrier|1}}s.
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* [[Bath Iron Works]] (BIW), subsidiary of General Dynamics, is a major American shipyard located on the [[Kennebec River]] in [[Bath, Maine]].
* [[Bath Iron Works]] (BIW), subsidiary of General Dynamics, is a major American shipyard located on the [[Kennebec River]] in [[Bath, Maine]].
* [[Puget Sound Naval Shipyard and Intermediate Maintenance Facility|Puget Sound Naval Shipyard]] in [[Bremerton, Washington]], is also owned by the U.S. Navy. It services ships and submarines from the West Coast.
* [[Puget Sound Naval Shipyard and Intermediate Maintenance Facility|Puget Sound Naval Shipyard]] in [[Bremerton, Washington]], is also owned by the U.S. Navy. It services ships and submarines from the West Coast.
* The [[Portland, Oregon]], shipyard, operated by Cascade General Ship Repair (which is owned by Vigor Industrial)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vigorindustrial.com/vigor-marine|title=Vigor Marine|publisher=[[Vigor Industrial]]|access-date=6 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722105538/http://vigorindustrial.com/vigor-marine|archive-date=22 July 2012}}</ref> is the largest such facility on the [[United States]] West Coast.
* [[Vigor Marine Group]], a shipbuilding and ship repair company headquartered in [[Portland, Oregon]], with shipyards in Oregon, Washington, California, and Virginia {{as of|2025|lc=yes}}.
* [[Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard|Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard and Intermediate Maintenance Facility]] is operated by the US Navy. It services surface ships and submarines from the Pacific region
* [[Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard|Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard and Intermediate Maintenance Facility]] is operated by the US Navy. It services surface ships and submarines from the Pacific region
===South America===
===South America===
[[File:Jacuecanga Angra dos Reis Rio de Janeiro Brazil Brasfels.JPG|thumb|200px|Brasfels Shipyard – [[Rio de Janeiro]]]]
[[File:Jacuecanga Angra dos Reis Rio de Janeiro Brazil Brasfels.JPG|thumb|Brasfels Shipyard – [[Rio de Janeiro]]]]
* [[COTECMAR]] shipyard in [[Cartagena de Indias]], Colombia.
* [[COTECMAR]] shipyard in [[Cartagena de Indias]], Colombia.
* The [[DIANCA]] shipyard in [[Puerto Cabello]], Venezuela.
* The [[DIANCA]] shipyard in [[Puerto Cabello]], Venezuela.
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* [[Riga Shipyard]] is in [[Riga]], Latvia. Established in 1913 and revived after both world wars, it remains one of the largest shipyards in the Baltic region.
* [[Riga Shipyard]] is in [[Riga]], Latvia. Established in 1913 and revived after both world wars, it remains one of the largest shipyards in the Baltic region.
* [[Ferguson Shipbuilders]] is in [[Port Glasgow]] in [[inverclyde]] [[Scotland]] on the [[River Clyde]]. The Ferguson yard has been building ships for over a 110 years
* [[Ferguson Shipbuilders]] is in [[Port Glasgow]] in [[inverclyde]] [[Scotland]] on the [[River Clyde]]. The Ferguson yard has been building ships for over a 110 years
[[File:Girvan shipyard, Ayrshire.JPG|thumb|200px|[[Girvan]] shipyard Alexander Noble and son, [[Ayrshire]] [[Scotland]]]]
[[File:Girvan shipyard, Ayrshire.JPG|thumb|[[Girvan]] shipyard Alexander Noble and son, [[Ayrshire]] [[Scotland]]]]
[[File:Luftaufnahmen -Papenburg- 2013 by-RaBoe 076.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Meyer Werft]] shipyard in [[Papenburg]], Germany]]
[[File:Luftaufnahmen -Papenburg- 2013 by-RaBoe 076.jpg|thumb|[[Meyer Werft]] shipyard in [[Papenburg]], Germany]]
* [[BAE Systems Surface Ships]] operates three shipbuilding yards in the United Kingdom; [[Portsmouth]], England and [[Scotstoun]] and [[Govan]] on the [[River Clyde]] in [[Glasgow]], Scotland. Major projects include the [[Type 45 destroyer]] and the {{sclass|Queen Elizabeth|aircraft carrier|1}}s.
* [[BAE Systems Surface Ships]] operates three shipbuilding yards in the United Kingdom; [[Portsmouth]], England and [[Scotstoun]] and [[Govan]] on the [[River Clyde]] in [[Glasgow]], Scotland. Major projects include the [[Type 45 destroyer]] and the {{sclass|Queen Elizabeth|aircraft carrier|1}}s.
* [[BAE Systems Submarine Solutions]] operates a major shipyard at [[Barrow-in-Furness]] in [[Cumbria]], [[England]]. It is one of the few yards in the world capable of building [[nuclear submarines]] such as the Royal Navy's {{sclass|Vanguard|submarine|4}}. Preceding companies such as [[Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering]] have constructed hundreds of surface ships and civilian vessels in Barrow since the late 19th century.
* [[BAE Systems Submarine Solutions]] operates a major shipyard at [[Barrow-in-Furness]] in [[Cumbria]], [[England]]. It is one of the few yards in the world capable of building [[nuclear submarines]] such as the Royal Navy's {{sclass|Vanguard|submarine|4}}. Preceding companies such as [[Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering]] have constructed hundreds of surface ships and civilian vessels in Barrow since the late 19th century.
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* [[Meyer Turku]]
* [[Meyer Turku]]
* [[Rauma Marine Constructions]]
* [[Rauma Marine Constructions]]
[[File:LaNaval_de_Sestao.jpg|thumb|200px|LaNaval shipyard in [[Bilbao]], Spain]]
[[File:LaNaval_de_Sestao.jpg|thumb|LaNaval shipyard in [[Bilbao]], Spain]]
*
*
* The [[Meyer Werft|Meyer Werft GmbH]] is one of the major German shipyards, headquartered in [[Papenburg]] at the river [[Ems (river)|Ems]]. Founded in 1795 and starting with small wooden vessels, today Meyer Werft is one of world's leading builders of luxury passenger ships. Altogether about 700 ships of different types have been built at the yard.
* The [[Meyer Werft|Meyer Werft GmbH]] is one of the major German shipyards, headquartered in [[Papenburg]] at the river [[Ems (river)|Ems]]. Founded in 1795 and starting with small wooden vessels, today Meyer Werft is one of world's leading builders of luxury passenger ships. Altogether about 700 ships of different types have been built at the yard.
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* [[Lisnave]]: repair facilities in [[Setúbal]] ([[Lisbon]], Portugal)
* [[Lisnave]]: repair facilities in [[Setúbal]] ([[Lisbon]], Portugal)
*
*
*[[File:Tun Razak.JPG|thumb|200x200px|[[Navantia]]-[[Cartagena, Spain|Cartagena]] shipyard ([[Spain]])]] [[HMNB Devonport|Devonport Dockyard]], located in the city of [[Plymouth]], [[England]] in the county of [[Devon]] is the largest naval base in Western [[Europe]]. It has 15 [[dry dock]]s, {{convert|4|mi|km|spell=in}} of waterfront, 25 tidal berths, five basins and covers 650 acres (2.6 km<sup>2</sup>). It is the main refitting base for [[Royal Navy]] nuclear submarines and also handles work on frigates. It is the base for seven of the ''Trafalgar''-class nuclear-powered hunter-killer submarines and many frigates, exploiting its convenient access to the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. It supports the [[Current Royal Navy ships#Vanguard-class submarines|''Vanguard''-class]] [[Trident missile]] nuclear ballistic missile submarines in a custom-built refitting dock. It houses {{HMS|Courageous|S50|6}}, a nuclear-powered submarine used in the [[Falklands War]] and open to the general public.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hampshire-17924025|title=Submarine Museum marks Falklands 30th anniversary|publisher=BBC|date=2 May 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614200624/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hampshire-17924025|archive-date=14 June 2012}}</ref> Facilities in the local area also include a major naval training establishment and a base for the [[Royal Marines]].
*[[File:Tun Razak.JPG|thumb|[[Navantia]]-[[Cartagena, Spain|Cartagena]] shipyard ([[Spain]])]] [[HMNB Devonport|Devonport Dockyard]], located in the city of [[Plymouth]], [[England]] in the county of [[Devon]] is the largest naval base in Western [[Europe]]. It has 15 [[dry dock]]s, {{convert|4|mi|km|spell=in}} of waterfront, 25 tidal berths, five basins and covers 650 acres (2.6 km<sup>2</sup>). It is the main refitting base for [[Royal Navy]] nuclear submarines and also handles work on frigates. It is the base for seven of the ''Trafalgar''-class nuclear-powered hunter-killer submarines and many frigates, exploiting its convenient access to the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. It supports the [[Current Royal Navy ships#Vanguard-class submarines|''Vanguard''-class]] [[Trident missile]] nuclear ballistic missile submarines in a custom-built refitting dock. It houses {{HMS|Courageous|S50|6}}, a nuclear-powered submarine used in the [[Falklands War]] and open to the general public.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hampshire-17924025|title=Submarine Museum marks Falklands 30th anniversary|publisher=BBC|date=2 May 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614200624/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hampshire-17924025|archive-date=14 June 2012}}</ref> Facilities in the local area also include a major naval training establishment and a base for the [[Royal Marines]].
* [[Chatham Dockyard]], located on the [[River Medway]] in [[Kent]], was established as a royal dockyard by Queen [[Elizabeth I]] in 1567. For 414 years, the Dockyard provided over 500 ships for the Royal Navy, and was forefront of shipbuilding, industrial and architectural technology. At its height, it employed over 10,000 skilled artisans and covered 400 acres (1.6 km<sup>2</sup>). The dockyard closed in 1984, and most of the [[Georgian era|Georgian]] dockyard is now managed as a visitor attraction by the Chatham Historic Dockyard Trust.
* [[Chatham Dockyard]], located on the [[River Medway]] in [[Kent]], was established as a royal dockyard by Queen [[Elizabeth I]] in 1567. For 414 years, the Dockyard provided over 500 ships for the Royal Navy, and was forefront of shipbuilding, industrial and architectural technology. At its height, it employed over 10,000 skilled artisans and covered 400 acres (1.6 km<sup>2</sup>). The dockyard closed in 1984, and most of the [[Georgian era|Georgian]] dockyard is now managed as a visitor attraction by the Chatham Historic Dockyard Trust.
* [[Damen Group|Damen Shiprepair]] in [[Brest, France]]. It operates three [[Dry dock|drydocks]], up to {{convert|420|by|80|m}}.
* [[Damen Group|Damen Shiprepair]] in [[Brest, France]]. It operates three [[Dry dock|drydocks]], up to {{convert|420|by|80|m}}.
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===South Asia and the Middle East===
===South Asia and the Middle East===
[[File:Cochin Ship Yard Cranes.JPG|250px|thumb|right|Cranes in Cochin Shipyard ([[India]]).]]
[[File:Cochin Ship Yard Cranes.JPG|thumb|Cranes in Cochin Shipyard ([[India]]).]]
* [[FMC Dockyard]] is one of the largest shipyards in Bangladesh, located in [[Karnaphuli|Eastern Bank of the Karnaphuli river]] in [[Chittagong]]. The dockyard has its own forward and backward linkage. {{convert|106|x|26|m|adj=on}} Syncrolift and side transfer system.
* [[FMC Dockyard]] is one of the largest shipyards in Bangladesh, located in [[Karnaphuli|Eastern Bank of the Karnaphuli river]] in [[Chittagong]]. The dockyard has its own forward and backward linkage. {{convert|106|x|26|m|adj=on}} Syncrolift and side transfer system.
A shipyard, also called a dockyard or boatyard, is a place where ships are built and repaired. These can be yachts, military vessels, cruise liners or other cargo or passenger ships. Compared to shipyards, which are sometimes more involved with original construction, dockyards are sometimes more linked with maintenance and basing activities. The terms are routinely used interchangeably, in part because the evolution of dockyards and shipyards has often caused them to change or merge roles.
Shipyards are constructed near the sea or tidal rivers to allow easy access for their ships. The United Kingdom, for example, has shipyards on many of its rivers.
The site of a large shipyard will contain many specialised cranes, dry docks, slipways, dust-free warehouses, painting facilities and extremely large areas for fabrication of the ships. After a ship's useful life is over, it makes its final voyage to a ship-breaking yard, often on a beach in South Asia. Historically ship-breaking was carried out in drydock in developed countries, but high wages and environmental regulations have resulted in movement of the industry to third-world regions.
The oldest structure sometimes identified as a dockyardTemplate:Efn was built Template:Circa by the Indus Valley civilisation in the Harappan port city of Lothal (in present-day Gujarat, India).[1][2] Lothal engineers accorded high priority to the creation of a dockyard and a warehouse to serve the purposes of maritime trade. The name Naupactus, an ancient Greek city on the Gulf of Corinth, means "shipyard" (combination of the Greek words ναύς naus: "ship, boat"; and πήγνυμι pêgnumi, pegnymi: "builder, fixer").[3] Naupactus' reputation in this field extended back into legendary times – the site is traditionally identified by Greek authors such as Ephorus and Strabo as the place where a fleet was said to have been built by the legendary Heraclidae[4] Other early historical shipyards include Tel Abu Saifi, in the Northern Sinai, a 4th-century BCE, Ptolemaic Era, Egyptian dockyard, with two dry docks.[5]Narni was a shipyard of Ancient Rome.
In the Spanish city of Barcelona, the Drassanes shipyards were active from at least the mid-13th century until the 18th century, although at times they served as a barracks for troops as well as an arsenal. During their time of operation the Drassanes were continuously changed, rebuilt and modified, but two original towers and part of the original eight construction-naves remain today. From the 14th century, several hundred years before the Industrial Revolution, ships were the first items to be manufactured in a factory – in the Venice Arsenal of the Venetian Republic in present-day Italy. The Arsenal apparently mass-produced nearly one ship every day using pre-manufactured parts and assembly lines. At its height in the 16th century the enterprise employed 16,000 people. Spain built component ships of the Great Armada of 1588 at ports such as Algeciras or Málaga.[6] In the 17th and 18th centuries, shipyards developed in complexity, with yards such as Blackwall Yard (1614 to 1987), the Scotts Shipbuilding and Engineering Company in Greenock, Scotland (1711–1984) and the Kraljevica Shipyard (1729 and still operating) being established. Havana was long the only dockyard in the Caribbean during the colonial period, the Santísima Trinidad, the largest warship of its time, was built there in 1769. Royal Naval Dockyards in the UK also expanded at this time, (including Woolwich, Deptford, Chatham, Portsmouth and Devonport), Gibraltar, Bombay, Bermuda, Hong Kong and elsewhere worldwide. Similarly, other countries in this period include the Nantes-Indret yard in France (established in 1771 it built ships for the American Revolution including the Deane), Charlestown Navy Yard, later Boston Navy Yard, Boston, Massachusetts (1800 to 1974), the Navy Island, Ontario, Canada (French in the 18th century, then British 1763 to War of 1812), the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard (1799 to 1995), at two locations, and the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, located on Maine-New Hampshire border (1800 to present, making it the oldest continuously operating shipyard of the US Navy).
New shipyards were established after the war, a prominent example being the Gdańsk Shipyard in 1945, the birthplace of Solidarity Movement – (still a working yard). In the late 20th century, shipbuilding in countries such as the US and UK declined, with yards closing and new shipyards instead expanding in countries such as Japan, South Korea and China.[7][11] By the early 21st century, China became the worlds leading shipbuilder, with approximately 50% of global tonnage build at Chinese shipyards in 2023.[12] Since the early 2020s, shipyard capacity, design and infrastructure is changing in light of technological change and as the result of regulatory changes from the International Maritime Organization requiring ships to be built to operate more efficiently and with less pollution.[13]
Work in shipyards typically involves the construction, modification, retrofitting and repair of ships.[14] This varies according to the type of shipyard and if there are drydocks in the shipyard.[15] It may also involve ship breaking, although in the 21st century, most ship recycling takes place at the Alang Ship Breaking Yard in India, the Chittagong Ship Breaking Yard in Bangladesh and the Gadani Ship Breaking Yard in Pakistan.[16] Shipyards normally have industrial facilities for the production, assembly, and installation of materials. Shipyards normally have quays, jetties and slipways that include specific areas for launching, for repair and for outfitting work.[14] The work in the shipyard will typically involve activities such as the welding and cutting of steel, the use of cutting tools and other machine tools plumbing, electrical work, and the application, removal or renewal of paints and coatings.[17]
Work in the shipyard typically falls under the relevant national domestic health and safety legislation. Examples around the world include the US Shipyard Industry Standards, part of Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the UK workplace regulations of the UK Health and Safety Executive and the Industrial Safety and Health Act of Ministry of Employment and Labor in South Korea.[18][19][20] Work in shipyards can at times be considered dangerous.[21] Accidents in shipyards may involve falls from height,[20] as well as injuries from the use of tools and equipment, and from other hazards such as fire, explosion and pollution.[21] In the late 20th century, many shipyard workers have been affected by the legacy of asbestos use within shipyards, although the use of the material is often prohibited following greater understanding of the effects of asbestosis.[22] Hazards may also come from factors such as slips, trips, excessive-noise, high-pressure tools and impact tools such as needleguns and grinders.[23] To mitigate the dangers and hazards of shipyard work, many employ safe systems of work based on regulation, best practice and guidance, typically involve the control of processes and the use of risk assessments and similar methods of work.[15]
Davie Shipbuilding, (formerly Chantier Davie Canada Inc) in Lévis, Québec, is the oldest continually operating shipbuilder in North America.
Newport News Shipbuilding, (formerly Northrop Grumman Newport News) is the largest private ship builder in the US and the one best known for its unique capacity to build the Template:Sclasss.
Norfolk Naval Shipyard in Portsmouth, Virginia, is one of the largest shipyards in the world; specializing in repairing, overhauling and modernizing naval ships and submarines. It's the oldest and largest industrial facility that belongs to the United States Navy
Fincantieri – Cantieri Navali Italiani S.p.A.[24] is an Italian shipbuilding company based in Trieste, Italy. It was formed in 1959 and is the largest shipbuilder in Europe, and one of the largest in the world. The company has built both commercial and military vessels during its history.
The Meyer Werft GmbH is one of the major German shipyards, headquartered in Papenburg at the river Ems. Founded in 1795 and starting with small wooden vessels, today Meyer Werft is one of world's leading builders of luxury passenger ships. Altogether about 700 ships of different types have been built at the yard.
Navantia: major public Spanish shipbuilding firm, which offers its services to both military and civil sector in three industrial areas: Cartagena / Cádiz / Ferrol (headquarters: Madrid) and with recent important projects as Template:Sclass2 program and Template:Sclass2 submarine program
Construcciones Navales del Norte LaNaval, Sestao (Bilbao)
File:Tun Razak.JPGNavantia-Cartagena shipyard (Spain)Devonport Dockyard, located in the city of Plymouth, England in the county of Devon is the largest naval base in Western Europe. It has 15 dry docks, Template:Convert of waterfront, 25 tidal berths, five basins and covers 650 acres (2.6 km2). It is the main refitting base for Royal Navy nuclear submarines and also handles work on frigates. It is the base for seven of the Trafalgar-class nuclear-powered hunter-killer submarines and many frigates, exploiting its convenient access to the Atlantic Ocean. It supports the Vanguard-classTrident missile nuclear ballistic missile submarines in a custom-built refitting dock. It houses Template:HMS, a nuclear-powered submarine used in the Falklands War and open to the general public.[25] Facilities in the local area also include a major naval training establishment and a base for the Royal Marines.
Chatham Dockyard, located on the River Medway in Kent, was established as a royal dockyard by Queen Elizabeth I in 1567. For 414 years, the Dockyard provided over 500 ships for the Royal Navy, and was forefront of shipbuilding, industrial and architectural technology. At its height, it employed over 10,000 skilled artisans and covered 400 acres (1.6 km2). The dockyard closed in 1984, and most of the Georgian dockyard is now managed as a visitor attraction by the Chatham Historic Dockyard Trust.
Sunderland, County Durham a town once hailed as the "Largest Shipbuilding Town in the World".[26] ships were built at the Sunderland Docks from at least 1346[27] and by the mid-18th century Sunderland was one of the chief shipbuilding towns in the country.
Galați shipyard Galați is the largest naval shipyard on the Danube, given its strategic positioning inland but with access to the sea through either Sulina or Danube-Black Sea canal its output ranges from large tankers to research vessels, yachts and small coast guard patrol boats. The yard is known for taking on specialty projects and under Damen has completed over such 250 vessels since 1999.
The Black Sea Shipyard in Mykolaiv, Ukraine, is one of the largest shipyards in Europe, and is where all Soviet and Russian aircraft carriers were built.
Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding's Tamano Works builds bulk carriers, ore carriers, crude oil tankers, oil product carriers, LNG carriers, LPG carriers, reefers, container ships, pure car carriers, cargo ships, patrol vessels, ocean surveillance ships, training vessels, fishery patrol boats and fishing boats
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries's Nagasaki Shipyard & Machinery Works primarily produces specialized commercial vessels, including LNG carriers, oil tankers and passenger cruise ships
Hyundai Heavy IndustriesUlsan Shipyard & Gunsan shipyard, in South Korea, is currently the largest in the world and has the capability to build a variety of vessels including Commercial Cargo, FPSO offshore, container ship, LNG Carrier, Car carriers, Tankers like VLCC & ULCC, Iron ore carrier and Naval vessels like Aegis destroyers & submarines.
CSBC Corporation, Taiwan, in Taiwan, is a private company that produces ships for civilian and military use. It was a state-owned enterprise of Taiwan (Republic of China) but transitioned to private ownership via an IPO in 2008. It is headquartered in Kaohsiung and shipyards in Kaohsiung and Keelung.
Yantai Raffles Shipyard, in Yantai, China, is that country's largest offshore builder. It employs the 20,000 ton crane Taisun, the holder of the Heavy Lift World Record.[28] Yantai Raffles' portfolio includes offshore platforms, pipe lay and other specialized vessels.
Jiangnan Shipyard, in Shanghai, China, is a subsidiary of China State Shipbuilding Corporation that produces both military and civilian ships. Its headquarters and main shipyard are based in Shanghai, with subsidiary shipyards in Shanghai and Chongqing.
Bason Shipyard, in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, is a long-standing builder that was established by the French government in April 1863 to repair warships and merchant vessels. Aside from its main function of building and repairing naval vessels, Bason also offers service to local and foreign customers from Southeast Asia and Europe.[30]
Western Marine Shipyard, a leading shipyard in Bangladesh based in Chittagong. The shipyard has been exporting ships and vessels to a number of European, Asian and African countries.
Khulna Shipyard is the oldest shipyard in Bangladesh, situated in Khulna. It mainly produces warships for Bangladesh Navy. Recently it also started to build commercial vessels like cargo ship, container, oil tanker for local buyers.
Pipavav Shipyard in Gujarat, India, is the leading, modern and largest engineering facility in the business of ships and offshore platforms construction, repair and conversion, heavy engineering and offshore engineering in South Asia.
Colombo Dockyard in Colombo, Sri Lanka, is the largest engineering facility in the business of ship repair, shipbuilding, heavy engineering and offshore engineering in Sri Lanka.
Mazagaon Dockyard, operated by state-owned Mazagaon Dock Limited, is one of India's largest shipyards. It constructs a variety of ships both for the defence and civilian sector. The dockyard is known for constructing Britain's Template:HMS. Currently the shipyard is building three Template:Sclasss and three Template:Sclasss for the Indian Navy.
The beach at Alang in the Indian state of Gujarat is the site of a large complex of shipbreaking yards. In 2010, the yard dismantled 357 ships; on average the yard processes 28–30 ships a month.[31]
The Jebel Ali and Dubai ports in the UAE are capable of handling, constructing and repairing large ships. They also provide dry dock facilities.[32]
The gate 7 of Shuwaikh port in the Kuwait has facility for repairing ships. They also provide dry dock facilities.[33]
Shipbuilding History – extensive collection of information about North American shipyards, including over 500 pages of US shipyard construction records
