Corymbia: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Corymbia intermedia capsules.jpg|thumb|Fruit of ''[[Corymbia intermedia]]'']] | [[File:Corymbia intermedia capsules.jpg|thumb|Fruit of ''[[Corymbia intermedia]]'']] | ||
'''''Corymbia''''', commonly known as '''bloodwoods''',<ref name="Telopea">{{Cite journal | | '''''Corymbia''''', commonly known as '''bloodwoods''',<ref name="Telopea">{{Cite journal |last1=Hill |first1=Kenneth D. |last2=Johnson |first2=Lawrence A.S. |date=13 December 1995 |title=Systematic studies in the eucalypts. 7. A revision of the bloodwoods, genus ''Corymbia'' (Myrtaceae) |journal=Telopea |volume=6 |issue=2–3 |pages=185–504 |doi=10.7751/telopea19953017 |bibcode=1995Telop...6..185H |doi-access=free}}</ref> is a genus of about one hundred species of tree that, along with ''[[Eucalyptus]]'', ''[[Angophora]]'' and several smaller groups, are referred to as [[eucalypts]]. Until 1990, corymbias were included in the genus ''Eucalyptus'' and there is still considerable disagreement among botanists as to whether separating them is valid. As of January 2020, ''Corymbia'' is an accepted name at the [[Australian Plant Census]]. | ||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
Eucalypts in the genus ''Corymbia'' are trees, sometimes [[Mallee (habit)|mallee]]-like, that either have rough, fibrous or flaky bark, or smooth bark that is shed in small flakes or short strips. Young plants and [[coppice]] regrowth have leaves that differ from adult leaves. The adult leaves are arranged alternately (strictly disjunct opposite, but appearing alternate), with oil glands. The flower buds are arranged in groups on a branching [[Peduncle (botany)|peduncle]], each branch usually with seven buds, but with the [[Pedicel (botany)|pedicels]] of differing lengths, so that the [[inflorescence]] is flat-topped or convex. The [[Stamen#Morphology and terminology|anthers]] are joined to the [[Stamen|filament]] at their mid-point and open by parallel slits. As in ''Eucalyptus'', the five [[sepal]]s are fused to form an outer calyptra (or [[Operculum (botany)|operculum]]) and the five petals an inner calyptra, the two calyptra being shed separately or together as the flower opens. Also as in ''Eucalyptus'' the fruit is usually a woody [[Capsule (botany)|capsule]], but in this case the disc is always depressed and the valves are always enclosed.<ref name="Telopea" /><ref name="FloraBase">{{FloraBase|name=''Corymbia''|id=21820}}</ref><ref name="RBGS">{{Cite web |last=Hill |first=Ken |title=''Corymbia'' |url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=gn&name=Corymbia |access-date=28 January 2020 |publisher=Royal Botanic Garden Sydney}}</ref><ref name="RBGV">{{Cite web | | Eucalypts in the genus ''Corymbia'' are trees, sometimes [[Mallee (habit)|mallee]]-like, that either have rough, fibrous or flaky bark, or smooth bark that is shed in small flakes or short strips. Young plants and [[coppice]] regrowth have leaves that differ from adult leaves. The adult leaves are arranged alternately (strictly disjunct opposite, but appearing alternate), with oil glands. The flower buds are arranged in groups on a branching [[Peduncle (botany)|peduncle]], each branch usually with seven buds, but with the [[Pedicel (botany)|pedicels]] of differing lengths, so that the [[inflorescence]] is flat-topped or convex. The [[Stamen#Morphology and terminology|anthers]] are joined to the [[Stamen|filament]] at their mid-point and open by parallel slits. As in ''Eucalyptus'', the five [[sepal]]s are fused to form an outer calyptra (or [[Operculum (botany)|operculum]]) and the five petals an inner calyptra, the two calyptra being shed separately or together as the flower opens. Also as in ''Eucalyptus'' the fruit is usually a woody [[Capsule (botany)|capsule]], but in this case the disc is always depressed and the valves are always enclosed.<ref name="Telopea" /><ref name="FloraBase">{{FloraBase|name=''Corymbia''|id=21820}}</ref><ref name="RBGS">{{Cite web |last=Hill |first=Ken |title=''Corymbia'' |url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=gn&name=Corymbia |access-date=28 January 2020 |publisher=Royal Botanic Garden Sydney}}</ref><ref name="RBGV">{{Cite web |last1=Messina |first1=Andre |last2=Stajsic |first2=Val |title=''Corymbia'' |url=https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/77be5475-a381-46ef-8a7e-2f0fd4666b1f |access-date=28 January 2020 |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria}}</ref> | ||
==Taxonomy and naming== | ==Taxonomy and naming== | ||
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Botanists Ken Hill and Lawrie Johnson were the first to define the genus ''Corymbia'' in 1995, identifying the bloodwoods, ghost gums and spotted gums as a group distinct from ''Eucalyptus''.<ref name="Telopea" /> | Botanists Ken Hill and Lawrie Johnson were the first to define the genus ''Corymbia'' in 1995, identifying the bloodwoods, ghost gums and spotted gums as a group distinct from ''Eucalyptus''.<ref name="Telopea" /> | ||
Since 1995, there have been ongoing investigations into the relationships between the genera. Genetic analysis of ETS and ITS sequences of DNA in 2006 by Carlos Parra-O and colleagues of 67 taxa (47 of which were within ''Corymbia'') yielded ''Corymbia'' and ''Angophora'' as each other's closest relatives, with the genus ''Eucalyptus'' as an earlier offshoot. The small genera ''[[Eucalyptopsis]]'', ''[[Stockwellia]]'' and ''[[Allosyncarpia]]'' formed a [[clade]] which arose earlier still.<ref>{{Cite journal | | Since 1995, there have been ongoing investigations into the relationships between the genera. Genetic analysis of ETS and ITS sequences of DNA in 2006 by Carlos Parra-O and colleagues of 67 taxa (47 of which were within ''Corymbia'') yielded ''Corymbia'' and ''Angophora'' as each other's closest relatives, with the genus ''Eucalyptus'' as an earlier offshoot. The small genera ''[[Eucalyptopsis]]'', ''[[Stockwellia]]'' and ''[[Allosyncarpia]]'' formed a [[clade]] which arose earlier still.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Parra-O., Carlos |last2=Bayly, Michael |last3=Udovicic, Frank |last4=Ladiges, Pauline |year=2006 |title=ETS sequences support the monophyly of the eucalypt genus ''Corymbia'' (Myrtaceae) |journal=Taxon |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=653–63 |doi=10.2307/25065641 |jstor=25065641 |bibcode=2006Taxon..55..653P }}</ref> In 2009, Parra-O and colleagues added more taxa and published a combined analysis of nuclear rDNA (ETS + ITS) and morphological characters published to clarify relationships within the genus. This confirmed two main clades, which they defined as the subgenera ''Corymbia'' and ''Blakella''.<ref name="ASGAP">{{Cite web |last=Barrow |first=Jim |title=''Corymbia'', ''Corymbia'' ... wherefore art thou ''Corymbia''? |url=http://anpsa.org.au/APOL19/sep00-3.html |access-date=28 January 2020 |publisher=Association of Societies for Growing Australian Plants}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Parra-O. |first1=C. |last2=Bayly |first2=M. J. |last3=Drinnan |first3=A. |last4=Udovicic |first4=F. |last5=Ladiges |first5=P. |year=2009 |title=Phylogeny, major clades and infrageneric classification of ''Corymbia''(Myrtaceae), based on nuclear ribosomal DNA and morphology |journal=Australian Systematic Botany |volume=22 |issue=5 |pages=384–399 |doi=10.1071/SB09028 |bibcode=2009AuSyB..22..384P }}</ref> | ||
==Species list== | ==Species list== | ||
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==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
Species of ''Corymbia'' occur in all mainland states of Australia and in the Northern Territory. There are about 100 species, all [[Endemism|endemic]] to Australia except for four species that also occur in New Guinea, and one that is endemic to that | Species of ''Corymbia'' occur in all mainland states of Australia and in the Northern Territory. There are about 100 species, all [[Endemism|endemic]] to Australia except for four species that also occur in New Guinea, and one that is endemic to that island.<ref name="APC" /><ref name="RBGS" /> | ||
<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
Latest revision as of 02:05, 19 November 2025
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Corymbia, commonly known as bloodwoods,[1] is a genus of about one hundred species of tree that, along with Eucalyptus, Angophora and several smaller groups, are referred to as eucalypts. Until 1990, corymbias were included in the genus Eucalyptus and there is still considerable disagreement among botanists as to whether separating them is valid. As of January 2020, Corymbia is an accepted name at the Australian Plant Census.
Description
Eucalypts in the genus Corymbia are trees, sometimes mallee-like, that either have rough, fibrous or flaky bark, or smooth bark that is shed in small flakes or short strips. Young plants and coppice regrowth have leaves that differ from adult leaves. The adult leaves are arranged alternately (strictly disjunct opposite, but appearing alternate), with oil glands. The flower buds are arranged in groups on a branching peduncle, each branch usually with seven buds, but with the pedicels of differing lengths, so that the inflorescence is flat-topped or convex. The anthers are joined to the filament at their mid-point and open by parallel slits. As in Eucalyptus, the five sepals are fused to form an outer calyptra (or operculum) and the five petals an inner calyptra, the two calyptra being shed separately or together as the flower opens. Also as in Eucalyptus the fruit is usually a woody capsule, but in this case the disc is always depressed and the valves are always enclosed.[1][2][3][4]
Taxonomy and naming
The genus Corymbia was first formally described in 1995 by Ken Hill and Lawrie Johnson in the journal Telopea. The type species is C. gummifera.[5][1] The genus name, Corymbia is from the Latin word corymbus, meaning "a corymb".[6]
The bloodwoods had been recognised as a distinct group within the large and diverse genus Eucalyptus since 1867. Molecular research in the 1990s, however, showed that they, along with the rest of the section Corymbia, are more closely related to Angophora than to Eucalyptus, and are now regarded as a separate genus by the Australian Plant Census.[7] All three genera, Angophora, Corymbia and Eucalyptus, are closely related, and are generally referred to as "eucalypts".[8][9]
Botanists Ken Hill and Lawrie Johnson were the first to define the genus Corymbia in 1995, identifying the bloodwoods, ghost gums and spotted gums as a group distinct from Eucalyptus.[1]
Since 1995, there have been ongoing investigations into the relationships between the genera. Genetic analysis of ETS and ITS sequences of DNA in 2006 by Carlos Parra-O and colleagues of 67 taxa (47 of which were within Corymbia) yielded Corymbia and Angophora as each other's closest relatives, with the genus Eucalyptus as an earlier offshoot. The small genera Eucalyptopsis, Stockwellia and Allosyncarpia formed a clade which arose earlier still.[10] In 2009, Parra-O and colleagues added more taxa and published a combined analysis of nuclear rDNA (ETS + ITS) and morphological characters published to clarify relationships within the genus. This confirmed two main clades, which they defined as the subgenera Corymbia and Blakella.[8][11]
Species list
Distribution
Species of Corymbia occur in all mainland states of Australia and in the Northern Territory. There are about 100 species, all endemic to Australia except for four species that also occur in New Guinea, and one that is endemic to that island.[7][3]
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Corymbia, capsules (fruit)
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Corymbia flowers
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Corymbia capsules (fruit)
References
External links
- Lucid Online Player - EUCLID Eucalypts of Australia (Multi-access key to 917 species/subspecies taxonomy as of December 2009, Includes Corymbias and Angophoras.)
- A New Name for the Bloodwood and Ghost Gum Eucalypts
- Currency Creek Arboretum Eucalypt Research at Currency Creek Arboretum
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