Cyathea: Difference between revisions
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{{distinguish|Cyathium|Cyathus}} | {{distinguish|Cyathium|Cyathus}} | ||
{{automatic taxobox | {{automatic taxobox | ||
| fossil_range = <br/>[[Early Cretaceous]] – [[Holocene|Present]], {{fossilrange|125.77|0}}<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Smith; Rothwell; Stockey |first1=S.Y, , G.W. , R.A. |title=Cyathea cranhamii sp. nov. (Cyatheaceae), anatomically preserved tree fern sori from the Lower Cretaceous of Vancouver Island, British Columbia |journal=American Journal of Botany |date=2003 |volume=90 |issue=5 |pages=755–760 |doi=10.3732/ajb.90.5.755 |pmid=21659172 |url=https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.3732/ajb.90.5.755|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Possible Early [[Jurassic]] record.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Regional stratigraphic table of northern China, Nei Monggol |journal=Geological Publishing House |date=1978}}</ref> | | fossil_range = <br />[[Early Cretaceous]] – [[Holocene|Present]], {{fossilrange|125.77|0}}<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Smith; Rothwell; Stockey |first1=S.Y, , G.W. , R.A. |title=Cyathea cranhamii sp. nov. (Cyatheaceae), anatomically preserved tree fern sori from the Lower Cretaceous of Vancouver Island, British Columbia |journal=American Journal of Botany |date=2003 |volume=90 |issue=5 |pages=755–760 |doi=10.3732/ajb.90.5.755 |pmid=21659172 |url=https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.3732/ajb.90.5.755|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Possible Early [[Jurassic]] record.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Regional stratigraphic table of northern China, Nei Monggol |journal=Geological Publishing House |date=1978}}</ref> | ||
| image = Cyathea.jpg | | image = Cyathea.jpg | ||
| taxon = Cyathea | | taxon = Cyathea | ||
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==Description== | ==Description== | ||
The species of ''Cyathea'' are mostly terrestrial ferns, usually with a single tall stem. Rarely, the trunk may be branched or creeping. Many species also develop a fibrous mass of roots at the base of the trunk. | The species of ''Cyathea'' are mostly terrestrial ferns, usually with a single tall stem. Rarely, the trunk may be branched or creeping. Many species also develop a fibrous mass of roots at the base of the trunk.{{cn|date=June 2025}} | ||
The genus has a [[pantropical]] distribution, with over 470 species. They grow in habitats ranging from [[tropical rain forest]]s to [[temperate woodland]]s. | The genus has a [[pantropical]] distribution, with over 470 species. They grow in habitats ranging from [[tropical rain forest]]s to [[temperate woodland]]s.{{cn|date=June 2025}} | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
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{{As of|2021|July}}, World Ferns (Version 12.3) accepted the following species:<ref name=WF_85>{{Citation |last1=Hassler |first1=Michael |date=2004–2021 |title=Genus ''Cyathea'' J.E.Sm. |website=World Ferns. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. Version 12.3 |url=https://www.worldplants.de/world-ferns/ferns-and-lycophytes-list#g-85 |access-date=2021-07-25 }}</ref> | {{As of|2021|July}}, World Ferns (Version 12.3) accepted the following species:<ref name=WF_85>{{Citation |last1=Hassler |first1=Michael |date=2004–2021 |title=Genus ''Cyathea'' J.E.Sm. |website=World Ferns. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. Version 12.3 |url=https://www.worldplants.de/world-ferns/ferns-and-lycophytes-list#g-85 |access-date=2021-07-25 }}</ref> | ||
{{div col|colwidth=18em}} | {{div col|colwidth=18em}} | ||
*''[[Cyathea abbreviata]]'' <small>I.Fernald</small> | * ''[[Cyathea abbreviata]]'' <small>I.Fernald</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea abrapatriciana]]'' <small>Lehnert & A.Tejedor</small> | * ''[[Cyathea abrapatriciana]]'' <small>Lehnert & A.Tejedor</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea acantha]]'' <small>(Sehnem) Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea acantha]]'' <small>(Sehnem) Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea acutidens]]'' <small>(Christ) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea acutidens]]'' <small>(Christ) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea aemula]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea aemula]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea affinis]]'' <small>(G.Forst.) Sw.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea affinis]]'' <small>(G.Forst.) Sw.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea akawaiorum]]'' <small>P.J.Edwards</small> | * ''[[Cyathea akawaiorum]]'' <small>P.J.Edwards</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea alata]]'' <small>(E.Fourn.) Copel.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea alata]]'' <small>(E.Fourn.) Copel.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea alatissima]]'' <small>(Stolze) Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea alatissima]]'' <small>(Stolze) Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea alfonsiana]]'' <small>L.D.Gómez</small> | * ''[[Cyathea alfonsiana]]'' <small>L.D.Gómez</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea alsophiloides]]'' <small>S.Maciel & Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea alsophiloides]]'' <small>S.Maciel & Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea alstonii]]'' <small>R.M.Tryon</small> | * ''[[Cyathea alstonii]]'' <small>R.M.Tryon</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea amabilis]]'' <small>(C.V.Morton) Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea amabilis]]'' <small>(C.V.Morton) Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea andaquiensis]]'' <small>Lehnert, F.Giraldo & W.Rodríguez</small> | * ''[[Cyathea andaquiensis]]'' <small>Lehnert, F.Giraldo & W.Rodríguez</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea andicola]]'' <small>Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea andicola]]'' <small>Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea andina]]'' <small>(H.Karst.) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea andina]]'' <small>(H.Karst.) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea angelica]]'' <small>A.Tejedor & G.Calat.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea angelica]]'' <small>A.Tejedor & G.Calat.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea antioquensis]]'' <small>A.Rojas</small> | * ''[[Cyathea antioquensis]]'' <small>A.Rojas</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea arborea]]'' <small>(L.) Sm.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea arborea]]'' <small>(L.) Sm.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea aristata]]'' <small>Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea aristata]]'' <small>Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea armata]]'' <small>(Sw.) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea armata]]'' <small>(Sw.) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea arnecornelii]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea arnecornelii]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea ars]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea ars]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea aspera]]'' <small>(L.) Sw.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea aspera]]'' <small>(L.) Sw.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea asplenioides]]'' <small>(A.C.Sm.) Christenh.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea asplenioides]]'' <small>(A.C.Sm.) Christenh.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea assurgens]]'' <small>R.M.Tryon</small> | * ''[[Cyathea assurgens]]'' <small>R.M.Tryon</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea atahuallpa]]'' <small>(R.M.Tryon) Lellinger</small> | * ''[[Cyathea atahuallpa]]'' <small>(R.M.Tryon) Lellinger</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea aterrima]]'' <small>(Hook.) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea aterrima]]'' <small>(Hook.) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea atrocastanea]]'' <small>Labiak & F.B.Matos</small> | * ''[[Cyathea atrocastanea]]'' <small>Labiak & F.B.Matos</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea atrovirens]]'' <small>(Langsd. & Fisch.) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea atrovirens]]'' <small>(Langsd. & Fisch.) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea aurea]]'' <small>Klotzsch</small> | * ''[[Cyathea aurea]]'' <small>Klotzsch</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea austroamericana]]'' <small>Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea austroamericana]]'' <small>Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea austropallescens]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea austropallescens]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea axillaris]]'' <small>(Raddi) Lellinger</small> | * ''[[Cyathea axillaris]]'' <small>(Raddi) Lellinger</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea azuayensis]]'' <small>Sodiro</small> | * ''[[Cyathea azuayensis]]'' <small>Sodiro</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea barringtonii]]'' <small>A.R.Sm. ex Lellinger</small> | * ''[[Cyathea barringtonii]]'' <small>A.R.Sm. ex Lellinger</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea bella]]'' <small>(Rchb.fil. ex Mett.) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea bella]]'' <small>(Rchb.fil. ex Mett.) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea bettinae]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea bettinae]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea bicrenata]]'' <small>Liebm.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea bicrenata]]'' <small>Liebm.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea biliranensis]]'' <small>Copel.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea biliranensis]]'' <small>Copel.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea bipinnata]]'' <small>(R.M.Tryon) R.C.Moran</small> | * ''[[Cyathea bipinnata]]'' <small>(R.M.Tryon) R.C.Moran</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea bipinnatifida]]'' <small>(Baker) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea bipinnatifida]]'' <small>(Baker) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea boconensis]]'' <small>H.Karst.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea boconensis]]'' <small>H.Karst.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea borinquena]]'' <small>(Maxon) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea borinquena]]'' <small>(Maxon) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea boryana]]'' <small>(Kuhn) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea boryana]]'' <small>(Kuhn) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea bradei]]'' <small>(P.G.Windisch) Lellinger</small> | * ''[[Cyathea bradei]]'' <small>(P.G.Windisch) Lellinger</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea brucei]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea brucei]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea brunnescens]]'' <small>(Barrington) R.C.Moran</small> | * ''[[Cyathea brunnescens]]'' <small>(Barrington) R.C.Moran</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea calamitatis]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea calamitatis]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea callejasii]]'' <small>Lehnert, F.Giraldo & A.Tejedor</small> | * ''[[Cyathea callejasii]]'' <small>Lehnert, F.Giraldo & A.Tejedor</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea caracasana]]'' <small>(Klotzsch) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea caracasana]]'' <small>(Klotzsch) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea cardenasii]]'' <small>Lehnert, F.Giraldo & W.Rodríguez</small> | * ''[[Cyathea cardenasii]]'' <small>Lehnert, F.Giraldo & W.Rodríguez</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea carolihenrici]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea carolihenrici]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea carolinae]]'' <small>A.Tejedor & G.Calat.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea carolinae]]'' <small>A.Tejedor & G.Calat.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea catacampta]]'' <small>Alston</small> | * ''[[Cyathea catacampta]]'' <small>Alston</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea catenata]]'' <small>Lehnert, F.Giraldo & W.Rodríguez</small> | * ''[[Cyathea catenata]]'' <small>Lehnert, F.Giraldo & W.Rodríguez</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea cervantesiana]]'' <small>A.Rojas</small> | * ''[[Cyathea cervantesiana]]'' <small>A.Rojas</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea chimaera]]'' <small>Lehnert & A.Tejedor</small> | * ''[[Cyathea chimaera]]'' <small>Lehnert & A.Tejedor</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea chimborazensis]]'' <small>(Hook.) Hieron.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea chimborazensis]]'' <small>(Hook.) Hieron.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea chiricana]]'' <small>(Maxon) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea chiricana]]'' <small>(Maxon) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea chocoensis]]'' <small>(Stolze) Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea chocoensis]]'' <small>(Stolze) Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea chontilla]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea chontilla]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea choricarpa]]'' <small>(Maxon) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea choricarpa]]'' <small>(Maxon) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea cicatricosa]]'' <small>Holttum</small> | * ''[[Cyathea cicatricosa]]'' <small>Holttum</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea cisandina]]'' <small>A.Tejedor & G.Calat.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea cisandina]]'' <small>A.Tejedor & G.Calat.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea clandestina]]'' <small>Lehnert, F.Giraldo & A.Tejedor</small> | * ''[[Cyathea clandestina]]'' <small>Lehnert, F.Giraldo & A.Tejedor</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea cnemidaria]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea cnemidaria]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea cocleana]]'' <small>(Stolze) Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea cocleana]]'' <small>(Stolze) Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea coloradoana]]'' <small>Lehnert, F.Giraldo & W.Rodríguez</small> | * ''[[Cyathea coloradoana]]'' <small>Lehnert, F.Giraldo & W.Rodríguez</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea concinna]]'' <small>(Baker) Jenman</small> | * ''[[Cyathea concinna]]'' <small>(Baker) Jenman</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea concordia]]'' <small>B.León & R.C.Moran</small> | * ''[[Cyathea concordia]]'' <small>B.León & R.C.Moran</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea conformis]]'' <small>(R.M.Tryon) Stolze</small> | * ''[[Cyathea conformis]]'' <small>(R.M.Tryon) Stolze</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea conjugata]]'' <small>(Spruce ex Hook.) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea conjugata]]'' <small>(Spruce ex Hook.) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea conquisita]]'' <small>Jenman</small> | * ''[[Cyathea conquisita]]'' <small>Jenman</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea consimilis]]'' <small>(Stolze) Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea consimilis]]'' <small>(Stolze) Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea convergens]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea convergens]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea corallifera]]'' <small>Sodiro</small> | * ''[[Cyathea corallifera]]'' <small>Sodiro</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea corcovadensis]]'' <small>(Raddi) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea corcovadensis]]'' <small>(Raddi) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea costaricensis]]'' <small>(Mett. ex Kuhn) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea costaricensis]]'' <small>(Mett. ex Kuhn) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea croftii]]'' <small>Holttum</small> | * ''[[Cyathea croftii]]'' <small>Holttum</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea cruciata]]'' <small>(Desv.) Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea cruciata]]'' <small>(Desv.) Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea ctenitoides]]'' <small>(Lellinger) Christenh.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea ctenitoides]]'' <small>(Lellinger) Christenh.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea cumingii]]'' <small>Baker</small> | * ''[[Cyathea cumingii]]'' <small>Baker</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea cyatheoides]]'' <small>(Desv.) K.U.Kramer</small> | * ''[[Cyathea cyatheoides]]'' <small>(Desv.) K.U.Kramer</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea cyclodium]]'' <small>(R.M.Tryon) Lellinger</small> | * ''[[Cyathea cyclodium]]'' <small>(R.M.Tryon) Lellinger</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea cylindrica]]'' <small>S.Maciel & Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea cylindrica]]'' <small>S.Maciel & Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea cystolepis]]'' <small>Sodiro</small> | * ''[[Cyathea cystolepis]]'' <small>Sodiro</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea darienensis]]'' <small>R.C.Moran</small> | * ''[[Cyathea darienensis]]'' <small>R.C.Moran</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea decomposita]]'' <small>(H.Karst.) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea decomposita]]'' <small>(H.Karst.) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea decorata]]'' <small>(Maxon) R.M.Tryon</small> | * ''[[Cyathea decorata]]'' <small>(Maxon) R.M.Tryon</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea decurrens]]'' <small>(Hook.) Copel.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea decurrens]]'' <small>(Hook.) Copel.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea decurrentiloba]]'' <small>Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea decurrentiloba]]'' <small>Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea dejecta]]'' <small>(Baker) Christenh.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea dejecta]]'' <small>(Baker) Christenh.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea delgadii]]'' <small>Pohl ex Sternb.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea delgadii]]'' <small>Pohl ex Sternb.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea demissa]]'' <small>(C.V.Morton) A.R.Sm. ex Lellinger</small> | * ''[[Cyathea demissa]]'' <small>(C.V.Morton) A.R.Sm. ex Lellinger</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea diabolica]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea diabolica]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea dichromatolepis]]'' <small>(Fée) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea dichromatolepis]]'' <small>(Fée) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea dintelmannii]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea dintelmannii]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea dissimilis]]'' <small>(C.V.Morton) Stolze</small> | * ''[[Cyathea dissimilis]]'' <small>(C.V.Morton) Stolze</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea dissoluta]]'' <small>Baker</small> | * ''[[Cyathea dissoluta]]'' <small>Baker</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea divergens]]'' <small>Kunze</small> | * ''[[Cyathea divergens]]'' <small>Kunze</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea dombeyi]]'' <small>(Desv.) Lellinger</small> | * ''[[Cyathea dombeyi]]'' <small>(Desv.) Lellinger</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea dudleyi]]'' <small>R.M.Tryon</small> | * ''[[Cyathea dudleyi]]'' <small>R.M.Tryon</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea dyeri]]'' <small>Sodiro</small> | * ''[[Cyathea dyeri]]'' <small>Sodiro</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea ebenina]]'' <small>H.Karst.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea ebenina]]'' <small>H.Karst.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea eggersii]]'' <small>Hieron.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea eggersii]]'' <small>Hieron.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea elliottii]]'' <small>Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea elliottii]]'' <small>Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea epaleata]]'' <small>(Holttum) Holttum</small> | * ''[[Cyathea epaleata]]'' <small>(Holttum) Holttum</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea estelae]]'' <small>(Riba) Proctor</small> | * ''[[Cyathea estelae]]'' <small>(Riba) Proctor</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea estevesorum]]'' <small>A.Tejedor & G.Calat.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea estevesorum]]'' <small>A.Tejedor & G.Calat.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea ewanii]]'' <small>Alston</small> | * ''[[Cyathea ewanii]]'' <small>Alston</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea falcata]]'' <small>(Mett. ex Kuhn) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea falcata]]'' <small>(Mett. ex Kuhn) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea feeana]]'' <small>(C.Chr.) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea feeana]]'' <small>(C.Chr.) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea flava]]'' <small>(R.M.Tryon) Christenh.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea flava]]'' <small>(R.M.Tryon) Christenh.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea frigida]]'' <small>(H.Karst.) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea frigida]]'' <small>(H.Karst.) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea fulva]]'' <small>(M.Martens & Galeotti) Fée</small> | * ''[[Cyathea fulva]]'' <small>(M.Martens & Galeotti) Fée</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea gibbosa]]'' <small>(Klotzsch) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea gibbosa]]'' <small>(Klotzsch) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea giraldoi]]'' <small>A.Tejedor, G.Calat., Lehnert, W.D.Rodr. & M.Kessler</small> | * ''[[Cyathea giraldoi]]'' <small>A.Tejedor, G.Calat., Lehnert, W.D.Rodr. & M.Kessler</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea glandulifera]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea glandulifera]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea glaziovii]]'' <small>Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea glaziovii]]'' <small>Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea godmanii]]'' <small>(Hook.) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea godmanii]]'' <small>(Hook.) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea gracilis]]'' <small>Griseb.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea gracilis]]'' <small>Griseb.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea grandifolia]]'' <small>Willd.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea grandifolia]]'' <small>Willd.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea grantii]]'' <small>Copel.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea grantii]]'' <small>Copel.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea grata]]'' <small>Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea grata]]'' <small>Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea gratissima]]'' <small>A.Tejedor & G.Calat.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea gratissima]]'' <small>A.Tejedor & G.Calat.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea grayumii]]'' <small>A.Rojas</small> | * ''[[Cyathea grayumii]]'' <small>A.Rojas</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea guentheriana]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea guentheriana]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea harrisii]]'' <small>Underw.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea harrisii]]'' <small>Underw.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea haughtii]]'' <small>(Maxon) R.M.Tryon</small> | * ''[[Cyathea haughtii]]'' <small>(Maxon) R.M.Tryon</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea hemiepiphytica]]'' <small>R.C.Moran</small> | * ''[[Cyathea hemiepiphytica]]'' <small>R.C.Moran</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea herzogii]]'' <small>Rosenst.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea herzogii]]'' <small>Rosenst.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea hierbabuena]]'' <small>A.Tejedor & G.Calat.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea hierbabuena]]'' <small>A.Tejedor & G.Calat.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea hirsuta]]'' <small>C.Presl</small> | * ''[[Cyathea hirsuta]]'' <small>C.Presl</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea hirsutissima]]'' <small>(Fée) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea hirsutissima]]'' <small>(Fée) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea hodgeana]]'' <small>Proctor</small> | * ''[[Cyathea hodgeana]]'' <small>Proctor</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea holdridgeana]]'' <small>Nisman & L.D.Gómez</small> | * ''[[Cyathea holdridgeana]]'' <small>Nisman & L.D.Gómez</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea horrida]]'' <small>(L.) Sm.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea horrida]]'' <small>(L.) Sm.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea howeana]]'' <small>Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea howeana]]'' <small>Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea hymenophylloides]]'' <small>(L.D.Gómez) Christenh.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea hymenophylloides]]'' <small>(L.D.Gómez) Christenh.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea iheringii]]'' <small>(Rosenst.) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea iheringii]]'' <small>(Rosenst.) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea impar]]'' <small>R.M.Tryon</small> | * ''[[Cyathea impar]]'' <small>R.M.Tryon</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea incognita]]'' <small>(Lellinger) Christenh.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea incognita]]'' <small>(Lellinger) Christenh.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea indefinita]]'' <small>S.Maciel & J.Prado</small> | * ''[[Cyathea indefinita]]'' <small>S.Maciel & J.Prado</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea jacobsii]]'' <small>Holttum</small> | * ''[[Cyathea jacobsii]]'' <small>Holttum</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea jamaicensis]]'' <small>Jenman</small> | * ''[[Cyathea jamaicensis]]'' <small>Jenman</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea kalbreyeri]]'' <small>(Baker) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea kalbreyeri]]'' <small>(Baker) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea karsteniana]]'' <small>(Klotzsch) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea karsteniana]]'' <small>(Klotzsch) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea kessleriana]]'' <small>Lehnert, F.Giraldo & A.Tejedor</small> | * ''[[Cyathea kessleriana]]'' <small>Lehnert, F.Giraldo & A.Tejedor</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea lasiosora]]'' <small>(Mett. ex Kuhn) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea lasiosora]]'' <small>(Mett. ex Kuhn) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea latevagans]]'' <small>(Baker) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea latevagans]]'' <small>(Baker) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea lechleri]]'' <small>Mett.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea lechleri]]'' <small>Mett.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea lehnertii]]'' <small>A.Tejedor & G.Calat.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea lehnertii]]'' <small>A.Tejedor & G.Calat.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea lellingeriana]]'' <small>S.Maciel & J.Prado</small> | * ''[[Cyathea lellingeriana]]'' <small>S.Maciel & J.Prado</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea leoniae]]'' <small>M.E.Acuña & Huamán</small> | * ''[[Cyathea leoniae]]'' <small>M.E.Acuña & Huamán</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea leucofolis]]'' <small>Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea leucofolis]]'' <small>Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea leucolepismata]]'' <small>Alston</small> | * ''[[Cyathea leucolepismata]]'' <small>Alston</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea liesneri]]'' <small>A.R.Sm.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea liesneri]]'' <small>A.R.Sm.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea lindeniana]]'' <small>C.Presl</small> | * ''[[Cyathea lindeniana]]'' <small>C.Presl</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea lindigii]]'' <small>(Baker) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea lindigii]]'' <small>(Baker) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea longipetiolulata]]'' <small>A.Rojas & A.Tejedor</small> | * ''[[Cyathea longipetiolulata]]'' <small>A.Rojas & A.Tejedor</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea macrocarpa]]'' <small>(C.Presl) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea macrocarpa]]'' <small>(C.Presl) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea macrosora]]'' <small>(Baker) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea macrosora]]'' <small>(Baker) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea margarita]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea margarita]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea marginalis]]'' <small>(Klotzsch) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea marginalis]]'' <small>(Klotzsch) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea mexiae]]'' <small>Copel.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea mexiae]]'' <small>Copel.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea microdonta]]'' <small>(Desv.) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea microdonta]]'' <small>(Desv.) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea microphylla]]'' <small>Mett.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea microphylla]]'' <small>Mett.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea microphyllodes]]'' <small>Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea microphyllodes]]'' <small>Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea miersii]]'' <small>(Hook.) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea miersii]]'' <small>(Hook.) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea minima]]'' <small>S.Maciel & J.Prado</small> | * ''[[Cyathea minima]]'' <small>S.Maciel & J.Prado</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea minuta]]'' <small>J.Murillo & M.T.Murillo</small> | * ''[[Cyathea minuta]]'' <small>J.Murillo & M.T.Murillo</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea monteagudoi]]'' <small>A.Tejedor & G.Calat.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea monteagudoi]]'' <small>A.Tejedor & G.Calat.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea moranii]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea moranii]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea mucilagina]]'' <small>R.C.Moran</small> | * ''[[Cyathea mucilagina]]'' <small>R.C.Moran</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea multiflora]]'' <small>Sm.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea multiflora]]'' <small>Sm.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea multisegmenta]]'' <small>R.M.Tryon</small> | * ''[[Cyathea multisegmenta]]'' <small>R.M.Tryon</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea mutica]]'' <small>(Christ) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea mutica]]'' <small>(Christ) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea myriotricha]]'' <small>(Baker) R.C.Moran & J.Prado</small> | * ''[[Cyathea myriotricha]]'' <small>(Baker) R.C.Moran & J.Prado</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea nanna]]'' <small>(Barrington) Lellinger</small> | * ''[[Cyathea nanna]]'' <small>(Barrington) Lellinger</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea neblinae]]'' <small>A.R.Sm.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea neblinae]]'' <small>A.R.Sm.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea nephele]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea nephele]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea nervosa]]'' <small>(Maxon) Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea nervosa]]'' <small>(Maxon) Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea nesiotica]]'' <small>(Maxon) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea nesiotica]]'' <small>(Maxon) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea nigripes]]'' <small>(C.Presl) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea nigripes]]'' <small>(C.Presl) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea nodulifera]]'' <small>R.C.Moran</small> | * ''[[Cyathea nodulifera]]'' <small>R.C.Moran</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea notabilis]]'' <small>Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea notabilis]]'' <small>Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea novoi]]'' <small>A.Tejedor & G.Calat.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea novoi]]'' <small>A.Tejedor & G.Calat.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea oblonga]]'' <small>(Klotzsch) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea oblonga]]'' <small>(Klotzsch) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea obnoxia]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea obnoxia]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea obtusa]]'' <small>(Kaulf.) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea obtusa]]'' <small>(Kaulf.) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea oreopteroides]]'' <small>Lehnert & A.Tejedor</small> | * ''[[Cyathea oreopteroides]]'' <small>Lehnert & A.Tejedor</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea oscarorum]]'' <small>A.Tejedor & G.Calat.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea oscarorum]]'' <small>A.Tejedor & G.Calat.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea pacis]]'' <small>F.Giraldo, W.Rodríguez & A.Tejedor</small> | * ''[[Cyathea pacis]]'' <small>F.Giraldo, W.Rodríguez & A.Tejedor</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea palaciosii]]'' <small>R.C.Moran</small> | * ''[[Cyathea palaciosii]]'' <small>R.C.Moran</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea pallescens]]'' <small>(Sodiro) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea pallescens]]'' <small>(Sodiro) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea parvifolia]]'' <small>Sodiro</small> | * ''[[Cyathea parvifolia]]'' <small>Sodiro</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea parvula]]'' <small>(Jenman) Proctor</small> | * ''[[Cyathea parvula]]'' <small>(Jenman) Proctor</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea patens]]'' <small>hort. ex Houlston & Moore</small> | * ''[[Cyathea patens]]'' <small>hort. ex Houlston & Moore</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea pauciflora]]'' <small>(Kuhn) Lellinger</small> | * ''[[Cyathea pauciflora]]'' <small>(Kuhn) Lellinger</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea paucifolia]]'' <small>(Baker) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea paucifolia]]'' <small>(Baker) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea peladensis]]'' <small>(Hieron.) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea peladensis]]'' <small>(Hieron.) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea pendula]]'' <small>Jenman</small> | * ''[[Cyathea pendula]]'' <small>Jenman</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea petiolata]]'' <small>(Hook.) R.M.Tryon</small> | * ''[[Cyathea petiolata]]'' <small>(Hook.) R.M.Tryon</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea phalaenolepis]]'' <small>(C.Chr.) Domin Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea phalaenolepis]]'' <small>(C.Chr.) Domin Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea phalerata]]'' <small>Mart.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea phalerata]]'' <small>Mart.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea phegopteroides]]'' <small>(Hook.) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea phegopteroides]]'' <small>(Hook.) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea phoenix]]'' <small>A.Tejedor & G.Calat.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea phoenix]]'' <small>A.Tejedor & G.Calat.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea pholidota]]'' <small>Lehnert, F.Giraldo & A.Tejedor</small> | * ''[[Cyathea pholidota]]'' <small>Lehnert, F.Giraldo & A.Tejedor</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea pibyae]]'' <small>A.Tejedor & G.Calat.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea pibyae]]'' <small>A.Tejedor & G.Calat.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea pilosissima]]'' <small>(Baker) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea pilosissima]]'' <small>(Baker) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea pilozana]]'' <small>M.T. & J.Murillo</small> | * ''[[Cyathea pilozana]]'' <small>M.T. & J.Murillo</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea pinnula]]'' <small>(Christ) R.C.Moran</small> | * ''[[Cyathea pinnula]]'' <small>(Christ) R.C.Moran</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea planadae]]'' <small>Arens & A.R.Sm.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea planadae]]'' <small>Arens & A.R.Sm.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea platylepis]]'' <small>(Hook.) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea platylepis]]'' <small>(Hook.) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea plicata]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea plicata]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea poeppigii]]'' <small>(Hook.) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea poeppigii]]'' <small>(Hook.) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea polliculi]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea polliculi]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea povedae]]'' <small>A.Rojas</small> | * ''[[Cyathea povedae]]'' <small>A.Rojas</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea praeceps]]'' <small>A.R.Sm.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea praeceps]]'' <small>A.R.Sm.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea praecincta]]'' <small>(Kunze) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea praecincta]]'' <small>(Kunze) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea praetermissa]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea praetermissa]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea pseudoctenitoides]]'' <small>S.Maciel & J.Prado</small> | * ''[[Cyathea pseudoctenitoides]]'' <small>S.Maciel & J.Prado</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea pseudonanna]]'' <small>(L.D.Gómez) Lellinger</small> | * ''[[Cyathea pseudonanna]]'' <small>(L.D.Gómez) Lellinger</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea puberula]]'' <small>Sodiro</small> | * ''[[Cyathea puberula]]'' <small>Sodiro</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea punctata]]'' <small>R.C.Moran & B.Øllg.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea punctata]]'' <small>R.C.Moran & B.Øllg.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea pungens]]'' <small>(Willd.) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea pungens]]'' <small>(Willd.) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea recondita]]'' <small>A.Tejedor & G.Calat.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea recondita]]'' <small>A.Tejedor & G.Calat.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea rengifoi]]'' <small>Lehnert, F.Giraldo & A.Tejedor</small> | * ''[[Cyathea rengifoi]]'' <small>Lehnert, F.Giraldo & A.Tejedor</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea retanae]]'' <small>A.Rojas</small> | * ''[[Cyathea retanae]]'' <small>A.Rojas</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea robertsiana]]'' <small>(F.Muell.) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea robertsiana]]'' <small>(F.Muell.) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea rocioae]]'' <small>A.Tejedor & G.Calat.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea rocioae]]'' <small>A.Tejedor & G.Calat.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea rodriguezii]]'' <small>Lehnert & F.Giraldo</small> | * ''[[Cyathea rodriguezii]]'' <small>Lehnert & F.Giraldo</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea rojasiana]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea rojasiana]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea roraimensis]]'' <small>(Domin) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea roraimensis]]'' <small>(Domin) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea rufa]]'' <small>(Fée) Lellinger</small> | * ''[[Cyathea rufa]]'' <small>(Fée) Lellinger</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea rufescens]]'' <small>(Mett. ex Kuhn) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea rufescens]]'' <small>(Mett. ex Kuhn) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea ruiziana]]'' <small>Klotzsch</small> | * ''[[Cyathea ruiziana]]'' <small>Klotzsch</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea ruttenbergiae]]'' <small>A.Tejedor & F.Areces</small> | * ''[[Cyathea ruttenbergiae]]'' <small>A.Tejedor & F.Areces</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea sagittifolia]]'' <small>(Hook.) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea sagittifolia]]'' <small>(Hook.) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea scabra]]'' <small>Baker</small> | * ''[[Cyathea scabra]]'' <small>Baker</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea schiedeana]]'' <small>(C.Presl) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea schiedeana]]'' <small>(C.Presl) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea schlimii]]'' <small>(Kuhn) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea schlimii]]'' <small>(Kuhn) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea serpens]]'' <small>(R.M.Tryon) Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea serpens]]'' <small>(R.M.Tryon) Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea setchellii]]'' <small>Copel.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea setchellii]]'' <small>Copel.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea simplex]]'' <small>R.M.Tryon</small> | * ''[[Cyathea simplex]]'' <small>R.M.Tryon</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea singularis]]'' <small>(Stolze) Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea singularis]]'' <small>(Stolze) Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea sipapoensis]]'' <small>(R.M.Tryon) Lellinger</small> | * ''[[Cyathea sipapoensis]]'' <small>(R.M.Tryon) Lellinger</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea sledgei]]'' <small>Ranil, Pushpak. & Fraser-Jenk.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea sledgei]]'' <small>Ranil, Pushpak. & Fraser-Jenk.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea speciosa]]'' <small>Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea speciosa]]'' <small>Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea spectabilis]]'' <small>(Kunze) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea spectabilis]]'' <small>(Kunze) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea squamata]]'' <small>(Klotzsch) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea squamata]]'' <small>(Klotzsch) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea squamipes]]'' <small>H.Karst</small> | * ''[[Cyathea squamipes]]'' <small>H.Karst</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea squamulosa]]'' <small>(Losch) R.C.Moran</small> | * ''[[Cyathea squamulosa]]'' <small>(Losch) R.C.Moran</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea squarrosa]]'' <small>(Rosenst.) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea squarrosa]]'' <small>(Rosenst.) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea srilankensis]]'' <small>Ranil</small> | * ''[[Cyathea srilankensis]]'' <small>Ranil</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea steyermarkii]]'' <small>R.M.Tryon</small> | * ''[[Cyathea steyermarkii]]'' <small>R.M.Tryon</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea stokesii]]'' <small>(E.D.Br.) N.Hallé & Florence</small> | * ''[[Cyathea stokesii]]'' <small>(E.D.Br.) N.Hallé & Florence</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea stolzeana]]'' <small>(L.D.Gómez) Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea stolzeana]]'' <small>(L.D.Gómez) Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea stolzei]]'' <small>A.R.Sm. ex Lellinger</small> | * ''[[Cyathea stolzei]]'' <small>A.R.Sm. ex Lellinger</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea straminea]]'' <small>H.Karst.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea straminea]]'' <small>H.Karst.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea strigillosa]]'' <small>(Maxon) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea strigillosa]]'' <small>(Maxon) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea subincisa]]'' <small>(Kunze) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea subincisa]]'' <small>(Kunze) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea subindusiata]]'' <small>Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea subindusiata]]'' <small>Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea subtropica]]'' <small>Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea subtropica]]'' <small>Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea sunduei]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea sunduei]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea suprapilosa]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea suprapilosa]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea suprastrigosa]]'' <small>(Christ) Maxon</small> | * ''[[Cyathea suprastrigosa]]'' <small>(Christ) Maxon</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea surinamensis]]'' <small>(Miq.) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea surinamensis]]'' <small>(Miq.) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea sylvatica]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea sylvatica]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea tatei]]'' <small>S.Maciel, R.Y.Hirai & J.Prado</small> | * ''[[Cyathea tatei]]'' <small>S.Maciel, R.Y.Hirai & J.Prado</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea tejedoris]]'' <small>Lehnert, F.Giraldo & W.Rodríguez</small> | * ''[[Cyathea tejedoris]]'' <small>Lehnert, F.Giraldo & W.Rodríguez</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea tenera]]'' <small>(J.Sm.) Moore</small> | * ''[[Cyathea tenera]]'' <small>(J.Sm.) Moore</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea tepuiana]]'' <small>Christenh.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea tepuiana]]'' <small>Christenh.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea thelypteroides]]'' <small>A.R.Sm.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea thelypteroides]]'' <small>A.R.Sm.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea thysanolepis]]'' <small>(Barrington) A.R.Sm.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea thysanolepis]]'' <small>(Barrington) A.R.Sm.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea toroi]]'' <small>Lehnert, F.Giraldo & A.Tejedor</small> | * ''[[Cyathea toroi]]'' <small>Lehnert, F.Giraldo & A.Tejedor</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea tortuosa]]'' <small>R.C.Moran</small> | * ''[[Cyathea tortuosa]]'' <small>R.C.Moran</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea traillii]]'' <small>(Baker) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea traillii]]'' <small>(Baker) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea trichomanoides]]'' <small>Christenh.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea trichomanoides]]'' <small>Christenh.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea tryonorum]]'' <small>(Riba) Lellinger</small> | * ''[[Cyathea tryonorum]]'' <small>(Riba) Lellinger</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea tuerckheimii]]'' <small>Maxon</small> | * ''[[Cyathea tuerckheimii]]'' <small>Maxon</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea uleana]]'' <small>(A.Samp.) Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea uleana]]'' <small>(A.Samp.) Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea universitatis]]'' <small>(Vareschi) Christenh.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea universitatis]]'' <small>(Vareschi) Christenh.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea ursina]]'' <small>(Maxon) Lellinger</small> | * ''[[Cyathea ursina]]'' <small>(Maxon) Lellinger</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea valliciergoana]]'' <small>A.Tejedor & G.Calat.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea valliciergoana]]'' <small>A.Tejedor & G.Calat.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea varians]]'' <small>(R.C.Moran) Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea varians]]'' <small>(R.C.Moran) Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea vaupensis]]'' <small>(P.G.Windisch) Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea vaupensis]]'' <small>(P.G.Windisch) Lehnert</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea venezuelensis]]'' <small>A.R.Sm. ex Lellinger</small> | * ''[[Cyathea venezuelensis]]'' <small>A.R.Sm. ex Lellinger</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea vilhelmii]]'' <small>Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea vilhelmii]]'' <small>Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea villosa]]'' <small>Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea villosa]]'' <small>Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea weatherbyana]]'' <small>(C.V.Morton) C.V.Morton</small> | * ''[[Cyathea weatherbyana]]'' <small>(C.V.Morton) C.V.Morton</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea wendlandii]]'' <small>(Mett. ex Kuhn) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea wendlandii]]'' <small>(Mett. ex Kuhn) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea werffii]]'' <small>R.C.Moran</small> | * ''[[Cyathea werffii]]'' <small>R.C.Moran</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea whitmeei]]'' <small>Baker</small> | * ''[[Cyathea whitmeei]]'' <small>Baker</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea williamsii]]'' <small>(Maxon) Domin</small> | * ''[[Cyathea williamsii]]'' <small>(Maxon) Domin</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea windischiana]]'' <small>A.R.Sm.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea windischiana]]'' <small>A.R.Sm.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea xerica]]'' <small>A.Tejedor & G.Calat.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea xerica]]'' <small>A.Tejedor & G.Calat.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea yambrasensis]]'' <small>A.Tejedor & G.Calat.</small> | * ''[[Cyathea yambrasensis]]'' <small>A.Tejedor & G.Calat.</small> | ||
*''[[Cyathea zongoensis]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | * ''[[Cyathea zongoensis]]'' <small>Lehnert</small> | ||
{{div col end}} | {{div col end}} | ||
====Extinct species==== | ====Extinct species==== | ||
[[File:Cyathea inequilateralis SRIC img2.jpg|thumb|right|Eocene ''[[Cyathea inequilateralis]]'' [[Chuckanut Formation]], Washington]] | [[File:Cyathea inequilateralis SRIC img2.jpg|thumb|right|Eocene ''[[Cyathea inequilateralis]]'' [[Chuckanut Formation]], Washington]] | ||
*†''[[Cyathea cranhamii]]'' | * †''[[Cyathea cranhamii]]'' | ||
*†''[[Cyathea inequilateralis]]'' - [[Eocene]], North American west coast | * †''[[Cyathea inequilateralis]]'' - [[Eocene]], North American west coast | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 15:03, 29 June 2025
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Distinguish". Template:Automatic taxobox
Cyathea is a genus of tree ferns, the type genus of the fern order Cyatheales.
The genus name Cyathea is derived from the Greek Script error: No such module "Lang"., meaning "little cup", and refers to the cup-shaped sori on the underside of the fronds.
Description
The species of Cyathea are mostly terrestrial ferns, usually with a single tall stem. Rarely, the trunk may be branched or creeping. Many species also develop a fibrous mass of roots at the base of the trunk.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
The genus has a pantropical distribution, with over 470 species. They grow in habitats ranging from tropical rain forests to temperate woodlands.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Classification
Conant et al. in 1996, concluded on molecular cpDNA and morphological evidence that a system of three clades – Alsophila, Cyathea and Sphaeropteris was the most accurate reflection of evolutionary lineages within the Cyatheaceae, Alsophila being the most basal and Cyathea and Sphaeropteris derived sister groups.[1] In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), these are accepted as separate genera, Alsophila, Cyathea and Sphaeropteris.[2] Cnemidaria Presl, 1836 is a junior synonym or redundant subset.[3][4]
Species
Template:As of, World Ferns (Version 12.3) accepted the following species:[5] Template:Div col
- Cyathea abbreviata I.Fernald
- Cyathea abrapatriciana Lehnert & A.Tejedor
- Cyathea acantha (Sehnem) Lehnert
- Cyathea acutidens (Christ) Domin
- Cyathea aemula Lehnert
- Cyathea affinis (G.Forst.) Sw.
- Cyathea akawaiorum P.J.Edwards
- Cyathea alata (E.Fourn.) Copel.
- Cyathea alatissima (Stolze) Lehnert
- Cyathea alfonsiana L.D.Gómez
- Cyathea alsophiloides S.Maciel & Lehnert
- Cyathea alstonii R.M.Tryon
- Cyathea amabilis (C.V.Morton) Lehnert
- Cyathea andaquiensis Lehnert, F.Giraldo & W.Rodríguez
- Cyathea andicola Domin
- Cyathea andina (H.Karst.) Domin
- Cyathea angelica A.Tejedor & G.Calat.
- Cyathea antioquensis A.Rojas
- Cyathea arborea (L.) Sm.
- Cyathea aristata Domin
- Cyathea armata (Sw.) Domin
- Cyathea arnecornelii Lehnert
- Cyathea ars Lehnert
- Cyathea aspera (L.) Sw.
- Cyathea asplenioides (A.C.Sm.) Christenh.
- Cyathea assurgens R.M.Tryon
- Cyathea atahuallpa (R.M.Tryon) Lellinger
- Cyathea aterrima (Hook.) Domin
- Cyathea atrocastanea Labiak & F.B.Matos
- Cyathea atrovirens (Langsd. & Fisch.) Domin
- Cyathea aurea Klotzsch
- Cyathea austroamericana Domin
- Cyathea austropallescens Lehnert
- Cyathea axillaris (Raddi) Lellinger
- Cyathea azuayensis Sodiro
- Cyathea barringtonii A.R.Sm. ex Lellinger
- Cyathea bella (Rchb.fil. ex Mett.) Domin
- Cyathea bettinae Lehnert
- Cyathea bicrenata Liebm.
- Cyathea biliranensis Copel.
- Cyathea bipinnata (R.M.Tryon) R.C.Moran
- Cyathea bipinnatifida (Baker) Domin
- Cyathea boconensis H.Karst.
- Cyathea borinquena (Maxon) Domin
- Cyathea boryana (Kuhn) Domin
- Cyathea bradei (P.G.Windisch) Lellinger
- Cyathea brucei Lehnert
- Cyathea brunnescens (Barrington) R.C.Moran
- Cyathea calamitatis Lehnert
- Cyathea callejasii Lehnert, F.Giraldo & A.Tejedor
- Cyathea caracasana (Klotzsch) Domin
- Cyathea cardenasii Lehnert, F.Giraldo & W.Rodríguez
- Cyathea carolihenrici Lehnert
- Cyathea carolinae A.Tejedor & G.Calat.
- Cyathea catacampta Alston
- Cyathea catenata Lehnert, F.Giraldo & W.Rodríguez
- Cyathea cervantesiana A.Rojas
- Cyathea chimaera Lehnert & A.Tejedor
- Cyathea chimborazensis (Hook.) Hieron.
- Cyathea chiricana (Maxon) Domin
- Cyathea chocoensis (Stolze) Lehnert
- Cyathea chontilla Lehnert
- Cyathea choricarpa (Maxon) Domin
- Cyathea cicatricosa Holttum
- Cyathea cisandina A.Tejedor & G.Calat.
- Cyathea clandestina Lehnert, F.Giraldo & A.Tejedor
- Cyathea cnemidaria Lehnert
- Cyathea cocleana (Stolze) Lehnert
- Cyathea coloradoana Lehnert, F.Giraldo & W.Rodríguez
- Cyathea concinna (Baker) Jenman
- Cyathea concordia B.León & R.C.Moran
- Cyathea conformis (R.M.Tryon) Stolze
- Cyathea conjugata (Spruce ex Hook.) Domin
- Cyathea conquisita Jenman
- Cyathea consimilis (Stolze) Lehnert
- Cyathea convergens Lehnert
- Cyathea corallifera Sodiro
- Cyathea corcovadensis (Raddi) Domin
- Cyathea costaricensis (Mett. ex Kuhn) Domin
- Cyathea croftii Holttum
- Cyathea cruciata (Desv.) Lehnert
- Cyathea ctenitoides (Lellinger) Christenh.
- Cyathea cumingii Baker
- Cyathea cyatheoides (Desv.) K.U.Kramer
- Cyathea cyclodium (R.M.Tryon) Lellinger
- Cyathea cylindrica S.Maciel & Lehnert
- Cyathea cystolepis Sodiro
- Cyathea darienensis R.C.Moran
- Cyathea decomposita (H.Karst.) Domin
- Cyathea decorata (Maxon) R.M.Tryon
- Cyathea decurrens (Hook.) Copel.
- Cyathea decurrentiloba Domin
- Cyathea dejecta (Baker) Christenh.
- Cyathea delgadii Pohl ex Sternb.
- Cyathea demissa (C.V.Morton) A.R.Sm. ex Lellinger
- Cyathea diabolica Lehnert
- Cyathea dichromatolepis (Fée) Domin
- Cyathea dintelmannii Lehnert
- Cyathea dissimilis (C.V.Morton) Stolze
- Cyathea dissoluta Baker
- Cyathea divergens Kunze
- Cyathea dombeyi (Desv.) Lellinger
- Cyathea dudleyi R.M.Tryon
- Cyathea dyeri Sodiro
- Cyathea ebenina H.Karst.
- Cyathea eggersii Hieron.
- Cyathea elliottii Domin
- Cyathea epaleata (Holttum) Holttum
- Cyathea estelae (Riba) Proctor
- Cyathea estevesorum A.Tejedor & G.Calat.
- Cyathea ewanii Alston
- Cyathea falcata (Mett. ex Kuhn) Domin
- Cyathea feeana (C.Chr.) Domin
- Cyathea flava (R.M.Tryon) Christenh.
- Cyathea frigida (H.Karst.) Domin
- Cyathea fulva (M.Martens & Galeotti) Fée
- Cyathea gibbosa (Klotzsch) Domin
- Cyathea giraldoi A.Tejedor, G.Calat., Lehnert, W.D.Rodr. & M.Kessler
- Cyathea glandulifera Lehnert
- Cyathea glaziovii Domin
- Cyathea godmanii (Hook.) Domin
- Cyathea gracilis Griseb.
- Cyathea grandifolia Willd.
- Cyathea grantii Copel.
- Cyathea grata Domin
- Cyathea gratissima A.Tejedor & G.Calat.
- Cyathea grayumii A.Rojas
- Cyathea guentheriana Lehnert
- Cyathea harrisii Underw.
- Cyathea haughtii (Maxon) R.M.Tryon
- Cyathea hemiepiphytica R.C.Moran
- Cyathea herzogii Rosenst.
- Cyathea hierbabuena A.Tejedor & G.Calat.
- Cyathea hirsuta C.Presl
- Cyathea hirsutissima (Fée) Domin
- Cyathea hodgeana Proctor
- Cyathea holdridgeana Nisman & L.D.Gómez
- Cyathea horrida (L.) Sm.
- Cyathea howeana Domin
- Cyathea hymenophylloides (L.D.Gómez) Christenh.
- Cyathea iheringii (Rosenst.) Domin
- Cyathea impar R.M.Tryon
- Cyathea incognita (Lellinger) Christenh.
- Cyathea indefinita S.Maciel & J.Prado
- Cyathea jacobsii Holttum
- Cyathea jamaicensis Jenman
- Cyathea kalbreyeri (Baker) Domin
- Cyathea karsteniana (Klotzsch) Domin
- Cyathea kessleriana Lehnert, F.Giraldo & A.Tejedor
- Cyathea lasiosora (Mett. ex Kuhn) Domin
- Cyathea latevagans (Baker) Domin
- Cyathea lechleri Mett.
- Cyathea lehnertii A.Tejedor & G.Calat.
- Cyathea lellingeriana S.Maciel & J.Prado
- Cyathea leoniae M.E.Acuña & Huamán
- Cyathea leucofolis Domin
- Cyathea leucolepismata Alston
- Cyathea liesneri A.R.Sm.
- Cyathea lindeniana C.Presl
- Cyathea lindigii (Baker) Domin
- Cyathea longipetiolulata A.Rojas & A.Tejedor
- Cyathea macrocarpa (C.Presl) Domin
- Cyathea macrosora (Baker) Domin
- Cyathea margarita Lehnert
- Cyathea marginalis (Klotzsch) Domin
- Cyathea mexiae Copel.
- Cyathea microdonta (Desv.) Domin
- Cyathea microphylla Mett.
- Cyathea microphyllodes Domin
- Cyathea miersii (Hook.) Domin
- Cyathea minima S.Maciel & J.Prado
- Cyathea minuta J.Murillo & M.T.Murillo
- Cyathea monteagudoi A.Tejedor & G.Calat.
- Cyathea moranii Lehnert
- Cyathea mucilagina R.C.Moran
- Cyathea multiflora Sm.
- Cyathea multisegmenta R.M.Tryon
- Cyathea mutica (Christ) Domin
- Cyathea myriotricha (Baker) R.C.Moran & J.Prado
- Cyathea nanna (Barrington) Lellinger
- Cyathea neblinae A.R.Sm.
- Cyathea nephele Lehnert
- Cyathea nervosa (Maxon) Lehnert
- Cyathea nesiotica (Maxon) Domin
- Cyathea nigripes (C.Presl) Domin
- Cyathea nodulifera R.C.Moran
- Cyathea notabilis Domin
- Cyathea novoi A.Tejedor & G.Calat.
- Cyathea oblonga (Klotzsch) Domin
- Cyathea obnoxia Lehnert
- Cyathea obtusa (Kaulf.) Domin
- Cyathea oreopteroides Lehnert & A.Tejedor
- Cyathea oscarorum A.Tejedor & G.Calat.
- Cyathea pacis F.Giraldo, W.Rodríguez & A.Tejedor
- Cyathea palaciosii R.C.Moran
- Cyathea pallescens (Sodiro) Domin
- Cyathea parvifolia Sodiro
- Cyathea parvula (Jenman) Proctor
- Cyathea patens hort. ex Houlston & Moore
- Cyathea pauciflora (Kuhn) Lellinger
- Cyathea paucifolia (Baker) Domin
- Cyathea peladensis (Hieron.) Domin
- Cyathea pendula Jenman
- Cyathea petiolata (Hook.) R.M.Tryon
- Cyathea phalaenolepis (C.Chr.) Domin Domin
- Cyathea phalerata Mart.
- Cyathea phegopteroides (Hook.) Domin
- Cyathea phoenix A.Tejedor & G.Calat.
- Cyathea pholidota Lehnert, F.Giraldo & A.Tejedor
- Cyathea pibyae A.Tejedor & G.Calat.
- Cyathea pilosissima (Baker) Domin
- Cyathea pilozana M.T. & J.Murillo
- Cyathea pinnula (Christ) R.C.Moran
- Cyathea planadae Arens & A.R.Sm.
- Cyathea platylepis (Hook.) Domin
- Cyathea plicata Lehnert
- Cyathea poeppigii (Hook.) Domin
- Cyathea polliculi Lehnert
- Cyathea povedae A.Rojas
- Cyathea praeceps A.R.Sm.
- Cyathea praecincta (Kunze) Domin
- Cyathea praetermissa Lehnert
- Cyathea pseudoctenitoides S.Maciel & J.Prado
- Cyathea pseudonanna (L.D.Gómez) Lellinger
- Cyathea puberula Sodiro
- Cyathea punctata R.C.Moran & B.Øllg.
- Cyathea pungens (Willd.) Domin
- Cyathea recondita A.Tejedor & G.Calat.
- Cyathea rengifoi Lehnert, F.Giraldo & A.Tejedor
- Cyathea retanae A.Rojas
- Cyathea robertsiana (F.Muell.) Domin
- Cyathea rocioae A.Tejedor & G.Calat.
- Cyathea rodriguezii Lehnert & F.Giraldo
- Cyathea rojasiana Lehnert
- Cyathea roraimensis (Domin) Domin
- Cyathea rufa (Fée) Lellinger
- Cyathea rufescens (Mett. ex Kuhn) Domin
- Cyathea ruiziana Klotzsch
- Cyathea ruttenbergiae A.Tejedor & F.Areces
- Cyathea sagittifolia (Hook.) Domin
- Cyathea scabra Baker
- Cyathea schiedeana (C.Presl) Domin
- Cyathea schlimii (Kuhn) Domin
- Cyathea serpens (R.M.Tryon) Lehnert
- Cyathea setchellii Copel.
- Cyathea simplex R.M.Tryon
- Cyathea singularis (Stolze) Lehnert
- Cyathea sipapoensis (R.M.Tryon) Lellinger
- Cyathea sledgei Ranil, Pushpak. & Fraser-Jenk.
- Cyathea speciosa Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.
- Cyathea spectabilis (Kunze) Domin
- Cyathea squamata (Klotzsch) Domin
- Cyathea squamipes H.Karst
- Cyathea squamulosa (Losch) R.C.Moran
- Cyathea squarrosa (Rosenst.) Domin
- Cyathea srilankensis Ranil
- Cyathea steyermarkii R.M.Tryon
- Cyathea stokesii (E.D.Br.) N.Hallé & Florence
- Cyathea stolzeana (L.D.Gómez) Lehnert
- Cyathea stolzei A.R.Sm. ex Lellinger
- Cyathea straminea H.Karst.
- Cyathea strigillosa (Maxon) Domin
- Cyathea subincisa (Kunze) Domin
- Cyathea subindusiata Domin
- Cyathea subtropica Domin
- Cyathea sunduei Lehnert
- Cyathea suprapilosa Lehnert
- Cyathea suprastrigosa (Christ) Maxon
- Cyathea surinamensis (Miq.) Domin
- Cyathea sylvatica Lehnert
- Cyathea tatei S.Maciel, R.Y.Hirai & J.Prado
- Cyathea tejedoris Lehnert, F.Giraldo & W.Rodríguez
- Cyathea tenera (J.Sm.) Moore
- Cyathea tepuiana Christenh.
- Cyathea thelypteroides A.R.Sm.
- Cyathea thysanolepis (Barrington) A.R.Sm.
- Cyathea toroi Lehnert, F.Giraldo & A.Tejedor
- Cyathea tortuosa R.C.Moran
- Cyathea traillii (Baker) Domin
- Cyathea trichomanoides Christenh.
- Cyathea tryonorum (Riba) Lellinger
- Cyathea tuerckheimii Maxon
- Cyathea uleana (A.Samp.) Lehnert
- Cyathea universitatis (Vareschi) Christenh.
- Cyathea ursina (Maxon) Lellinger
- Cyathea valliciergoana A.Tejedor & G.Calat.
- Cyathea varians (R.C.Moran) Lehnert
- Cyathea vaupensis (P.G.Windisch) Lehnert
- Cyathea venezuelensis A.R.Sm. ex Lellinger
- Cyathea vilhelmii Domin
- Cyathea villosa Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.
- Cyathea weatherbyana (C.V.Morton) C.V.Morton
- Cyathea wendlandii (Mett. ex Kuhn) Domin
- Cyathea werffii R.C.Moran
- Cyathea whitmeei Baker
- Cyathea williamsii (Maxon) Domin
- Cyathea windischiana A.R.Sm.
- Cyathea xerica A.Tejedor & G.Calat.
- Cyathea yambrasensis A.Tejedor & G.Calat.
- Cyathea zongoensis Lehnert
Extinct species
- †Cyathea cranhamii
- †Cyathea inequilateralis - Eocene, North American west coast
References
Notes
Bibliography
- Christenhusz, M.J.M. (2009). New combinations and an overview of Cyathea subg. Hymenophyllopsis (Cyatheaceae). Phytotaxa 1: 37–42.
- Lehnert, M. (2006). New species and records of tree ferns (Cyatheaceae, Pteridophyta) in the northern Andes. Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 6: 321–322, electronic supplement 13: 1–11.
- Lehnert, M. (2009). Three new species of scaly tree ferns (Cyathea-Cyatheaceae) from the northern Andes. Phytotaxa 2: 43–56.
- The International Plant Names Index
External links
- Cyathea: World Species List
- Alsophila: World Species List
- Sphaeropteris: World Species List
- Smith's original description of the genus online at Project Gutenberg
- Community: Care and propagation of Treeferns (German/English)
- Fern Files: Cyathea
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedPPGI - ↑ Braggins, John E. and Large, Mark F. Tree Ferns. Timber Press (2004). Template:ISBN
- ↑ Cnemidaria world species list
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".