Apitoxin: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Venom made by bees}} | {{Short description|Venom made by bees}} | ||
'''Apitoxin''' or '''bee venom''' is the [[venom]] produced by the [[honey bee]]. It is a [[Cytotoxicity|cytotoxic]] and [[Hemotoxin|hemotoxic]] bitter colorless liquid containing [[protein]]s, which may produce local [[inflammation]]. It may have similarities to [[sea nettle]] [[toxin]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Czarnetzki BM, Thiele T, Rosenbach T | title = Evidence for leukotrienes in animal venoms | journal = The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology | volume = 85 | issue = 2 | pages = 505–509 | date = February 1990 | pmid = 1968071 | doi = 10.1016/0091-6749(90)90162-W | doi-access = free }} {{closed access}}</ref> | '''Apitoxin''' or '''bee venom''' is the [[venom]] produced by the [[honey bee]]. It is a [[Cytotoxicity|cytotoxic]] and [[Hemotoxin|hemotoxic]] bitter colorless liquid containing [[protein]]s, which may produce local [[inflammation]]. It may have similarities to [[sea nettle]] [[toxin]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Czarnetzki BM, Thiele T, Rosenbach T | title = Evidence for leukotrienes in animal venoms | journal = The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology | volume = 85 | issue = 2 | pages = 505–509 | date = February 1990 | pmid = 1968071 | doi = 10.1016/0091-6749(90)90162-W | doi-access = free }} {{closed access}}</ref> | ||
Latest revision as of 18:39, 25 June 2025
Template:Short description Apitoxin or bee venom is the venom produced by the honey bee. It is a cytotoxic and hemotoxic bitter colorless liquid containing proteins, which may produce local inflammation. It may have similarities to sea nettle toxin.[1]
Components
Bee venom is a complex mixture of proteins and smaller molecules.
The main component is melittin, which amounts to 52% of venom peptides[2] One of the main allergens is phospholipase A2, which amounts to 12% and is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phospholipids, causing degradation of cell membranes.[3] Adolapin[4] contributes 2–5% of the peptides.[5][6] Further protein components include apamin (2%), a neurotoxin, hyaluronidase (2%), which dilates blood vessels, increasing their permeability and facilitating the spread of the venom,[3] mast cell degranulating peptide (2%), tertiapin, and secapin.[7] Small molecules in bee venom include histamine (0.1–1%), dopamine and noradrenaline.[8]
Research
Mark Crislip, a practicing infectious disease specialist, examined the claims that bee venom can treat arthritis. He was unable to "find a clean, i.e., a non-TCPM based, randomized, placebo-controlled study of bee venom in humans for the treatment [of] arthritis."[9]
Bee venom is also considered ineffective for the treatment or prevention of cancer, with no clinical studies to date supporting such effects.[10] According to the American Cancer Society, there is no scientific evidence that apitherapy or bee venom therapy can treat or change the course of cancer or any other disease.[11] Clinical trials have shown that apitherapy is ineffective in treating multiple sclerosis or any other disease, and can exacerbate multiple sclerosis symptoms.[12]
See also
References
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- ↑ UniProt P01501, P01500, Q08169, P01499, P56587, P02852.
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External links
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