OKB: Difference between revisions
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{{Other uses|OKB (disambiguation)}} | {{Other uses|OKB (disambiguation)}} | ||
[[File:Sukhoi-okb.JPG | thumb|Sukhoi Company (JSC) head office/Sukhoi OKB]] | [[File:Sukhoi-okb.JPG | thumb|Sukhoi Company (JSC) head office/Sukhoi OKB]] | ||
'''OKB''' ({{langx|ru|ОКБ}}) is a transliteration of the Russian initials for "{{lang|ru|Опытно-Конструкторское Бюро}}" ({{Transliteration|ru|Opytno-Konstruktorskoye Byuro}}), which translates to "Experimental Design Bureau. | '''OKB''' ({{langx|ru|ОКБ}}) is a transliteration of the Russian initials for "{{lang|ru|Опытно-Конструкторское Бюро}}" ({{Transliteration|ru|Opytno-Konstruktorskoye Byuro}}), which translates to "Experimental Design Bureau". It could also mean {{Transliteration|ru|Osoboye konstruktorskoye byuro}} or "Special Design Bureau" in English.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Boris |first1=Chertok |title=Rockets and people Volume 1 |date=January 2005 |publisher=NASA History Office |location=Washington, DC |isbn=978-1484842676 |page=20 |url=https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/635675main_rocketspeoplevolume1-ebook.pdf?emrc=3b9dce |access-date=9 May 2025 |ref=1}}</ref> During the [[Soviet Union|Soviet era]], OKBs were closed institutions working on design and prototyping of [[High tech|advanced technology]], usually for [[Military technology|military applications]]. The corresponding English language term for such a bureau's activity is R&D or "[[research and development]]". | ||
For security, each bureau was only officially identified by a number, but were often semi-officially referenced by the name of its lead designer. For example, OKB-51 was led by [[Pavel Sukhoi]], and it eventually became known as simply [[Sukhoi]]. Successful and famous bureaus often retained these names after the departure of their founding designer. | For security, each bureau was only officially identified by a number, but were often semi-officially referenced by the name of its lead designer. For example, OKB-51 was led by [[Pavel Sukhoi]], and it eventually became known as simply [[Sukhoi]]. Successful and famous bureaus often retained these names after the departure of their founding designer. | ||
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[[Category:Technological races]] | [[Category:Technological races]] | ||
[[Category:Design bureaus| ]] | [[Category:Design bureaus| ]] | ||
Latest revision as of 19:54, 10 November 2025
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OKB (Template:Langx) is a transliteration of the Russian initials for "Script error: No such module "Lang"." (Script error: No such module "lang".), which translates to "Experimental Design Bureau". It could also mean Script error: No such module "lang". or "Special Design Bureau" in English.[1] During the Soviet era, OKBs were closed institutions working on design and prototyping of advanced technology, usually for military applications. The corresponding English language term for such a bureau's activity is R&D or "research and development".
For security, each bureau was only officially identified by a number, but were often semi-officially referenced by the name of its lead designer. For example, OKB-51 was led by Pavel Sukhoi, and it eventually became known as simply Sukhoi. Successful and famous bureaus often retained these names after the departure of their founding designer.
These relatively small state-run organisations were not intended for mass production of aircraft, rockets, or other vehicles or equipment which they designed. However, they usually had the facilities and resources to construct prototypes. Designs accepted by the state were then assigned to factories for mass production.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, many OKBs became Scientific Production Associations (NPOs). There were some attempts to merge them in the 1990s, and there were widespread amalgamations in 2001–2006 to create "national champion" corporations, such as Almaz-Antey to consolidate surface-to-air missile development.
OKBs in aerospace industry
- KB-1 – NPO Almaz, Vitaly Shabanov
- OKB-1 – Korolev today RSC Energia
- OKB-1 – Dr. Brunolf Baade disbanded by 1953
- OKB-2 – early name of MKB Raduga (OKB-155-2)
- OKB-3 – Bratukhin
- OKB-4 – Matus Bisnovat's Design Bureau (different from NPO Molniya)
- OKB-8 – Novator (long-range SAMs)
- OKB-19 – Shvetsov, Soloviev. Now: "Perm MKB"[2]
- OKB-20 – Klimov, Omsk-Motors
- OKB-21 – Alexeyev
- OKB-23 – Myasishchev (also OKB-482)
- OKB-24 – Mikulin
- OKB-26 – Klimov
- OKB-39 – Ilyushin
- OKB-45 – Klimov
- OKB-47 – Yakovlev originally, transferred to Shcherbakov
- OKB-49 – Beriev
- OKB-51 – Sukhoi
- OKB-52 – Chelomei
- OKB-86 – Bartini
- OKB-115 – Yakovlev
- OKB-117 – Klimov, Izotov
- OKB-120 – Zhdanov (surname)
- OKB-124 – N/A (cooling systems for Tu-121)
- OKB-134 – Vympel
- OKB-140 – N/A (first hydro-alcohol starter-generators for Tu-121)
- OKB-153 – Antonov
- OKB-154 – Kosberg, previously OKB-296
- OKB-155 – Mikoyan (formerly Mikoyan-Gurevich)
- OKB-155-2 – (sometimes designated as OKB-2-155) OKB-155 spin-off in Dubna. Gurevich, Berezniak, Isaev... Now MKB Raduga.
- OKB-156 – Tupolev
- OKB-165 – Lyulka
- OKB-207 – Borovkov and Florov (Borovkov-Florov D, Borovkov-Florov I-207)
- OKB-240 – Yermolaev
- OKB-246 – OKBM (naval nuclear propulsion)
- OKB-256 – Tsybin
- OKB-276 – Kuznetsov
- OKB-296 – renamed to OKB-154 in 1946 KB Khimavtomatika
- OKB-300 – Tumansky
- OKB-301 – Lavochkin
- OKB-329 – Mil
- SKB-385 – Makeev
- OKG-456 – Glushko
- OKB-458 – Chetverikov
- OKB-478 – Ivchenko
- OKB-575 – Kovrov
- OKB-586 – Yangel
- OKB-692 – JSC "Khartron" (formerly KB electropriborostroeniya, then NPO "Electropribor")
- OKB-794 – Leninets[3]
- OKB-938 – Kamov
See also
References
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External links
- Factories, Research and Design Establishments of the Soviet Defence Industry: a Guide. University of Warwick, Department of Economics.
- Aviation.ru - "OKBs"