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The '''katal''' (symbol: '''kat''') is a unit of the [[International System of Units]] (SI)<ref name=":1">{{cite journal |author=Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry (NC-IUB)|title=Units of Enzyme Activity|journal=European Journal of Biochemistry|volume=97 |pages=319–20 |year=1979 |doi = 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1979.tb13116.x |issue=2|doi-access=free}}</ref> used for [[Quantification (science)|quantifying]] the catalytic activity of [[enzyme]]s (that is, measuring the [[enzyme assay#Enzyme activity|enzymatic activity]] level in [[enzyme catalysis]]) and other catalysts.<!-- Please do not link "catalyst"; it redirects to the already-linked catalysis. --> One katal is that [[catalytic activity]] that will raise the rate of conversion by one mole per second in a specified assay system.<ref name=":1" /> | The '''katal''' (symbol: '''kat''') is a unit of the [[International System of Units]] (SI)<ref name=":1">{{cite journal |author=Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry (NC-IUB)|title=Units of Enzyme Activity|journal=European Journal of Biochemistry|volume=97 |pages=319–20 |year=1979 |doi = 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1979.tb13116.x |issue=2|doi-access=free}}</ref> used for [[Quantification (science)|quantifying]] the catalytic activity of [[enzyme]]s (that is, measuring the [[enzyme assay#Enzyme activity|enzymatic activity]] level in [[enzyme catalysis]]) and other catalysts.<!-- Please do not link "catalyst"; it redirects to the already-linked catalysis. --> One katal is that [[catalytic activity]] that will raise the rate of conversion by one mole per second in a specified assay system.<ref name=":1" /> | ||
The unit "katal" is not attached to a specified measurement procedure or assay condition, but any given catalytic activity is: the value measured depends on experimental conditions that must be specified.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dybkær |first=R. |date=1979 |title=Approved recommendation (1978) quantities and units in clinical chemistry |url=https:// | The unit "katal" is not attached to a specified measurement procedure or assay condition, but any given catalytic activity is: the value measured depends on experimental conditions that must be specified.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dybkær |first=R. |date=1979 |title=Approved recommendation (1978) quantities and units in clinical chemistry |url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981%2879%2990065-2 |journal=Clinica Chimica Acta |volume=96 |issue=1 |pages=157–183 |doi=10.1016/0009-8981(79)90065-2 |issn=0009-8981|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=BIPM |title=Le Système international d'unités / The International System of Units ('The SI Brochure') |publisher=Bureau international des poids et mesures |year=2019 |isbn=978-92-822-2272-0 |edition=9e}}</ref> Therefore, to define the quantity of a catalyst in katals, the ''catalysed rate of conversion'' (the rate of conversion in presence of the catalyst minus the rate of spontaneous conversion) of a defined chemical reaction is measured in moles per second.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2001|title=UNIT "KATAL" FOR CATALYTIC ACTIVITY (IUPAC Technical Report)|url=http://publications.iupac.org/pac/2001/pdf/7306x0927.pdf|journal=Pure and Applied Chemistry|volume=73|issue=6|pages=927–931|doi=10.1351/pac200173060927|last1=Dybkær|first1=René|s2cid=195819612 }}</ref> One katal of [[trypsin]], for example, is that amount of trypsin which breaks one mole of [[peptide]] bonds in one second under the associated specified conditions.{{clarify|date=February 2020}} | ||
==Definition== | ==Definition== | ||
One katal refers to an amount of enzyme that gives a catalysed rate of conversion of one [[Mole (unit)|mole]] per [[second]].<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2014-05-01|title=Standards for Reporting Enzyme Data: The STRENDA Consortium: What it aims to do and why it should be helpful|journal=Perspectives in Science|language=en|volume=1|issue=1–6|pages=131–137|doi=10.1016/j.pisc.2014.02.012|issn=2213-0209|doi-access=free|last1=Tipton|first1=Keith F.|last2=Armstrong|first2=Richard N.|last3=Bakker|first3=Barbara M.|last4=Bairoch|first4=Amos|last5=Cornish-Bowden|first5=Athel|last6=Halling|first6=Peter J.|last7=Hofmeyr|first7=Jan-Hendrik|last8=Leyh|first8=Thomas S.|last9=Kettner|first9=Carsten|last10=Raushel|first10=Frank M.|last11=Rohwer|first11=Johann|last12=Schomburg|first12=Dietmar|last13=Steinbeck|first13=Christoph}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Baltierra-Trejo|first1=Eduardo|last2=Márquez-Benavides|first2=Liliana|last3=Sánchez-Yáñez|first3=Juan Manuel|date=2015-12-01|title=Inconsistencies and ambiguities in calculating enzyme activity: The case of laccase|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167701215300853|journal=Journal of Microbiological Methods|language=en|volume=119|pages=126–131|doi=10.1016/j.mimet.2015.10.007|pmid=26459230|issn=0167-7012|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Because this is such a large unit for most enzymatic reactions, the nanokatal (nkat) is used in practice.<ref name=":0" /> | One katal refers to an amount of enzyme that gives a catalysed rate of conversion of one [[Mole (unit)|mole]] per [[second]].<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2014-05-01|title=Standards for Reporting Enzyme Data: The STRENDA Consortium: What it aims to do and why it should be helpful|journal=Perspectives in Science|language=en|volume=1|issue=1–6|pages=131–137|doi=10.1016/j.pisc.2014.02.012|issn=2213-0209|doi-access=free|last1=Tipton|first1=Keith F.|last2=Armstrong|first2=Richard N.|last3=Bakker|first3=Barbara M.|last4=Bairoch|first4=Amos|last5=Cornish-Bowden|first5=Athel|last6=Halling|first6=Peter J.|last7=Hofmeyr|first7=Jan-Hendrik|last8=Leyh|first8=Thomas S.|last9=Kettner|first9=Carsten|last10=Raushel|first10=Frank M.|last11=Rohwer|first11=Johann|last12=Schomburg|first12=Dietmar|last13=Steinbeck|first13=Christoph |bibcode=2014PerSc...1..131T }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Baltierra-Trejo|first1=Eduardo|last2=Márquez-Benavides|first2=Liliana|last3=Sánchez-Yáñez|first3=Juan Manuel|date=2015-12-01|title=Inconsistencies and ambiguities in calculating enzyme activity: The case of laccase|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167701215300853|journal=Journal of Microbiological Methods|language=en|volume=119|pages=126–131|doi=10.1016/j.mimet.2015.10.007|pmid=26459230|issn=0167-7012|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Because this is such a large unit for most enzymatic reactions, the nanokatal (nkat) is used in practice.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
:<math alt="katal equals mole per second">\text{kat}=\frac{\text{mol}}{\text{s}}</math> | :<math alt="katal equals mole per second">\text{kat}=\frac{\text{mol}}{\text{s}}</math> | ||
The katal is not used to express the [[Reaction rate|rate of a reaction]]; that is expressed in units of concentration per second, as [[Mole (unit)|moles]] per [[liter]] per second. Rather, the katal is used to express catalytic activity, which is a property of the catalyst. | The katal is not used to express the [[Reaction rate|rate of a reaction]]; that is expressed in units of concentration per second, as [[Mole (unit)|moles]] per [[liter]] per second. Rather, the katal is used to express catalytic activity, which is a property of the catalyst. | ||
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== History == | == History == | ||
The [[General Conference on Weights and Measures]] and other international organizations recommend use of the katal.<ref>{{cite web|title=SI Brochure, Table 3: Coherent derived units in the SI with special names and symbols)|url=https://www.bipm.org/en/publications/si-brochure/table3.html|access-date=2019-05-13|publisher=Bureau international des poids et mesures (BIPM)|archive-date=2019-03-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321011303/https://www.bipm.org/en/publications/si-brochure/table3.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> It replaces the non-SI [[enzyme unit]] of catalytic activity. The enzyme unit is still more commonly used than the katal,<ref name=":0" /> especially in [[biochemistry]].{{citation needed|date=September 2018}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dybkaer |first=Rene |date=March 2002 |title=The tortuous road to the adoption of katal for the expression of catalytic activity by the General Conference on Weights and Measures | The [[General Conference on Weights and Measures]] and other international organizations recommend use of the katal.<ref>{{cite web|title=SI Brochure, Table 3: Coherent derived units in the SI with special names and symbols)|url=https://www.bipm.org/en/publications/si-brochure/table3.html|access-date=2019-05-13|publisher=Bureau international des poids et mesures (BIPM)|archive-date=2019-03-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321011303/https://www.bipm.org/en/publications/si-brochure/table3.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> It replaces the non-SI [[enzyme unit]] of catalytic activity. The enzyme unit is still more commonly used than the katal,<ref name=":0" /> especially in [[biochemistry]].{{citation needed|date=September 2018}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dybkaer |first=Rene |date=March 2002 |title=The tortuous road to the adoption of katal for the expression of catalytic activity by the General Conference on Weights and Measures |journal=Clinical Chemistry |volume=48 |issue=3 |pages=586–90 |doi=10.1093/clinchem/48.3.586 |pmid=11861460 }}</ref> The adoption of the katal has been slow.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dybkaer|first=René|date=March 2002|title=The tortuous road to the adoption of katal for the expression of catalytic activity by the General Conference on Weights and Measures|journal=Clinical Chemistry|volume=48|issue=3|pages=586–590|doi=10.1093/clinchem/48.3.586|issn=0009-9147|pmid=11861460|doi-access=free}}</ref> | ||
==Origin== | ==Origin== | ||
The name "katal" has been used for decades. The first proposal to make it an SI unit came in 1978,<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal|date=1979|title=Units of Enzyme Activity Recommendations 1978|journal=European Journal of Biochemistry|publisher=Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry (NC-IUB)|volume=97|issue=2|pages=319–320|doi=10.1111/j.1432-1033.1979.tb13116.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> and it became an official SI unit in 1999.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal|date=2001|title=UNIT "KATAL" FOR CATALYTIC ACTIVITY (IUPAC Technical Report)|url=http://publications.iupac.org/pac/2001/pdf/7306x0927.pdf|journal=Pure and Applied Chemistry|volume=73|issue=6|pages=927–931|doi=10.1351/pac200173060927|last1=Dybkær|first1=René|s2cid=195819612 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016|title=Topic 20: Working with enzymes|url=http://www.ncbe.reading.ac.uk/SAFETY/PDF/EnzymeSafety.pdf|access-date=31 October 2020|publisher=The Association for Science Education}}</ref> The name comes from the [[Ancient Greek]] κατάλυσις (''katalysis''), meaning "dissolution";<ref name="AHD">{{Citation |author=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |title=The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |url=https://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=catalysis}}</ref> the word "[[catalysis]]" itself is a Latinized form of the Greek word.<ref name="AHD"/><ref>{{cite web |last= Harper |first=Douglas |title=catalysis (n.) |url= https://www.etymonline.com/word/catalysis#etymonline_v_27786 |work=Etymonline |access-date=2019-04-03 }}</ref> | The name "katal" has been used for decades. The first proposal to make it an SI unit came in 1978,<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal|date=1979|title=Units of Enzyme Activity Recommendations 1978|journal=European Journal of Biochemistry|publisher=Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry (NC-IUB)|volume=97|issue=2|pages=319–320|doi=10.1111/j.1432-1033.1979.tb13116.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> and it became an official SI unit in 1999.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal|date=2001|title=UNIT "KATAL" FOR CATALYTIC ACTIVITY (IUPAC Technical Report)|url=http://publications.iupac.org/pac/2001/pdf/7306x0927.pdf|journal=Pure and Applied Chemistry|volume=73|issue=6|pages=927–931|doi=10.1351/pac200173060927|last1=Dybkær|first1=René|s2cid=195819612 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016|title=Topic 20: Working with enzymes|url=http://www.ncbe.reading.ac.uk/SAFETY/PDF/EnzymeSafety.pdf|access-date=31 October 2020|publisher=The Association for Science Education|archive-date=6 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106140652/http://www.ncbe.reading.ac.uk/SAFETY/PDF/EnzymeSafety.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> The name comes from the [[Ancient Greek]] κατάλυσις (''katalysis''), meaning "dissolution";<ref name="AHD">{{Citation |author=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |title=The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |url=https://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=catalysis}}</ref> the word "[[catalysis]]" itself is a Latinized form of the Greek word.<ref name="AHD"/><ref>{{cite web |last= Harper |first=Douglas |title=catalysis (n.) |url= https://www.etymonline.com/word/catalysis#etymonline_v_27786 |work=Etymonline |access-date=2019-04-03 }}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 04:40, 23 August 2025
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "For". Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Template:Infobox Unit The katal (symbol: kat) is a unit of the International System of Units (SI)[1] used for quantifying the catalytic activity of enzymes (that is, measuring the enzymatic activity level in enzyme catalysis) and other catalysts. One katal is that catalytic activity that will raise the rate of conversion by one mole per second in a specified assay system.[1]
The unit "katal" is not attached to a specified measurement procedure or assay condition, but any given catalytic activity is: the value measured depends on experimental conditions that must be specified.[2][3] Therefore, to define the quantity of a catalyst in katals, the catalysed rate of conversion (the rate of conversion in presence of the catalyst minus the rate of spontaneous conversion) of a defined chemical reaction is measured in moles per second.[4] One katal of trypsin, for example, is that amount of trypsin which breaks one mole of peptide bonds in one second under the associated specified conditions.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Definition
One katal refers to an amount of enzyme that gives a catalysed rate of conversion of one mole per second.[5][6] Because this is such a large unit for most enzymatic reactions, the nanokatal (nkat) is used in practice.[6]
The katal is not used to express the rate of a reaction; that is expressed in units of concentration per second, as moles per liter per second. Rather, the katal is used to express catalytic activity, which is a property of the catalyst.
SI multiples
| Submultiples | Multiples | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value | SI symbol | Name | Value | SI symbol | Name |
| 10−1 kat | dkat | decikatal | 101 kat | dakat | decakatal |
| 10−2 kat | ckat | centikatal | 102 kat | hkat | hectokatal |
| 10−3 kat | mkat | millikatal | 103 kat | kkat | kilokatal |
| 10−6 kat | μkat | microkatal | 106 kat | Mkat | megakatal |
| 10−9 kat | nkat | nanokatal | 109 kat | Gkat | gigakatal |
| 10−12 kat | pkat | picokatal | 1012 kat | Tkat | terakatal |
| 10−15 kat | fkat | femtokatal | 1015 kat | Pkat | petakatal |
| 10−18 kat | akat | attokatal | 1018 kat | Ekat | exakatal |
| 10−21 kat | zkat | zeptokatal | 1021 kat | Zkat | zettakatal |
| 10−24 kat | ykat | yoctokatal | 1024 kat | Ykat | yottakatal |
| 10−27 kat | rkat | rontokatal | 1027 kat | Rkat | ronnakatal |
| 10−30 kat | qkat | quectokatal | 1030 kat | Qkat | quettakatal |
History
The General Conference on Weights and Measures and other international organizations recommend use of the katal.[7] It replaces the non-SI enzyme unit of catalytic activity. The enzyme unit is still more commonly used than the katal,[6] especially in biochemistry.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".[8] The adoption of the katal has been slow.[6][9]
Origin
The name "katal" has been used for decades. The first proposal to make it an SI unit came in 1978,[6][10] and it became an official SI unit in 1999.[6][11][12] The name comes from the Ancient Greek κατάλυσις (katalysis), meaning "dissolution";[13] the word "catalysis" itself is a Latinized form of the Greek word.[13][14]
References
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External links
- Unit "katal" for catalytic activity (IUPAC Technical Report) Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 73, No. 6, pp. 927–931 (2001) [1]
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