Devanagari numerals: Difference between revisions

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==Table==
==Table==
In modern-era, languages like Hindi, Marathi and Nepali have adopted Devanagari as the standard script, before which they were respectively written using [[Kaithi script|Kaithi]], [[Modi script|Modi]] and [[Newari scripts]].
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! [[Nepali language|Nepali]]
! [[Nepali language|Nepali]]
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|-
|style="font-size:200%"|० || [[0 (number)|0]] ||शून्य ({{IAST|śūnya}}) || शून्य ({{IAST|śūny}})|| शून्य ({{IAST|śūnya}})|| शून्य ({{IAST|śūnya}})
|style="font-size:200%"|० || [[0 (number)|0]] ||शून्य ({{IAST|śūnya}}) || शून्य<ref>{{cite web |title=शून्य (Shoony) का तद्भव - Hindi Tutor |url=https://hinditutor.in/qa/97246/शून्य-shoony-का-तद्भव |website=hinditutor.in}}</ref> ({{IAST|śūnya}})|| शून्य ({{IAST|śūnya}})|| {{Lang|ne|शून्य}} ({{Lang|ne-Latn|śūnya}}) — colloq.सुन्ना<ref>{{cite web |title=सुन्ना |url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/सुन्ना#Nepali |website=Wiktionary, the free dictionary |language=en |date=28 February 2021}}</ref> ({{IAST|sunnā}})
|-
|-
|style="font-size:200%"|१ || [[1 (number)|1]] ||एक {{IAST|eka}} ||एक ({{IAST|ek}}) || एक ({{IAST|ek}})|| एक ({{IAST|ek}})
|style="font-size:200%"|१ || [[1 (number)|1]] ||{{Lang|sa|एक}} ({{Lang|sa-Latn|eka}}) ||एक ({{IAST|ek}}) || एक ({{IAST|ek}})|| एक ({{IAST|ek}})
|-
|-
|style="font-size:200%"|२ || [[2 (number)|2]] ||द्वि {{IAST|dvi}} ||दो ({{IAST|do}}) || दोन ({{IAST|don}})|| दुइ  ({{IAST|dui}})
|style="font-size:200%"|२ || [[2 (number)|2]] ||द्वि ({{IAST|dvi}}) ||दो ({{IAST|do}}) || दोन ({{IAST|don}})|| दुई ({{IAST|dui}})
|-
|-
|style="font-size:200%"|३ || [[3 (number)|3]] ||त्रि {{IAST|tri}} ||तीन ({{IAST|tīn}}) || तीन ({{IAST|tīn}})|| तिन ({{IAST|tīn}})
|style="font-size:200%"|३ || [[3 (number)|3]] ||त्रि ({{IAST|tri}}) ||तीन ({{IAST|tīn}}) || तीन ({{IAST|tīn}})|| तिन ({{IAST|tīn}})
|-
|-
|style="font-size:200%"|४ || [[4 (number)|4]] ||चतुर् {{IAST|catur}} ||चार ({{IAST|cār}}) || चार ({{IAST|cār}})|| चारि ({{IAST|cāri}})
|style="font-size:200%"|४ || [[4 (number)|4]] ||चतुर् ({{IAST|catur}}) ||चार ({{IAST|cār}}) || चार ({{IAST|cār}})|| चारि ({{IAST|cāri}})
|-
|-
|style="font-size:200%"|५ || [[5 (number)|5]] ||पञ्च {{IAST|pañca}} ||पाँच ({{IAST|pāñc}}) || पाच ({{IAST|pāch}})|| पाँच ({{IAST|pānch}})
|style="font-size:200%"|५ || [[5 (number)|5]] ||पञ्च ({{IAST|pañca}}) ||पाँच ({{IAST|pāñc}}) || पाच ({{IAST|pāch}})|| पाँच ({{IAST|pāñc}})
|-
|-
|style="font-size:200%"|६ || [[6 (number)|6]] ||षट् {{IAST|ṣaṭ}} ||छह ({{IAST|chah}}) || सहा ({{IAST|sahā}})|| छअ ({{IAST|chaā}})
|style="font-size:200%"|६ || [[6 (number)|6]] ||षष् ({{IAST|ṣaṣ}})||छह ({{IAST|chah}}) || सहा ({{IAST|sahā}})|| छ ({{IAST|chha}})
|-
|-
|style="font-size:200%"|७ || [[7 (number)|7]] ||सप्त {{IAST|sapta}} ||सात ({{IAST|sāt}}) || सात ({{IAST|sāt}})|| सात ({{IAST|sāt}})
|style="font-size:200%"|७ || [[7 (number)|7]] ||सप्त ({{IAST|sapta}}) ||सात ({{IAST|sāt}}) || सात ({{IAST|sāt}})|| सात ({{IAST|sāt}})
|-
|-
|style="font-size:200%"|८ || [[8 (number)|8]] ||अष्ट {{IAST|aṣṭa}} ||आठ ({{IAST|āṭh}}) || आठ ({{IAST|āṭh}})|| आठ ({{IAST|āṭha}})
|style="font-size:200%"|८ || [[8 (number)|8]] ||अष्ट ({{IAST|aṣṭa}}) ||आठ ({{IAST|āṭh}}) || आठ ({{IAST|āṭh}})|| आठ ({{IAST|āṭh}})
|-
|-
|style="font-size:200%"|९ || [[9 (number)|9]] ||नव {{IAST|nava}} ||नौ ({{IAST|nau}}) || नऊ ({{IAST|naū}})|| नअ ({{IAST|nā}})
|style="font-size:200%"|९ || [[9 (number)|9]] ||नव ({{IAST|nava}}) ||नौ ({{IAST|nau}}) || नऊ ({{IAST|naū}})|| नौ ({{IAST|nau}})


|}
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The word {{IAST|śūnya}} for zero was [[calque]]d into [[Arabic language|Arabic]] as {{lang|ar|صفر|rtl=yes}} {{lang|ar-Latn|sifr}}, meaning 'nothing', which became the term "zero" in many European languages via [[Medieval Latin]] {{Lang|la-x-medieval|zephirum}}.<ref name="Zero">{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=zero|title=zero - Origin and meaning of zero by Online Etymology Dictionary|website=www.etymonline.com}} </ref>
The word {{IAST|śūnya}} for zero was [[calque]]d into [[Arabic language|Arabic]] as {{lang|ar|صفر|rtl=yes}} {{lang|ar-Latn|sifr}}, meaning 'nothing', which became the term "zero" in many European languages via [[Medieval Latin]] {{Lang|la-x-medieval|zephirum}}.<ref name="Zero">{{cite web|url=https://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=zero|title=zero - Origin and meaning of zero by Online Etymology Dictionary|website=www.etymonline.com}} </ref> In [[Hindustani language]], it was borrowed from Arabic (via Persian) as {{linktext|सिफ़र}} ({{IAST|sifar}}).


==Variants==
==Variants==
{{moreref|section|date=September 2017}}
{{moreref|section|date=September 2017}}
[[File:Sanskrit_Arabic_numerals.jpg|thumb|A comparison of Sanskrit and [[Eastern Arabic numerals]]]]
[[File:Sanskrit_Arabic_numerals.jpg|thumb|A comparison of Sanskrit and [[Eastern Arabic numerals]]]]
Devanagari digits shapes may vary depending on geographical area or epoch. Some of the variants are also seen in older Sanskrit literature.<ref>[http://mirrors.ctan.org/language/devanagari/velthuis/doc/manual.pdf Devanagari for TEX version 2.17], page 22</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Alternate digits in Devanagari|url=http://scriptsource.org/cms/scripts/page.php?item_id=entry_detail&uid=hvzj8v9yrg|publisher=Scriptsource.org|access-date=13 September 2017}}</ref>
Devanagari digits shapes may vary depending on geographical area or epoch. Some of the variants are also seen in older Sanskrit literature.<ref>[https://mirrors.ctan.org/language/devanagari/velthuis/doc/manual.pdf Devanagari for TEX version 2.17], page 22</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Alternate digits in Devanagari|url=http://scriptsource.org/cms/scripts/page.php?item_id=entry_detail&uid=hvzj8v9yrg|publisher=Scriptsource.org|access-date=13 September 2017}}</ref>
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Latest revision as of 10:03, 6 October 2025

Template:Short description Template:Sidebar with collapsible groups

The Devanagari numerals are the symbols used to write numbers in the Devanagari script, predominantly used for northern Indian languages. They are used to write decimal numbers, instead of the Western Arabic numerals.

Table

In modern-era, languages like Hindi, Marathi and Nepali have adopted Devanagari as the standard script, before which they were respectively written using Kaithi, Modi and Newari scripts.

Modern
Devanagari		 Western
Arabic 		Words for the cardinal number
Sanskrit
(wordstem) 		Hindi Marathi Nepali
० 0 शून्य (Template:Transliteration) शून्य[1] (Template:Transliteration) शून्य (Template:Transliteration) Script error: No such module "Lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) — colloq.सुन्ना[2] (Template:Transliteration)
१ 1 Script error: No such module "Lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) एक (Template:Transliteration) एक (Template:Transliteration) एक (Template:Transliteration)
२ 2 द्वि (Template:Transliteration) दो (Template:Transliteration) दोन (Template:Transliteration) दुई (Template:Transliteration)
३ 3 त्रि (Template:Transliteration) तीन (Template:Transliteration) तीन (Template:Transliteration) तिन (Template:Transliteration)
४ 4 चतुर् (Template:Transliteration) चार (Template:Transliteration) चार (Template:Transliteration) चारि (Template:Transliteration)
५ 5 पञ्च (Template:Transliteration) पाँच (Template:Transliteration) पाच (Template:Transliteration) पाँच (Template:Transliteration)
६ 6 षष् (Template:Transliteration) छह (Template:Transliteration) सहा (Template:Transliteration) छ (Template:Transliteration)
७ 7 सप्त (Template:Transliteration) सात (Template:Transliteration) सात (Template:Transliteration) सात (Template:Transliteration)
८ 8 अष्ट (Template:Transliteration) आठ (Template:Transliteration) आठ (Template:Transliteration) आठ (Template:Transliteration)
९ 9 नव (Template:Transliteration) नौ (Template:Transliteration) नऊ (Template:Transliteration) नौ (Template:Transliteration)

The word Template:Transliteration for zero was calqued into Arabic as Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang"., meaning 'nothing', which became the term "zero" in many European languages via Medieval Latin Script error: No such module "Lang"..[3] In Hindustani language, it was borrowed from Arabic (via Persian) as Template:Linktext (Template:Transliteration).

Variants

Template:Moreref

File:Sanskrit Arabic numerals.jpg
A comparison of Sanskrit and Eastern Arabic numerals

Devanagari digits shapes may vary depending on geographical area or epoch. Some of the variants are also seen in older Sanskrit literature.[4][5]

१ File:Devanagari Numeral 1 var 1.png
Common 		File:Devanagari Numeral 1 var 2.png
Nepali 		1
५ File:Devanagari Numeral 5 var 1.png
"Bombay" Variant 		File:Devanagari Numeral 5 var 2.png
"Calcutta" Variant 		5
८ File:Devanagari Numeral 8 var 1.png
"Bombay" Variant 		File:Devanagari Numeral 8 var 2.png
"Calcutta" Variant 		8
९ File:Devanagari Numeral 9 var 1.png
Common 		File:Devanagari Numeral 9 var 2.png
Nepali Variant 		9

In Nepali language ५, ८, ९ (5, 8, 9) - these numbers are slightly different from modern Devanagari numbers. In Nepali language uses old Devanagari system for writing these numbers, like Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang".

See also

References

Notes

Template:Reflist

Sources

Template:Nepali language Template:Devanagari abugida

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Devanagari for TEX version 2.17, page 22
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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