Enkhuizen: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | ||
<!-- Name and transliteration --> | <!-- Name and transliteration -->| name = Enkhuizen | ||
| name | | settlement_type = [[List of cities in the Netherlands by province|City]] and [[List of municipalities of the Netherlands|municipality]] | ||
| settlement_type | <!-- Images, nickname, motto -->| image_skyline = {{multiple images | ||
<!-- Images, nickname, motto --> | | total_width = 280 | ||
| | | border = infobox | ||
| | | perrow = 1/2/2/1 | ||
| | | caption_align = center | ||
| image_flag | | image1 = 00 0493 Drommedaris - Enkhuizen.jpg | ||
| flag_size | | alt1 = Drommedaris | ||
| flag_alt | | caption1 = [[Drommedaris]] | ||
| image_shield | | image2 = Enkhuizen - Torenstraat - View East towards Zuiderkerktoren III.jpg | ||
| shield_size | | alt2 = Torenstraat | ||
| shield_alt | | caption2 = Torenstraat | ||
<!-- Maps, coordinates --> | | image3 = Enkhuizen, de Koepoort foto5 2010-06-05 10.03.JPG | ||
| image_map | | alt3 = Koepoort | ||
| map_alt | | caption3 = [[Koepoort]] | ||
| map_caption | | image4 = Enkhuizen, Netherlands - panoramio (140).jpg | ||
| pushpin_map | | alt4 = Former town hall | ||
| pushpin_map_caption | | caption4 = Former town hall | ||
| pushpin_relief | | image5 = Enkhuizen, Netherlands - panoramio (157).jpg | ||
| coordinates | | alt5 = Harbour | ||
| coordinates_footnotes | | caption5 = Harbourfront | ||
| subdivision_type | }} | ||
| subdivision_name | | image_alt = | ||
| subdivision_type1 | | image_flag = Enkhuizen vlag.svg | ||
| subdivision_name1 | | flag_size = 100x67px | ||
| government_footnotes | | flag_alt = | ||
| governing_body | | image_shield = Coat of arms of Enkhuizen.svg | ||
| leader_party | | shield_size = 100x80px | ||
| leader_title | | shield_alt = <!-- Maps, coordinates --> | ||
| leader_name | | nickname = Haringstad | ||
<!-- Geographic information --> | | motto = Candide et constanter (Candidly and constantly) | ||
| unit_pref | | image_map = Map - NL - Municipality code 0388 (2009).svg | ||
| map_alt = Highlighted position of Enkhuizen in a municipal map of North Holland | |||
| map_caption = Location in North Holland | |||
| pushpin_map = Netherlands#Europe | |||
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within the Netherlands##Location within Europe | |||
| pushpin_relief = 1 | |||
| coordinates = {{coord|52|42|N|5|18|E|region:NL|display=inline,title}} | |||
| coordinates_footnotes = | |||
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] | |||
| subdivision_name = [[Netherlands]] | |||
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of the Netherlands|Province]] | |||
| subdivision_name1 = [[North Holland]] | |||
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of the Netherlands|Subregion]] | |||
| subdivision_name2 = [[West Friesland (region)|West Friesland]] | |||
| government_footnotes = | |||
| governing_body = [[Municipal council (Netherlands)|Municipal council]] | |||
| leader_party = | |||
| leader_title = [[Burgemeester|Mayor]] | |||
| leader_name = [[Eduard van Zuijlen]] | |||
<!-- Geographic information -->| unit_pref = Metric | |||
<!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion --> | <!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion --> | ||
<!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->| area_footnotes = <ref>{{Dutch municipality total area|dataref}}</ref> | ||
| area_footnotes | <!-- square kilometers -->| area_total_km2 = {{Dutch municipality total area|Enkhuizen}} | ||
<!-- square kilometers --> | | area_land_km2 = {{Dutch municipality land area|Enkhuizen}} | ||
| area_total_km2 | | area_water_km2 = {{Dutch municipality water area|Enkhuizen}} | ||
| area_land_km2 | | elevation_footnotes = <ref name="AHN">{{cite web | ||
| area_water_km2 | |||
| elevation_footnotes | |||
|url = http://www.ahn.nl/postcodetool | |url = http://www.ahn.nl/postcodetool | ||
|title = Postcodetool for 1601KA | |title = Postcodetool for 1601KA | ||
| Line 49: | Line 67: | ||
|publisher = Het Waterschapshuis | |publisher = Het Waterschapshuis | ||
|access-date = 3 March 2014}}</ref> | |access-date = 3 March 2014}}</ref> | ||
| elevation_m | | elevation_m = 3 | ||
| elevation_max_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | | elevation_max_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | ||
| elevation_max_m | | elevation_max_m = | ||
| elevation_min_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | | elevation_min_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | ||
| elevation_min_m | | elevation_min_m = <!-- Population, demographics --> | ||
<!-- Population, demographics --> | | population_footnotes = <ref>{{Dutch municipality population|dataref}}</ref> | ||
| population_footnotes | | population_total = 18847 | ||
| population_total | | population_as_of = 2025 | ||
| population_as_of | | population_density_km2 = auto | ||
| population_density_km2 | | population_demonym = Enkhuizer | ||
| population_demonym | <!-- Other information -->| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | ||
<!-- Other information --> | | utc_offset = +1 | ||
| timezone | | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | ||
| utc_offset | | utc_offset_DST = +2 | ||
| timezone_DST | | postal_code_type = [[Postal codes in the Netherlands|Postcode]] | ||
| utc_offset_DST | | postal_code = 1600–1602 | ||
| postal_code_type | | area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in the Netherlands|Area code]] | ||
| postal_code | | area_code = 0228 | ||
| area_code_type | | website = {{URL|1=http://www.enkhuizen.nl}} | ||
| area_code | | footnotes = | ||
| website | |||
| footnotes | |||
}} | }} | ||
[[ | '''Enkhuizen''' ({{IPA|nl|ɛŋkˈɦœyzə(n)|-|Nl-Enkhuizen.ogg}}) is a historic city and municipality in the [[Netherlands]]. Located in the region of [[West Friesland (region)|West Friesland]] in the province of [[North Holland]], the city developed as an important fishing and trading port during the [[Middle Ages]] and the [[Dutch Golden Age]], when it was one of the wealthiest and most influential cities in the country. | ||
'''Enkhuizen''' | Today, the town is known for its well-preserved historic centre, maritime heritage, and cultural attractions. Enkhuizen remains an active regional hub with a population of approximately 18.843 inhabitants in 2025.<ref name=":11" /> | ||
== Etymology == | |||
The name Enkhuizen appears in historical records as early as 1283, when it was written as ''Enkus(e)'' in a document about the robbery of English merchants.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Enkhuizen |url=https://www.westfriesarchief.nl/werkgebied/gemeente-enkhuizen-voor-1812/ |access-date=4 July 2025 |website=Westfries Archief |language=nl-NL}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cox |first=J.C.M. |date=29 June 2011 |title='Hebbende previlegie van stede' De verlening van stadsrechtprivileges in Holland en Zeeland (13de - 15de eeuw) |url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/17747 |journal=[[Leiden University Scholarly Publications]] |language=nl |location=Leiden |publisher=[[Leiden University]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615180057/https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/17747 |archive-date=15 June 2024 |access-date=4 July 2025}}</ref> Over time, it was recorded in various forms, including ''Enchusen'' in 1311 and ''Enghusen'' in 1334.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=schreef |first=Joris |title=Bijzondere (bij)namen: West-Friesland |url=https://onh.nl/verhaal/bijzondere-bijnamen-west-friesland |access-date=4 July 2025 |website=ONH |language=nl}}</ref> | |||
Several theories have been proposed to explain the origin of the name. One interpretation suggests that it derives from ''enk'' or ''eng'', old words for a piece of [[Agricultural land|farmland]], usually a high-lying arable field known in other parts of the Netherlands as an ''es'' or ''enk''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Spek |first=Theo |title=Het Drentse esdorpenlandschap: een historisch-geografische studie |publisher=[[Wageningen University and Research]] |year=2006 |location=Wageningen |language=nl |trans-title=The Drenthe esdorp landscape: a historical-geographical study}}</ref> In this view, Enkhuizen would mean “the houses near the fields.” However, this interpretation is subject to doubt, as the term ''enk'' is not attested as common regional vocabulary in West Friesland. | |||
Another possibility is that the name refers to a [[Frisian languages|Frisian]] personal name, ''Enke'' or ''Henke'', meaning “the houses belonging to Enke”.<ref name=":1" /> A more recent theory proposes a social origin, suggesting that an ''enke'' could have been a free farm labourer living in small groups of cottages separate from a central farmstead.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Groenigen |first=Rick van |date=9 May 2021 |title=Waarom heet Enkhuizen eigenlijk Enkhuizen? |url=https://westfrieskrant.nl/cultuur/waarom-heet-enkhuizen-eigenlijk-enkhuizen |access-date=4 July 2025 |language=nl-NL}}</ref> | |||
Although no single interpretation can be confirmed with certainty, these hypotheses reflect the settlement’s agricultural character and its early medieval roots. Today, the exact origin of the name Enkhuizen remains open to debate. | |||
== History == | == History == | ||
{{Main|History of Enkhuizen}} | |||
Enkhuizen, like [[Hoorn]] and [[Amsterdam]], was one of the harbour-towns of the [[Dutch East India Company|VOC]], from where overseas trade with the [[East Indies]] was conducted. It received [[City rights in the Netherlands|city rights]] in 1356. On 24 June 1572 during the [[Eighty Years' War]], in Enkhuizen five [[Franciscans]] from [[Alkmaar]] were [[Hanging|hanged]]: known as the [[martyrs of Alkmaar]]. | |||
In the mid-17th century, Enkhuizen was at the peak of its power and was one of the most important harbour cities in the Netherlands. However, due to a variety of reasons, notably the [[silting]] up of the harbours, Enkhuizen lost its position to Amsterdam. | |||
==Geography == | |||
[[File:Gem-Enkhuizen-OpenTopo.jpg|275px|thumb|''Map of Enkhuizen, June 2015'']]Enkhuizen is located in the eastern part of the [[Noorderkwartier|North Holland peninsula]], along the northern shore of the [[Markermeer]] and near the [[IJsselmeer]]. The town forms part of the historical region of West Friesland, which is characterised by low-lying polder landscapes reclaimed from the sea. Apart from the elevated [[Levee|dykes]] and the historical fortifications, most of the area lies at or below sea level. These dykes protect the built-up area and the surrounding agricultural land from flooding. | |||
The town is intersected by [[canal]]s and harbours that historically facilitated fishing, trade, and transport. The fertile reclaimed soils around Enkhuizen support horticulture and agriculture, including flower bulb cultivation. To the west, the [[Het Streekbos|Streekbos]] recreational area provides functions as a green buffer between Enkhuizen and neighbouring settlements. | |||
=== Climate === | |||
[[File:Drommedaris met de Bocht.jpg|thumb|Snowfall in Enkhuizen]] | |||
Enkhuizen has a [[Temperate climate|temperate]] [[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: Cfb), influenced by its proximity to the [[North Sea]] and the surrounding inland lakes. Summers are mild to warm, with average high temperatures between June and August of about 20–22 °C.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |title=Klimaat Enkhuizen - Het gemiddelde weer Enkhuizen {{!}} Weeronline |url=https://www.weeronline.nl/Europa/Nederland/Enkhuizen/4058262/klimaat |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=www.weeronline.nl}}</ref> Periods of very warm weather, exceeding 30 °C, are infrequent. Winters are generally mild, with average daytime temperatures in January around 6 °C.<ref name=":13" /> Nighttime frosts occur occasionally, particularly during easterly winds from the continent, but the large water bodies help to moderate temperature extremes. | |||
Precipitation is spread fairly evenly throughout the year, with annual totals typically between 800 and 900 millimetres.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Het klimaat van Enkhuizen - klimaatinfo Enkhuizen |url=https://klimaatinfo.nl/klimaat/nederland/enkhuizen/ |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=klimaatinfo.nl}}</ref> The late summer and autumn months tend to be the wettest, while winter is somewhat drier. Wind conditions are also influenced by the open exposure to the Markermeer and IJsselmeer, with frequent westerly winds and stronger gusts common during autumn and winter storms. | |||
== Demography == | |||
{{Historical populations | {{Historical populations | ||
|title = Historical population | |title = Historical population | ||
| Line 96: | Line 138: | ||
|1732|10420 | |1732|10420 | ||
|1795|6803 | |1795|6803 | ||
}} | }}As of 1 January 2025, the municipality of Enkhuizen has 18.843 residents, a steady increase from 16,124 in 1995 (17% rise over 30 years), with an average annual growth of 0.5%.<ref name=":11" /> The city comprises 8.884 households, averaging 2.1 persons per household, and has approximately 10.852 addresses in total.<ref name=":11" /> The population distribution is relatively even across age groups, with the largest cohort (27%) aged between 45 and 65. The population density is approximately 1.389 addresses per square kilometre, reflecting a compact urban setting.<ref name=":11" /> | ||
Enkhuizen, | |||
In 2023, the birth rate was about 9 per 1,000 inhabitants and the death rate around 11 per 1.000, characteristic of an aging population.<ref name=":11" /> Migration data indicate modest levels of in- and out-migration, resulting in a small net migration gain. Regarding migration background, around 10–12% of residents in certain districts have a non-native or non-Western background, indicating some diversity, though the municipality remains predominantly native Dutch (2023: 80%).<ref name=":11" /> | |||
== Economy == | |||
=== Tourism === | |||
Enkhuizen attracts visitors with its historic architecture, maritime heritage, and museums. The centre includes numerous listed buildings, canals, and landmarks such as the [[Drommedaris]] tower.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Seeing and doing |url=https://www.visitenkhuizen.nl/en/seeing-and-doing/ |access-date=4 July 2025 |website=Visit Enkhuizen |language=en-GB}}</ref> | |||
Museums, such as the [[Zuiderzee Museum]], display exhibitions about regional history and attract cultural tourism.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Museum |url=http://www.zuiderzeemuseum.nl/en/page/357/museum |access-date=4 July 2025 |website=Zuiderzeemuseum |language=en}}</ref> Other attractions include [[Sprookjeswonderland]], a theme park with playgrounds and a petting zoo. The ''Enkhuizer Zand'' and Streekbos areas offer beaches, green spaces, and facilities for walking and cycling.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Marin |first=Dana |date=1 August 2021 |title=Visit the Hidden Gems of Noord-Holland: Enkhuizen, Beautiful Historic Town |url=https://amsterdamian.com/see/photos/visit-the-most-beautiful-town-enkhuizen/ |access-date=4 July 2025 |website=Amsterdamian - Amsterdam Blog |language=en-US}}</ref> | |||
The city has one of the largest marinas in the Netherlands, supporting [[sailing]], recreational boating, and seasonal ferry services to [[Medemblik]].<ref>{{cite book|title=DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: The Netherlands: The Netherlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HFFTqI5PoYsC|date=1 August 2011|publisher=DK Publishing|isbn=978-0-7566-8476-1|page=178}}</ref> Throughout the year, Enkhuizen hosts markets, maritime festivals, and other public events that attract visitors. | |||
=== Retail === | |||
Retail in Enkhuizen is concentrated primarily along ''Westerstraat'', a historic street lined with a mix of independent boutiques, specialty shops, and larger chain retailers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shopping in Enkhuizen |url=https://www.visitenkhuizen.nl/en/shopping-in-enkhuizen/ |access-date=4 July 2025 |website=Visit Enkhuizen |language=en-GB}}</ref> Here, a weekly market is held every Wednesday.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Markets and weekly markets |url=https://www.visitenkhuizen.nl/en/shopping-in-enkhuizen/markets-and-weekly-markets/ |access-date=4 July 2025 |website=Visit Enkhuizen |language=en-GB}}</ref> | |||
=== Industry === | |||
Enkhuizen has a diverse industrial base that includes [[seed]] breeding, food production, and maritime services. The town is part of Seed Valley, a regional cluster of companies active in the development and trade of seeds for vegetable and flower cultivation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2021 |title=Seed Valley — a smart way to grow |url=https://www.seedvalley.nl/ |access-date=4 July 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=grapefrute |date=5 October 2024 |title=www.grapefrute.com - Seed Valley Netherlands: Creating the Foods of the Future |url=https://www.grapefrute.com/seed-valley-netherlands-creating-the-foods-of-the-future/ |access-date=4 July 2025 |website=www.grapefrute.com |language=en}}</ref> Major firms include [[Syngenta]], which operates research facilities in Enkhuizen, [[Enza Zaden]], a leading vegetable breeding company, and [[Bayer Crop Science]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 September 2019 |title=Syngenta Opens New Seed Innovation Center in the Netherlands |url=https://investinholland.com/news/syngenta-opens-new-seed-innovation-center-in-the-netherlands/ |access-date=4 July 2025 |website=NFIA |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2019 |title=Syngenta invests €36 million in accelerated vegetable breeding |url=https://www.seedvalley.nl/en/updates/syngenta-invests-e36-million-in-accelerated-vegetable-breeding/ |access-date=4 July 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref> The area’s seed sector contributes to exports and employment in the region. | |||
Enkhuizen is also known for the production of ''Echte Enkhuizer [[Jodenkoek|Jodekoeken]]'', a type of butter biscuit first produced locally in the early 20th century.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ons verhaal – Echte Enkhuizer |url=https://www.echteenkhuizerkoek.nl/over-ons/ |access-date=4 July 2025 |language=nl-NL}}</ref> Other economic activities include marina operations, yacht maintenance, and small-scale boatbuilding connected to the town’s location on the IJsselmeer. | |||
== Culture == | |||
Enkhuizen hosts a variety of annual cultural events. [[Koningsdag|King’s Day]] is celebrated with markets, music, and public gatherings.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vriend |first=Bart |date=20 March 2024 |title=King's Day in Enkhuizen |url=https://www.visitenkhuizen.nl/en/blog/tips-en-informatie/koningsdag-in-enkhuizen/ |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=Visit Enkhuizen |language=en-GB}}</ref> The [[Avondvierdaagse]] walking event encourages participation from residents of all ages, especially elementary school students.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2024 |title=Het regent snoep, bloemen en cadeautjes tijdens intocht Avondvierdaagse Enkhuizen |url=https://www.noordhollandsdagblad.nl/regio/west-friesland/het-regent-snoep-bloemen-en-cadeautjes-tijdens-intocht-avondvierdaagse-enkhuizen/13436404.html |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=Noordhollands Dagblad |language=nl-NL}}</ref> On 11 November, children walk the streets with lanterns, singing traditional songs in celebration of [[St. Martin's Day|St. Martin’s Day]], receiving candy in return. Also in November, the annual [[Sinterklaas]] parade marks the traditional arrival of Saint Nicholas. Other events include a light festival in December and guided evening walks through the historic centre in summer. | |||
The ''Harddraverijdag'', held on the third Thursday of September, features [[harness racing]] along the streets and a fireworks display.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Horse races |url=https://www.visitenkhuizen.nl/en/evenement/horse-races/ |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=Visit Enkhuizen |language=en-GB}}</ref> Traditional [[Carnival]] celebrations also take place, when the city is known as ''Haringdonk'' (named after [[herring]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=In beeld: Haringdonk viert feest met allereerste Prinses Carnaval |url=https://www.nhnieuws.nl/nieuws/331864/in-beeld-haringdonk-viert-feest-met-allereerste-prinses-carnaval |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=www.nhnieuws.nl |language=nl}}</ref> | |||
Since 1974, the town has organised a [[Jazz Festival Enkhuizen|jazz festival]] each May or June, attracting international performers for concerts at multiple venues. | |||
Enkhuizen has two historic [[Pieter and François Hemony|Hemony carillons]] in the [[Zuiderkerk (Enkhuizen)|Zuiderkerk]] and the Drommedaris, which sound automatically every quarter-hour and are played in summer concerts by the city carillonneur.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hemony carillon |url=https://www.visitenkhuizen.nl/en/locatie/hemony-carillon/ |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=Visit Enkhuizen |language=en-GB}}</ref> Traditional costumes (''klederdracht'') are sometimes presented at festivals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Klederdracht |url=http://www.zuiderzeemuseum.nl/nl/page/4110/klederdracht |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=Zuiderzeemuseum |language=nl}}</ref> The Drommedaris also serves as a cultural venue for concerts, film screenings, and exhibitions.<ref name=":2" /> Public art is visible throughout the city, including a number of sculptures and monuments.<ref name=":7" /> | |||
=== Museums === | |||
[[File:Zuiderzeemuseum, Waschtag.jpg|thumb|Traditional laundry demonstration at the [[Zuiderzee Museum]]]] | |||
Enkhuizen has several museums that document regional culture and maritime history. The Zuiderzee Museum combines an indoor collection with an open-air museum that includes relocated buildings and demonstrations of traditional crafts. The ''Flessenscheepjesmuseum'' specialises in [[Ship in a bottle|ships in bottles]]. | |||
Other museums include the ''Enkhuizer Almanakmuseum'', which presents the history of the oldest annual [[almanac]] in the Netherlands, and the ''Heiligenbeeldenmuseum'', focused on religious statuary.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Manon |date=27 January 2025 |title=The Oldest Almanac in The World is Made in Enkhuizen |url=https://www.visitingthedutchcountryside.com/culture/enkhuizer-almanac/ |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=Visiting The Dutch Countryside |language=en-GB}}</ref> | |||
== Architecture and landmarks == | |||
Enkhuizen has a well-preserved historic city centre that illustrates its development as a prosperous port during the Dutch Golden Age. The city’s architectural heritage includes over 360 national heritage sites ([[rijksmonument]]en), historic churches, defensive structures, and traditional merchant houses.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Zoeken in het Rijksmonumentenregister {{!}} Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed |url=https://monumentenregister.cultureelerfgoed.nl/monumentenregister?tekst=Enkhuizen |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=monumentenregister.cultureelerfgoed.nl}}</ref> | |||
=== Civic and commercial buildings === | |||
[[File:Dubbele pakhuis met trapgevels - Enkhuizen - 20406774 - RCE.jpg|thumb|Peperhuis]] | |||
The ''Peperhuis'' is a 17th-century warehouse originally used by the [[Dutch East India Company]] (VOC) for storing spices.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wierdijk 12, 1601 LA te Enkhuizen {{!}} Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed |url=https://monumentenregister.cultureelerfgoed.nl/monumenten/15235 |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=monumentenregister.cultureelerfgoed.nl}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Genootschap |first=Westfries |title=Het Peperhuis te Enkhuizen. De handel op Indië en andere buiten-Europese gebieden |url=https://westfriesgenootschap.nl/geschiedenis-van-westfriesland-in-vogelvlucht-het-peperhuis-te-enkhuizen-de-handel-op-indie-en-andere-buiten-europese-gebieden |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250117001307/https://westfriesgenootschap.nl/geschiedenis-van-westfriesland-in-vogelvlucht-het-peperhuis-te-enkhuizen-de-handel-op-indie-en-andere-buiten-europese-gebieden |archive-date=17 January 2025 |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=westfriesgenootschap.nl |language=nl-nl}}</ref> It later served as a depot for trade in goods from Asia and other overseas regions.<ref name=":5" /> Today, the Peperhuis is part of the Zuiderzee Museum and hosts exhibitions about maritime commerce and everyday life in the former [[Zuiderzee]] region.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakhuis vol verhalen |url=http://www.zuiderzeemuseum.nl/nl/page/4563/pakhuis-vol-verhalen |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=Zuiderzeemuseum |language=nl}}</ref> The Peperhuis was also used as the model for a [[List of KLM Delft Blue houses|KLM Delft Blue house]]. | |||
The [[Weigh house|''Waag'']] (weigh house), built in 1559 in [[Renaissance]] style, was used to weigh and register goods brought into the town during the 16th and 17th centuries.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kaasmarkt 8, 1601 JK te Enkhuizen {{!}} Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed |url=https://monumentenregister.cultureelerfgoed.nl/monumenten/15050 |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=monumentenregister.cultureelerfgoed.nl}}</ref> | |||
The old town hall, dating from the 17th century, and features a [[Classicism|classicist]] façade with pilasters and decorative stonework.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Breedstraat 53, 1601 KA te Enkhuizen {{!}} Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed |url=https://monumentenregister.cultureelerfgoed.nl/monumenten/14985 |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=monumentenregister.cultureelerfgoed.nl}}</ref> It housed the municipal administration and the council chamber until these were relocated. | |||
The ''Snouck van Loosenhuis'', an 18th-century stately residence, belonged to the Snouck van Loosen family.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dijk 34, 1601 GJ te Enkhuizen {{!}} Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed |url=https://monumentenregister.cultureelerfgoed.nl/monumenten/15029 |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=monumentenregister.cultureelerfgoed.nl}}</ref> The building is notable for its [[classical architecture]] and later use as charitable housing. | |||
=== Fortifications === | |||
[[File:Enkhuizen, de Drommedaris RM464878 met Klapbrug RM15279 IMG 4153 2024-07-28 10.32.jpg|thumb|The [[Drommedaris]], landmark tower and former city gate]] | |||
Enkhuizen’s fortifications were developed between the 16th and 17th centuries to protect the town against military threats and flooding. One of the most recognisable landmarks is the Drommedaris, a defensive tower constructed in 1540 to guard the entrance to the harbour.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Drommedaris |url=https://www.visitenkhuizen.nl/en/locatie/drommedaris-3/ |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=Visit Enkhuizen |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Drommedaris in Enkhuizen {{!}} Visit A City |url=https://www.visitacity.com/en/enkhuizen/attractions/drommedaris |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=www.visitacity.com}}</ref> It was later modified with the addition of a clock tower and a [[carillon]] in the 17th century.<ref name=":6" /> Today, the building functions as a cultural centre hosting concerts and exhibitions.<ref name=":7" /> | |||
Among the preserved town gates is the [[Koepoort]], completed in 1649 as the western entrance to Enkhuizen. Built in a classicist style with pilasters and decorative stonework, it served both defensive and ceremonial purposes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bij Westeinde 6, 1601 BJ te Enkhuizen {{!}} Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed |url=https://monumentenregister.cultureelerfgoed.nl/monumenten/464869 |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=monumentenregister.cultureelerfgoed.nl}}</ref> | |||
The ''zeemuur'', or [[seawall]], forms part of the coastal defences constructed to protect against high water levels and storm surges. Sections of this wall remain visible along the harbour front.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zeemuur |url=https://www.omringdijk.nl/zeemuur/ |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=Westfriese Omringdijksait |language=nl-NL}}</ref> | |||
Two historic water gates regulated access to the canals and harbour basins. The ''Boerenboom'' was used as a water gate and lock and retains its characteristic wooden doors.<ref>{{Cite web |title=De Boerenboom |url=https://www.visitenkhuizen.nl/locatie/de-boerenboom/ |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=Visit Enkhuizen |language=nl-NL}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=De Boerenboom: waterpoort van Enkhuizen |url=https://onh.nl/verhaal/de-boerenboom-waterpoort-naar-enkhuizen |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=ONH |language=nl}}</ref> The ''Oude'' ''Gouwsboom'' served a similar function.<ref>{{Cite web |title=De Oude Gouwsboom |url=https://www.visitenkhuizen.nl/locatie/de-oude-gouwsboom/ |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=Visit Enkhuizen |language=nl-NL}}</ref> | |||
Canals, [[bastion]]s, and harbour basins remain prominent features of the city's historic urban landscape. | |||
=== Historic houses === | |||
Enkhuizen retains many 16th- and 17th-century merchant houses and warehouses that reflect its prosperity during the Dutch Golden Age. These buildings are notable for [[Stepped gable|stepped]] and bell-shaped gables, ornamental brickwork, and large wooden doors used for storing and transporting goods.<ref name=":4" /> | |||
One of the most recognisable streetscapes is along ''Bocht'', a curved street bordering the harbour basin. Here, facades display decorative details that illustrate the wealth of merchants involved in Zuiderzee trade.<ref>{{Cite web |title=De Bocht van Enkhuizen |url=https://onh.nl/verhaal/de-bocht-van-enkhuizen |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=ONH |language=nl}}</ref> | |||
== | === Churches === | ||
Enkhuizen contains several historic churches dating from the late medieval and early modern periods. The Westerkerk, constructed between approximately 1470 and 1540, is a large late Gothic hall church with a richly decorated interior and a wooden barrel vault that spans the nave.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Westerstraat 138, 1601 AN te Enkhuizen {{!}} Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed |url=https://monumentenregister.cultureelerfgoed.nl/monumenten/15211 |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=monumentenregister.cultureelerfgoed.nl}}</ref> The [[Zuiderkerk (Enkhuizen)|Zuiderkerk]], dating from the 15th and 16th centuries, combines Gothic structural elements with later additions and renovations.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Zuiderkerksteeg 3, 1601 HJ te Enkhuizen {{!}} Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed |url=https://monumentenregister.cultureelerfgoed.nl/monumenten/15268 |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=monumentenregister.cultureelerfgoed.nl}}</ref> Smaller historic churches and chapels are located throughout the city centre, including the [[Evangelical Lutheran Church (Enkhuizen)|Evangelical Lutheran Church]] and [[St Francis Xavier Church, Enkhuizen|St Francis Xavier Church]].<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=Churches and church services in Enkhuizen |url=https://www.visitenkhuizen.nl/en/seeing-and-doing/historical-enkhuizen/church-and-services-in-enkhuizen/ |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=Visit Enkhuizen |language=en-GB}}</ref> | |||
== | == Sports == | ||
The | Enkhuizen offers a range of sports and recreational activities supported by local clubs and public facilities. The city's location on the IJsselmeer enables water-based activities, including recreational boating and sailing from the marinas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Water and harbours |url=https://www.visitenkhuizen.nl/en/seeing-and-doing/ports/ |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=Visit Enkhuizen |language=en-GB}}</ref> The shallow waters near the ''Enkhuizer Zand'' recreational area are used for [[Kiteboarding|kitesurfing]], and equipment for sailing and [[kayaking]] is available through local providers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watersports |url=https://www.visitenkhuizen.nl/en/seeing-and-doing/ports/watersports/ |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=Visit Enkhuizen |language=en-GB}}</ref> Indoor and outdoor swimming facilities are located at the ''Recreatiebad Enkhuizer Zand'', serving leisure swimmers and families.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zwemmen in Enkhuizen en omgeving |url=https://www.visitenkhuizen.nl/zien-en-doen/water-en-havens/zwemmen-en-zwembad/ |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=Visit Enkhuizen |language=nl-NL}}</ref> [[Association football|Football]] is organised through ''Sportvereniging Enkhuizen'' (s.v. Enkhuizen), an amateur club established on 1 May 2021 following the merger of v.v. DINDUA and VV West Frisia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=s.v. Enkhuizen |url=https://www.sv-enkhuizen.nl/246/sv-enkhuizen/ |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=s.v. Enkhuizen}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Enkhuizen krijgt één voetbalclub: leden Dindua en West Frisia akkoord met fusieplan |url=https://www.nhnieuws.nl/nieuws/273522/enkhuizen-krijgt-een-voetbalclub-leden-dindua-en-west-frisia-akkoord-met-fusieplan |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=www.nhnieuws.nl |language=nl}}</ref> The club fields teams in regional competitions and maintains youth programmes. Other sports include [[tennis]] and [[padel]], organised by the Enkhuizer Tennis Club, as well as indoor football and general fitness activities at various gyms and sports centres.<ref>{{Cite web |title=E.T.C. – Tennis en padel |url=https://www.enkhuizertc.nl/ |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=E.T.C. |language=nl-NL}}</ref> Until recently, Enkhuizen was also home to WFHC Enkhuizen, an amateur [[field hockey]] club that has since ceased operations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WFHC Enkhuizen: de kleinste club van Nederland is niet meer |url=https://hockey.nl/nieuws/clubs/wfhc-enkhuizen-de-kleinste-club-van-nederland-is-niet-meer/ |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=Hockey.nl |language=nl}}</ref> | ||
== | == Politics == | ||
Following the [[2022 Dutch municipal elections|2022 local election]], the 17 seats of Enkhuizen municipal council divided as followed:<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2022 |title= Enkhuizen municipal election 2022 |url= https://www.verkiezingsuitslagen.nl/verkiezingen/detail/GR20220316/731111 |access-date=9 February 2024|website=www.verkiezingsuitslagen.nl|language=nl}}</ref> | |||
{{columns-list|colwidth=12em| | {{columns-list|colwidth=12em| | ||
* Enkhuizen Forward! – 3 seats | * Enkhuizen Forward! – 3 seats | ||
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== Transport == | == Transport == | ||
Enkhuizen is compact and easily navigable on foot or by bicycle, with routes available through the historic centre and former city walls. The town is accessible by road, with connections across the IJsselmeer via the [[Houtribdijk]] to [[Lelystad]]. | |||
=== Railway === | |||
[[File:Enkhuizen, het stationsgebouw RM507064 IMG 4145 2024-07-28 10.19.jpg|thumb|[[Enkhuizen railway station]]]] | |||
Railway passengers arrive and depart at [[Enkhuizen railway station]], the terminus of the [[Zaandam–Enkhuizen railway]] line. Regular [[NS Intercity Materieel|Intercity]] services operate to Hoorn, Amsterdam, and onward to [[Utrecht]], [[Eindhoven]], and [[Heerlen]]/[[Maastricht]]. Trains typically run twice per hour, with the journey to Amsterdam taking around 55–60 minutes.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Public transportation |url=https://www.visitenkhuizen.nl/en/plan-your-visit/public-transportation/ |access-date=4 July 2025 |website=Visit Enkhuizen |language=en-GB}}</ref> | |||
=== Bus === | |||
Local bus services connect the station to surrounding towns and are operated by [[Connexxion]].<ref name=":3" /> | |||
== | === Ferry === | ||
In the summer, seasonal ferry services operate from Enkhuizen to [[Stavoren]], Medemblik, and [[Urk]] aboard motor vessels.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ferry services |url=https://www.visitenkhuizen.nl/en/seeing-and-doing/ports/ferry-services/ |access-date=4 July 2025 |website=Visit Enkhuizen |language=en-GB}}</ref> Visitors can also travel on the historic ship ''Friesland'' (operated by the [[Hoorn–Medemblik heritage railway]]) as part of a combined steam tram and ferry route between Hoorn, Medemblik, and Enkhuizen.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Knobbe |first=Nina |date=21 May 2019 |title=Stoomtram en Boot |url=https://www.stoomtram.nl/stoomtram-boot/ |access-date=4 July 2025 |website=Museum Stoomtram}}</ref> | |||
== Notable | == Education == | ||
{{See also|Education in the Netherlands}} | |||
Enkhuizen provides primary and secondary education through a number of local institutions. As of 2024, there are six primary school locations in the town, with an average distance to a primary school of approximately 0.6 kilometres.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vind informatie over basisscholen in Enkhuizen {{!}} Scholen op de kaart |url=https://scholenopdekaart.nl/basisscholen/enkhuizen/ |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=scholenopdekaart.nl |language=nl-NL}}</ref><ref name=":11">{{Cite web |date=1 July 2016 |title=Gemeente Enkhuizen in cijfers en grafieken |url=https://allecijfers.nl/gemeente/enkhuizen/ |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=AlleCijfers.nl |language=nl-NL}}</ref> The town has one secondary school, [[RSG Enkhuizen]], which serves around 1,400 students. The school offers general and vocational programmes, as well as international exchange opportunities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=RSG Enkhuizen |url=https://rsg-enkhuizen.nl/ |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=rsg-enkhuizen.nl}}</ref> | |||
According to demographic data, about 26% of residents between 15 and 75 years have completed higher education, while approximately 44% hold a secondary education diploma. For vocational training and higher education, most students commute to nearby cities such as Hoorn, Alkmaar, or Amsterdam.<ref name=":11" /> | |||
== Religion == | |||
[[File:Zuiderkerk vanaf Wierdijk Enkhuizen.jpg|thumb|[[Spire]] of the [[Zuiderkerk (Enkhuizen)|Zuiderkerk]]]] | |||
[[Christianity]] was first introduced in the region during the 8th century by missionaries, supported by [[Francia|Frankish]] rulers seeking to extend their influence over the Frisian territories. During the Middle Ages, Enkhuizen was under the religious jurisdiction of the [[Diocese of Utrecht (695–1580)|Bishopric of Utrecht]] and influenced by the [[Egmond Abbey]], which played a role in establishing parishes and developing local infrastructure.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Vereniging Oud Enkhuizen |url=https://www.oudenkhuizen.nl/ |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=www.oudenkhuizen.nl |language=nl}}</ref> | |||
Today, Enkhuizen is home to several active [[Protestantism|Protestant]] congregations, including the historic [[Dutch Reformed Church|Reformed Protestant Church]], the Evangelical Lutheran Church, and a [[Baptists|Baptist]] Church, all housed in buildings originally constructed in earlier centuries. The Zuiderkerk and the late-Gothic Westerkerk continue to serve both worship and cultural functions, with regular services, concerts, and community events.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" /><ref name=":10" /> | |||
The main [[Catholic Church in the Netherlands|Roman Catholic]] church, the Franciscus Xaveriuskerk, was deconsecrated in 2013 and has stood largely unused since then as parish functions have relocated to a converted former library building.<ref>{{Cite web |title=De Franciscus Xaverius kerk in Enkhuizen al meer dan tien jaar leeg, hoe kan dat? |url=https://www.nhnieuws.nl/nieuws/313945/de-franciscus-xaverius-kerk-in-enkhuizen-al-meer-dan-tien-jaar-leeg-hoe-kan-dat |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=www.nhnieuws.nl |language=nl}}</ref> Secondary Catholic communities convene in smaller chapels or shared spaces within the town. | |||
Enkhuizen had a small [[History of the Jews in the Netherlands|Jewish]] community from at least the 18th century, establishing its first synagogue in 1734 and a cemetery in 1738. A larger synagogue was built in 1791 on the Zuider Havendijk. The community reached its largest size around 1795 but declined steadily in the 19th and 20th centuries. During the Second World War, most local Jewish residents survived deportation. The synagogue closed in 1964 and was transferred to the municipality, while the cemetery remains preserved as a historic site.<ref name=":12" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Enkhuizen |url=https://jck.nl/joodse-gemeenten/enkhuizen |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=Joods Cultureel Kwartier |language=nl}}</ref> | |||
In 2022, the Alaaddin Mosque opened, providing prayer facilities, educational rooms, and community spaces for [[Islam in the Netherlands|Muslims]] in Enkhuizen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Turks festijn voor Enkhuizers in nieuwe moskee: “De verbinding zoeken is gelukt” |url=https://www.streekomroepwestfriesland.nl/turks-festijn-voor-enkhuizers-in-nieuwe-moskee-de-verbinding-zoeken-is-gelukt/ |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=Streekomroep West-Friesland |language=nl-NL}}</ref> | |||
Demographic trends reflect national patterns: a majority of residents in North Holland identify as [[Irreligion|non-religious]]. Nevertheless, religious buildings in Enkhuizen remain integral to the city's cultural identity, heritage, and social activities.<ref>{{Cite web |last=CBS |title=Welk geloof hangen we aan? - Nederland in cijfers 2023 {{!}} CBS |url=https://longreads.cbs.nl/nederland-in-cijfers-2023/welk-geloof-hangen-we-aan |access-date=5 July 2025 |website=Welk geloof hangen we aan? - Nederland in cijfers 2023 {{!}} CBS |language=nl-NL}}</ref> | |||
== Notable people == | |||
[[File:Jacob Mossel 1704-1761.jpg|140px|thumb|Jacob Mossel, ca.1755]] | [[File:Jacob Mossel 1704-1761.jpg|140px|thumb|Jacob Mossel, ca.1755]] | ||
[[File:Stef Blok 2015 (1).jpg|140px|thumb|Stef Blok, 2015]] | [[File:Stef Blok 2015 (1).jpg|140px|thumb|Stef Blok, 2015]] | ||
=== Public thought and public service === | === Public thought and public service === | ||
* [[Lucas Janszoon Waghenaer]] (ca.1534–1606) [[Nautical chart|nautical cartographer]] | * [[Lucas Janszoon Waghenaer]] (ca.1534–1606) [[Nautical chart|nautical cartographer]] | ||
| Line 149: | Line 271: | ||
* [[Hermann Witsius]] (1636–1708) Dutch theologian | * [[Hermann Witsius]] (1636–1708) Dutch theologian | ||
* [[Cornelis Jan Simonsz]] (ca.1661–ca.1727) [[Governor of Dutch Ceylon]] 1703/1707 | * [[Cornelis Jan Simonsz]] (ca.1661–ca.1727) [[Governor of Dutch Ceylon]] 1703/1707 | ||
* [[Jacob Mossel]] (1704– 1761) sailor and [[Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies]] 1750/1761 | * [[Jacob Mossel]] (1704– 1761) sailor and [[Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies]] 1750/1761 | ||
* [[Jan Baas]] (born 1950) Dutch politician and Mayor of Enkhuizen | * [[Jan Baas]] (born 1950) Dutch politician and Mayor of Enkhuizen | ||
* [[Gerrit Zalm]] (born 1952) banker, former [[List of Ministers of Finance of the Netherlands|Minister of Finance]] | * [[Gerrit Zalm]] (born 1952) banker, former [[List of Ministers of Finance of the Netherlands|Minister of Finance]] | ||
* [[Stef Blok]] (born 1964) Dutch politician and [[List of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] | * [[Stef Blok]] (born 1964) Dutch politician and [[List of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] | ||
=== The arts === | === The arts === | ||
* [[Pieter Symonsz Potter]] (1597–1652) [[Dutch Golden Age]] painter | * [[Pieter Symonsz Potter]] (1597–1652) [[Dutch Golden Age]] painter | ||
* [[Willem Bartsius]] (1612–1657) [[Dutch Golden Age]] painter. | * [[Willem Bartsius]] (1612–1657) [[Dutch Golden Age]] painter. | ||
* [[Jacob Steendam]] (1615– ca.1672) Dutch poet and minister.<ref>{{Cite Appletons'|wstitle= Steendam, Jacob |volume = V |page = 661 |short= 1}}</ref> | * [[Jacob Steendam]] (1615– ca.1672) Dutch poet and minister.<ref>{{Cite Appletons'|wstitle= Steendam, Jacob |volume = V |page = 661 |short= 1}}</ref> | ||
* [[Paulus Potter]] (1625–1654) painter | * [[Paulus Potter]] (1625–1654) painter | ||
| Line 164: | Line 287: | ||
=== Science and business === | === Science and business === | ||
* [[Jan Verbruggen]] (1712–1781) Dutch master gun-founder and an artist | * [[Jan Verbruggen]] (1712–1781) Dutch master gun-founder and an artist | ||
* [[David de Gorter]] (1717–1783) Dutch physician, botanist and academic | * [[David de Gorter]] (1717–1783) Dutch physician, botanist and academic | ||
* [[Gerbrand Bakker (physician)|Gerbrand Bakker]] (1771–1828) physician, professor at the University of Groningen | * [[Gerbrand Bakker (physician)|Gerbrand Bakker]] (1771–1828) physician, professor at the University of Groningen | ||
* [[Harm Bart]] (born 1942) Dutch mathematician, economist and academic | * [[Harm Bart]] (born 1942) Dutch mathematician, economist and academic | ||
[[File:Wijda Mazereeuw 1975.jpg|140px|thumb|Wijda Mazereeuw, 1975]] | |||
=== Sport === | === Sport === | ||
* [[Corry Vreeken]] (1928-2025) Dutch chess Women's Grandmaster | * [[Corry Vreeken]] (1928-2025) Dutch chess Women's Grandmaster | ||
| Line 173: | Line 298: | ||
* [[Eljo Kuiler]] (born 1946) former diver, competed at the [[1968 Summer Olympics]] | * [[Eljo Kuiler]] (born 1946) former diver, competed at the [[1968 Summer Olympics]] | ||
* [[Wijda Mazereeuw]] (born 1953) Dutch swimmer, competed in the [[1972 Summer Olympics|1972]] & [[1976 Summer Olympics]] | * [[Wijda Mazereeuw]] (born 1953) Dutch swimmer, competed in the [[1972 Summer Olympics|1972]] & [[1976 Summer Olympics]] | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
| Line 201: | Line 318: | ||
| East = ''[[IJsselmeer]]'' | | East = ''[[IJsselmeer]]'' | ||
| South = ''[[Markermeer]]'' | | South = ''[[Markermeer]]'' | ||
| West = [[Medemblik]]<br />[[Stede Broec]] | | West = [[Andijk]] ([[Medemblik]])<br />[[Bovenkarspel]] ([[Stede Broec]]) | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{North Holland Province}} | {{North Holland Province}} | ||
| Line 208: | Line 325: | ||
[[Category:Enkhuizen| ]] | [[Category:Enkhuizen| ]] | ||
[[Category:History of Enkhuizen]] | |||
[[Category:Municipalities of North Holland]] | [[Category:Municipalities of North Holland]] | ||
[[Category:Populated places in North Holland]] | [[Category:Populated places in North Holland]] | ||
Latest revision as of 18:03, 4 November 2025
Template:Use dmy dates Template:Main otherScript error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Check for clobbered parameters".Template:Main other Enkhuizen (Script error: No such module "IPA".) is a historic city and municipality in the Netherlands. Located in the region of West Friesland in the province of North Holland, the city developed as an important fishing and trading port during the Middle Ages and the Dutch Golden Age, when it was one of the wealthiest and most influential cities in the country.
Today, the town is known for its well-preserved historic centre, maritime heritage, and cultural attractions. Enkhuizen remains an active regional hub with a population of approximately 18.843 inhabitants in 2025.[1]
Etymology
The name Enkhuizen appears in historical records as early as 1283, when it was written as Enkus(e) in a document about the robbery of English merchants.[2][3] Over time, it was recorded in various forms, including Enchusen in 1311 and Enghusen in 1334.[2][4]
Several theories have been proposed to explain the origin of the name. One interpretation suggests that it derives from enk or eng, old words for a piece of farmland, usually a high-lying arable field known in other parts of the Netherlands as an es or enk.[5] In this view, Enkhuizen would mean “the houses near the fields.” However, this interpretation is subject to doubt, as the term enk is not attested as common regional vocabulary in West Friesland.
Another possibility is that the name refers to a Frisian personal name, Enke or Henke, meaning “the houses belonging to Enke”.[4] A more recent theory proposes a social origin, suggesting that an enke could have been a free farm labourer living in small groups of cottages separate from a central farmstead.[6]
Although no single interpretation can be confirmed with certainty, these hypotheses reflect the settlement’s agricultural character and its early medieval roots. Today, the exact origin of the name Enkhuizen remains open to debate.
History
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Enkhuizen, like Hoorn and Amsterdam, was one of the harbour-towns of the VOC, from where overseas trade with the East Indies was conducted. It received city rights in 1356. On 24 June 1572 during the Eighty Years' War, in Enkhuizen five Franciscans from Alkmaar were hanged: known as the martyrs of Alkmaar.
In the mid-17th century, Enkhuizen was at the peak of its power and was one of the most important harbour cities in the Netherlands. However, due to a variety of reasons, notably the silting up of the harbours, Enkhuizen lost its position to Amsterdam.
Geography
Enkhuizen is located in the eastern part of the North Holland peninsula, along the northern shore of the Markermeer and near the IJsselmeer. The town forms part of the historical region of West Friesland, which is characterised by low-lying polder landscapes reclaimed from the sea. Apart from the elevated dykes and the historical fortifications, most of the area lies at or below sea level. These dykes protect the built-up area and the surrounding agricultural land from flooding.
The town is intersected by canals and harbours that historically facilitated fishing, trade, and transport. The fertile reclaimed soils around Enkhuizen support horticulture and agriculture, including flower bulb cultivation. To the west, the Streekbos recreational area provides functions as a green buffer between Enkhuizen and neighbouring settlements.
Climate
Enkhuizen has a temperate oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb), influenced by its proximity to the North Sea and the surrounding inland lakes. Summers are mild to warm, with average high temperatures between June and August of about 20–22 °C.[7] Periods of very warm weather, exceeding 30 °C, are infrequent. Winters are generally mild, with average daytime temperatures in January around 6 °C.[7] Nighttime frosts occur occasionally, particularly during easterly winds from the continent, but the large water bodies help to moderate temperature extremes.
Precipitation is spread fairly evenly throughout the year, with annual totals typically between 800 and 900 millimetres.[8] The late summer and autumn months tend to be the wettest, while winter is somewhat drier. Wind conditions are also influenced by the open exposure to the Markermeer and IJsselmeer, with frequent westerly winds and stronger gusts common during autumn and winter storms.
Demography
Template:Historical populationsAs of 1 January 2025, the municipality of Enkhuizen has 18.843 residents, a steady increase from 16,124 in 1995 (17% rise over 30 years), with an average annual growth of 0.5%.[1] The city comprises 8.884 households, averaging 2.1 persons per household, and has approximately 10.852 addresses in total.[1] The population distribution is relatively even across age groups, with the largest cohort (27%) aged between 45 and 65. The population density is approximately 1.389 addresses per square kilometre, reflecting a compact urban setting.[1]
In 2023, the birth rate was about 9 per 1,000 inhabitants and the death rate around 11 per 1.000, characteristic of an aging population.[1] Migration data indicate modest levels of in- and out-migration, resulting in a small net migration gain. Regarding migration background, around 10–12% of residents in certain districts have a non-native or non-Western background, indicating some diversity, though the municipality remains predominantly native Dutch (2023: 80%).[1]
Economy
Tourism
Enkhuizen attracts visitors with its historic architecture, maritime heritage, and museums. The centre includes numerous listed buildings, canals, and landmarks such as the Drommedaris tower.[9]
Museums, such as the Zuiderzee Museum, display exhibitions about regional history and attract cultural tourism.[10] Other attractions include Sprookjeswonderland, a theme park with playgrounds and a petting zoo. The Enkhuizer Zand and Streekbos areas offer beaches, green spaces, and facilities for walking and cycling.[9][11]
The city has one of the largest marinas in the Netherlands, supporting sailing, recreational boating, and seasonal ferry services to Medemblik.[12] Throughout the year, Enkhuizen hosts markets, maritime festivals, and other public events that attract visitors.
Retail
Retail in Enkhuizen is concentrated primarily along Westerstraat, a historic street lined with a mix of independent boutiques, specialty shops, and larger chain retailers.[13] Here, a weekly market is held every Wednesday.[14]
Industry
Enkhuizen has a diverse industrial base that includes seed breeding, food production, and maritime services. The town is part of Seed Valley, a regional cluster of companies active in the development and trade of seeds for vegetable and flower cultivation.[15][16] Major firms include Syngenta, which operates research facilities in Enkhuizen, Enza Zaden, a leading vegetable breeding company, and Bayer Crop Science.[17][18] The area’s seed sector contributes to exports and employment in the region.
Enkhuizen is also known for the production of Echte Enkhuizer Jodekoeken, a type of butter biscuit first produced locally in the early 20th century.[19] Other economic activities include marina operations, yacht maintenance, and small-scale boatbuilding connected to the town’s location on the IJsselmeer.
Culture
Enkhuizen hosts a variety of annual cultural events. King’s Day is celebrated with markets, music, and public gatherings.[20] The Avondvierdaagse walking event encourages participation from residents of all ages, especially elementary school students.[21] On 11 November, children walk the streets with lanterns, singing traditional songs in celebration of St. Martin’s Day, receiving candy in return. Also in November, the annual Sinterklaas parade marks the traditional arrival of Saint Nicholas. Other events include a light festival in December and guided evening walks through the historic centre in summer.
The Harddraverijdag, held on the third Thursday of September, features harness racing along the streets and a fireworks display.[22] Traditional Carnival celebrations also take place, when the city is known as Haringdonk (named after herring).[23]
Since 1974, the town has organised a jazz festival each May or June, attracting international performers for concerts at multiple venues.
Enkhuizen has two historic Hemony carillons in the Zuiderkerk and the Drommedaris, which sound automatically every quarter-hour and are played in summer concerts by the city carillonneur.[24] Traditional costumes (klederdracht) are sometimes presented at festivals.[25] The Drommedaris also serves as a cultural venue for concerts, film screenings, and exhibitions.[9] Public art is visible throughout the city, including a number of sculptures and monuments.[26]
Museums
Enkhuizen has several museums that document regional culture and maritime history. The Zuiderzee Museum combines an indoor collection with an open-air museum that includes relocated buildings and demonstrations of traditional crafts. The Flessenscheepjesmuseum specialises in ships in bottles.
Other museums include the Enkhuizer Almanakmuseum, which presents the history of the oldest annual almanac in the Netherlands, and the Heiligenbeeldenmuseum, focused on religious statuary.[27]
Architecture and landmarks
Enkhuizen has a well-preserved historic city centre that illustrates its development as a prosperous port during the Dutch Golden Age. The city’s architectural heritage includes over 360 national heritage sites (rijksmonumenten), historic churches, defensive structures, and traditional merchant houses.[28]
Civic and commercial buildings
The Peperhuis is a 17th-century warehouse originally used by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) for storing spices.[29][30] It later served as a depot for trade in goods from Asia and other overseas regions.[30] Today, the Peperhuis is part of the Zuiderzee Museum and hosts exhibitions about maritime commerce and everyday life in the former Zuiderzee region.[31] The Peperhuis was also used as the model for a KLM Delft Blue house.
The Waag (weigh house), built in 1559 in Renaissance style, was used to weigh and register goods brought into the town during the 16th and 17th centuries.[32]
The old town hall, dating from the 17th century, and features a classicist façade with pilasters and decorative stonework.[33] It housed the municipal administration and the council chamber until these were relocated.
The Snouck van Loosenhuis, an 18th-century stately residence, belonged to the Snouck van Loosen family.[34] The building is notable for its classical architecture and later use as charitable housing.
Fortifications
Enkhuizen’s fortifications were developed between the 16th and 17th centuries to protect the town against military threats and flooding. One of the most recognisable landmarks is the Drommedaris, a defensive tower constructed in 1540 to guard the entrance to the harbour.[35][26] It was later modified with the addition of a clock tower and a carillon in the 17th century.[35] Today, the building functions as a cultural centre hosting concerts and exhibitions.[26]
Among the preserved town gates is the Koepoort, completed in 1649 as the western entrance to Enkhuizen. Built in a classicist style with pilasters and decorative stonework, it served both defensive and ceremonial purposes.[36]
The zeemuur, or seawall, forms part of the coastal defences constructed to protect against high water levels and storm surges. Sections of this wall remain visible along the harbour front.[37]
Two historic water gates regulated access to the canals and harbour basins. The Boerenboom was used as a water gate and lock and retains its characteristic wooden doors.[38][39] The Oude Gouwsboom served a similar function.[40]
Canals, bastions, and harbour basins remain prominent features of the city's historic urban landscape.
Historic houses
Enkhuizen retains many 16th- and 17th-century merchant houses and warehouses that reflect its prosperity during the Dutch Golden Age. These buildings are notable for stepped and bell-shaped gables, ornamental brickwork, and large wooden doors used for storing and transporting goods.[28]
One of the most recognisable streetscapes is along Bocht, a curved street bordering the harbour basin. Here, facades display decorative details that illustrate the wealth of merchants involved in Zuiderzee trade.[41]
Churches
Enkhuizen contains several historic churches dating from the late medieval and early modern periods. The Westerkerk, constructed between approximately 1470 and 1540, is a large late Gothic hall church with a richly decorated interior and a wooden barrel vault that spans the nave.[42] The Zuiderkerk, dating from the 15th and 16th centuries, combines Gothic structural elements with later additions and renovations.[43] Smaller historic churches and chapels are located throughout the city centre, including the Evangelical Lutheran Church and St Francis Xavier Church.[44]
Sports
Enkhuizen offers a range of sports and recreational activities supported by local clubs and public facilities. The city's location on the IJsselmeer enables water-based activities, including recreational boating and sailing from the marinas.[45] The shallow waters near the Enkhuizer Zand recreational area are used for kitesurfing, and equipment for sailing and kayaking is available through local providers.[46] Indoor and outdoor swimming facilities are located at the Recreatiebad Enkhuizer Zand, serving leisure swimmers and families.[47] Football is organised through Sportvereniging Enkhuizen (s.v. Enkhuizen), an amateur club established on 1 May 2021 following the merger of v.v. DINDUA and VV West Frisia.[48][49] The club fields teams in regional competitions and maintains youth programmes. Other sports include tennis and padel, organised by the Enkhuizer Tennis Club, as well as indoor football and general fitness activities at various gyms and sports centres.[50] Until recently, Enkhuizen was also home to WFHC Enkhuizen, an amateur field hockey club that has since ceased operations.[51]
Politics
Following the 2022 local election, the 17 seats of Enkhuizen municipal council divided as followed:[52] Template:Columns-list
Transport
Enkhuizen is compact and easily navigable on foot or by bicycle, with routes available through the historic centre and former city walls. The town is accessible by road, with connections across the IJsselmeer via the Houtribdijk to Lelystad.
Railway
Railway passengers arrive and depart at Enkhuizen railway station, the terminus of the Zaandam–Enkhuizen railway line. Regular Intercity services operate to Hoorn, Amsterdam, and onward to Utrecht, Eindhoven, and Heerlen/Maastricht. Trains typically run twice per hour, with the journey to Amsterdam taking around 55–60 minutes.[53]
Bus
Local bus services connect the station to surrounding towns and are operated by Connexxion.[53]
Ferry
In the summer, seasonal ferry services operate from Enkhuizen to Stavoren, Medemblik, and Urk aboard motor vessels.[54] Visitors can also travel on the historic ship Friesland (operated by the Hoorn–Medemblik heritage railway) as part of a combined steam tram and ferry route between Hoorn, Medemblik, and Enkhuizen.[55]
Education
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Enkhuizen provides primary and secondary education through a number of local institutions. As of 2024, there are six primary school locations in the town, with an average distance to a primary school of approximately 0.6 kilometres.[56][1] The town has one secondary school, RSG Enkhuizen, which serves around 1,400 students. The school offers general and vocational programmes, as well as international exchange opportunities.[57]
According to demographic data, about 26% of residents between 15 and 75 years have completed higher education, while approximately 44% hold a secondary education diploma. For vocational training and higher education, most students commute to nearby cities such as Hoorn, Alkmaar, or Amsterdam.[1]
Religion
Christianity was first introduced in the region during the 8th century by missionaries, supported by Frankish rulers seeking to extend their influence over the Frisian territories. During the Middle Ages, Enkhuizen was under the religious jurisdiction of the Bishopric of Utrecht and influenced by the Egmond Abbey, which played a role in establishing parishes and developing local infrastructure.[58]
Today, Enkhuizen is home to several active Protestant congregations, including the historic Reformed Protestant Church, the Evangelical Lutheran Church, and a Baptist Church, all housed in buildings originally constructed in earlier centuries. The Zuiderkerk and the late-Gothic Westerkerk continue to serve both worship and cultural functions, with regular services, concerts, and community events.[42][43][44]
The main Roman Catholic church, the Franciscus Xaveriuskerk, was deconsecrated in 2013 and has stood largely unused since then as parish functions have relocated to a converted former library building.[59] Secondary Catholic communities convene in smaller chapels or shared spaces within the town.
Enkhuizen had a small Jewish community from at least the 18th century, establishing its first synagogue in 1734 and a cemetery in 1738. A larger synagogue was built in 1791 on the Zuider Havendijk. The community reached its largest size around 1795 but declined steadily in the 19th and 20th centuries. During the Second World War, most local Jewish residents survived deportation. The synagogue closed in 1964 and was transferred to the municipality, while the cemetery remains preserved as a historic site.[58][60]
In 2022, the Alaaddin Mosque opened, providing prayer facilities, educational rooms, and community spaces for Muslims in Enkhuizen.[61]
Demographic trends reflect national patterns: a majority of residents in North Holland identify as non-religious. Nevertheless, religious buildings in Enkhuizen remain integral to the city's cultural identity, heritage, and social activities.[62]
Notable people
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Public thought and public service
- Lucas Janszoon Waghenaer (ca.1534–1606) nautical cartographer
- Franciscus Maelson (1538–1601) Dutch physician and statesman
- Dirck Gerritsz Pomp (1544–ca.1608) sailor, the first known Dutch visitor to China and Japan
- Jan Huyghen van Linschoten (1563–1611) merchant, trader and historian
- Joris Carolus (ca.1566–ca.1636) Dutch cartographer and explorer
- Johannes Antonides van der Linden (1609–1664) Dutch physician, botanist and author
- Hermann Witsius (1636–1708) Dutch theologian
- Cornelis Jan Simonsz (ca.1661–ca.1727) Governor of Dutch Ceylon 1703/1707
- Jacob Mossel (1704– 1761) sailor and Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies 1750/1761
- Jan Baas (born 1950) Dutch politician and Mayor of Enkhuizen
- Gerrit Zalm (born 1952) banker, former Minister of Finance
- Stef Blok (born 1964) Dutch politician and Minister of Foreign Affairs
The arts
- Pieter Symonsz Potter (1597–1652) Dutch Golden Age painter
- Willem Bartsius (1612–1657) Dutch Golden Age painter.
- Jacob Steendam (1615– ca.1672) Dutch poet and minister.[63]
- Paulus Potter (1625–1654) painter
- Pieter Gallis (1633–1697) Dutch Golden Age painter
- Dirck Ferreris (1639–1693) Dutch Golden Age painter
- Jos Lussenburg (1889–1975) Dutch painter and musician
- Matthijs Verschoor (born 1955) Dutch classical pianist and academic
Science and business
- Jan Verbruggen (1712–1781) Dutch master gun-founder and an artist
- David de Gorter (1717–1783) Dutch physician, botanist and academic
- Gerbrand Bakker (1771–1828) physician, professor at the University of Groningen
- Harm Bart (born 1942) Dutch mathematician, economist and academic
Sport
- Corry Vreeken (1928-2025) Dutch chess Women's Grandmaster
- Nel Zwier (1936–2001) Dutch high jumper, competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics
- Eljo Kuiler (born 1946) former diver, competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics
- Wijda Mazereeuw (born 1953) Dutch swimmer, competed in the 1972 & 1976 Summer Olympics
References
Citations
Sources
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External links
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