Mount Weather Emergency Operations Center: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Civilian command facility for the Federal Emergency Management Agency}}
{{Short description|Civilian command facility for the Federal Emergency Management Agency}}
{{Use American English|date=July 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2014}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2014}}
{{Infobox military installation
{{Infobox military installation
|name= Mount Weather
| name         = Mount Weather
|location= [[Virginia State Route 601 (Loudoun County)|State Route 601]], [[Loudoun County, Virginia|Loudoun]]–[[Clarke County, Virginia|Clarke]] counties,<br> near [[Bluemont, Virginia]], U.S.
| location     = [[Virginia State Route 601 (Loudoun County)|State Route 601]], [[Loudoun County, Virginia|Loudoun]]–[[Clarke County, Virginia|Clarke]] counties,<br> near [[Bluemont, Virginia]], U.S.
|image= MountWeatherFEMA.jpg
| image         = MountWeatherFEMA.jpg
|image_size = 270px
| image_size   = 270px
|caption= Mount Weather,<br>with the [[Shenandoah Valley]] in the background
| caption       = Mount Weather,<br>with the [[Shenandoah Valley]] in the background
| image_map             =  
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| pushpin_map           = USA#Virginia
| pushpin_map   = USA#Virginia
| pushpin_mapsize       = 270
| pushpin_mapsize = 270
| pushpin_map_alt       =  
| pushpin_map_alt =  
| pushpin_map_caption   = Location in the [[United States]]##Location in [[Virginia]]
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the [[United States]]##Location in [[Virginia]]
| pushpin_relief         = y
| pushpin_relief = y
| pushpin_image         =  
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|type= [[Federal Emergency Management Agency|FEMA]] command center, permanent [[United States Executive Branch|Executive Branch]] substitute
| type         = {{hlist|[[Federal Emergency Management Agency|FEMA]] command center|permanent [[United States Executive Branch|Executive Branch]] substitute}}
|built= Unknown
| built         = Unknown
|materials=
| materials     =  
|status= In service
| status       = In service
|used= 1959–present
| used         = 1959–present
|controlledby= [[U.S. Department of Homeland&nbsp;Security]]
| controlledby = [[U.S. Department of Homeland&nbsp;Security]]
|commanders=
| commanders   =  
|battles=
| battles       =  
}}
}}


The '''Mount Weather Emergency Operations Center''' is a government command facility located near [[Frogtown, Clarke County, Virginia]], used as the center of operations for the [[Federal Emergency Management Agency]] (FEMA). Also known as the '''High Point Special Facility''' ('''HPSF'''), its preferred designation since 1991 is "SF".<ref name= "hideaway">{{cite magazine | url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,156041,00.html | title=Civil Defense Doomsday Hideaway | magazine=Time | date=June 24, 2001 | access-date=November 26, 2017 | author=Gup, Ted | author-link =Ted Gup| location=[[Berryville, Virginia]]}}</ref>
The '''Mount Weather Emergency Operations Center''' is a government command facility located near [[Frogtown, Clarke County, Virginia|Frogtown, Virginia]], used as the center of operations for the [[Federal Emergency Management Agency]] (FEMA). Also known as the '''High Point Special Facility''' ('''HPSF'''), its preferred designation since 1991 is "SF".<ref name= "hideaway">{{cite magazine | url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,156041,00.html | title=Civil Defense Doomsday Hideaway | magazine=Time | date=June 24, 2001 | access-date=November 26, 2017 | author=Gup, Ted | author-link =Ted Gup| location=[[Berryville, Virginia]]}}</ref>


The facility is a primary relocation site for the highest level of civilian and military officials in case of national disaster, playing a significant role in [[continuity of government]] (per the [[Continuity of Operations Plan|U.S. Continuity of Operations Plan]]).<ref name="clui">{{cite journal| date =Spring 2002| title =Fire Departments| journal =The Lay of the Land: The Center for Land Use Interpretation Newsletter| location =Culver City, CA| publisher =[[The Center for Land Use Interpretation]]| pages =6–7| url =http://www.clui.org/clui_4_1/lotl/v23/CLUI_LOTL_spring2002.pdf| access-date =April 3, 2008| url-status =dead| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20080625023051/http://www.clui.org/clui_4_1/lotl/v23/CLUI_LOTL_spring2002.pdf| archive-date =June 25, 2008| df =mdy-all}}</ref>
The facility is a primary relocation site for the highest level of civilian and military officials in the case of a national disaster, playing a significant role in [[continuity of government]] (per the [[United States federal government continuity of operations|U.S. Continuity of Operations Plan]]).<ref name="clui">{{cite journal| date =Spring 2002| title =Fire Departments| journal =The Lay of the Land: The Center for Land Use Interpretation Newsletter| location =Culver City, CA| publisher =[[The Center for Land Use Interpretation]]| pages =6–7| url =http://www.clui.org/clui_4_1/lotl/v23/CLUI_LOTL_spring2002.pdf| access-date =April 3, 2008| url-status =dead| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20080625023051/http://www.clui.org/clui_4_1/lotl/v23/CLUI_LOTL_spring2002.pdf| archive-date =June 25, 2008| df =mdy-all}}</ref> Mount Weather is the location of a control station for the FEMA National Radio System (FNARS), a [[high frequency]] radio system connecting most federal public safety agencies and the U.S. military with most of the states.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://acs.oes.ca.gov/Pages/acs_opportunities.html |title=Opportunities With OES ACS Program |access-date=April 2, 2008 |work=OES Auxiliary Communications Service Homepage |publisher=Governor's (California, USA) Office of Emergency Services |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509074632/http://acs.oes.ca.gov/Pages/acs_opportunities.html |archive-date=May 9, 2008 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> FNARS allows the President to access the [[Emergency Alert System]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/phin/conference/04conference/05-27-04/Session_12D_Ross_Merlin.pdf |title=Communications Systems for Public Health Contingencies |access-date=April 2, 2008 |last=Merlin |first=Ross Z. |year=2004 |publisher=DHS/FEMA Wireless Program Management Team |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080625023050/http://www.cdc.gov/phin/conference/04conference/05-27-04/Session_12D_Ross_Merlin.pdf |archive-date = June 25, 2008}}</ref>


Mount Weather is the location of a control station for the FEMA National Radio System (FNARS), a [[high frequency]] radio system connecting most federal public safety agencies and the U.S. military with most of the states.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://acs.oes.ca.gov/Pages/acs_opportunities.html |title=Opportunities With OES ACS Program |access-date=April 2, 2008 |work=OES Auxiliary Communications Service Homepage |publisher=Governor's (California, USA) Office of Emergency Services |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509074632/http://acs.oes.ca.gov/Pages/acs_opportunities.html |archive-date=May 9, 2008 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> FNARS allows the president to access the [[Emergency Alert System]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/phin/conference/04conference/05-27-04/Session_12D_Ross_Merlin.pdf |title=Communications Systems for Public Health Contingencies |access-date=April 2, 2008 |last=Merlin |first=Ross Z. |year=2004 |publisher=DHS/FEMA Wireless Program Management Team |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080625023050/http://www.cdc.gov/phin/conference/04conference/05-27-04/Session_12D_Ross_Merlin.pdf |archive-date = June 25, 2008}}</ref>
The site came into the public eye in 1974 by ''[[The Washington Post]]'' and the [[Associated Press]] mentioning the facility after the crash of [[TWA Flight 514]], a [[Boeing 727]] jetliner, into Mount Weather on December 1, 1974, resulting in the death of 92 people.<ref name="pcinva">{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=a0ENAAAAIBAJ&sjid=hW0DAAAAIBAJ&pg=5886%2C23984 |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |agency=Associated Press |title=Plane crash in Va. kills 92 |date=December 2, 1974 |page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/facility/mt_weather.htm | title=Mount Weather; High Point Special Facility (SF), Western Virginia Office|work=GlobalSecurity.org}}</ref>
 
The site was brought into the public eye in 1974 by ''[[The Washington Post]]'' and the [[Associated Press]], which mentioned the facility following the crash of [[TWA Flight 514]], a [[Boeing 727]] jetliner, into Mount Weather on December 1 of that year resulting in the deaths of 92 people.<ref name=pcinva>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=a0ENAAAAIBAJ&sjid=hW0DAAAAIBAJ&pg=5886%2C23984 |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |agency=Associated Press |title=Plane crash in Va. kills 92 |date=December 2, 1974 |page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/facility/mt_weather.htm | title=Mount Weather; High Point Special Facility (SF), Western Virginia Office|work=GlobalSecurity.org}}</ref>


== Location ==
== Location ==
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  }}</ref>
  }}</ref>


The site was initially opened as a weather station in the late 1800s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/facility/mt_weather.htm |title= Mt. Weather}}</ref> [[William Jackson Humphreys]] was selected as the supervising director for the Mount Weather Research Observatory, which was operational from 1904 to 1914. In 1928, the observatory building was the [[summer White House]] for [[Calvin Coolidge]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Geelhart, Chris|title=The Mount Weather Research Observatory|website=National Weather Service Heritage|url=https://vlab.noaa.gov/web/nws-heritage/-/mount-weather-research-observatory}}</ref> The site was used as a [[Civilian Public Service]] facility (Camp #114) during World War II.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://civilianpublicservice.org/camps/114/archivalmaterial |title=CPS Camp # 114}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://civilianpublicservice.org/camps/114/1 |title=CPS Unit Number 114-01}}</ref> At that time, there were just two permanent buildings on the site: the administration/dormitory building, and the laboratory. Those buildings still stand, supplemented by many more modern buildings.
The site was opened as a weather station in the late 1800s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/facility/mt_weather.htm |title= Mt. Weather}}</ref> [[William Jackson Humphreys]] was selected as the supervising director for the Mount Weather Research Observatory, which was operational from 1904 to 1914. In 1928, the observatory building was the [[summer White House]] for [[Calvin Coolidge|President Calvin Coolidge]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Geelhart, Chris|title=The Mount Weather Research Observatory|website=National Weather Service Heritage|url=https://vlab.noaa.gov/web/nws-heritage/-/mount-weather-research-observatory}}</ref> The site was used as a [[Civilian Public Service]] facility (Camp #114) during [[World War II]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://civilianpublicservice.org/camps/114/archivalmaterial |title=CPS Camp # 114}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://civilianpublicservice.org/camps/114/1 |title=CPS Unit Number 114-01}}</ref> At the time, there were just two permanent buildings on the site, the administration/dormitory building and the laboratory. The buildings still stand, supplemented by many modern buildings.


The underground facility within Mount Weather, designated "Area B", was completed in 1959. FEMA established training facilities on the mountain's surface ("Area A") in 1979.<ref name ="training site bunker">{{cite news | last=McGrath | first=Gareth | title=Training Site Bunker Used After Sept. 11 Terror Attacks
The underground facility within Mount Weather, designated "Area B", was completed in 1959. FEMA established training facilities on the mountain's surface ("Area A") in 1979.<ref name ="training site bunker">{{cite news | last=McGrath | first=Gareth | title=Training Site Bunker Used After Sept. 11 Terror Attacks
  | newspaper=Morning Star | location=Wilmington, NC | date=January 30, 2002 | pages=1B, 6B }}</ref>
  | newspaper=Morning Star | location=Wilmington, NC | date=January 30, 2002 | pages=1B, 6B }}</ref> The above ground portion of the FEMA complex (Area A) is at least {{convert|434|acre|ha}}. The complex includes a training area of unspecified size.<ref name="training site bunker" /> Area B, the underground component is {{convert|600000|ft2|m2}}.<ref name="worst" />
 
The above-ground portion of the FEMA complex (Area A) is at least {{convert|434|acre|ha}}. This measurement includes a training area of unspecified size.<ref name="training site bunker"/> Area B, the underground component, contains {{convert|600000|ft2|m2}}.<ref name="worst"/>


== Notable activations and evacuations ==
== Notable activations and evacuations ==
The Mount Weather Emergency Operations Center saw the first full-scale activation of the facility during the [[Northeast blackout of 1965]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://fas.org/nuke/guide/usa/c3i/mt_weather.htm |title=Mount Weather / High Point Special Facility (SF) / Western Virginia Office of Controlled Conflict Operations - United States Nuclear Forces |website=fas.org|access-date=2016-08-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=The Doomsday Scenario |last=Keeny |first=L. Douglas |publisher=MBI Publishing Company |year=2002 |isbn=0-7603-1313-X |location=St. Paul, Minnesota |pages=[https://archive.org/details/doomsdayscenario00doug/page/16 16] |url=https://archive.org/details/doomsdayscenario00doug/page/16 }}</ref>
During the [[northeast blackout of 1965]], the Mount Weather Emergency Operations Center had its first full-scale activation.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://fas.org/nuke/guide/usa/c3i/mt_weather.htm |title=Mount Weather / High Point Special Facility (SF) / Western Virginia Office of Controlled Conflict Operations - United States Nuclear Forces |website=fas.org|access-date=2016-08-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=The Doomsday Scenario |last=Keeny |first=L. Douglas |publisher=MBI Publishing Company |year=2002 |isbn=0-7603-1313-X |location=St. Paul, Minnesota |pages=[https://archive.org/details/doomsdayscenario00doug/page/16 16] |url=https://archive.org/details/doomsdayscenario00doug/page/16 }}</ref> According to a letter to the editor of ''[[The Washington Post]]'', after the [[September 11 attacks]], most of the [[United States Congress|congressional]] leadership were evacuated to Mount Weather by helicopter.<ref name="worst" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/facility/mt_weather.htm |title=Mount Weather |date=April 27, 2005 |work=Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) |publisher=GlobalSecurity.org |access-date=November 27, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Web site posts what it says are half million text messages from 9/11 |author=Jeanne Meserve and Mallory Simon |newspaper=CNN |publisher=Turner Broadcasting System, Inc |date=November 26, 2009 |url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/11/25/september.11.messages/index.html |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20210619195204/http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/11/25/september.11.messages/index.html | url-status =dead | archive-date =June 19, 2021 |access-date=June 19, 2021 }}</ref>
 
According to a letter to the editor of ''[[The Washington Post]]'', after the [[September 11 attacks]], most of the [[United States Congress|congressional]] leadership were evacuated to Mount Weather by helicopter.<ref name="worst"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/facility/mt_weather.htm |title=Mount Weather |date=April 27, 2005 |work=Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) |publisher=GlobalSecurity.org |access-date=November 27, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Web site posts what it says are half million text messages from 9/11 |author=Jeanne Meserve and Mallory Simon |newspaper=CNN |publisher=Turner Broadcasting System, Inc |date=November 26, 2009 |url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/11/25/september.11.messages/index.html |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20210619195204/http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/11/25/september.11.messages/index.html | url-status =dead | archive-date =June 19, 2021 |access-date=June 19, 2021 }}</ref>


Between 1979 and 1981, the [[National Gallery of Art]] developed a program to transport valuable paintings in its collection to Mount Weather via helicopter. The success of the relocation would depend upon how far in advance warning of an attack was received.<ref name= "leonardo">{{cite magazine  | last =Gup | first =Ted | date =October 10, 1992 | title =Grab That Leonardo! | magazine =Time | url =http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,976197,00.html | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20080408143147/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,976197,00.html | url-status =dead | archive-date =April 8, 2008 | access-date =April 3, 2008}}</ref>
Between 1979 and 1981, the [[National Gallery of Art]] developed a program to transport valuable paintings in its collection to Mount Weather via helicopter. Its success depends on how far in advance warning of an attack is received.<ref name="leonardo">{{cite magazine  | last =Gup | first =Ted | date =October 10, 1992 | title =Grab That Leonardo! | magazine =Time | url =http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,976197,00.html | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20080408143147/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,976197,00.html | url-status =dead | archive-date =April 8, 2008 | access-date =April 3, 2008}}</ref>


== In the media ==
== In the media ==
{{unreferenced section|date=June 2018}}
{{unreferenced section|date=June 2018}}
The first video of Mount Weather shot from the air to be broadcast on national TV was filmed by ABC News producer [[Bill Lichtenstein]], and was included in the 1983 ''[[20/20 (U.S. TV series)|20/20]]'' segment "Nuclear Preparation:  Can We Survive", featuring ''20/20'' correspondent [[Tom Jarriel]]. Lichtenstein flew over the Mount Weather facility with an ABC camera crew. The news magazine report also included House Majority Leader [[Tip O'Neill]] and Representative [[Ed Markey]], confirming that there were contingency plans for the relocation of the United States government in the event of a nuclear war or major disaster.
The first video of Mount Weather shot from the air to be broadcast on national TV was filmed by [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] producer [[Bill Lichtenstein]]. It was included in the 1983 ''[[20/20 (American TV program)|20/20]]'' segment "Nuclear Preparation:  Can We Survive", featuring ''20/20'' correspondent [[Tom Jarriel]]. Lichtenstein and an ABC camera crew flew over the Mount Weather facility. The news magazine report also included House Majority Leader [[Tip O'Neill]] and Representative [[Ed Markey]], confirming that there were contingency plans for the relocation of the United States government in the event of a nuclear war or major disaster.


Mount Weather and the now-deactivated [[Project Greek Island|bunker at The Greenbrier]] were featured in the [[A&E (TV channel)|A&E]] documentary ''Bunkers''. The documentary, first broadcast on October 23, 2001, features interviews with engineers and political and intelligence analysts and compares The Greenbrier and Mount Weather to [[Saddam Hussein]]'s control bunker buried beneath [[Baghdad]].
Mount Weather and the now-deactivated [[Project Greek Island|bunker at The Greenbrier]] were featured in the [[A&E (TV network)|A&E]] documentary ''Bunkers'' which was first broadcast on October 23, 2001. It features interviews with political and intelligence analysts, engineers comparing The Greenbrier and Mount Weather to the control bunker [[Saddam Hussein]]'s had which was buried beneath [[Baghdad|Baghdad, Iraq]]. Mount Weather was a location in the [[Netflix]] series ''[[The 100 (TV series)|The 100]]''. Mount Weather is mentioned in the 1963 film ''[[Seven Days in May]]'' as the location from where a coup will be launched.


== See also ==
== See also ==
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== External links ==
== External links ==
*[http://conelrad.blogspot.com/2011/09/mount-weather-documents-before-and.html 1962 Mount Weather Operating Documents]
*[https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/1373320-1240819-0-066-hq-19017-section-01-pdf 1956 FBI memo concerning a "Plan C" emergency readiness exercise involving the High Point Communications Center]
 
*[https://conelrad.blogspot.com/2011/09/mount-weather-documents-before-and.html 1962 Mount Weather Operating Documents]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050330084241/http://www.fema.gov/rrr/weather.shtm FEMA page on its Mt. Weather operations as saved by the Internet Archive Wayback Machine on March 30, 2005]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050330084241/http://www.fema.gov/rrr/weather.shtm FEMA page on its Mt. Weather operations as saved by the Internet Archive Wayback Machine on March 30, 2005]
*[https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/1373320-1240819-0-066-hq-19017-section-01-pdf 1956 FBI memo concerning a "Plan C" emergency readiness exercise involving the High Point Communications Center]


{{Coord|39.063|N|77.889|W|region:US-VA_type:landmark|display=title}}
{{Coord|39.063|N|77.889|W|region:US-VA_type:landmark|display=title}}

Latest revision as of 02:42, 17 December 2025

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The Mount Weather Emergency Operations Center is a government command facility located near Frogtown, Virginia, used as the center of operations for the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Also known as the High Point Special Facility (HPSF), its preferred designation since 1991 is "SF".[1]

The facility is a primary relocation site for the highest level of civilian and military officials in the case of a national disaster, playing a significant role in continuity of government (per the U.S. Continuity of Operations Plan).[2] Mount Weather is the location of a control station for the FEMA National Radio System (FNARS), a high frequency radio system connecting most federal public safety agencies and the U.S. military with most of the states.[3] FNARS allows the President to access the Emergency Alert System.[4]

The site came into the public eye in 1974 by The Washington Post and the Associated Press mentioning the facility after the crash of TWA Flight 514, a Boeing 727 jetliner, into Mount Weather on December 1, 1974, resulting in the death of 92 people.[5][6]

Location

Located in the Blue Ridge Mountains,[2] access to the operations center is available via State Route 601 (also called Blue Ridge Mountain Road) in Bluemont, Virginia.[7] The facility is located near Purcellville, Virginia, Script error: No such module "convert". west of Washington, D.C.[8]

The site was opened as a weather station in the late 1800s.[9] William Jackson Humphreys was selected as the supervising director for the Mount Weather Research Observatory, which was operational from 1904 to 1914. In 1928, the observatory building was the summer White House for President Calvin Coolidge.[10] The site was used as a Civilian Public Service facility (Camp #114) during World War II.[11][12] At the time, there were just two permanent buildings on the site, the administration/dormitory building and the laboratory. The buildings still stand, supplemented by many modern buildings.

The underground facility within Mount Weather, designated "Area B", was completed in 1959. FEMA established training facilities on the mountain's surface ("Area A") in 1979.[13] The above ground portion of the FEMA complex (Area A) is at least Script error: No such module "convert".. The complex includes a training area of unspecified size.[13] Area B, the underground component is Script error: No such module "convert"..[8]

Notable activations and evacuations

During the northeast blackout of 1965, the Mount Weather Emergency Operations Center had its first full-scale activation.[14][15] According to a letter to the editor of The Washington Post, after the September 11 attacks, most of the congressional leadership were evacuated to Mount Weather by helicopter.[8][16][17]

Between 1979 and 1981, the National Gallery of Art developed a program to transport valuable paintings in its collection to Mount Weather via helicopter. Its success depends on how far in advance warning of an attack is received.[18]

In the media

Script error: No such module "Unsubst". The first video of Mount Weather shot from the air to be broadcast on national TV was filmed by ABC News producer Bill Lichtenstein. It was included in the 1983 20/20 segment "Nuclear Preparation: Can We Survive", featuring 20/20 correspondent Tom Jarriel. Lichtenstein and an ABC camera crew flew over the Mount Weather facility. The news magazine report also included House Majority Leader Tip O'Neill and Representative Ed Markey, confirming that there were contingency plans for the relocation of the United States government in the event of a nuclear war or major disaster.

Mount Weather and the now-deactivated bunker at The Greenbrier were featured in the A&E documentary Bunkers which was first broadcast on October 23, 2001. It features interviews with political and intelligence analysts, engineers comparing The Greenbrier and Mount Weather to the control bunker Saddam Hussein's had which was buried beneath Baghdad, Iraq. Mount Weather was a location in the Netflix series The 100. Mount Weather is mentioned in the 1963 film Seven Days in May as the location from where a coup will be launched.

See also

Notes

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

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References

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External links

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Template:US POTUS Emergency Posts Template:Authority control

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