Luxor: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 16:15, 6 November 2025

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LuxorTemplate:Efn is a city in Upper Egypt. Luxor had a population of 284,952 in 2023, with an area of Template:Cvt^[1] and is the capital of the Luxor Governorate. Nicknamed the City of a Hundred Gates or the City of the Sun, formerly known as Thebes. It was one of the capitals of Ancient Egypt. The city is among the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world.^[2]

Luxor has frequently been characterized as the ''world's greatest open-air museum'', as the ruins of the Egyptian temple complexes at Karnak and Luxor stand within the modern city. Immediately opposite, across the River Nile, lie the monuments, temples, and tombs of the West Bank Theban Necropolis, which includes the Valley of the Kings and the Valley of the Queens. Luxor is a major destination for tourism, with its large hotels and resorts, known also for its famous hot air balloons.^[3]^[4]^[5] The city also contains diversified cultural heritage such as temples, churches, and mosques, co-existing side by side. Around 5 million tourists from around the world arrive annually to visit Luxor's attractions, making a significant contribution to the modern city's economy.^[6]

The city is located between latitudes 25-26 North and 32-33 East. It is about 670 km from the Egyptian capital, Cairo, about 220 km north of Aswan. Luxor covers an area of approximately 416 km², with a populated area of 208 km², and its population is estimated at approximately 284,952 in 2023.^[7] The nearest seaport to the city is Safaga Port, and the nearest airport is the city's Luxor International Airport.

Etymology

The name LuxorTemplate:Efn derives from the Arabic Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Transliteration, meaning "castle" or "palace", in the plural form al-quṣūr (“the palaces").^[8]^[9]Template:Efn It may be equivalent to the Greek and Coptic toponym τὰ Τρία Κάστρα ta tria kastra and ⲡϣⲟⲙⲧ ⲛ̀ⲕⲁⲥⲧⲣⲟⲛ pshomt enkastron respectively, which both mean "three castles".^[10]

The Sahidic Coptic name PapeTemplate:Efn^[10] comes from Demotic Ỉp.t meaning 'the adyton,' which, in turn, is derived from the Egyptian. The Greek forms "Ἀπις" and "Ὠφιεῖον" originate from the same source.^[10] The Egyptian village of Aba al-Waqf Template:Efn shares the same etymology.^[11]

The Greek name is Thebes (Template:Langx) or Diospolis. The Egyptian name of the city is Waset, also known as Nut (Template:Langx),^[12] written as <hiero>i-pA-t:pr</hiero> and <hiero>i-p:t-O45-M24-t:N21-Z1</hiero>.

History

File:Luxor Temple R04.jpg

Luxor Temple, seen from the east bank of the Nile

Luxor was the ancient city of Thebes, the capital of Upper Egypt during the New Kingdom, and the city of Amun, later to become the god Amun-Ra. The city was regarded in the ancient Egyptian texts as wAs.t (approximate pronunciation: "Waset"), which meant "city of the sceptre", and later in Demotic Egyptian as ta jpt (conventionally pronounced as "tA ipt" and meaning "the shrine/temple", referring to the jpt-swt, the temple now known by its Arabic name Karnak, meaning "fortified village"), which the ancient Greeks adapted as Thebai and the Romans after them as Thebae. Thebes was also known as "the city of the 100 gates", sometimes being called "southern Heliopolis" ('Iunu-shemaa' in Ancient Egyptian), to distinguish it from the city of Iunu or Heliopolis, the main place of worship for the god Ra in the north. It was also often referred to as niw.t, which simply means "city", and was one of only three cities in Egypt for which this noun was used (the other two were Memphis and Heliopolis); it was also called niw.t rst, "southern city", as the southernmost of them.

The importance of Luxor started as early as the 11th Dynasty, when the community grew into a thriving city.^[13] Montuhotep II, who united Egypt after the troubles of the First Intermediate Period, brought stability to the lands as the city grew in stature. The Pharaohs of the New Kingdom in their expeditions to Kush, in today's northern Sudan, and to the lands of Canaan, Phoenicia and Syria saw the city accumulate great wealth and rose to prominence, even on a world scale.^[13] Thebes played a major role in expelling the invading forces of the Hyksos from Upper Egypt, and from the time of the 18th Dynasty to the 20th Dynasty, the city had risen as the political, religious and military capital of Ancient Egypt.

The city attracted peoples such as the Babylonians, the Mitanni, the Hittites of Anatolia (modern-day Turkey), the Canaanites of Ugarit, the Phoenicians of Byblos and Tyre, and the Minoans from the island of Crete.^[13] A Hittite prince from Anatolia even came to marry with the widow of Tutankhamun, Ankhesenamun.^[13] The political and military importance of the city, however, faded during the Late Period, with Thebes being replaced as political capital by several cities in Northern Egypt, such as Bubastis, Sais and finally Alexandria.

However, as the city of the god Amun-Ra, Thebes remained the religious capital of Egypt until the Greek period.^[13] The main god of the city was Amun, who was worshipped together with his wife, the Goddess Mut, and their son Khonsu, the God of the moon. With the rise of Thebes as the foremost city of Egypt, the local god Amun rose in importance as well and became linked to the sun god Ra, thus creating the new 'king of gods' Amun-Ra. His great temple at Karnak, just north of Thebes, was the most important temple of Egypt right until the end of antiquity.

Later, the city was attacked by Assyrian emperor Ashurbanipal, who installed a new prince on the throne, Psamtik I.^[13] The city of Thebes was in ruins and fell in significance. However, Alexander the Great did arrive at the temple of Amun, where the statue of the god was transferred from Karnak during the Opet Festival, the great religious feast.^[13] Thebes remained a site of spirituality up to the Christian era, and attracted numerous Christian monks of the Roman Empire who established monasteries amidst several ancient monuments including the temple of Hatshepsut, now called Deir el-Bahri ("the northern monastery").^[13]

Following the Muslim conquest of Egypt, part of the Luxor Temple was converted from a church to a mosque. This mosque is currently known as the Abu Haggag Mosque today.

The 18th century saw an increase of Europeans visiting Luxor, with some publishing their travels and documenting its surroundings, such as Claude Sicard, Granger, Frederick Louis Norden, Richard Pococke, Vivant Denon and others. By the 20th century, Luxor had become a major tourist destination.

Archaeology

File:Thèbes. Plan général de la portion de la Vallée du Nil qui comprend les ruines (NYPL b14212718-1267931).jpg

The area in 1809, from the Description de l'Égypte.

In April 2018, the Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities announced the discovery of the shrine of god Osiris: Ptah Neb, dating back to the 25th dynasty in the Temple of Karnak. According to archaeologist Essam Nagy, the material remains from the area contained clay pots, the lower part of a sitting statue and part of a stone panel showing an offering table filled with a sheep and a goose which were the symbols of the god Amun.^[14]^[15]^[16]

On the same day in November 2018, two different discoveries were announced. One was by the Egyptian Supreme Council of Antiquities that had found a 13th-century tomb on the West Bank belonging to Thaw-Irkhet-If, the overseer of the mummification shrine at the temple of Mut, and his wife.^[17] Five months of excavation work until this point had revealed colorful scenes of the family and 1,000 funerary statues or ushabti.^[17] The other discovery was of 1000 ushabti and two sarcophagi each containing a mummy in the TT33 complex by a joint team from the IFAO (French Institute of Oriental Archaeology, Cairo, Egypt) and the University of Strasbourg.^[17]^[18] One of the sarcophagi was opened in private by Egyptian antiquities officials, while the other, of a female 18th Dynasty woman named Thuya, was opened in front of international media.^[17]^[18]^[19]

In October 2019, Egyptian archaeologists, headed by Zahi Hawass, revealed an ancient "industrial area" used to manufacture decorative artefacts, furniture, and pottery for royal tombs. The site contained a big kiln to fire ceramics and 30 ateliers. According to Zahi Hawass, each atelier had a different aim – some of them were used to make pottery, others used to produce gold artefacts, and others still to churn out furniture. About 75 meters below the valley, several items believed to have adorned wooden royal coffins, such as inlaid beads, silver rings, and gold foil, were unearthed. Some artefacts depicted the wings of deity Horus.^[20]^[21]

In October 2019, the Egyptian archaeological mission unearthed thirty well-preserved wooden coffins (3,000 years old) in front of the Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut in El-Assasif Cemetery. The coffins contained mummies of twenty-three adult males, five adult females, and two children, who are believed to be from the middle class. According to Hawass, mummies were decorated with mixed carvings and designs, including scenes from Egyptian gods, hieroglyphs, and the Book of the Dead, a series of spells that allowed the soul to navigate in the afterlife. Some of the coffins had the names of the dead engraved on them.^[22]^[23]^[24]^[25]

On 8 April 2021, Egyptian archaeologists led by Zahi Hawass found Aten, a 3,400-year-old "lost golden city" near Luxor. It is the largest known city from Ancient Egypt to be unearthed to date. The site was said by Betsy Bryan, professor of Egyptology at Johns Hopkins University to be "the second most important archaeological discovery since the tomb of Tutankhamun".^[26] The site is celebrated by the unearthing crew for showing a glimpse into the ordinary lives of living ancient Egyptians whereas past archaeological discoveries were from tombs and other burial sites. Many artefacts are found alongside the buildings, such as pottery dated back to the reign of Amenhotep III, rings, and everyday working tools. The site is not completely unearthed as of the 10th of April 2021.^[26]

In February 2025, a joint Egyptian-British archaeological team announced the discovery of the tomb of Thutmose II near Luxor, marking the first identification of a pharaonic royal tomb in over a century since that of Tutankhamun in 1922. Located west of the Valley of the Kings in an area known as Wadi C, the tomb—designated Wadi C-4—was identified through inscriptions on alabaster vessels bearing the names of Thutmose II and his wife, Hatshepsut. The tomb's interior featured fragments of funerary furniture and decorative elements, including blue-painted ceilings with yellow stars and religious texts. However, the site had suffered damage due to ancient flooding, which led to the deterioration of many of its original contents.^[27]^[28]^[29]^[30]

In May 2025, Egyptian archaeologists uncovered three ancient New Kingdom tombs at the Dra Abu el-Naga necropolis in Luxor, dating back over 3,500 years; the tombs belonged to high-ranking officials identified through inscriptions as Amum-em-Ipet, Baki (a grain silo supervisor), and “S” (a Temple of Amun supervisor, scribe, and northern oasis mayor). Each tomb features typical New Kingdom architectural elements such as courtyards, halls, burial shafts, and wall depictions of banquet scenes and funerary processions, offering new insights into elite burial customs in non‑royal Theban cemeteries.^[31]

In May 2025, a joint Egyptian–Canadian archaeological mission identified the owner of Kampp 23, a rock-cut tomb located in the El-Asasif necropolis, as Amun Mes, a high-ranking official who served as the mayor of Thebes during the Ramesside period. The tomb featuring a T-shaped layout typical of the 19th–20th Dynasties was first discovered in the 1970s but remained unattributed until recent excavations revealed inscriptions confirming Amun Mes's identity and several of his titles, including tax collector, royal advisor, divine father of Amun, and overseer of quarry expeditions. The team also found evidence of later reuse, such as painted plaster over original reliefs and fragments of ushabti figures.^[32]^[33]^[34]

Landmarks

West bank

Valley of the Kings
Valley of the Queens
Medinet Habu (Mortuary Temple of Ramesses III, etc.)
The Ramesseum (memorial temple of Ramesses II)
Deir el-Medina (workers' village)
Tombs of the Nobles
Deir el-Bahari (Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut, etc.)
Malkata (palace of Amenophis III)
Colossi of Memnon (memorial temple of Amenophis III)
Al-Asasif cemetery

East bank

File:Luxortemple.jpg

A panoramic view of the interior of the Luxor temple, just inside the entrance. The Abu Haggag Mosque, built over the ruins, is on the left.

File:Karnakpanorama.jpg

A panoramic view of the great hypostyle hall in the Precinct of Amun Re

Geography

Approximately 4,000 years ago, a significant alteration in the geography of the Nile River occurred, particularly in the region near modern-day Luxor. This transformation involved the expansion of the floodplain, which increased the availability of arable land. This geographic and environmental shift likely played a crucial role in supporting the agricultural productivity that underpinned the prosperity and stability of ancient Egyptian civilization during that period and over the years.^[35]

Climate

Luxor has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh) like the rest of Egypt. Aswan and Luxor have the hottest summer days of any city in Egypt. Aswan and Luxor have nearly the same climate. Luxor is one of the sunniest and driest cities in the world. Average high temperatures are above Template:Convert during summer (June, July, August). During the coolest month of the year, average high temperatures remain above Template:Convert while average low temperatures remain above Template:Convert.

The climate of Luxor has precipitation levels lower than even most other places in the Sahara, with less than Template:Cvt of average annual precipitation. The desert city is one of the driest ones in the world, and rainfall does not occur every year. The air in Luxor is more humid than in Aswan, but still very dry. There is an average relative humidity of 39.9%, with a maximum mean of 57% during winter and a minimum mean of 27% during summer.

The climate of Luxor is extremely clear, bright, and sunny year-round, in all seasons, with a low seasonal variation, with about 4,000 hours of annual sunshine, very close to the maximum theoretical sunshine duration.

In addition, Luxor, Minya, Sohag, Qena, and Asyut have the widest difference of temperatures between days and nights of any city in Egypt, with almost Template:Convert difference.

The hottest temperature recorded was on May 15, 1991, which was Template:Convert, and the coldest temperature was on February 6, 1989, which was Template:Convert.^[36]

Template:Weather box

Coptic Catholic Eparchy

Template:Prose The Coptic Catholic (Alexandrian Rite) minority established on November 26, 1895, an Eparchy (Eastern Catholic Diocese) of Luqsor (Luxor) alias Thebes, on territory split off from the Apostolic Vicariate of Egypt. Its episcopal see is St. George cathedral in Luxor.

In turn, it lost territory on August 10, 1947, to establish the Eparchy of Assiut and again on 14 September 1981 to establish Sohag.

Suffragan Eparchs of Luxor

Ignazio Gladès Berzi (March 6, 1896 – died January 29, 1925)
Marc Khouzam (August 6, 1926 – August 10, 1947), also Apostolic Administrator of Alexandria of the Copts (Egypt) (December 30, 1927 – August 10, 1947); later Coptic Catholic Patriarch of Alexandria (10 August 10, 1947 – died February 2, 1958)
Isaac Ghattas (June 21, 1949 – May 8, 1967), later Archbishop-Bishop of Minya of the Copts (Egypt) (May 8, 1967 – died June 8, 1977)
Amba Andraos Ghattas, Lazarists (C.M.) (May 8, 1967 – June 9, 1986), also Apostolic Administrator of Alexandria of the Copts (Egypt) (February 24, 1984 – June 9, 1986), President of Synod of the Catholic Coptic Church (1985 – March 30, 2006), President of Assembly of the Catholic Hierarchy of Egypt (1985 – March 30, 2006), later Coptic Catholic Patriarch of Alexandria (June 23, 1986 – retired March 30, 2006), created Cardinal-Patriarch (February 21, 2001 – died January 20, 2009), also President of Council of Catholic Patriarchs of the East (2003–2006)
Aghnatios Elias Yaacoub, Jesuits (S.J.) (July 15, 1986 – died March 12, 1994), previously Coadjutor Eparch of Assiut of the Copts (Egypt) (May 19, 1983 – July 15, 1986)
Youhannes Ezzat Zakaria Badir (June 24, 1994 – December 27, 2015), previously Eparch (Bishop) of Ismayliah of the Copts (Egypt) (November 23, 1992 – June 23, 1994)
Emmanuel (Khaled Ayad) Bishay (April 16, 2016 -

Economy

File:Luxor, Egypt, Luxor Corniche.jpg

Luxor Corniche

File:Luxor, Sharia Mahattat, Egypt, Oct 2004.jpg

Streets of Luxor in 2004

File:Luxor Souq R01.jpg

Luxor souq

The economy of Luxor, like that of many other Egyptian cities, is heavily dependent on tourism. Since 1988, Luxor has been the only city that offers hot air balloon rides in Egypt, which is a common activity for tourists. Large numbers of people also work in agriculture, particularly sugarcane. There are also many industries, such as the pottery industry, used in eating, and many other uses.

The local economy was hit by the Luxor massacre in 1997, in which a total of 64 people (including 59 visiting tourists) were killed, at the time the worst terrorist attack in Egypt (before the Sharm el-Sheikh terrorist attacks).^[37] The massacre reduced tourist numbers for several years.^[38] Following the 2011 Arab Spring, tourism to Egypt dropped significantly, again affecting local tourist markets. Nineteen Asian and European tourists died when a hot air balloon crashed early on Tuesday, February 26, 2013, near Luxor following a mid-air gas explosion. It was one of the worst accidents involving tourists in Egypt. The casualties included French, British, Hungarian, Japanese nationals, and nine tourists from Hong Kong.^[39]

To make up for shortfalls in income, many cultivate their own food. Goat's cheese, pigeons, subsidized and home-baked bread, and homegrown tomatoes are commonplace among the majority of its residents.

Tourism development

File:Winter Palace Luxor front.jpg

Winter Palace Luxor hotel front

A controversial tourism development plan aims to transform Luxor into the biggest, vast open-air museum. The master plan envisions new roads, five-star hotels, glitzy shops, and an IMAX theatre. The main attraction is an 11 million dollar project to unearth and restore the Template:Convert long Avenue of Sphinxes that once linked Luxor and Karnak temples. The ancient processional road was built by the pharaoh Amenhotep III and took its final form under Nectanebo I in 400 BCE. Over a thousand sphinx statues lined the road now being excavated, which was covered by silt, homes, mosques, and churches. Excavation started around 2004.^[40]^[41]

File:Touristenbazar in Luxor (1995, 880x625).jpg

Street market

On 18 April 2019, the Egyptian Government announced the discovery of a previously unopened coffin in Luxor, dated back to 18th dynasty of Upper and Lower Egypt.^[42]^[43] According to the Minister of Antiquities Khaled al-Anani, it is the biggest rock-cut tomb to be unearthed in the ancient city of Thebes.^[44] It is one of the largest, well-preserved tombs ever found near the ancient city of Luxor.^[45] On 24 November 2018, this discovery was preceded by the finding of a well-preserved mummy of a woman inside a previously unopened coffin dating back more than 3,000 years.^[46]^[17]

Infrastructure

Transport

File:Luxor International.JPG

Luxor International Airport

Luxor is served by Luxor International Airport.

A bridge was opened in 1998, a few kilometres upstream of the main town of Luxor, allowing ready land access from the east bank to the west bank. Traditionally, river crossings have been the domain of several ferry services. The so-called 'local ferry' (also known as the 'National Ferry') continues to operate from a landing opposite the Temple of Luxor.

File:Luxor Station.jpg

Luxor railway station

Transport to sites on the west bank is serviced by taxi drivers who often approach ferry passengers.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". There are also local cars that reach some of the monuments for 2 L.E., although tourists rarely use them. Alternatively, motorboats line both banks of the Nile all day, providing a quicker, but more expensive (50 L.E.) crossing to the other side.

The city of Luxor on the east bank has several bus routes used mainly by locals. Tourists often rely on horse carriages, called "calèches", for transport or tours around the city. Taxis are plentiful and reasonably priced, and since the government has decreed that taxis older than 20 years will not be relicensed, there are many modern air-conditioned cabs. Recently, new roads have been built in the city to cope with the growth in traffic.

For domestic travel along the route of the Nile, a rail service operates several times a day. A morning train and a sleeping train can be taken from the railway station situated around Template:Convert from Luxor Temple. The line runs between several major destinations, including Cairo to the north and Aswan to the south.

Luxor University

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Luxor University, founded in 2019, is a non-profit governmental university that provides programs and courses for students.^[47]

Twin towns – sister cities

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Template:Flagicon Baltimore, United States^[48]
Template:Flagicon Brasília, Brazil^[49]
Template:Flagicon Kakheti, Georgia^[50]
Template:Flagicon Kazanlak, Bulgaria^[51]
Template:Flagicon Shenzhen, China^[52]
Template:Flagicon Viterbo, Italy^[53]
Template:Flagicon Yangzhou, China^[54]

Template:Div col end

Notable People

Meritaten, Egyptian Royal Wife, King's Daughter
Ahmose-Nefertari, Egyptian queen consort
Neferhotep I, Egyptian pharaoh
Sobekhotep IV, Egyptian king
Ahmed el-Tayeb, Egyptian Islamic scholar
Bahaa Taher (1935–2022), Egyptian novelist
Yusuf Abu al-Haggag (1150–1245), Egyptian Scholar and Saint of Luxor

Gallery

Station Street in Luxor

Station Street in Luxor
Luxor pier

Luxor pier
Street market in Luxor

Street market in Luxor
The New Corniche in Luxor

The New Corniche in Luxor
Sunset on Nile River in Luxor, Feluccas

Sunset on Nile River in Luxor, Feluccas
Luxor Temple as seen from the River Nile

Luxor Temple as seen from the River Nile
Panoramic view of Luxor

Panoramic view of Luxor
Luxor Temple

Luxor Temple
Central corridor and four colossi by night

Central corridor and four colossi by night
Ramesses II colossus inside Luxor Temple at night

Ramesses II colossus inside Luxor Temple at night
Amenhotep's colonnade from the peristyle court

Amenhotep's colonnade from the peristyle court
Hundreds of sphinxes once lined the road to nearby Karnak

Hundreds of sphinxes once lined the road to nearby Karnak
The Abu Haggag Mosque inside the temple

The Abu Haggag Mosque inside the temple
Luxor Temple and Abu Haggag Mosque

Luxor Temple and Abu Haggag Mosque
Mosque in Mansheya Street

Mosque in Mansheya Street
Hot Air Balloon In Luxor

Hot Air Balloon In Luxor
New Tiba City: extension east of Luxor, started in 2000

New Tiba City: extension east of Luxor, started in 2000

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

Template:Reflist

External links

Template:Sister project Template:Wikivoyage Template:Library resources box

Theban Mapping Project: website devoted to the Valley of the Kings and other sites in the Theban Necropolis
Luxor World Heritage Site in panographies Template:Webarchive - 360 degree interactive imaging
GCatholic Copic epachy
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Luxor Temple picture gallery at Remains.se

Template:Governorates capital of Egypt Template:Sa'id / Upper Egypt Main Cities Template:Egyptian Cities Template:Landmarks of Luxor Template:Arab Capital of Culture

Template:Authority control

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[37] Shock in Sharm Template:Webarchive 23 July, Serene Assir, Al-Ahram Weekly

[38] "Solidly ahead of oil, Suez Canal revenues, and remittances, tourism is Egypt's main hard currency earner at $6.5 billion per year." (in 2005) ... concerns over tourism's future Template:Webarchive accessed 27 September 2007

[39] (Times of India, Indore, MP, India edition Wed, February 27, 2013)

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@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 | official_name      =
 | settlement_type    = [[List of cities and towns in Egypt|City]]
-| image_skyline      = {{Photomontage
+| image_skyline      = {{Multiple image
-  |photo1a                 = Luxor 11.jpg{{!}}City view of Luxor on the east bank of the Nile River
+| perrow            = 1/3/2/2
- |photo2a                 = Ramses II in Luxor Temple.jpg{{!}}Ramses II
+| total_width       = 290
- |photo2b                 = Luxor Maritim Jolie Ville Hotel R18.jpg{{!}}Luxor Maritim Jolie Ville Hotel
+| caption_align     = center
- |photo3a                 = بانوراما من داخل معبد الاقصر.jpg{{!}}Luxor Temple
+| image1            = Luxor 11.jpg
- |photo3b                 = Luxor Museum 2010.jpg{{!}}Luxor Museum 2010
+| caption1          = City view of Luxor on the east bank of the [[Nile]] River
-|photo4a                  = Aerial Views of Luxor No 24..JPG{{!}}Aerial view of Luxor
+| image2            = Ramses II in Luxor Temple.jpg
-|photo4b                  = Luxor, Luxor City, Luxor, Luxor Governorate, Egypt - panoramio (268).jpg{{!}} Luxor Corniche
+| caption2          = [[Luxor Temple]]
- |size                    = 280
+| image3            = Aerial Views of Luxor No 24..JPG
- |spacing                 = 2
+| caption3          = [[Hot air ballooning in Luxor|Hot air ballooning]]
- |color                   = transparent
+| image4            = Luxor, Luxor City, Luxor, Luxor Governorate, Egypt - panoramio (268).jpg
- |border                  = 1
+| caption4          = [[Nile Corniche |Waterfront]]
- }}
+| image5            = Luxor Museum 1.JPG
-| image_caption      = '''From top, left to right:''' <br> Buildings on the Nile banks, statue of [[Ramses II]], Luxor Maritim Jolie Ville, [[Luxor Temple]], [[Luxor Museum]], Aerial view of Luxor, Luxor Corniche
+| caption5          = [[Luxor Museum]]
+| image6            = Winter Palace Luxor front.jpg
+| caption6          = [[Winter Palace Hotel]]
+| image7            = Karnak temple complex 12.jpg
+| caption7          = [[Karnak]]
+| image8            = Luxor International.JPG
+| caption8          = [[Luxor International Airport]]
+| border            = infobox
+}}
 | image_flag         = Eg luxor1.png
 | flag_size          = 125px
@@ Line 36: / Line 44: @@
 | subdivision_type1  = Governorate
 | subdivision_name1  = [[Luxor Governorate|Luxor]]
-| area_total_km2     = 417
+| established_title  = Founded
-| area_footnotes     = <ref name="99stats" />
+| established_date   = 3200 BC
+| area_total_km2     = 416.0
+| area_footnotes     = <ref name="citypopulation2023">{{cite web |title=Egypt: Governorates, Major Cities & Towns - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/egypt/cities/ |website=www.citypopulation.de |access-date=9 August 2025}}</ref>
 | elevation_m        = 89
 | elevation_ft       =
-| population_total   = 263109
+| population_total   = 284,952
-| population_as_of   = 2020
+| population_as_of   = 2023
 | population_density_km2 = auto
-| population_blank1_title = [[Demonym]]
+| population_demonyms = Luxorian, El Uxuori (''Male'', [[Arabic]]: الإقصري), El Uxuoriah  (''Female'', [[Arabic]]: الإقصرية)
-| population_blank1  = Luxorian
+| population_blank1  =
 | population_note    =
 | demographics_type1 = GDP
@@ Line 59: / Line 69: @@
 | utc_offset_DST     = +3
 | website            = {{URL|www.luxor.gov.eg}}
-| population_footnotes = <ref name="pop">{{cite web |title=Annual Bulletin of Births and Deaths Statistics 2020 |url=https://www.censusinfo.capmas.gov.eg/Metadata-en-v4.2/index.php/catalog/560 |website=CAPMAS |access-date=29 October 2023 |date=December 2021 |archive-date=October 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029135323/https://www.censusinfo.capmas.gov.eg/Metadata-en-v4.2/index.php/catalog/560 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+| population_footnotes = <ref name="citypopulation2023" />
 | population_density_sq_mi = auto
 }}
-'''Luxor'''{{efn|{{langx|ar|الأقصر|al-ʾuqṣur|lit=the palaces}}}} is a city in [[Upper Egypt]]. Luxor had a population of 263,109 in 2020,<ref name="pop"/> with an area of approximately {{cvt|417|km2}}<ref name="99stats">{{cite web |url=http://www.luxor.gov.eg/population.htm |title=Data from Luxor.gov.eg |access-date=2007-06-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609233846/http://www.luxor.gov.eg/population.htm |archive-date=2007-06-09}}</ref> and is the capital of the [[Luxor Governorate]]. It is among the [[List of oldest continuously inhabited cities|oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world]].
+'''Luxor'''{{efn|{{langx|ar|الأقصر|al-ʾuqṣur|lit=the palaces}}}} is a city in [[Upper Egypt]]. Luxor had a population of 284,952 in 2023, with an area of {{cvt|43.0|km2}}<ref name="citypopulation2023" /> and is the capital of the [[Luxor Governorate]]. Nicknamed '''the''' '''City of a Hundred Gates''' or '''the City of the Sun''', formerly known as [[Thebes, Egypt|Thebes]]. It was one of the capitals of [[Ancient Egypt]]. The city is among the [[List of oldest continuously inhabited cities|oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=الأقصر.. مدينة الشمس التي تضم سدس آثار العالم |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/encyclopedia/2017/4/19/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d9%85%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b6%d9%85-%d8%b3%d8%af%d8%b3-%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1 |access-date=2025-11-01 |website=الجزيرة نت |language=ar}}</ref>
+Luxor has frequently been characterized as the <nowiki>''</nowiki>world's greatest open-air museum<nowiki>''</nowiki>, as the ruins of the [[Egyptian temple]] complexes at [[Karnak]] and [[Luxor Temple|Luxor]] stand within the modern city. Immediately opposite, across the [[Nile|River Nile]], lie the monuments, temples, and tombs of the West Bank [[Theban Necropolis]], which includes the [[Valley of the Kings]] and the [[Valley of the Queens]]. Luxor is a major destination for [[Tourism in Egypt|tourism]], with its large hotels and resorts, known also for its famous [[Hot air ballooning in Luxor|hot air balloons]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=team |first=Egyptra |date=2024-12-10 |title="Explore Luxor: The Ultimate Guide to Egypt's Most Iconic Ancient Sites and Tours" |url=https://egyptra.com/explore-luxor-the-ultimate-guide-to-egypts/ |access-date=2025-11-05 |website=Egyptra Travel - Discover Egypt |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Four Seasons Expands in Egypt with Addition of Three New Luxury Hotel and Residential Projects |url=https://press.fourseasons.com/news-releases/2022/four-seasons-expands-in-egypt/ |access-date=2025-11-05 |website=Four Seasons Press Room |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-18 |title=Luxor witnesses surge in tourist flow at temples, hot air balloons rides |url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/6/139108/Luxor-witnesses-surge-in-tourist-flow-at-temples-hot-air |access-date=2025-11-05 |website=EgyptToday}}</ref> The city also contains diversified cultural heritage such as [[Temple|temples]], [[Church (building)|churches]], and [[Mosque|mosques]], co-existing side by side. Around 5 million tourists from around the world arrive annually to visit Luxor's attractions, making a significant contribution to the modern city's economy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=team |first=Egyptra |date=2024-12-10 |title="Explore Luxor: The Ultimate Guide to Egypt's Most Iconic Ancient Sites and Tours" |url=https://egyptra.com/explore-luxor-the-ultimate-guide-to-egypts/ |access-date=2025-11-05 |website=Egyptra Travel - Discover Egypt |language=en-US}}</ref>
-Luxor has frequently been characterized as the <nowiki>''</nowiki>world's greatest open-air museum<nowiki>''</nowiki>, as the ruins of the [[Egyptian temple]] complexes at [[Karnak]] and [[Luxor Temple|Luxor]] stand within the modern city. Immediately opposite, across the [[River Nile]], lie the monuments, temples and tombs of the West Bank [[Theban Necropolis]], which includes the [[Valley of the Kings]] and the [[Valley of the Queens]]. Thousands of tourists from all around the world arrive annually to visit Luxor's monuments, contributing greatly to the economy of the modern city. [[Yusuf Abu al-Haggag]] is the prominent Muslim historical figure of Luxor.
+The city is located between latitudes 25-26 North and 32-33 East. It is about 670 km from the Egyptian capital, [[Cairo]], about 220 km north of [[Aswan]]. Luxor covers an area of approximately 416 km², with a populated area of 208 km², and its population is estimated at approximately 284,952 in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-01 |title=Luxor {{!}} History & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Luxor |access-date=2025-11-01 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> The nearest seaport to the city is [[Safaga|Safaga Port]], and the nearest airport is the city's [[Luxor International Airport]].
 == Etymology ==
 The name ''Luxor''{{efn|{{langx|ar|الأقصر|al-ʾuqṣur|lit=the palaces}}, pronounced {{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|ʌ|k|s|ɔr|,_|ˈ|l|ʊ|k|-}},<ref>''Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary.'' Eleventh Edition. Merriam-Webster, 2006. p. 1557.</ref> {{IPA|arz|ˈloʔsˤoɾ}}, <small>[[Saidi Arabic|Upper Egyptian]]:</small> {{IPA|[ˈloɡsˤor]}}}} derives from the Arabic {{lang|ar|قصر}} {{Transliteration|ar|qaṣr}}, meaning "castle" or "palace", in the plural form ''al-quṣūr'' (“the palaces").<ref name="Co1905">{{cite book |author=Macmillan & Co |title=Guide to Egypt and the Sudan: Including a Description of the Route Through Uganda to Mombasa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xadDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA105 |year=1905 |publisher=Macmillan |page=115}}</ref><ref>Verner, Miroslav (2013). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Khh0BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA232&lpg=PA232 ''Temple of the World: Sanctuaries, Cults, and Mysteries of Ancient Egypt.''] Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, p. 232. {{ISBN|9789774165634}}. ({{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322075634/https://books.google.com/books?id=Khh0BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA232|date=March 22, 2017}}.)</ref>{{efn|Qasr may be a loanword from the [[Latin]] ''castrum'' "fortified camp".<ref>Shahîd, Irfan (2002). [https://books.google.com/books?id=pfwAG3-rpzcC&pg=PA68 ''Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century.''] Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, p. 68. {{ISBN|9780884022848}}. ({{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322083330/https://books.google.com/books?id=pfwAG3-rpzcC&pg=PA68&lpg=PA68 |date=March 22, 2017 }}.)</ref>}} It may be equivalent to the Greek and Coptic toponym τὰ Τρία Κάστρα ''ta tria kastra'' and ⲡϣⲟⲙⲧ ⲛ̀ⲕⲁⲥⲧⲣⲟⲛ ''pshomt enkastron'' respectively, which both mean "three castles".<ref name=":0" />
-The [[Coptic language#Sahidic|Sahidic Coptic]] name ''Pape''{{efn|{{Langx|cop|ⲡⲁⲡⲉ}}, pronounced {{IPA|cop|ˈpapə}}}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.trismegistos.org/place/2985 |title=TM Places |website=www.trismegistos.org |access-date=2019-12-08 |archive-date=September 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927081159/https://www.trismegistos.org/place/2985 |url-status=live }}</ref> comes from Demotic ''Ỉp.t'' meaning 'the [[adyton]],' which, in turn, is derived from the [[Egyptian language|Egyptian]]. The Greek forms ''Ἀπις'' and ''Ὠφιεῖον'' come from the same source.<ref name=":0" /> The Egyptian village of [[Aba al-Waqf]]{{efn|{{langx|ar|أبا الوقف}}, {{Langx|grc|Ωφις}}}} shares the same etymology.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Peust |first=Carsten |title=Die Toponyme vorarabischen Ursprungs im modernen Ägypte |year=2010 |location=Göttingen |pages=10}}</ref>
+The [[Coptic language#Sahidic|Sahidic Coptic]] name ''Pape''{{efn|{{Langx|cop|ⲡⲁⲡⲉ}}, pronounced {{IPA|cop|ˈpapə}}}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.trismegistos.org/place/2985 |title=TM Places |website=www.trismegistos.org |access-date=2019-12-08 |archive-date=September 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927081159/https://www.trismegistos.org/place/2985 |url-status=live }}</ref> comes from Demotic ''Ỉp.t'' meaning 'the [[adyton]],' which, in turn, is derived from the [[Egyptian language|Egyptian]]. The Greek forms "Ἀπις" and "Ὠφιεῖον" originate from the same source.<ref name=":0" /> The Egyptian village of [[Aba al-Waqf]]{{efn|{{langx|ar|أبا الوقف}}, {{Langx|grc|Ωφις}}}} shares the same etymology.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Peust |first=Carsten |title=Die Toponyme vorarabischen Ursprungs im modernen Ägypte |year=2010 |location=Göttingen |pages=10}}</ref>
 The Greek name is Thebes ({{langx|grc|Θῆβαι}}) or Diospolis. The [[Egyptian language|Egyptian]] name of the city is ''Waset'', also known as ''Nut'' ({{Langx|cop|ⲛⲏ}}),<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nwt |title=nwt - Wiktionary |website=en.wiktionary.org |date=September 25, 2019 |access-date=2019-12-08 |archive-date=December 8, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208131336/https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nwt |url-status=live }}</ref> written as <hiero>i-pA-t:pr</hiero> and <hiero>i-p:t-O45-M24-t:N21-Z1</hiero>.
@@ Line 84: / Line 96: @@
 However, as the city of the god Amun-Ra, Thebes remained the religious capital of Egypt until the Greek period.<ref name="Sacred"/> The main god of the city was Amun, who was worshipped together with his wife, the Goddess [[Mut]], and their son [[Khonsu]], the God of the moon. With the rise of Thebes as the foremost city of Egypt, the local god Amun rose in importance as well and became linked to the sun god Ra, thus creating the new 'king of gods' Amun-Ra. His [[Precinct of Amun-Re|great temple]] at Karnak, just north of Thebes, was the most important temple of Egypt right until the end of antiquity.
-Later, the city was attacked by [[Assyria]]n emperor [[Ashurbanipal]] who installed a new prince on the throne, [[Psamtik I]].<ref name="Sacred"/> The city of Thebes was in ruins and fell in significance. However, [[Alexander the Great]] did arrive at the temple of Amun, where the statue of the god was transferred from Karnak during the [[Opet Festival]], the great religious feast.<ref name="Sacred"/> Thebes remained a site of spirituality up to the Christian era, and attracted numerous Christian monks of the [[Roman Empire]] who established monasteries amidst several ancient monuments including the temple of [[Hatshepsut]], now called [[Deir el-Bahri]] ("the northern monastery").<ref name="Sacred"/>
+Later, the city was attacked by [[Assyria]]n emperor [[Ashurbanipal]], who installed a new prince on the throne, [[Psamtik I]].<ref name="Sacred"/> The city of Thebes was in ruins and fell in significance. However, [[Alexander the Great]] did arrive at the temple of Amun, where the statue of the god was transferred from Karnak during the [[Opet Festival]], the great religious feast.<ref name="Sacred"/> Thebes remained a site of spirituality up to the Christian era, and attracted numerous Christian monks of the [[Roman Empire]] who established monasteries amidst several ancient monuments including the temple of [[Hatshepsut]], now called [[Deir el-Bahri]] ("the northern monastery").<ref name="Sacred"/>
 Following the [[Muslim conquest of Egypt]], part of the Luxor Temple was converted from a church to a mosque. This mosque is currently known as the [[Abu Haggag Mosque]] today.
@@ Line 94: / Line 106: @@
 In April 2018, the Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities announced the discovery of the shrine of god [[Osiris]]: Ptah Neb, dating back to the 25th dynasty in the [[Karnak|Temple of Karnak]]. According to archaeologist Essam Nagy, the material remains from the area contained clay pots, the lower part of a sitting statue and part of a stone panel showing an offering table filled with a sheep and a goose which were the symbols of the god Amun.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-22 |title=Archaeologists find bust of Roman emperor in Egypt dig in Aswan |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1289571/art-culture |access-date=2021-01-16 |website=Arab News |language=en |archive-date=May 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507020030/https://www.arabnews.com/node/1289571/art-culture |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=DPA |first=Daily Sabah with |date=2018-04-22 |title=Archeologists find Roman emperor bust, ancient shrine in Egypt |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/history/2018/04/22/archeologists-find-roman-emperor-bust-ancient-shrine-in-egypt |access-date=2021-01-16 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en |archive-date=November 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122081648/https://www.dailysabah.com/history/2018/04/22/archeologists-find-roman-emperor-bust-ancient-shrine-in-egypt |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-22 |title=Shrine to Osiris and bust of Roman emperor found in Egypt |url=http://www.digitaljournal.com/tech-and-science/science/shrine-to-osiris-and-bust-of-Roman-emperor-found-in-egypt/article/520449 |access-date=2021-01-16 |website=www.digitaljournal.com |archive-date=January 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122041038/http://www.digitaljournal.com/tech-and-science/science/shrine-to-osiris-and-bust-of-roman-emperor-found-in-egypt/article/520449 |url-status=live }}</ref>
-On the same day in November 2018, two different discoveries were announced. One was by the Egyptian Supreme Council of Antiquities that had found a 13th-century tomb on the West Bank belonging to Thaw-Irkhet-If, the overseer of the mummification shrine at the temple of [[Mut]], and his wife.<ref name="abcnews.go.com">{{cite web |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/13th-century-priests-tomb-discovered-egypts-luxor/story?id=59418449 |title=13th century priest's tomb discovered in Egypt's Luxor |website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |access-date=April 21, 2019 |archive-date=November 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181126195539/https://abcnews.go.com/International/13th-century-priests-tomb-discovered-egypts-luxor/story?id=59418449 |url-status=live }}</ref> Five months of excavation work until this point had revealed colorful scenes of the family and 1,000 funerary statues or [[ushabti]].<ref name="abcnews.go.com"/> The other discovery was of 1000 [[ushabti]] and two sarcophagi each containing a mummy in the [[TT33 (Tomb)|TT33]] complex by a joint team from the IFAO (French Institute of Oriental Archaeology, Cairo, Egypt) and the [[University of Strasbourg]].<ref name="abcnews.go.com"/><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-46329051 |title=Ancient Egyptian tomb unveiled |work=BBC News |date=November 24, 2018 |access-date=January 31, 2021 |archive-date=December 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208210831/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-46329051 |url-status=live }}</ref> One of the sarcophagi was opened in private by Egyptian antiquities officials, while the other, of a female [[Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt|18th Dynasty]] woman named Thuya, was opened in front of international media.<ref name="abcnews.go.com"/><ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-11-24 |title=Ancient Egyptian tomb unveiled |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-46329051 |access-date=2021-01-31 |archive-date=December 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208210831/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-46329051 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ancient tomb unveiled in Egypt |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/397771-ancient-tomb-unveiled-in-egypt |access-date=2021-01-31 |website=www.thenews.com.pk |language=en |archive-date=February 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205072109/https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/397771-ancient-tomb-unveiled-in-egypt |url-status=live }}</ref>
+On the same day in November 2018, two different discoveries were announced. One was by the Egyptian Supreme Council of Antiquities that had found a 13th-century tomb on the West Bank belonging to Thaw-Irkhet-If, the overseer of the mummification shrine at the temple of [[Mut]], and his wife.<ref name="abcnews.go.com">{{cite web |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/13th-century-priests-tomb-discovered-egypts-luxor/story?id=59418449 |title=13th century priest's tomb discovered in Egypt's Luxor |website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |access-date=April 21, 2019 |archive-date=November 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181126195539/https://abcnews.go.com/International/13th-century-priests-tomb-discovered-egypts-luxor/story?id=59418449 |url-status=live }}</ref> Five months of excavation work until this point had revealed colorful scenes of the family and 1,000 funerary statues or [[ushabti]].<ref name="abcnews.go.com"/> The other discovery was of 1000 [[ushabti]] and two sarcophagi each containing a mummy in the [[TT33 (Tomb)|TT33]] complex by a joint team from the IFAO (French Institute of Oriental Archaeology, Cairo, Egypt) and the [[University of Strasbourg]].<ref name="abcnews.go.com"/><ref name="BBC24112018">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-46329051 |title=Ancient Egyptian tomb unveiled |work=BBC News |date=November 24, 2018 |access-date=January 31, 2021 |archive-date=December 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208210831/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-46329051 |url-status=live }}</ref> One of the sarcophagi was opened in private by Egyptian antiquities officials, while the other, of a female [[Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt|18th Dynasty]] woman named Thuya, was opened in front of international media.<ref name="abcnews.go.com"/><ref name="BBC24112018"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ancient tomb unveiled in Egypt |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/397771-ancient-tomb-unveiled-in-egypt |access-date=2021-01-31 |website=www.thenews.com.pk |language=en |archive-date=February 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205072109/https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/397771-ancient-tomb-unveiled-in-egypt |url-status=live }}</ref>
-In October 2019, Egyptian archaeologists headed by [[Zahi Hawass]] revealed an ancient "industrial area" used to manufacture decorative artefacts, furniture and pottery for royal tombs. The site contained a big kiln to fire ceramics and 30 ateliers. According to Zahi Hawass, each atelier had a different aim – some of them were used to make pottery, others used to produce gold artefacts and others still to churn out furniture. About 75 meters below the valley, several items believed to have adorned wooden royal coffins, such as inlaid beads, silver rings and gold foil were unearthed. Some artefacts depicted the wings of deity [[Horus]].<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Julie |last1=Zaugg |first2=Nourhan |last2=Moustafa |title=Egyptian archeologists uncover ancient 'industrial area' filled with royal artifacts |url=https://www.cnn.com/style/article/egypt-archeology-valley-kings-intl-hnk-scli/index.html |access-date=2020-09-17 |website=CNN |date=October 11, 2019 |language=en |archive-date=November 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130031021/https://www.cnn.com/style/article/egypt-archeology-valley-kings-intl-hnk-scli/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title="Egyptian archeologists uncover ancient 'industrial area' filled with royal artifacts" – CNN – infodecay |url=https://infodecay.com/egyptian-archeologists-uncover-ancient-industrial-area-filled-with-royal-artifacts-cnn/ |access-date=2020-09-17 |language=en-US |archive-date=October 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016180658/https://infodecay.com/egyptian-archeologists-uncover-ancient-industrial-area-filled-with-royal-artifacts-cnn/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
+In October 2019, Egyptian archaeologists, headed by [[Zahi Hawass]], revealed an ancient "industrial area" used to manufacture decorative artefacts, furniture, and pottery for royal tombs. The site contained a big kiln to fire ceramics and 30 ateliers. According to Zahi Hawass, each atelier had a different aim – some of them were used to make pottery, others used to produce gold artefacts, and others still to churn out furniture. About 75 meters below the valley, several items believed to have adorned wooden royal coffins, such as inlaid beads, silver rings, and gold foil, were unearthed. Some artefacts depicted the wings of deity [[Horus]].<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Julie |last1=Zaugg |first2=Nourhan |last2=Moustafa |title=Egyptian archeologists uncover ancient 'industrial area' filled with royal artifacts |url=https://www.cnn.com/style/article/egypt-archeology-valley-kings-intl-hnk-scli/index.html |access-date=2020-09-17 |website=CNN |date=October 11, 2019 |language=en |archive-date=November 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130031021/https://www.cnn.com/style/article/egypt-archeology-valley-kings-intl-hnk-scli/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title="Egyptian archeologists uncover ancient 'industrial area' filled with royal artifacts" – CNN – infodecay |url=https://infodecay.com/egyptian-archeologists-uncover-ancient-industrial-area-filled-with-royal-artifacts-cnn/ |access-date=2020-09-17 |language=en-US |archive-date=October 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016180658/https://infodecay.com/egyptian-archeologists-uncover-ancient-industrial-area-filled-with-royal-artifacts-cnn/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
-In October 2019, the Egyptian archaeological mission unearthed thirty well-preserved wooden [[coffin]]s (3,000 years old) in front of the [[Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut]] in [[El-Assasif]] Cemetery. The coffins contained mummies of twenty-three adult males, five adult females and two children, who are believed to be from the middle class. According to Hawass, mummies were decorated with mixed carvings and designs, including scenes from [[Ancient Egyptian deities|Egyptian gods]], [[hieroglyph]]s, and the [[Book of the Dead]], a series of spells that allowed the soul to navigate in the [[afterlife]]. Some of the coffins had the names of the dead engraved on them.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Alaa Elassar |title=Egypt unveils discovery of 30 ancient coffins with mummies inside |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/19/middleeast/egypt-discovers-coffins-mummies-trnd/index.html |access-date=2020-09-17 |website=CNN |date=October 20, 2019 |archive-date=November 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129171703/https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/19/middleeast/egypt-discovers-coffins-mummies-trnd/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-10-16 |title=Egypt archaeologists find 20 ancient coffins near Luxor |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-50068575 |access-date=2020-09-17 |archive-date=January 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101223925/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-50068575 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |vauthors=[[Reuters]]|date=2019-10-19 |title=Archaeologists discover 30 ancient coffins in Luxor |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/19/archaeologists-discover-30-ancient-coffins-with-mummies-in-luxor |access-date=2020-09-17 |website=the Guardian |language=en |archive-date=March 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323162800/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/19/archaeologists-discover-30-ancient-coffins-with-mummies-in-luxor |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Beachum |first=Lateshia |title=Archaeologists discover more than 20 sealed coffins just as the ancient Egyptians left them |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2019/10/16/archaeologists-discover-more-than-sealed-coffins-just-ancient-egyptians-left-them/ |access-date=2020-09-17 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=September 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929064751/https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2019/10/16/archaeologists-discover-more-than-sealed-coffins-just-ancient-egyptians-left-them/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
+In October 2019, the Egyptian archaeological mission unearthed thirty well-preserved wooden [[coffin]]s (3,000 years old) in front of the [[Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut]] in [[El-Assasif]] Cemetery. The coffins contained mummies of twenty-three adult males, five adult females, and two children, who are believed to be from the middle class. According to Hawass, mummies were decorated with mixed carvings and designs, including scenes from [[Ancient Egyptian deities|Egyptian gods]], [[hieroglyph]]s, and the [[Book of the Dead]], a series of spells that allowed the soul to navigate in the [[afterlife]]. Some of the coffins had the names of the dead engraved on them.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Alaa Elassar |title=Egypt unveils discovery of 30 ancient coffins with mummies inside |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/19/middleeast/egypt-discovers-coffins-mummies-trnd/index.html |access-date=2020-09-17 |website=CNN |date=October 20, 2019 |archive-date=November 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129171703/https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/19/middleeast/egypt-discovers-coffins-mummies-trnd/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-10-16 |title=Egypt archaeologists find 20 ancient coffins near Luxor |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-50068575 |access-date=2020-09-17 |archive-date=January 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101223925/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-50068575 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |vauthors=[[Reuters]]|date=2019-10-19 |title=Archaeologists discover 30 ancient coffins in Luxor |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/19/archaeologists-discover-30-ancient-coffins-with-mummies-in-luxor |access-date=2020-09-17 |website=the Guardian |language=en |archive-date=March 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323162800/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/19/archaeologists-discover-30-ancient-coffins-with-mummies-in-luxor |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Beachum |first=Lateshia |title=Archaeologists discover more than 20 sealed coffins just as the ancient Egyptians left them |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2019/10/16/archaeologists-discover-more-than-sealed-coffins-just-ancient-egyptians-left-them/ |access-date=2020-09-17 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=September 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929064751/https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2019/10/16/archaeologists-discover-more-than-sealed-coffins-just-ancient-egyptians-left-them/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
-On 8 April 2021, Egyptian archaeologists led by Zahi Hawass found [[Aten (city)|Aten]], a 3,400-year-old "lost golden city" near Luxor. It is the largest known city from Ancient Egypt to be unearthed to date. The site was said by [[Betsy Bryan]], professor of Egyptology at Johns Hopkins University to be "the second most important archaeological discovery since [[Tomb of Tutankhamun|the tomb of Tutankhamun]]".<ref name="nbcnews.com">{{Cite news |date=2021-10-04 |title=Inside Egypt's 3,000-year-old 'lost golden city' |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/inside-egypt-s-3-000-year-old-lost-golden-city-n1263585 |access-date=April 10, 2021 |archive-date=April 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410233306/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/inside-egypt-s-3-000-year-old-lost-golden-city-n1263585 |url-status=live }}</ref> The site is celebrated by the unearthing crew for showing a glimpse into the ordinary lives of living ancient Egyptians whereas past archaeological discoveries were from tombs and other burial sites. Many artefacts are found alongside the buildings such as pottery dated back to the reign of Amenhotep III, rings and everyday working tools. The site is not completely unearthed as of the 10th of April 2021.<ref name="nbcnews.com"/>
+On 8 April 2021, Egyptian archaeologists led by Zahi Hawass found [[Aten (city)|Aten]], a 3,400-year-old "lost golden city" near Luxor. It is the largest known city from Ancient Egypt to be unearthed to date. The site was said by [[Betsy Bryan]], professor of Egyptology at Johns Hopkins University to be "the second most important archaeological discovery since [[Tomb of Tutankhamun|the tomb of Tutankhamun]]".<ref name="nbcnews.com">{{Cite news |date=2021-10-04 |title=Inside Egypt's 3,000-year-old 'lost golden city' |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/inside-egypt-s-3-000-year-old-lost-golden-city-n1263585 |access-date=April 10, 2021 |archive-date=April 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410233306/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/inside-egypt-s-3-000-year-old-lost-golden-city-n1263585 |url-status=live }}</ref> The site is celebrated by the unearthing crew for showing a glimpse into the ordinary lives of living ancient Egyptians whereas past archaeological discoveries were from tombs and other burial sites. Many artefacts are found alongside the buildings, such as pottery dated back to the reign of Amenhotep III, rings, and everyday working tools. The site is not completely unearthed as of the 10th of April 2021.<ref name="nbcnews.com"/>
 In February 2025, a joint Egyptian-British archaeological team announced the discovery of the [[tomb of Thutmose II]] near Luxor, marking the first identification of a pharaonic royal tomb in over a century since that of [[Tutankhamun]] in 1922. Located west of the [[Valley of the Kings]] in an area known as Wadi C, the tomb—designated Wadi C-4—was identified through inscriptions on [[alabaster]] vessels bearing the names of Thutmose II and his wife, [[Hatshepsut]]. The tomb's interior featured fragments of funerary furniture and decorative elements, including blue-painted ceilings with yellow stars and religious texts. However, the site had suffered damage due to ancient flooding, which led to the deterioration of many of its original contents.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-02-20 |title=Egypt announces first discovery of pharaoh's tomb in more than 100 years |url=https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/egypt-announces-first-discovery-pharaohs-tomb-more-than-100-years-2025-02-19/ |access-date=2025-06-02 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-19 |title=Thutmose II: Last undiscovered tomb of Tutankhamun dynasty found |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5ym30v356po |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Egypt says unveils first king's tomb in over a century – DW – 02/19/2025 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/egypt-says-unveils-first-kings-tomb-in-over-a-century/a-71677763 |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=dw.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Yuhas |first=Alan |date=2025-02-21 |title=Archaeologists Find a Pharaoh’s Tomb, the First Since King Tut’s, Egypt Says |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/21/world/middleeast/egypt-tomb-archaeologists.html |access-date=2025-06-02 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
 In May 2025, Egyptian archaeologists uncovered three ancient [[New Kingdom of Egypt|New Kingdom]] tombs at the [[Dra' Abu el-Naga|Dra Abu el-Naga]] necropolis in Luxor, dating back over 3,500 years; the tombs belonged to high-ranking officials identified through inscriptions as Amum-em-Ipet, Baki (a grain silo supervisor), and “S” (a Temple of [[Amun]] supervisor, scribe, and northern oasis mayor). Each tomb features typical New Kingdom architectural elements such as courtyards, halls, burial shafts, and wall depictions of banquet scenes and funerary processions, offering new insights into elite burial customs in non‑royal Theban cemeteries.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Egypt: Archaeologists discover three ancient tombs dating back more than 3,500 years |url=https://news.sky.com/story/egypt-archaeologists-discover-three-ancient-tombs-dating-back-more-than-3-500-years-13375066 |access-date=2025-06-07 |website=Sky News |language=en}}</ref>
+In May 2025, a joint Egyptian–Canadian archaeological mission identified the owner of Kampp 23, a rock-cut tomb located in the [[El-Assasif|El-Asasif]] necropolis, as Amun Mes, a high-ranking official who served as the mayor of [[Thebes, Egypt|Thebes]] during the Ramesside period. The tomb featuring a T-shaped layout typical of the 19th–20th Dynasties was first discovered in the 1970s but remained unattributed until recent excavations revealed inscriptions confirming Amun Mes's identity and several of his titles, including tax collector, royal advisor, divine father of [[Amun]], and overseer of quarry expeditions. The team also found evidence of later reuse, such as painted plaster over original reliefs and fragments of [[ushabti]] figures.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kampp 23 tomb owner in Luxor identified - Ancient Egypt - Antiquities |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/9/546735/Antiquities/Kampp--tomb-owner-in-Luxor-identified.aspx |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=Ahram Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Carvajal |first=Guillermo |date=2025-05-23 |title=Identity of the Owner of Luxor’s Nameless Tomb Discovered |url=https://www.labrujulaverde.com/en/2025/05/identity-of-the-owner-of-luxors-nameless-tomb-discovered/ |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=LBV Magazine English Edition |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-05-26 |title=Photos: After half a century, the ‘Kampp23’ tomb's owner has been revealed |url=https://www.egyptindependent.com/photos-after-half-a-century-the-kampp23-tombs-owner-has-been-revealed/ |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=Egypt Independent |language=en-US}}</ref>
 ==Landmarks==
@@ Line 139: / Line 153: @@
 === Climate ===
-Luxor has a [[hot desert climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] BWh) like the rest of Egypt. [[Aswan]] and Luxor have the hottest summer days of any other city in [[climate of Egypt|Egypt]]. Aswan and Luxor have nearly the same climate. Luxor is one of the sunniest and driest cities in the world. Average high temperatures are above {{convert|40|°C|0}} during summer (June, July, August). During the coolest month of the year, average high temperatures remain above {{convert|71.6|F|0|order=flip}} while average low temperatures remain above {{convert|5|°C|0}}.
+Luxor has a [[hot desert climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] BWh) like the rest of Egypt. [[Aswan]] and Luxor have the hottest summer days of any city in [[climate of Egypt|Egypt]]. Aswan and Luxor have nearly the same climate. Luxor is one of the sunniest and driest cities in the world. Average high temperatures are above {{convert|40|°C|0}} during summer (June, July, August). During the coolest month of the year, average high temperatures remain above {{convert|71.6|F|0|order=flip}} while average low temperatures remain above {{convert|5|°C|0}}.
-The climate of Luxor has precipitation levels lower than even most other places in the [[Sahara]], with less than {{cvt|1|mm|2}} of average annual precipitation. The desert city is one of the driest ones in the world, and rainfall does not occur every year. The air in Luxor is more humid than Aswan but still very dry. There is an average relative humidity of 39.9%, with a maximum mean of 57% during winter and a minimum mean of 27% during summer.
+The climate of Luxor has precipitation levels lower than even most other places in the [[Sahara]], with less than {{cvt|1|mm|2}} of average annual precipitation. The desert city is one of the driest ones in the world, and rainfall does not occur every year. The air in Luxor is more humid than in Aswan, but still very dry. There is an average relative humidity of 39.9%, with a maximum mean of 57% during winter and a minimum mean of 27% during summer.
-The climate of Luxor is extremely clear, bright and sunny year-round, in all seasons, with a low seasonal variation, with about some 4,000 hours of annual sunshine, very close to the maximum theoretical sunshine duration.
+The climate of Luxor is extremely clear, bright, and sunny year-round, in all seasons, with a low seasonal variation, with about 4,000 hours of annual sunshine, very close to the maximum theoretical sunshine duration.
-In addition, Luxor, [[Minya, Egypt#Climate|Minya]], [[Sohag#Climate|Sohag]], [[Qena#Climate|Qena]] and [[Asyut#Climate|Asyut]] have the widest difference of temperatures between days and nights of any city in [[climate of Egypt|Egypt]], with almost {{convert|16|C-change}} difference.
+In addition, Luxor, [[Minya, Egypt#Climate|Minya]], [[Sohag#Climate|Sohag]], [[Qena#Climate|Qena]], and [[Asyut#Climate|Asyut]] have the widest difference of temperatures between days and nights of any city in [[climate of Egypt|Egypt]], with almost {{convert|16|C-change}} difference.
-The hottest temperature recorded was on May 15, 1991, which was {{convert|50|°C}} and the coldest temperature was on February 6, 1989, which was {{convert|-1|°C}}.<ref name="Voodoo Skies">{{cite web |url=http://voodooskies.com/weather/egypt/luxor |title=Luxor, Egypt |access-date=21 June 2013 |publisher=Voodoo Skies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619160412/http://voodooskies.com/weather/egypt/luxor |archive-date=June 19, 2015 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all |last1=Com |first1=Voodooskies }}</ref>
+The hottest temperature recorded was on May 15, 1991, which was {{convert|50|°C}}, and the coldest temperature was on February 6, 1989, which was {{convert|-1|°C}}.<ref name="Voodoo Skies">{{cite web |url=http://voodooskies.com/weather/egypt/luxor |title=Luxor, Egypt |access-date=21 June 2013 |publisher=Voodoo Skies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619160412/http://voodooskies.com/weather/egypt/luxor |archive-date=June 19, 2015 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all |last1=Com |first1=Voodooskies }}</ref>
 {{Weather box
@@ Line 278: / Line 292: @@
 == Coptic Catholic Eparchy ==
 {{prose|date=March 2017}}
-The Coptic Catholic ([[Alexandrian Rite]]) minority established on November 26, 1895 an Eparchy ([[Eastern Catholic]] Diocese) of Luqsor (Luxor) alias Thebes, on territory split off from the [[Apostolic Vicariate of Egypt]]. Its episcopal see is a St. George [[cathedral]] in Luxor.
+The Coptic Catholic ([[Alexandrian Rite]]) minority established on November 26, 1895, an Eparchy ([[Eastern Catholic]] Diocese) of Luqsor (Luxor) alias Thebes, on territory split off from the [[Apostolic Vicariate of Egypt]]. Its episcopal see is St. George [[cathedral]] in Luxor.
-In turn, it lost territory on August 10, 1947 to establish the [[Coptic Catholic Eparchy of Assiut|Eparchy of Assiut]] and again on 14 September 1981 to establish [[Coptic Catholic Eparchy of Sohag|Sohag]].
+In turn, it lost territory on August 10, 1947, to establish the [[Coptic Catholic Eparchy of Assiut|Eparchy of Assiut]] and again on 14 September 1981 to establish [[Coptic Catholic Eparchy of Sohag|Sohag]].
 ===Suffragan Eparchs of Luxor===
@@ Line 296: / Line 310: @@
 [[File:Luxor Souq R01.jpg|thumb|upright|Luxor [[souq]]]]
-The economy of Luxor, like that of many other Egyptian cities, is heavily dependent on tourism. Since 1988, Luxor is the only city that offers [[Hot air ballooning in Luxor|hot air balloon rides]] in Egypt, which is a common activity for tourists. Large numbers of people also work in agriculture, particularly [[sugarcane]]. There are also many industries, such as the pottery industry used in eating and many other uses.
+The economy of Luxor, like that of many other Egyptian cities, is heavily dependent on tourism. Since 1988, Luxor has been the only city that offers [[Hot air ballooning in Luxor|hot air balloon rides]] in Egypt, which is a common activity for tourists. Large numbers of people also work in agriculture, particularly [[sugarcane]]. There are also many industries, such as the pottery industry, used in eating, and many other uses.
-The local economy was hit by the [[Luxor massacre]] in 1997, in which a total of 64 people (including 59 visiting tourists) were killed, at the time the worst terrorist attack in Egypt (before the [[2005 Sharm el-Sheikh attacks|Sharm el-Sheikh terrorist attacks]]).<ref>[http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2005/752/fr4.htm Shock in Sharm] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130924125054/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2005/752/fr4.htm |date=2013-09-24 }} 23 July, Serene Assir, Al-Ahram Weekly</ref> The massacre reduced tourist numbers for several years.<ref>"Solidly ahead of oil, Suez Canal revenues, and remittances, tourism is Egypt's main hard currency earner at $6.5 billion per year." (in 2005) [http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2005/741/eg1.htm ... concerns over tourism's future ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130924131816/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2005/741/eg1.htm |date=2013-09-24 }} accessed 27 September 2007</ref> Following the 2011 [[Arab Spring]], tourism to Egypt dropped significantly, again affecting local tourist markets. Nineteen Asian and European tourists died when a [[2013 Luxor hot air balloon crash|hot air balloon crashed]] early on Tuesday, February 26, 2013 near Luxor following a mid-air gas explosion. It was one of the worst accidents involving tourists in Egypt. The casualties included French, British, Hungarian, Japanese nationals and nine tourists from Hong Kong.<ref>(Times of India, Indore, MP, India edition Wed, February 27, 2013)</ref>
+The local economy was hit by the [[Luxor massacre]] in 1997, in which a total of 64 people (including 59 visiting tourists) were killed, at the time the worst terrorist attack in Egypt (before the [[2005 Sharm el-Sheikh attacks|Sharm el-Sheikh terrorist attacks]]).<ref>[http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2005/752/fr4.htm Shock in Sharm] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130924125054/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2005/752/fr4.htm |date=2013-09-24 }} 23 July, Serene Assir, Al-Ahram Weekly</ref> The massacre reduced tourist numbers for several years.<ref>"Solidly ahead of oil, Suez Canal revenues, and remittances, tourism is Egypt's main hard currency earner at $6.5 billion per year." (in 2005) [http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2005/741/eg1.htm ... concerns over tourism's future ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130924131816/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2005/741/eg1.htm |date=2013-09-24 }} accessed 27 September 2007</ref> Following the 2011 [[Arab Spring]], tourism to Egypt dropped significantly, again affecting local tourist markets. Nineteen Asian and European tourists died when a [[2013 Luxor hot air balloon crash|hot air balloon crashed]] early on Tuesday, February 26, 2013, near Luxor following a mid-air gas explosion. It was one of the worst accidents involving tourists in Egypt. The casualties included French, British, Hungarian, Japanese nationals, and nine tourists from Hong Kong.<ref>(Times of India, Indore, MP, India edition Wed, February 27, 2013)</ref>
-To make up for shortfalls of income, many cultivate their own food. Goat's cheese, pigeons, subsidized and home-baked bread and homegrown tomatoes are commonplace among the majority of its residents.
+To make up for shortfalls in income, many cultivate their own food. Goat's cheese, pigeons, subsidized and home-baked bread, and homegrown tomatoes are commonplace among the majority of its residents.
 == Tourism development ==
 [[File:Winter Palace Luxor front.jpg|thumb|Winter Palace Luxor hotel front]]
-A controversial tourism development plan aims to transform Luxor into the biggest vast open-air museum. The master plan envisions new roads, five-star hotels, glitzy shops, and an IMAX theatre. The main attraction is an 11&nbsp;million dollar project to unearth and restore the {{convert|2.7|km|1|abbr=off}} long Avenue of Sphinxes that once linked Luxor and Karnak temples. The ancient processional road was built by the pharaoh [[Amenhotep III]] and took its final form under [[Nectanebo I]] in 400 BCE. Over a thousand sphinx statues lined the road now being excavated which was covered by silt, homes, mosques and churches. Excavation started around 2004.<ref>{{cite web |last=McGrath |first=Cam |url=http://www.globalissues.org/news/2011/06/16/10131 |title=Mideast: Sphinx Avenue Paved With Bitter Memories — Global Issues |publisher=Globalissues.org |date=2011-06-16 |access-date=2011-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617111728/http://www.globalissues.org/news/2011/06/16/10131 |archive-date=June 17, 2011 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=McGrath |first=Cam |url=http://elagazat.com/ar/iberotel-luxor-hotel |title=Mideast: Sphinx Avenue Paved With Bitter Memories — Global Issues |publisher=Globalissues.org |date=2011-06-16 |access-date=2011-09-16 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20161109000123/http://elagazat.com/ar/iberotel-luxor-hotel |archive-date=November 9, 2016 |url-status=usurped |df=mdy-all}}</ref>
+A controversial tourism development plan aims to transform Luxor into the biggest, vast open-air museum. The master plan envisions new roads, five-star hotels, glitzy shops, and an IMAX theatre. The main attraction is an 11&nbsp;million dollar project to unearth and restore the {{convert|2.7|km|1|abbr=off}} long Avenue of Sphinxes that once linked Luxor and Karnak temples. The ancient processional road was built by the pharaoh [[Amenhotep III]] and took its final form under [[Nectanebo I]] in 400 BCE. Over a thousand sphinx statues lined the road now being excavated, which was covered by silt, homes, mosques, and churches. Excavation started around 2004.<ref>{{cite web |last=McGrath |first=Cam |url=http://www.globalissues.org/news/2011/06/16/10131 |title=Mideast: Sphinx Avenue Paved With Bitter Memories — Global Issues |publisher=Globalissues.org |date=2011-06-16 |access-date=2011-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617111728/http://www.globalissues.org/news/2011/06/16/10131 |archive-date=June 17, 2011 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=McGrath |first=Cam |url=http://elagazat.com/ar/iberotel-luxor-hotel |title=Mideast: Sphinx Avenue Paved With Bitter Memories — Global Issues |publisher=Globalissues.org |date=2011-06-16 |access-date=2011-09-16 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20161109000123/http://elagazat.com/ar/iberotel-luxor-hotel |archive-date=November 9, 2016 |url-status=usurped |df=mdy-all}}</ref>
 [[File:Touristenbazar in Luxor (1995, 880x625).jpg|thumb|left|Street market]]
-On [[April 18|18 April]] 2019, the [[Egyptian Government]] announced the discovery of a previously unopened coffin in Luxor, dated back to 18th dynasty of [[Upper Egypt|Upper]] and [[Lower Egypt]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-archaeology/expansive-new-kingdom-tomb-unveiled-in-egypts-luxor-idUSKCN1RU2E7 |title=Expansive New Kingdom tomb unveiled in Egypt's Luxor |date=Apr 18, 2019 |website=reuters.com |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190418225746/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-archaeology/expansive-new-kingdom-tomb-unveiled-in-egypts-luxor-idUSKCN1RU2E7 |archive-date=April 18, 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=April 21, 2019 |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Mustafa Marie |url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/68489/Egypt-announces-tomb-discovery-at-Luxor%E2%80%99s-Draa-Abul-Naga-necropolis |title=Egypt announces tomb discovery at Luxor's Draa Abul Naga necropolis |work=EgyptToday |date=Apr 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190418125349/https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/68489/Egypt-announces-tomb-discovery-at-Luxor%E2%80%99s-Draa-Abul-Naga-necropolis |archive-date=April 18, 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=April 21, 2019 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> According to the Minister of Antiquities [[Khaled al-Anani]], it is the biggest rock-cut tomb to be unearthed in the ancient city of [[Thebes, Egypt|Thebes]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://luxortimes.com/2019/04/exclusive-video-ancient-egyptian-mayors-tomb-discovered-in-luxor/ |title=Ancient Egyptian Mayor's Tomb Discovered in Luxor (with video) |date=Apr 18, 2019 |website=luxortimes.com |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190418180851/http://luxortimes.com/2019/04/exclusive-video-ancient-egyptian-mayors-tomb-discovered-in-luxor/ |archive-date=April 18, 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=April 21, 2019 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> It is one of the largest, well-preserved tombs ever found near the ancient city of Luxor.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/astonishing-3-500-year-old-egyptian-tombs-discovered-in-luxor-1.4386016 |title='Astonishing' 3,500-year-old Egyptian tombs discovered in Luxor |date=Apr 18, 2019 |website=ctyvnews.ca |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190418195738/https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/astonishing-3-500-year-old-egyptian-tombs-discovered-in-luxor-1.4386016 |archive-date=April 18, 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=April 21, 2019 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> On 24 November 2018, this discovery was preceded by the finding of a well-preserved mummy of a woman inside a previously unopened coffin dating back more than 3,000 years.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/11/24/egyptian-archaeologists-unveil-newly-discovered-luxor-tombs/ |title=Egyptian archaeologists unveil newly discovered Luxor tombs |date=Nov 24, 2018 |website=telegraph.co.uk |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181124185720/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/11/24/egyptian-archaeologists-unveil-newly-discovered-luxor-tombs/ |archive-date=November 24, 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=April 21, 2019 |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Randa Ali |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/13th-century-priests-tomb-discovered-egypts-luxor/story?id=59418449 |title=13th century priest's tomb discovered in Egypt's Luxor |website=[[ABC News (United States)|abcnews.go.com]] |date=Nov 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181126195539/https://abcnews.go.com/International/13th-century-priests-tomb-discovered-egypts-luxor/story?id=59418449 |archive-date=November 26, 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=April 21, 2019 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>
+On [[April 18|18 April]] 2019, the [[Egyptian Government]] announced the discovery of a previously unopened coffin in Luxor, dated back to 18th dynasty of [[Upper Egypt|Upper]] and [[Lower Egypt]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-archaeology/expansive-new-kingdom-tomb-unveiled-in-egypts-luxor-idUSKCN1RU2E7 |title=Expansive New Kingdom tomb unveiled in Egypt's Luxor |date=Apr 18, 2019 |website=reuters.com |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190418225746/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-archaeology/expansive-new-kingdom-tomb-unveiled-in-egypts-luxor-idUSKCN1RU2E7 |archive-date=April 18, 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=April 21, 2019 |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Mustafa Marie |url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/68489/Egypt-announces-tomb-discovery-at-Luxor%E2%80%99s-Draa-Abul-Naga-necropolis |title=Egypt announces tomb discovery at Luxor's Draa Abul Naga necropolis |work=EgyptToday |date=Apr 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190418125349/https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/68489/Egypt-announces-tomb-discovery-at-Luxor%E2%80%99s-Draa-Abul-Naga-necropolis |archive-date=April 18, 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=April 21, 2019 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> According to the Minister of Antiquities [[Khaled al-Anani]], it is the biggest rock-cut tomb to be unearthed in the ancient city of [[Thebes, Egypt|Thebes]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://luxortimes.com/2019/04/exclusive-video-ancient-egyptian-mayors-tomb-discovered-in-luxor/ |title=Ancient Egyptian Mayor's Tomb Discovered in Luxor (with video) |date=Apr 18, 2019 |website=luxortimes.com |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190418180851/http://luxortimes.com/2019/04/exclusive-video-ancient-egyptian-mayors-tomb-discovered-in-luxor/ |archive-date=April 18, 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=April 21, 2019 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> It is one of the largest, well-preserved tombs ever found near the ancient city of Luxor.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/article/astonishing-3500-year-old-egyptian-tombs-discovered-in-luxor/ |title='Astonishing' 3,500-year-old Egyptian tombs discovered in Luxor |date=Apr 18, 2019 |website=ctyvnews.ca |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190418195738/https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/astonishing-3-500-year-old-egyptian-tombs-discovered-in-luxor-1.4386016 |archive-date=April 18, 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=April 21, 2019 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> On 24 November 2018, this discovery was preceded by the finding of a well-preserved mummy of a woman inside a previously unopened coffin dating back more than 3,000 years.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/11/24/egyptian-archaeologists-unveil-newly-discovered-luxor-tombs/ |title=Egyptian archaeologists unveil newly discovered Luxor tombs |date=Nov 24, 2018 |website=telegraph.co.uk |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181124185720/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/11/24/egyptian-archaeologists-unveil-newly-discovered-luxor-tombs/ |archive-date=November 24, 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=April 21, 2019 |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="abcnews.go.com"/>
 == Infrastructure ==
@@ Line 317: / Line 331: @@
 Luxor is served by [[Luxor International Airport]].
-A bridge was opened in 1998, a few kilometres upstream of the main town of Luxor, allowing ready land access from the east bank to the west bank. Traditionally river crossings have been the domain of several ferry services. The so-called 'local ferry' (also known as the 'National Ferry') continues to operate from a landing opposite the Temple of Luxor.
+A bridge was opened in 1998, a few kilometres upstream of the main town of Luxor, allowing ready land access from the east bank to the west bank. Traditionally, river crossings have been the domain of several ferry services. The so-called 'local ferry' (also known as the 'National Ferry') continues to operate from a landing opposite the Temple of Luxor.
 [[File:Luxor Station.jpg|thumb|left|Luxor railway station]]
-Transport to sites on the west bank are serviced by taxi drivers who often approach ferry passengers.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}} There are also local cars that reach some of the monuments for 2 L.E., although tourists rarely use them. Alternatively, motorboats line both banks of the Nile all day providing a quicker, but more expensive (50 L.E.), crossing to the other side.
+Transport to sites on the west bank is serviced by taxi drivers who often approach ferry passengers.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}} There are also local cars that reach some of the monuments for 2 L.E., although tourists rarely use them. Alternatively, motorboats line both banks of the Nile all day, providing a quicker, but more expensive (50 L.E.) crossing to the other side.
-The city of Luxor on the east bank has several bus routes used mainly by locals. Tourists often rely on horse carriages, called "calèches", for transport or tours around the city. Taxis are plentiful, and reasonably priced, and since the government has decreed that taxis older than 20 years will not be relicensed, there are many modern air-conditioned cabs. Recently, new roads have been built in the city to cope with the growth in traffic.
+The city of Luxor on the east bank has several bus routes used mainly by locals. Tourists often rely on horse carriages, called "calèches", for transport or tours around the city. Taxis are plentiful and reasonably priced, and since the government has decreed that taxis older than 20 years will not be relicensed, there are many modern air-conditioned cabs. Recently, new roads have been built in the city to cope with the growth in traffic.
-For domestic travel along the route of the Nile, a rail service operates several times a day. A morning train and sleeping train can be taken from the railway station situated around {{convert|400|m|yd}} from Luxor Temple. The line runs between several major destinations, including [[Cairo]] to the north and [[Aswan]] to the south.
+For domestic travel along the route of the Nile, a rail service operates several times a day. A morning train and a sleeping train can be taken from the railway station situated around {{convert|400|m|yd}} from Luxor Temple. The line runs between several major destinations, including [[Cairo]] to the north and [[Aswan]] to the south.
 == Luxor University ==
@@ Line 345: / Line 359: @@
 * {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Yangzhou]], China<ref>{{cite web |title=Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province: Overview |url=http://subsites.chinadaily.com.cn/regional/yangzhou/2018-04/25/c_114665.htm |website=chinadaily.com.cn |publisher=China Daily |access-date=2020-10-21 |archive-date=January 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117121606/http://subsites.chinadaily.com.cn/regional/yangzhou/2018-04/25/c_114665.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 {{div col end}}
+==Notable People==
+* [[Meritaten]], Egyptian Royal Wife, King's Daughter
+* [[Ahmose-Nefertari]], Egyptian queen consort
+* [[Neferhotep I]], Egyptian pharaoh
+* [[Sobekhotep IV]], Egyptian king
+* [[Ahmed el-Tayeb]], Egyptian Islamic scholar
+* [[Bahaa Taher]] (1935–2022), Egyptian novelist
+* [[Yusuf Abu al-Haggag]] (1150–1245), Egyptian Scholar and Saint of Luxor
 == Gallery ==
@@ Line 353: / Line 376: @@
 File:Luxor New Corniche R01.jpg|The New Corniche in Luxor
 File:Luxor, Egypt, Sunset on Nile River.jpg|Sunset on Nile River in Luxor, Feluccas
-File:Luxor, Egypt, Boats on Nile River.jpg|Luxor Temple as seen from River Nile
+File:Luxor, Egypt, Boats on Nile River.jpg|Luxor Temple as seen from the River Nile
 File:Egypt.LuxorTemple.River.01.jpg|Panoramic view of Luxor
 File:Luxor Temple R04.jpg|Luxor Temple

Luxor: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 16:15, 6 November 2025

Contents

Etymology

History

Archaeology

Landmarks

West bank

East bank

Geography

Climate

Coptic Catholic Eparchy

Suffragan Eparchs of Luxor

Economy

Tourism development

Infrastructure

Transport

Luxor University

Twin towns – sister cities

Notable People

Gallery

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

External links

Navigation menu

Luxor: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 16:15, 6 November 2025

Etymology

History

Archaeology

Landmarks

West bank

East bank

Geography

Climate

Coptic Catholic Eparchy

Suffragan Eparchs of Luxor

Economy

Tourism development

Infrastructure

Transport

Luxor University

Twin towns – sister cities

Notable People

Gallery

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

External links

Navigation menu

Search