Liberal Democratic Party (Japan): Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 09:28, 17 November 2025

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The Liberal Democratic Party (LDP; Template:Langx), also known as Script error: No such module "Nihongo"., is a major conservative^[1] and nationalist^[2] political party in Japan. Since its foundation in 1955, the LDP has been in power almost continuously—a period called the 1955 System—except from 1993 to 1996, and again from 2009 to 2012.

The LDP was formed in 1955 as a merger of two conservative parties, the Liberal Party and the Japan Democratic Party, and was initially led by prime minister Ichirō Hatoyama. The LDP supported Japan's alliance with the United States and fostered close links between Japanese business and government, playing a major role in the country's economic miracle from the 1960s to early 1970s and subsequent stability under prime ministers including Hayato Ikeda, Eisaku Satō, Kakuei Tanaka, Takeo Fukuda, and Yasuhiro Nakasone. Scandals and economic difficulties led to the LDP losing power in 1993 and 1994, and governing under a non-LDP prime minister from 1994 to 1996. The LDP regained stability during the premiership of Junichiro Koizumi in the 2000s before achieving its worst-ever electoral result in the 2009 election. The party regained control of the government in a landslide victory at the 2012 election under Shinzo Abe. After the 2024 and 2025 elections the LDP currently holds 191 seats in the House of Representatives and 101 seats in the House of Councillors. In modern times, the party has typically governed in coalition with Komeito. Since the 2017 general election, the Constitutional Democratic Party (CDP) has been its primary opponent in national politics.

The LDP is often described as a big tent conservative party, including factions that range from moderately conservative to far-right and ultraconservative. Although lacking a cohesive political ideology, the party's platform has historically supported increased defense spending, maintaining close ties with the United States and, since the 21st century, pursuing close relations with its Indo-Pacific allies to counter the rise of China as a superpower.^[3] The party's history and internal composition has been characterized by intense factionalism among its members since its emergence in 1955. Sanae Takaichi has served as party president since 4 October 2025.

History

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Beginnings

File:LDP launching conventin.jpg

Launching convention, 15 November 1955

The LDP was formed in 1955^[4] as a merger between two of Japan's political parties, the Script error: No such module "Nihongo". and the Script error: No such module "Nihongo"., both conservative parties, as a united front against the then popular Script error: No such module "Nihongo"., now the Script error: No such module "Nihongo".. The party won the following elections, and Japan's first conservative government with a majority was formed by 1955. It would hold majority government until 1993.^[5]

The LDP began with reforming Japan's international relations, ranging from entry into the United Nations, to establishing diplomatic ties with the Soviet Union. Its leaders in the 1950s also made the LDP the main government party, and in all the elections of the 1950s, the LDP won the majority vote, with the only other opposition coming from left-wing politics, made up of the Japan Socialist Party and the Japanese Communist Party.

From the 1950s to the early 1970s, the United States Central Intelligence Agency spent millions of dollars to aid the LDP against leftist parties such as the Socialists and the Communists,^[6]^[7] although this was not revealed until the mid-1990s when it was exposed by The New York Times.^[8] Details remain classified, while available documents show connections to prime ministers Nobusuke Kishi and Eisaku Satō from the Satō–Kishi–Abe family.^[9]^[10]^[11]

1960s to 1990s

For the majority of the 1960s, the LDP (and Japan) were led by Eisaku Satō, beginning with the hosting of the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, and ending in 1972 with Japanese neutrality in the Vietnam War and with the beginning of the Japanese asset price bubble. By the end of the 1970s, the LDP went into its decline, where even though it held the reins of government many scandals plagued the party, while the opposition (now joined with the Kōmeitō (1962–1998)) gained momentum.

In 1976, in the wake of the Lockheed bribery scandals, a handful of younger LDP Diet members broke away and established their own party, the New Liberal Club (Shin Jiyu Kurabu). A decade later, however, it was reabsorbed by the LDP.^[12]

By the late 1970s, the Japan Socialist Party, the Japanese Communist Party, and the Komeito along with the international community used major pressure to have Japan switch diplomatic ties from Taiwan (Republic of China) to the People's Republic of China.

In 1983, the LDP was a founding member of the International Democracy Union.^[13]

File:Jimin Honbu at Tokyo in 2018.jpg

Liberal Democratic Hall Bldg., Headquarters of the LDP in Tokyo

The LDP managed to consistently win elections for over three decades, and the LDP's decades in power allowed it to establish a highly stable process of policy formation. This process would not have been possible if other parties had secured parliamentary majorities. LDP strength was based on an enduring, although not unchallenged, coalition of big business, small business, agriculture, professional groups, and other interests. Elite bureaucrats collaborated closely with the party and interest groups in drafting and implementing policy. In a sense, the party's success was a result not of its internal strength but of its weakness. It lacked a strong, nationwide organization or consistent ideology with which to attract voters. Its leaders were rarely decisive, charismatic, or popular. But it functioned efficiently as a locus for matching interest group money and votes with bureaucratic power and expertise. This arrangement resulted in corruption, but the party could claim credit for helping to create economic growth and a stable, middle-class Japan. Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Despite winning the 1986 general election by a landslide, by the end of the 1980s, the LDP started to suffer setbacks in elections due to unpopular policies on trade liberalisation and tax, as well as a scandal involving their leader Sōsuke Uno and the Recruit scandal. The party lost its majority in the House of Councillors for the first time in 34 years in the 1989 election.^[14]

Out of power

The LDP managed to hold on to power in 1990 Japanese general election despite some losses. In June 1993, 10 members of the party's liberal-conservative faction split to form the New Party Sakigake.^[15] The end of the postwar miracle economy, the Japanese asset price bubble and other reasons such as the recruit scandal led to the LDP losing its majority in 1993 Japanese general election held in July of that year.

Seven opposition parties – including several formed by LDP dissidents – formed the Hosokawa government headed by Japan New Party leader and LDP dissident Morihiro Hosokawa, who became the Prime Minister preceded by Kiichi Miyazawa. However, the LDP was still far and away the largest party in the House of Representatives, with well over 200 seats; no other individual party crossed the 80-seat mark. Yohei Kono became the president of the LDP preceded by Kiichi Miyazawa, he was the first non-prime minister LDP leader as the leader of the opposition.

In 1994, the Japan Socialist Party and New Party Sakigake left the ruling coalition, joining the LDP in the opposition. The remaining members of the coalition tried to stay in power as the minority Hata Cabinet under the leadership of Tsutomu Hata, but this failed when the LDP and the Socialists, bitter rivals for 40 years, formed a majority coalition. The Murayama Cabinet was dominated by the LDP, but it allowed Socialist Tomiichi Murayama to occupy the Prime Minister's chair until 1996 when the LDP's Ryutaro Hashimoto took over.

1996–2009

In the 1996 election, the LDP made some gains but was still 12 seats short of a majority. However, no other party could possibly form a government, and Hashimoto formed a solidly LDP minority government. Through a series of floor-crossings, the LDP regained its majority within a year.

The LDP remained the largest party in both houses of the Diet, until 29 July 2007, when the LDP lost its majority in the upper house.^[16]

In a party leadership election held on 23 September 2007, the LDP elected Yasuo Fukuda as its president. Fukuda defeated Tarō Asō for the post, receiving 330 votes against 197 votes for Aso.^[17]^[18] However Fukuda resigned suddenly in September 2008, and Asō became Prime Minister after winning the presidency of the LDP in a five-way election.

In the 2009 general election, the LDP was roundly defeated, winning only 118 seats—easily the worst defeat of a sitting government in modern Japanese history, and also the first real transfer of political power in the post-war era. Accepting responsibility for this severe defeat, Aso announced his resignation as LDP president on election night. Sadakazu Tanigaki was elected leader of the party on 28 September 2009.^[19]

2009–present

The party's support continued to decline, with prime ministers changing rapidly, and in the 2009 House of Representatives elections the LDP lost its majority, winning only 118 seats, marking the only time they would be out of the majority other than a brief period in 1993, until 2024.^[20]^[21] Since that time, numerous party members have left to join other parties or form new ones, including Script error: No such module "Nihongo".,Script error: No such module "Unsubst". the Script error: No such module "Nihongo".^[22] and the Script error: No such module "Nihongo"..Script error: No such module "Unsubst". The party had some success in the 2010 House of Councilors election, netting 13 additional seats and denying the DPJ a majority.^[23]^[24] Abe became the president again in September 2012 after a five-way race. The LDP returned to power with its ally New Komeito after winning a clear majority in the lower house general election on 16 December 2012 after just over three years in opposition. Shinzo Abe became Prime Minister for the second time preceded by Yoshihiko Noda who was the leader of the DPJ.^[25]^[26]

In July 2015, the party pushed for expanded military powers to fight in foreign conflict through Shinzo Abe and the support of Komeito.^[27]

Yoshihide Suga took over from Shinzo Abe in September 2020 after a three-way race. After Suga declined to run for re-election, successor Fumio Kishida led the party to a victory in the October 2021 Japanese general election after a four-way race, defying expectations.^[28] Despite support dropping in 2022 after the assassination of Shinzo Abe over connections between various party members and the Unification Church, the party had a good showing in the 2023 Japanese unified local elections, winning over half of the 2260 prefectural assembly seats being contested and six governorship positions.^[29]

From 18 to 19 January 2024, following a scandal involving failure to report and misuse of ¥600 million in campaign funds by members of the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan's conservative Seiwa Seisaku Kenkyūkai and Shisuikai factions in violation of Japanese campaign finance and election law, three factions (Seiwa Seisaku Kenkyūkai, Shisuikai, in addition to PM Kishida's Kōchikai) all announced their intention to dissolve entirely in hopes of restoring public trust.^[30]^[31] Several LDP lawmakers were indicted, including incumbent lawmakers Yasutada Ōno and Yaichi Tanigawa, who both resigned from the party following their indictments.^[32]

In the 2024 Japanese general election, the governing LDP and its coalition partner Komeito lost their parliamentary majority in the lower house for the first time since 2009, with the LDP suffering its second-worst result in its history, securing only 191 seats. The Constitutional Democratic Party (CDP), the main opposition party led by former Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda, achieved its best result in its history, increasing its seat count from 96 to 148. This was the first general election in Japan since the 1955 election wherein no party secured at least 200 seats. The election outcome is largely attributed to a major slush fund scandal that emerged in November. Millions of yen raised at LDP faction events were illegally funneled into secret accounts, violating political financing laws. This scandal implicated 82 lawmakers from both parliamentary houses, including factions associated with former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and then-Prime Minister Fumio Kishida. The scandal, combined with low approval ratings and economic stagnation, led to Kishida's resignation in August. His successor, Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba, called for a snap election in September to bolster support. However, the LDP's attempts to distance itself from the scandal backfired when reports surfaced that the party continued to provide funds to chapters headed by implicated members. In response to the election results, the prime minister has committed to implementing fundamental reforms regarding money in politics. The LDP's coalition partner, Komeito, also performed poorly, with its leader Keiichi Ishii losing his seat and subsequently announcing his resignation. This electoral setback is particularly significant for the LDP, which has held power almost continuously since 1955, highlighting the impact of the corruption scandal on public trust in the party.^[33] The coalition also lost its majority in the upper house in 2025. This marked the first time in the LDP's history that it did not control either house in the National Diet. After Ishiba announced his resignation, Sanae Takaichi was elected to succeed him. She is the first woman to hold the role of party president. In October 2025, Komeito chief representative Tetsuo Saito announced that it would leave the ruling coalition, over disagreements with Takaichi's leadership.^[34] As a result, Takaichi negotiated a confidence and supply agreement with the Japan Innovation Party.^[35]^[36]^[37] The agreement was signed on 20 October,^[38] with Takaichi then taking office as Japan's first female prime minister on 21 October.^[39]

Ideology and political stance

Template:Conservatism in Japan The LDP is usually associated with conservatism,^[1] Japanese nationalism^[2] and being on the political right of the political spectrum.^[40] The LDP has been described as a variety of disparate ideologies such as conservative-liberal,^[41]^[42] liberal-conservative,^[43]^[44]^[45] social-conservative,^[46]^[47] ultranationalist,^[48]^[49]^[50] and ultraconservative.^[51]^[52] The party though has not espoused a well-defined, unified ideology or political philosophy, due to its long-term government, and has been described as a "catch-all" party.^[53]

The LDP members hold a variety of positions that could be broadly defined as being to the right of main opposition parties. Many of its ministers, including former Prime Ministers Fumio Kishida,^[54] Yoshihide Suga^[55] and Shinzo Abe, are/were affiliated with the parliamentary league of Nippon Kaigi, a far-right^[56] ultraconservative^[57] lobby group. In Japanese politics, the convention is to classify the Liberal Democratic Party and the Japanese Communist Party as occupying the conservative and progressive ends of the ideological spectrum respectively. However, this classification has faced challenges, especially among younger generations, since the 1990s.^[58]

The LDP has also been comparedTemplate:By whom to the corporatist-inspired model of conservative parties, such as the Christian Democratic Union of Germany, in its relative openness towards economic interventionism, mixed market coordination and public expenditure, when compared to neoliberal orthodoxy.^[59]

History

In the case of the LDP administration under the 1955 System in Japan, their degree of economic control was stronger than that of Western conservative governments; it was also positioned closer to social democracy.^[60] Since the 1970s, the oil crisis has slowed economic growth and increased the resistance of urban citizens to policies that favor farmers.^[61] To maintain its dominant position, the LDP sought to expand party supporters by incorporating social security policies and pollution measures advocated by opposition parties.^[61] It was also historically closely positioned to corporate statism.^[62]^[63]

2021 manifesto

Script error: No such module "Unsubst". During the 2021 general election, the party released the LDP policy manifesto, titled "Create a new era together with you", which included support for policies such as:^[64]^[65]^[66]

Wealth redistribution to revive the Japanese economy and empowering the middle class
Tax breaks for corporations willing to raise wages
Advance administrative reforms to facilitate digital transformation throughout society
High investment in science and technology and increased funds for university research
Secure robust supply chains for critical materials, such as rare earths
Continued development of nuclear fusion power generation, and expansion of renewable energy to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050
Reaching UN 2030 Sustainable Development Goals targets
Offer subsidies for enterprises if they move into new industries
Electronic COVID-19 vaccine passports
Expanding support for small and medium businesses hit by the COVID-19 pandemic
Constitutional amendments, including the proposed Japanese constitutional referendum to formalize the current existence of the Japan Self-Defense Forces in Article 9 of the Constitution and creating an emergency response clause
Raising Japan's defense budget from the current 1% to "two percent or more" of gross domestic product (GDP) and enhancing Japan's defense capabilities
Advance understanding of LGBT rights, although the party is not in favor of same-sex marriage,^[67] with 50% of its election candidates being "undecided" and those opposed largely outnumbering those in favor^[68]
Acceptance of foreign workers and improving management to cover labor shortages
Support Taiwan's bid to join the CPTPP agreement and WHO observer status
Promoting further nuclear disarmament and nuclear nonproliferation

Factions

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Intense factionalism has characterized the Liberal Democratic Party's history and internal composition ever since its emergence in 1955.^[69]^[70] Despite the change of factions, their history can be traced back to their 1955 roots, a testament to the stability and institutionalized nature of Liberal Democratic Party factions.^[71]

All major factions that have existed in the history of the party can be categorised into the following two groups: the Conservative Mainstream (保守本流), which originated from Shigeru Yoshida's Liberal Party,^[72] and the Conservative Substream (保守傍流), which traces its roots to Ichirō Hatoyama's Japan Democratic Party.^[73]

The Conservative Mainstream has traditionally been associated with moderate, welfarist, and centrist policies and has included the Kōchikai (historical members include Hayato Ikeda, Masayoshi Ōhira, Kiichi Miyazawa, Fumio Kishida, and Yoshimasa Hayashi), the Template:Interlanguage link (Kakuei Tanaka), and the Heisei Kenkyūkai (formerly Keiseikai, with historical members include Noboru Takeshita, Keizō Obuchi, Ryutarō Hashimoto, and Toshimitsu Motegi). The only extant faction, Shikōkai, is part of this group.^[74]

The Conservative Substream, on the other hand, has typically included hard-line and nationalistic factions such as the Seiwa Seisaku Kenkyūkai (Takeo Fukuda, Shintarō Abe, Junichirō Koizumi, and Shinzō Abe) and the Shisuikai (formerly Seisaku Kagaku Kenkyūjo, associated with Yasuhiro Nakasone, Bunmei Ibuki, Shizuka Kamei, and Toshihiro Nikai). A notable exception within this group was the Banchō Seisaku Kenkyūjo (founded by Takeo Miki and Kenzō Matsumura), which was known for its leftist and progressive policies.^[74]^[75]

In the aftermath of the slush fund scandal involving members of the Seiwa Seisaku Kenkyūkai and the Shisuikai, then-party president and prime minister Fumio Kishida decided to dissolve all factions in January 2024.^[76] All factions, except for Shikōkai, led by former prime minister Tarō Asō, complied with this directive, making it the only extant faction.^[77]^[78]

Name	Ideology	Leader	Members
Template:Ublist	Template:Ublist	Tarō Asō^[77]	56

Structure

At the apex of the LDP's formal organization is the Script error: No such module "Nihongo"., who can serve three^[79] three-year terms. (The presidential term was increased from two years to three years in 2002 and from two to three terms in 2017). When the party has a parliamentary majority, the party president is the prime minister. The choice of party president is formally that of a party convention composed of Diet members and local LDP figures, but in most cases, they merely approved the joint decision of the most powerful party leaders. To make the system more democratic, Prime Minister Takeo Fukuda introduced a "primary" system in 1978, which opened the balloting to some 1.5 million LDP members. The process was so costly and acrimonious, however, that it was subsequently abandoned in favor of the old "smoke-filled room" method—so-called in allusion to the notion of closed discussions held in small rooms filled with tobacco smoke.

After the party president, the most important LDP officials are the Secretary-General (kanjicho), the chairmen of the LDP Executive Council (somukaicho), and of the Script error: No such module "Nihongo"..

Leadership

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As of 8 October 2025:^[80]

Position	Name	House	Faction
President	Sanae Takaichi	Representatives	None (ex-Seiwa Kai)
Vice President	Tarō Asō	Representatives	Shikōkai
Secretary-General	Shun'ichi Suzuki	Representatives	Shikōkai
Chairperson, General Council	Haruko Arimura	Councillors	Shikōkai
Chairperson, Policy Affairs Research Council	Takayuki Kobayashi	Representatives	None (ex-Shisuikai)
Chairperson, Election Strategy Committee	Keiji Furuya	Representatives	None
Chairperson, Party Organization and Movement Headquarters	Yoshitaka Shindō	Representatives	None (ex-Heisei)
Chairperson, Public Relations Headquarters	Takako Suzuki	Representatives	None (ex-Heisei)
Chairperson, Diet Affairs Committee	Hiroshi Kajiyama	Representatives	None
Executive Deputy Secretary-General	Kōichi Hagiuda	Representatives	None (ex-Seiwa Kai)
Chairperson, General Assembly of Party Members of the House of Councillors	Masaji Matsuyama	Councillors	None (ex-Kōchikai)
Secretary-General for the LDP in the House of Councillors	Junichi Ishii	Councillors	None (ex-Heisei)

Membership

The LDP had over 5.5 million party members in 1991.^[81] By December 2017, membership had dropped to approximately one million members.^[82] In 2023, the LDP had 1,091,075 members, a decrease of 33,688 from the year before.^[83]

Election results

Legislative results

House of Representatives

House of Representatives
Election	Leader	Seats			Position	Constituency votes		PR Block votes		Status
Election	Leader	No.	±	Share	Position	No.	Share	No.	Share	Status
1958	Nobusuke Kishi	Template:Composition bar		61.8%	1st	22,976,846	57.80%			Government
1960	Hayato Ikeda	Template:Composition bar	Increase 11	64.2%	Steady 1st	22,740,272	57.56%			Government
1963	Hayato Ikeda	Template:Composition bar	Decrease 17	60.5%	Steady 1st	22,423,915	54.67%			Government
1967	Eisaku Satō	Template:Composition bar	Decrease 6	56.9%	Steady 1st	22,447,838	48.80%			Government
1969	Eisaku Satō	Template:Composition bar	Increase 11	59.2%	Steady 1st	22,381,570	47.63%			Government
1972	Kakuei Tanaka	Template:Composition bar	Decrease 17	55.1%	Steady 1st	24,563,199	46.85%			Government
1976	Takeo Miki	Template:Composition bar	Decrease 22	48.7%	Steady 1st	23,653,626	41.78%			Government
1979	Masayoshi Ōhira	Template:Composition bar	Decrease 1	48.5%	Steady 1st	24,084,131	44.59%			Government
1980	Masayoshi Ōhira	Template:Composition bar	Increase 36	55.5%	Steady 1st	28,262,442	47.88%			Government
1983	Yasuhiro Nakasone	Template:Composition bar	Decrease 34	48.9%	Steady 1st	25,982,785	45.76%			LDP–NLC coalition
1986	Yasuhiro Nakasone	Template:Composition bar	Increase 50	58.5%	Steady 1st	29,875,501	49.42%			Government
1990	Toshiki Kaifu	Template:Composition bar	Decrease 25	53.7%	Steady 1st	30,315,417	46.14%			Government
1993	Kiichi Miyazawa	Template:Composition bar	Decrease 52	43.6%	Steady 1st	22,999,646	36.62%			Opposition (until 1994)
1993	Kiichi Miyazawa	Template:Composition bar	Decrease 52	43.6%	Steady 1st	22,999,646	36.62%			LDP–JSP–NPS coalition (since 1994)
1996	Ryutaro Hashimoto	Template:Composition bar	Increase 16	47.8%	Steady 1st	21,836,096	38.63%	18,205,955	32.76%	LDP–SDP–NPS coalition
2000	Yoshirō Mori	Template:Composition bar	Decrease 6	48.5%	Steady 1st	24,945,806	40.97%	16,943,425	28.31%	LDP–Komeito–NCP coalition
2003	Junichiro Koizumi	Template:Composition bar	Increase 4	49.3%	Steady 1st	26,089,326	43.85%	20,660,185	34.96%	LDP–Komeito coalition
2005	Junichiro Koizumi	Template:Composition bar	Increase 59	61.6%	Steady 1st	32,518,389	47.80%	25,887,798	38.20%	LDP–Komeito coalition
2009	Tarō Asō	Template:Composition bar	Decrease 177	24.7%	Decrease 2nd	27,301,982	38.68%	18,810,217	26.73%	Opposition
2012	Shinzo Abe	Template:Composition bar	Increase 175	61.2%	Increase 1st	25,643,309	43.01%	16,624,457	27.79%	LDP–Komeito coalition
2014		Template:Composition bar	Decrease 3	61.2%	Steady 1st	25,461,427	48.10%	17,658,916	33.11%	LDP–Komeito coalition
2017		Template:Composition bar	Decrease 7	61.0%	Steady 1st	26,719,032	48.21%	18,555,717	33.28%	LDP–Komeito coalition
2021	Fumio Kishida	Template:Composition bar	Decrease 25	55.7%	Steady 1st	27,626,235	48.08%	19,914,883	34.66%	LDP–Komeito coalition
2024	Shigeru Ishiba	Template:Composition bar	Decrease 68	41.1%	Steady 1st	20,867,762	38.46%	14,582,690	26.73%	LDP–Komeito minority coalition (until 2025)
2024	Shigeru Ishiba	Template:Composition bar	Decrease 68	41.1%	Steady 1st	20,867,762	38.46%	14,582,690	26.73%	Governing minority (since 2025)Template:Efn

House of Councillors

House of Councillors
Election	Leader	Seats		Position	NationwideTemplate:Efn		Prefecture		Status
Election	Leader	TotalTemplate:Efn	Contested	Position	Number	%	Number	%	Status
1956	Ichirō Hatoyama	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	1st	11,356,874	39.7%	14,353,960	48.4%	Governing minority
1959	Nobusuke Kishi	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Steady 1st	12,120,598	41.2%	15,667,022	52.0%	Governing majority
1962	Hayato Ikeda	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Steady 1st	16,581,637	46.4%	17,112,986	47.1%	Governing majority
1965	Eisaku Satō	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Steady 1st	17,583,490	47.2%	16,651,284	44.2%	Governing majority
1968		Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Steady 1st	20,120,089	46.7%	19,405,546	44.9%	Governing majority
1971		Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Steady 1st	17,759,395	44.5%	17,727,263	44.0%	Governing majority
1974	Kakuei Tanaka	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Steady 1st	23,332,773	44.3%	21,132,372	39.5%	Governing majority
1977	Takeo Fukuda	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Steady 1st	18,160,061	35.8%	20,440,157	39.5%	Governing minority
1980	Masayoshi Ōhira	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Steady 1st	23,778,190	43.3%	24,533,083	42.5%	Governing majority
1983	Yasuhiro Nakasone	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Steady 1st	16,441,437	35.3%	19,975,034	43.2%	Governing majority
1986	Yasuhiro Nakasone	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Steady 1st	22,132,573	38.58%	26,111,258	45.07%	Governing majority
1989	Sōsuke Uno	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Steady 1st	15,343,455	27.32%	17,466,406	30.70%	Governing minority
1992	Kiichi Miyazawa	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Steady 1st	14,961,199	33.29%	20,528,293	45.23%	Governing minority (until 1993)
									Minority (1993–1994)
									LDP–JSP–NPS governing majority (since 1994)
1995	Yōhei Kōno	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Steady 1st	10,557,547	25.40%	11,096,972	27.29%	LDP–JSP–NPS governing majority
1998	Ryutaro Hashimoto	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Steady 1st	14,128,719	25.17%	17,033,851	30.45%	LDP–Liberal–Komeito governing majority (until 2000)
1998	Ryutaro Hashimoto	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Steady 1st	14,128,719	25.17%	17,033,851	30.45%	LDP–Komeito–NCP governing majority (since 2000)
2001	Junichiro Koizumi	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Steady 1st	21,114,727	38.57%	22,299,825	41.04%	LDP–Komeito–NCP governing majority (until 2003)
2001		Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Steady 1st	21,114,727	38.57%	22,299,825	41.04%	LDP–Komeito governing majority (since 2003)
2004		Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Steady 1st	16,797,686	30.03%	19,687,954	35.08%	LDP–Komeito governing majority
2007	Shinzo Abe	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Decrease 2nd	16,544,696	28.1%	18,606,193	31.35%	LDP–Komeito governing minority (until 2009)
2007	Shinzo Abe	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Decrease 2nd	16,544,696	28.1%	18,606,193	31.35%	Minority (since 2009)
2010	Sadakazu Tanigaki	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Steady 2nd	14,071,671	24.07%	19,496,083	33.38%	Minority (until 2012)
2010	Sadakazu Tanigaki	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Steady 2nd	14,071,671	24.07%	19,496,083	33.38%	LDP–Komeito governing minority (since 2012)
2013	Shinzo Abe	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Increase 1st	18,460,404	34.7%	22,681,192	42.7%	LDP–Komeito governing majority
2016		Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Steady 1st	20,114,833	35.9%	22,590,793	39.9%	LDP–Komeito governing majority
2019		Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Steady 1st	17,712,373	35.37%	20,030,330	39.77%	LDP–Komeito governing majority
2022	Fumio Kishida	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Steady 1st	18,256,245	34.43%	20,603,298	38.74%	LDP–Komeito governing majority
2025	Shigeru Ishiba	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Steady 1st	12,808,307	21.64%	14,470,017	24.46%	LDP–Komeito governing minority (until 2025)
2025	Shigeru Ishiba	Template:Composition bar	Template:Composition bar	Steady 1st	12,808,307	21.64%	14,470,017	24.46%	Governing minority (since 2025)

Logos

Liberal Democratic Party's logo (before 2017)

Liberal Democratic Party's logo (before 2017)
Liberal Democratic Party's red variant logo (since 2017)

Liberal Democratic Party's red variant logo (since 2017)

Notes

Template:Reflist Template:Notelist

References

Template:Reflist

Bibliography

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Köllner, Patrick. "The Liberal Democratic Party at 50: Sources of Dominance and Changes in the Koizumi Era", Social Science Japan Journal (Oct 2006) 9#2 pp 243–257.
Krauss, Ellis S., and Robert J. Pekkanen. "The Rise and Fall of Japan's Liberal Democratic Party", Journal of Asian Studies (2010) 69#1 pp 5–15, focuses on the 2009 election.
Krauss, Ellis S., and Robert J. Pekkanen, eds. The Rise and Fall of Japan's LDP: Political Party Organizations as Historical Institutions (Cornell University Press; 2010) 344 pages; essays by scholars
Scheiner, Ethan. Democracy without Competition in Japan: Opposition Failure in a One-Party Dominant State (Cambridge University Press, 2006)

External links

Template:Sister project

The official website of the LDP (Liberal Democratic Party) Template:In lang

Template:Liberal Democratic Party of Japan Template:Japan political parties Template:Portal bar Template:Authority control

↑ ^a ^b
The Liberal Democratic Party is widely described as conservative:
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↑ 吉田龍太郎. (2014). 保守合同後の政党政治と外交政策論争─ 対米自主外交論の内在的抑制と芦田均─. 法政論叢, 51(1), 17.
↑ ^a ^b 福永文夫. (2005). 派閥構造から見た宏池会: 組織・人的構成・リクルートメント. 獨協法学, (67), 横-75.
↑ 依田博. (1985). 自民党派閥と内閣形成岸内閣から中曽根内閣まで. 公共選択の研究, 1985(6), 71-86.
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[conservative-1] The Liberal Democratic Party is widely described as conservative:
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[73] 吉田龍太郎. (2014). 保守合同後の政党政治と外交政策論争─ 対米自主外交論の内在的抑制と芦田均─. 法政論叢, 51(1), 17.

[:1-74] 福永文夫. (2005). 派閥構造から見た宏池会: 組織・人的構成・リクルートメント. 獨協法学, (67), 横-75.

[75] 依田博. (1985). 自民党派閥と内閣形成岸内閣から中曽根内閣まで. 公共選択の研究, 1985(6), 71-86.

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Liberal Democratic Party (Japan): Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 09:28, 17 November 2025

Contents

History

Beginnings

1960s to 1990s

Out of power

1996–2009

2009–present

Ideology and political stance

History

2021 manifesto

Factions

Structure

Leadership

Membership

Election results

Legislative results

House of Representatives

House of Councillors

Logos

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links

Navigation menu

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
 {{Infobox political party
-| abbreviation     = LDP<br>Lib Dems<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Semans |first1=Himari |last2=Ninivaggi |first2=Gabriele |date=2024-11-07 |title=LDP lawmakers urge Ishiba to step down after budget passage next year |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/11/07/japan/politics/ldp-post-election-gathering/ |access-date=2025-01-09 |website=The Japan Times |language=en}}</ref><br>Jimintō
+| abbreviation     = {{Hlist|LDP|Jimintō}}
-| logo             = [[File:自民党Logo.svg|frameless|upright=0.8|class=skin-invert]]
+| logo             = [[File:自民党Logo.svg{{!}}class=skin-invert|frameless|upright=0.8]]
-| logo_size        = 200
 | colorcode        = {{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}
 | leader1_title    = [[President of the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|President]]
-| leader1_name     = [[Shigeru Ishiba]]
+| leader1_name     = [[Sanae Takaichi]]
 | leader2_title    = [[Vice President of the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|Vice President]]
-| leader2_name     = [[Yoshihide Suga]]
+| leader2_name     = [[Tarō Asō]]
 | leader3_title    = [[Secretary-General of the Liberal Democratic Party|Secretary-General]]
-| leader3_name     = [[Hiroshi Moriyama]]
+| leader3_name     = [[Shun'ichi Suzuki (politician)|Shun'ichi Suzuki]]
 | founders         = {{ublist
   | [[Ichirō Hatoyama]]
   | [[Taketora Ogata]]
 }}
-| foundation       = {{start date and age|1955|11|15|df=y}}
+| foundation       = 15 November 1955<br>({{age in years and days|1955|11|15}})
 | merger           = {{ublist
-  | [[Liberal Party (Japan, 1950)|Liberal Party]]
+  | [[Liberal Party (Japan, 1950)]]
   | [[Japan Democratic Party]]
 }}
@@ Line 26: / Line 25: @@
   | [[Japanese nationalism]]
 }}
-| position         = <!--Please do not change this without discussing on the talk page. The last discussion is at "Talk:Liberal Democratic Party#Centrist factions" Such changes will be removed-->[[Right-wing]]{{cref|A}}<ref name="Far Right-wing1">{{bulleted  list
+| position         = <!--Please do not change this without discussing on the talk page. The last discussion is at "Talk:Liberal Democratic Party#Centrist factions" Such changes will be removed-->[[Right-wing]]{{cref|A}}<ref name="Far Right-wing1">{{bulleted list
 |{{cite book |editor=Florian Coulmas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gua3EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA88 |title=Japanese Propriety, Past and Present: Disciplined Liberalism |quote=... in Japan's post-war political discourse often supporting leftist and socialist positions opposed to the ruling right-wing Liberal Democratic Party, which has always been favoured by Washington. |page=88 |date=2023 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781000885835 }}
 |{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/japan-right-wing-liberal-democratic-party-dominates-parliamentary-election-2022-7 |title=Japan's right-wing Liberal Democratic Party dominates parliamentary election |date=10 July 2022 |magazine=[[Business Insider]] |access-date=15 November 2022}}
@@ Line 36: / Line 35: @@
 |{{cite book |editor=Katsuyuki Hidaka |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3JM4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT241 |title=Japanese Media at the Beginning of the 21st Century |quote=Criticism of the unreservedly right-wing Liberal Democratic Party administration led by Abe Shinzō nevertheless remains strong. Together with advocating for changes to the constitution, the Abe administration has succeeded in passing ... |publisher=Routledge |date=2016 |isbn=9781134988778 }}
 }}</ref>
+| national         = [[Liberal Democratic Party–Komeito coalition|LDP–Komeito coalition]] (1999–2025)
+| international    = [[International Democracy Union|International Democrat Union]] (formerly)
 | headquarters     = 11–23, [[Nagatachō]] 1-chome, [[Chiyoda, Tokyo|Chiyoda]], Tokyo 100-8910, Japan
 | student_wing     = LDP Students Division<ref>{{Cite web |title=自民党学生部 |url=https://www.tokyo-jimin.jp/students/ |access-date=2024-02-21 |website=www.tokyo-jimin.jp}}</ref>
@@ Line 48: / Line 49: @@
 | name             = Liberal Democratic Party<br />{{nobold|{{Nihongo2|自由民主党}}}}
 | native_name      = {{lang|ja-Latn|Jiyū-Minshutō}}
-| newspaper        = ''Jiyu Minshu''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Endo |first1=Masahisa |last2=Pekkanen |first2=Robert |editor-last=Pekkanen |editor-first=Robert |title=Critical Readings on the Liberal Democratic Party in Japan |year=2018 |chapter=The LDP: Return to Dominance? Or a Golden Age Built on Sand? |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=poN1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1626 |volume=4 |page=1626 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |isbn=978-90-04-38055-4 |access-date=31 May 2023 |quote=The ''Jiyu Minshu'', the LDP's party paper, began to focus on rural development from June 2014.}}</ref>
+| newspaper        = ''{{ill|Jiyu Minshu|ja|自由民主}}''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Endo |first1=Masahisa |last2=Pekkanen |first2=Robert |editor-last=Pekkanen |editor-first=Robert |title=Critical Readings on the Liberal Democratic Party in Japan |year=2018 |chapter=The LDP: Return to Dominance? Or a Golden Age Built on Sand? |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=poN1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1626 |volume=4 |page=1626 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |isbn=978-90-04-38055-4 |access-date=31 May 2023 |quote=The ''Jiyu Minshu'', the LDP's party paper, began to focus on rural development from June 2014.}}</ref>
-| membership       = {{decrease}} 1,028,662 (2024 {{estimation}})
+| membership       = {{decrease}} 1,028,662
-| anthem           = "We"{{Efn|"{{lang|ja|われら}}"<br />"Ware-ra"}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jimin.jp/aboutus/song_symbol/ |script-title=ja:党歌・シンボル|website=jimin.jp|access-date=3 September 2018}}</ref>
+| membership_year  = 2024
-| slogan           = {{nowrap|''日本を守る。成長を力に。''}}<br>''Nihon o mamoru. Seichō o chikara ni.''<br>('Protect Japan. Turn growth into strength.')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jimin.jp/index.html/ |website=jimin.jp |title=自民党 |access-date=7 October 2024}}</ref>
+| anthem           = "われら"<br>''Ware-ra''<br>('We')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jimin.jp/aboutus/song_symbol/ |script-title=ja:党歌・シンボル|website=jimin.jp|access-date=3 September 2018}}</ref>
+| slogan           = {{nowrap|{{lang|ja|日本を守る。成長を力に｡  }}}}<br>''Nihon wo mamoru. Seichō wo chikara ni.''<br>('Protect Japan. Turn growth into strength.')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jimin.jp/index.html/ |website=jimin.jp |title=自民党 |access-date=7 October 2024}}</ref>
 | colours          = {{ublist
-  | {{Color box|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan, 2017)}}|border=darkgray}} Red (official){{Efn|Since 2017}}<ref>{{cite news |date=21 October 2017 |script-title=ja:日本に定着するか、政党のカラー |trans-title=Will the colors of political parties settle in Japan? |url=https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO22461210Z11C17A0000000/ |language=ja |work=[[The Nikkei]] |publisher=[[Nikkei, Inc.]] |access-date=5 October 2021 }}</ref>
+  | {{Color box|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan, 2017)}}|border=darkgray}} Red (since 2017)<ref>{{cite news |date=21 October 2017 |script-title=ja:日本に定着するか、政党のカラー |trans-title=Will the colors of political parties settle in Japan? |url=https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO22461210Z11C17A0000000/ |language=ja |work=[[The Nikkei]] |publisher=[[Nikkei, Inc.]] |access-date=5 October 2021 }}</ref>
-  | {{Color box|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}|border=darkgray}} Green (customary){{Efn|Official colour before 2017; still used on the English website}}
+  | {{Color box|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}|border=darkgray}} Green (before 2017){{Efn|Still used on the English website}}
 }}
-| seats1_title     = [[House of Councillors (Japan)|Councillors]]
+| seats1_title     = [[House of Councillors|Councillors]]
-| seats1           = {{Composition bar|114|248|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
+| seats1           = {{Composition bar|101|248|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | seats2_title     = [[House of Representatives (Japan)|Representatives]]
 | seats2           = {{Composition bar|196|465|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
@@ Line 64: / Line 66: @@
 | seats4_title     = [[Municipalities of Japan|Municipalities]]<ref name="local assemblies" />
 | seats4           = {{Composition bar|2137|29135|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
-| flag             = [[File:Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) Flag.svg|200px|border]]
+| flag             = Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) Flag.svg
 | symbol           = {{plainlist|
-*[[File:Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) Emblem.svg|120px]]
+*[[File:Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) Emblem.svg|150px]]
 '''Alternative symbol'''
-*[[File:LDP alternative symbol.svg|120px]]
+*[[File:LDP alternative symbol.svg|150px]]
 }}
 | footnotes        = {{cnote|A|The Liberal Democratic Party is a [[big-tent]] conservative party ([[#Factions|see factions table below]]).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ellington |first=Lucien |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fox9YR80V7sC&q=japan+big+tent+Liberal+Democratic+Party&pg=PA81 |title=Japan |date=2009-07-14 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=978-1-59884-162-6 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="HookGilson20012"/> The LDP has also been described as [[Centre-right politics|centre-right]],<ref>{{bulleted list
-|{{cite web|title= Japan PM Yoshihide Suga to quit over discontent at Covid response |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/sep/03/japan-pm-yoshihide-suga-announces-he-wont-run-for-re-election-as-party-leader|quote= Whoever ends up winning the contest for PM, there are unlikely to be major policy shifts by the '''centre-right LDP'''.|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|date= 3 September 2021|access-date=12 June 2025}}
+|{{cite web|title= Japan PM Yoshihide Suga to quit over discontent at Covid response |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/sep/03/japan-pm-yoshihide-suga-announces-he-wont-run-for-re-election-as-party-leader|quote= Whoever ends up winning the contest for PM, there are unlikely to be major policy shifts by the '''centre-right LDP'''.|work=[[The Guardian]]|date= 3 September 2021|access-date=12 June 2025}}
-|{{cite web|title= Japan goes to polls in one of most unpredictable elections in years: here’s what’s at stake |url= https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/japan/japan-election-2024-how-to-vote-candidates-ishiba-ldp-cdp-b2636321.html |quote= Japan has been ruled by the same '''centre-right Liberal Democratic Party''' (LDP) for 65 of the past 69 years. |publisher=[[The Independent]]|date= 27 October 2024|access-date=12 June 2025}}
+|{{cite web|title= Japan goes to polls in one of most unpredictable elections in years: here's what's at stake |url= https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/japan/japan-election-2024-how-to-vote-candidates-ishiba-ldp-cdp-b2636321.html |quote= Japan has been ruled by the same '''centre-right Liberal Democratic Party''' (LDP) for 65 of the past 69 years. |work=[[The Independent]]|date= 27 October 2024|access-date=12 June 2025}}
 |{{cite web|title= Commentary: A disastrous poll puts Japan politics on shaky path |url= https://www.channelnewsasia.com/commentary/japan-election-prime-minister-shigeru-ishiba-lose-next-ldp-4707141 |quote= But the '''LDP is fundamentally a centre-right organisation''', and Ishiba offered no olive branch to the party’s conservative wing. |publisher=[[Channel NewsAsia]]|date= 29 October 2024|access-date=12 June 2025}}
-|{{cite web|title= Why Fumio Kishida’s Future as Japan’s Prime Minister Looks Uncertain |url= https://time.com/6980945/6980945/?utm_source=chatgpt.com |quote= Though the '''center-right Liberal Democratic Party''' (LDP) has dominated the country’s politics for nearly seven decades, the top job has frequently changed hands. |publisher=[[Time (magazine)]]|date= 23 May 2024|access-date=12 June 2025}}
+|{{cite web|title= Why Fumio Kishida's Future as Japan's Prime Minister Looks Uncertain |url= https://time.com/6980945/6980945/?utm_source=chatgpt.com |quote= Though the '''center-right Liberal Democratic Party''' (LDP) has dominated the country’s politics for nearly seven decades, the top job has frequently changed hands. |publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date= 23 May 2024|access-date=12 June 2025}}
 |{{cite web|title= Shigeru Ishiba to be Japan's leader, winning on fifth attempt |url= https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/japans-ldp-picks-new-leader-replace-outgoing-pm-kishida-2024-09-26/ |quote= "We ought to be a party that lets members discuss the truth in a free and open manner, a party that is fair and impartial on all matters and a party with humility," he told a press conference after winning '''the centre-right party's contest'''. |publisher=[[Reuters]]|date= 28 September 2024|access-date=15 June 2025}}
 }}</ref> but the LDP has [[Far-right politics|far-right]]{{refn|Some sources also assessed that the LDP was founded with funds from ultranationalist, and some sources refer to the LDP as far-right ultranationalist:{{bulleted list
@@ Line 92: / Line 94: @@
 |{{cite web|title=Japan, led by less apologetic generation, stays tough in South Korea feud |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-southkorea-japan-labourers-history-an/japan-led-by-less-apologetic-generation-stays-tough-in-south-korea-feud-idUSKCN1UY1BA |quote= Electoral system changes and three years in opposition helped ultra-conservative lawmakers and lobby groups strengthen their clout in the LDP. |date=8 August 2019 |access-date=8 July 2020 |publisher=[[Reuters]]}}}}</ref> factions, including members belonging to the [[Ultranationalism|ultranationalist]] [[Nippon Kaigi]].}}
 }}
+{{Liberal Democratic Party of Japan sidebar}}
-The {{Nihongo|'''Liberal Democratic Party'''|自由民主党|Jiyū-Minshutō}}, frequently abbreviated to '''LDP''', the '''Lib Dems''', or {{Nihongo|'''Jimintō'''|自民党|}}, is a major [[conservative]]<ref name="conservative">The Liberal Democratic Party is widely described as conservative:
+The '''Liberal Democratic Party''' ('''LDP'''; {{Langx|ja|自由民主党|translit=Jiyū-Minshutō}}), also known as {{Nihongo|'''Jimintō'''|自民党}}, is a major [[conservative]]<ref name="conservative">The Liberal Democratic Party is widely described as conservative:
 * {{cite book |author1=Roger Blanpain |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WjFwStO4ONwC&pg=PA268 |title=The Global Labour Market: From Globalization to Flexicurity |author2=Michele Tiraboschi |author3=Pablo Arellano Ortiz |publisher=Kluwer Law International |year=2008 |isbn=978-90-411-2722-8 |page=268}}
 * {{cite book |author=Jeff Kingston |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XqMuAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA19 |title=Japan in Transformation, 1945-2010 |publisher=Routledge |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-317-86192-8 |page=19}}
@@ Line 100: / Line 102: @@
 * {{cite book |author=Paul W. Zagorski |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=79DtWcx1oWMC&pg=PT111 |title=Comparative Politics: Continuity and Breakdown in the Contemporary World |publisher=Routledge |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-135-96979-0 |page=111}}
 * {{cite book |author=Ray Christensen |url=https://archive.org/details/endingldphegemon0000chri |title=Ending the LDP Hegemony: Party Cooperation in Japan. |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-8248-2295-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/endingldphegemon0000chri/page/232 232] |url-access=registration}}</ref> and [[Japanese nationalism|nationalist]]<ref name="nationalist">Sources describing the LDP as nationalist:
 * {{cite web |date=22 July 2015 |title=The Resurgence of Japanese Nationalism |url=http://www.theglobalist.com/japan-shinzo-abe-nationalism-germany/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819201418/http://www.theglobalist.com/japan-shinzo-abe-nationalism-germany/ |archive-date=19 August 2016 |access-date=11 July 2016}}
 * {{cite web |date=6 August 2015 |title=As Hiroshima's legacy fades, Japan's postwar pacifism is fraying |url=https://theconversation.com/as-hiroshimas-legacy-fades-japans-postwar-pacifism-is-fraying-45521 |access-date=21 February 2020 |publisher=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation UK]] |quote=Even though much of the Japanese public does not agree with the LDP's nationalist platform, the party won big electoral victories by promising to replace the DPJ's weakness with strong leadership – particularly on the economy, but also in foreign affairs.}}
@@ Line 106: / Line 107: @@
 * {{cite web |date=15 May 2019 |title=Shinzo Abe and the rise of Japanese nationalism |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/world/asia/2019/05/shinzo-abe-and-rise-japanese-nationalism |access-date=21 February 2020 |publisher=[[New Statesman]] |quote=As a new emperor takes the throne, prime minister Abe is consolidating his ultranationalist "beautiful Japan" project. But can he overcome a falling population and stagnating economy?}}
 * {{cite news |date=1 November 2021 |title=Japan's ruling conservatives have been returned to power, but amid voter frustration, challenges lurk for Kishida |url=https://theconversation.com/japans-ruling-conservatives-have-been-returned-to-power-but-amid-voter-frustration-challenges-lurk-for-kishida-170561 |access-date=26 November 2021 |work=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] |quote=Japan's ruling conservative nationalist Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) will remain comfortably in power under its new prime minister Fumio Kishida, after the weekend's national election.}}
 * A Weiss (31 May 2018). Towards a Beautiful Japan: Right-Wing Religious Nationalism in Japan's LDP.</ref> [[List of political parties in Japan|political party in Japan.]] Since its foundation in 1955, the LDP has been in power almost continuously—a period called the [[1955 System]]—except from 1993 to 1996, and again from 2009 to 2012.
-The LDP was formed in 1955 as a merger of two conservative parties, the [[Liberal Party (Japan, 1950)|Liberal Party]] and the [[Japan Democratic Party]], and was initially led by [[Prime Minister of Japan|prime minister]] [[Ichirō Hatoyama]]. The LDP supported Japan's alliance with the United States and fostered close links between Japanese business and government, playing a major role in the country's [[Japanese economic miracle|economic miracle]] from the 1960s to early 1970s and subsequent stability under prime ministers including [[Hayato Ikeda]], [[Eisaku Satō]], [[Kakuei Tanaka]], [[Takeo Fukuda]], and [[Yasuhiro Nakasone]]. Scandals and economic difficulties led to the LDP losing power between 1993 and 1994, and governing under a non-LDP prime minister from 1994 to 1996. The LDP regained stability during the premiership of [[Junichiro Koizumi]] in the 2000s before achieving its worst-ever electoral result in the [[2009 Japanese general election|2009 election]]. The party regained control of the government in a landslide victory at the [[2012 Japanese general election|2012 election]] under [[Shinzo Abe]]. After the [[2024 Japanese general election|2024]] and [[2022 Japanese House of Councillors election|2022]] elections the LDP currently holds 191 seats in the [[House of Representatives (Japan)|House of Representatives]] and 119 seats in the [[House of Councillors (Japan)|House of Councillors]]; the party has governed in coalition with [[Komeito]] since 1999. Since the [[2017 Japanese general election|2017 general election]], the [[Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan|Constitutional Democratic Party]] (CDP) has been its primary opponent in national politics.
+The LDP was formed in 1955 as a merger of two conservative parties, the [[Liberal Party (Japan, 1950)|Liberal Party]] and the [[Japan Democratic Party]], and was initially led by [[Prime Minister of Japan|prime minister]] [[Ichirō Hatoyama]]. The LDP supported Japan's alliance with the United States and fostered close links between Japanese business and government, playing a major role in the country's [[Japanese economic miracle|economic miracle]] from the 1960s to early 1970s and subsequent stability under prime ministers including [[Hayato Ikeda]], [[Eisaku Satō]], [[Kakuei Tanaka]], [[Takeo Fukuda]], and [[Yasuhiro Nakasone]]. Scandals and economic difficulties led to the LDP losing power in 1993 and 1994, and governing under a non-LDP prime minister from 1994 to 1996. The LDP regained stability during the premiership of [[Junichiro Koizumi]] in the 2000s before achieving its worst-ever electoral result in the [[2009 Japanese general election|2009 election]]. The party regained control of the government in a landslide victory at the [[2012 Japanese general election|2012 election]] under [[Shinzo Abe]]. After the [[2024 Japanese general election|2024]] and [[2025 Japanese House of Councillors election|2025]] elections the LDP currently holds 191 seats in the [[House of Representatives (Japan)|House of Representatives]] and 101 seats in the [[House of Councillors (Japan)|House of Councillors]]. In modern times, the party has typically governed in [[Liberal Democratic Party–Komeito coalition|coalition]] with [[Komeito]]. Since the [[2017 Japanese general election|2017 general election]], the [[Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan|Constitutional Democratic Party]] (CDP) has been its primary opponent in national politics.
-The LDP is often described as a [[big tent]] [[Conservatism in Japan|conservative]] party, including factions that range from moderate conservatism to [[Japanese nationalism|right-wing nationalism]].<ref>{{bulleted  list|{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/south-korea-japan-cold-war/ |title=In a Major Shift, South Korea Defies Its Alliance With Japan |date=27 August 2019 |magazine=[[The Nation]] |access-date=19 February 2020|last1=Shorrock |first1=Tim }}|{{cite web|url=https://mansfieldfdn.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Expert_Voices-FINAL.pdf |title=Expert Voices on Japan: Security, Economic, Social, and Foreign Policy Recommendations|author=Arthur Alexander |work=[[Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation]]|date=June 2018}}|{{cite book|editor=Joy Hendry |title=Understanding Japanese Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ROCAgAAQBAJ&q=ight-wing+party%2C+the+Liberal+Democratic+Party |date=2003 |pages=219–220 |publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=9781134502561 }}}}</ref> Although lacking a cohesive political ideology, the party's platform has historically supported increased defense spending and, since the 21st century, maintaining close relations with its [[Indo-Pacific]] allies to counter the rise of China as a superpower.<ref>{{cite news |last=Park |first=Ju-min |date=12 October 2021 |title=Japan's ruling party unveils manifesto with focus on coronavirus, defence |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/japan-pm-kishida-approval-rating-49-nhk-poll-2021-10-12/ |access-date=25 December 2022 |newspaper=Reuters}}</ref> The party's history and internal composition has been characterized by intense [[Factions in the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|factionalism]] among its members since its emergence in 1955. [[Shigeru Ishiba]], Japan's incumbent prime minister, has served as [[President of the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|party president]] since 27 September 2024.
+The LDP is often described as a [[big tent]] [[Conservatism in Japan|conservative]] party, including factions that range from [[Moderate conservatism|moderately conservative]] to [[Far-right politics|far-right]] and [[ultraconservative]]. Although lacking a cohesive political ideology, the party's platform has historically supported increased defense spending, maintaining close ties with the United States and, since the 21st century, pursuing close relations with its [[Indo-Pacific]] allies to counter the rise of China as a superpower.<ref>{{cite news |last=Park |first=Ju-min |date=12 October 2021 |title=Japan's ruling party unveils manifesto with focus on coronavirus, defence |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/japan-pm-kishida-approval-rating-49-nhk-poll-2021-10-12/ |access-date=25 December 2022 |newspaper=Reuters}}</ref> The party's history and internal composition has been characterized by intense [[Factions in the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|factionalism]] among its members since its emergence in 1955. [[Sanae Takaichi]] has served as [[President of the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|party president]] since 4 October 2025.
 ==History==
@@ Line 135: / Line 136: @@
 The LDP managed to consistently win elections for over three decades, and the LDP's decades in power allowed it to establish a highly stable process of policy formation. This process would not have been possible if other parties had secured parliamentary majorities. LDP strength was based on an enduring, although not unchallenged, coalition of big business, small business, agriculture, professional groups, and other interests. [[Civil service of Japan|Elite bureaucrats]] collaborated closely with the party and interest groups in drafting and implementing policy. In a sense, the party's success was a result not of its internal strength but of its weakness. It lacked a strong, nationwide organization or consistent ideology with which to attract voters. Its leaders were rarely decisive, charismatic, or popular. But it functioned efficiently as a locus for matching interest group money and votes with bureaucratic power and expertise. This arrangement resulted in corruption, but the party could claim credit for helping to create economic growth and a stable, middle-class Japan. {{citation needed|date=January 2022}}
-Despite winning the [[1986 Japanese general election|1986 general election]] by a landslide, by the end of 1980s, the LDP started to suffer setbacks in elections due to unpopular policies on trade liberalisation and tax, as well as a scandal involving their leader [[Sōsuke Uno]] and the [[Recruit scandal]]. The party lost its majority in the House of Councillors for the first time in 34 years in the [[1989 Japanese House of Councillors election|1989 election]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Smith |first=Charles |date=10 August 1989 |title=Life after harakiri |magazine=Far Eastern Economic Review |pages=15–17}}</ref>
+Despite winning the [[1986 Japanese general election|1986 general election]] by a landslide, by the end of the 1980s, the LDP started to suffer setbacks in elections due to unpopular policies on trade liberalisation and tax, as well as a scandal involving their leader [[Sōsuke Uno]] and the [[Recruit scandal]]. The party lost its majority in the House of Councillors for the first time in 34 years in the [[1989 Japanese House of Councillors election|1989 election]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Smith |first=Charles |date=10 August 1989 |title=Life after harakiri |magazine=Far Eastern Economic Review |pages=15–17}}</ref>
 ===Out of power===
@@ Line 146: / Line 147: @@
 ===1996–2009===
 In the [[1996 Japanese general election|1996 election]], the LDP made some gains but was still 12 seats short of a majority. However, no other party could possibly form a government, and Hashimoto formed a solidly LDP minority government. Through a series of floor-crossings, the LDP regained its majority within a year.
-The party was practically unopposed until 1998 when the opposition [[Democratic Party (Japan, 1998)|Democratic Party of Japan]] was formed. This marked the beginning of the opposing parties' gains in momentum, especially in the 2003 and 2004 Parliamentary Elections, that would not slow for another 12 years.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
-In the dramatically paced [[2003 Japanese general election|2003 House of Representatives elections]], the LDP won 237 seats, while the [[Democratic Party (Japan, 1998)|DPJ]] won 177 seats. In the 2004 [[House of Councillors]] elections, in the seats up for grabs, the LDP won 49 seats and the DPJ 50, though in all seats (including those uncontested) the LDP still had a total of 114. Because of this electoral loss, former Secretary-General [[Shinzo Abe]] turned in his resignation, but Party President Koizumi merely demoted him in rank, and he was replaced by [[Tsutomu Takebe]].{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
-On 10 November 2003, the [[New Conservative Party (Japan)|New Conservative Party]] (''Hoshu Shintō'') was absorbed into the LDP, a move which was largely because of the New Conservative Party's poor showing in the 2003 general election. The LDP formed a coalition with the conservative [[Buddhist]] [[New Komeito]] (party founded by [[Soka Gakkai]]) from [[Keizō Obuchi|Obuchi]] Second shuffle Cabinet (1999–2000).{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
-After a victory in the [[2005 Japanese general election]], the LDP held an absolute majority in the Japanese [[House of Representatives of Japan|House of Representatives]] and formed a coalition government with the [[New Komeito Party]]. Shinzo Abe succeeded then-Prime Minister [[Junichirō Koizumi]] as [[2006 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election|the president of the party on 20 September 2006]]. The party suffered a major defeat in the election of 2007, however, and lost its majority in the [[House of Councillors|upper house]] for the first time in its history.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
 The LDP remained the largest party in both houses of the [[National Diet|Diet]], until 29 July 2007, when the LDP [[2007 Japanese House of Councillors election|lost its majority in the upper house]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Norimitsu Onishi |author2=Yasuko Kamiizumi |author3=Makiko Inoue |date=29 July 2007 |title=Premier's Party Suffers Big Defeat in Japan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/29/world/asia/29cnd-japan.html?ex=1343361600&en=7b98d2dcaceb08e5&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss |access-date=29 July 2007 |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref>
-In a [[2007 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election|party leadership election]] held on 23 September 2007, the LDP elected [[Yasuo Fukuda]] as its president. Fukuda defeated [[Tarō Asō]] for the post, receiving 330 votes against 197 votes for Aso.<ref>{{cite news |last=Martig |first=Naomi |date=23 September 2007 |title=Japan's Ruling Party Chooses New Leader |url=http://voanews.com/english/2007-09-23-voa5.cfm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820033055/http://voanews.com/english/2007-09-23-voa5.cfm |archive-date=20 August 2008 |publisher=VOA News}}</ref><ref>[http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/20070923dy01.htm "Fukuda wins LDP race / Will follow in footsteps of father as prime minister"]{{dead link|date=November 2016|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}, ''The Daily Yomiuri'', 23 September 2007.</ref> However Fukuda resigned suddenly in September 2008, and Asō became Prime Minister after [[2008 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) leadership election|winning the presidency of the LDP in a five-way election]].
+In a [[2007 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election|party leadership election]] held on 23 September 2007, the LDP elected [[Yasuo Fukuda]] as its president. Fukuda defeated [[Tarō Asō]] for the post, receiving 330 votes against 197 votes for Aso.<ref>{{cite news |last=Martig |first=Naomi |date=23 September 2007 |title=Japan's Ruling Party Chooses New Leader |url=http://voanews.com/english/2007-09-23-voa5.cfm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820033055/http://voanews.com/english/2007-09-23-voa5.cfm |archive-date=20 August 2008 |publisher=VOA News}}</ref><ref>[http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/20070923dy01.htm "Fukuda wins LDP race / Will follow in footsteps of father as prime minister"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203030323/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/20070923dy01.htm |date=3 December 2013 }}, ''The Daily Yomiuri'', 23 September 2007.</ref> However Fukuda resigned suddenly in September 2008, and Asō became Prime Minister after [[2008 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) leadership election|winning the presidency of the LDP in a five-way election]].
-In the [[2009 Japanese general election|2009 general election]], the LDP was roundly defeated, winning only 118 seats—easily the worst defeat of a sitting government in modern Japanese history, and also the first real transfer of political power in the post-war era. Accepting responsibility for this severe defeat, Aso announced his resignation as LDP president on election night. [[Sadakazu Tanigaki]] was [[2009 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election|elected leader of the party on 28 September 2009]],<ref>Sadakazu Tanigaki Elected LDP President {{cite web |title=China Plus |url=http://english.cri.cn/6966/2009/09/28/1781s519095.htm# |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310033921/http://english.cri.cn/6966/2009/09/28/1781s519095.htm |archive-date=10 March 2016 |access-date=3 March 2016}} Retrieved 6 October 2009.</ref> after a three-way race, becoming only the second LDP leader who was not simultaneously prime minister.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
+In the [[2009 Japanese general election|2009 general election]], the LDP was roundly defeated, winning only 118 seats—easily the worst defeat of a sitting government in modern Japanese history, and also the first real transfer of political power in the post-war era. Accepting responsibility for this severe defeat, Aso announced his resignation as LDP president on election night. [[Sadakazu Tanigaki]] was [[2009 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election|elected leader of the party on 28 September 2009]].<ref>Sadakazu Tanigaki Elected LDP President {{cite web |title=China Plus |url=http://english.cri.cn/6966/2009/09/28/1781s519095.htm# |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310033921/http://english.cri.cn/6966/2009/09/28/1781s519095.htm |archive-date=10 March 2016 |access-date=3 March 2016}} Retrieved 6 October 2009.</ref>
 ===2009–present===
-The party's support continued to decline, with prime ministers changing rapidly, and in the [[2009 Japanese general election|2009 House of Representatives elections]] the LDP lost its majority, winning only 118 seats, marking the only time they would be out of the majority other than a brief period in 1993.<ref name="BBC">{{cite news |date=30 August 2009 |title='Major win' for Japan opposition |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8229368.stm |access-date=31 August 2009 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=31 August 2009 |script-title=ja:衆院党派別得票数・率（比例代表） |url=http://www.jiji.com/jc/c?g=pol_date1&k=2009083101337 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220083756/http://www.jiji.com/jc/c?g=pol_date1&k=2009083101337 |archive-date=20 February 2014 |publisher=Jiji |language=ja}}</ref> Since that time, numerous party members have left to join other parties or form new ones, including {{Nihongo|[[Your Party]]|みんなの党|Minna no Tō}},{{citation needed|date=July 2010}} the {{Nihongo|[[Sunrise Party of Japan]]|たちあがれ日本|Tachiagare Nippon}}<ref>{{cite news |last=Martin |first=Alex |date=11 April 2010 |title=LDP defectors launch new political party |url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2010/04/11/national/ldp-defectors-launch-new-political-party/#.V_x67CQ3BnI |access-date=11 October 2016 |newspaper=The Japan Times}}</ref> and the {{Nihongo|[[New Renaissance Party]]|新党改革|Shintō Kaikaku}}.{{citation needed|date=July 2010}} The party had some success in the [[2010 Japanese House of Councillors election|2010 House of Councilors election]], netting 13 additional seats and denying the [[Democratic Party (Japan, 1998)|DPJ]] a majority.<ref>{{cite web |title=House of Councillors The National Diet of Japan |url=http://www.sangiin.go.jp/eng/index.htm |access-date=12 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |script-title=ja:参議院インターネット審議中継 |url=http://www.webtv.sangiin.go.jp/webtv/index.php |access-date=12 July 2015}}</ref> Abe became the president again in September 2012 after a five-way race. The LDP returned to power with its ally [[New Komeito]] after winning a clear majority in the [[2012 Japanese general election|lower house general election on 16 December 2012]] after just over three years in opposition. Shinzo Abe became Prime Minister for the second time preceded by [[Yoshihiko Noda]] who was the leader of the DPJ.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Japan Times |url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/nn20121217x1.html}}</ref><ref name="Japan Election Returns Power to Old Guard">{{cite news |last1=Returns |first1=Japan Election |date=16 December 2012 |title=Japan's election results in return of power to old guard |work=NY Times |publisher=Martin Fackler}}</ref>
+The party's support continued to decline, with prime ministers changing rapidly, and in the [[2009 Japanese general election|2009 House of Representatives elections]] the LDP lost its majority, winning only 118 seats, marking the only time they would be out of the majority other than a brief period in 1993, until 2024.<ref name="BBC">{{cite news |date=30 August 2009 |title='Major win' for Japan opposition |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8229368.stm |access-date=31 August 2009 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=31 August 2009 |script-title=ja:衆院党派別得票数・率（比例代表） |url=http://www.jiji.com/jc/c?g=pol_date1&k=2009083101337 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220083756/http://www.jiji.com/jc/c?g=pol_date1&k=2009083101337 |archive-date=20 February 2014 |publisher=Jiji |language=ja}}</ref> Since that time, numerous party members have left to join other parties or form new ones, including {{Nihongo|[[Your Party (Japan)|Your Party]]|みんなの党|Minna no Tō}},{{citation needed|date=July 2010}} the {{Nihongo|[[Sunrise Party of Japan]]|たちあがれ日本|Tachiagare Nippon}}<ref>{{cite news |last=Martin |first=Alex |date=11 April 2010 |title=LDP defectors launch new political party |url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2010/04/11/national/ldp-defectors-launch-new-political-party/#.V_x67CQ3BnI |access-date=11 October 2016 |newspaper=The Japan Times}}</ref> and the {{Nihongo|[[New Renaissance Party]]|新党改革|Shintō Kaikaku}}.{{citation needed|date=July 2010}} The party had some success in the [[2010 Japanese House of Councillors election|2010 House of Councilors election]], netting 13 additional seats and denying the [[Democratic Party (Japan, 1998)|DPJ]] a majority.<ref>{{cite web |title=House of Councillors The National Diet of Japan |url=http://www.sangiin.go.jp/eng/index.htm |access-date=12 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |script-title=ja:参議院インターネット審議中継 |url=http://www.webtv.sangiin.go.jp/webtv/index.php |access-date=12 July 2015}}</ref> Abe became the president again in September 2012 after a five-way race. The LDP returned to power with its ally [[New Komeito]] after winning a clear majority in the [[2012 Japanese general election|lower house general election on 16 December 2012]] after just over three years in opposition. Shinzo Abe became Prime Minister for the second time preceded by [[Yoshihiko Noda]] who was the leader of the DPJ.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Japan Times |url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/nn20121217x1.html}}</ref><ref name="Japan Election Returns Power to Old Guard">{{cite news |last1=Returns |first1=Japan Election |date=16 December 2012 |title=Japan's election results in return of power to old guard |work=NY Times |publisher=Martin Fackler}}</ref>
 In July 2015, the party pushed for [[2015 Japanese military legislation|expanded military powers to fight in foreign conflict]] through Shinzo Abe and the support of [[Komeito]].<ref name="reference to NY times">{{Cite web |last=Soble |first=Jonathan |date=16 July 2015 |title=Japan Moves to Allow Military Combat for First Time in 70 Years |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/17/world/asia/japans-lower-house-passes-bills-giving-military-freer-hand-to-fight.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814103212/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/17/world/asia/japans-lower-house-passes-bills-giving-military-freer-hand-to-fight.html?_r=0 |archive-date=14 August 2016 |via=NYTimes.com}}</ref>
@@ Line 171: / Line 164: @@
 In the [[2024 Japanese general election]], the governing LDP and its coalition partner [[New Komeito Party|Komeito]] lost their parliamentary majority in the lower house for the first time since [[2009 Japanese general election|2009]], with the LDP suffering its second-worst result in its history, securing only 191 seats. The [[Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan|Constitutional Democratic Party]] (CDP), the main opposition party led by former Prime Minister [[Yoshihiko Noda]], achieved its best result in its history, increasing its seat count from 96 to 148. This was the first general election in Japan since the [[1955 Japanese general election|1955 election]] wherein no party secured at least 200 seats.
-The election outcome is largely attributed to a major slush fund scandal that emerged in November. Millions of yen raised at LDP faction events were illegally funneled into secret accounts, violating political financing laws. This scandal implicated 82 lawmakers from both parliamentary houses, including factions associated with former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and then-Prime Minister [[Fumio Kishida]]. The scandal, combined with low approval ratings and economic stagnation, led to Kishida's resignation in August. His successor, Prime Minister [[Shigeru Ishiba]], called for a snap election in September to bolster support. However, the LDP's attempts to distance itself from the scandal backfired when reports surfaced that the party continued to provide funds to chapters headed by implicated members. In response to the election results, the prime minister has committed to implementing fundamental reforms regarding money in politics. The LDP's coalition partner, [[Komeito]], also performed poorly, with its leader Keiichi Ishii losing his seat and subsequently announcing his resignation. This electoral setback is particularly significant for the LDP, which has held power almost continuously since 1955, highlighting the impact of the corruption scandal on public trust in the party.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.occrp.org/en/news/japans-ldp-takes-electoral-blow-after-corruption-scandals|title=Japan's LDP Takes Electoral Blow after Corruption Scandals|first=Jonathan|last=Cole|date=28 October 2024|website=Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project}}</ref>
+The election outcome is largely attributed to a major slush fund scandal that emerged in November. Millions of yen raised at LDP faction events were illegally funneled into secret accounts, violating political financing laws. This scandal implicated 82 lawmakers from both parliamentary houses, including factions associated with former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and then-Prime Minister [[Fumio Kishida]]. The scandal, combined with low approval ratings and economic stagnation, led to Kishida's resignation in August. His successor, Prime Minister [[Shigeru Ishiba]], called for a snap election in September to bolster support. However, the LDP's attempts to distance itself from the scandal backfired when reports surfaced that the party continued to provide funds to chapters headed by implicated members. In response to the election results, the prime minister has committed to implementing fundamental reforms regarding money in politics. The LDP's coalition partner, [[Komeito]], also performed poorly, with its leader Keiichi Ishii losing his seat and subsequently announcing his resignation. This electoral setback is particularly significant for the LDP, which has held power almost continuously since 1955, highlighting the impact of the corruption scandal on public trust in the party.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.occrp.org/en/news/japans-ldp-takes-electoral-blow-after-corruption-scandals|title=Japan's LDP Takes Electoral Blow after Corruption Scandals|first=Jonathan|last=Cole|date=28 October 2024|website=Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project}}</ref> The coalition also lost its majority in the upper house in [[2025 Japanese House of Councillors election|2025]]. This marked the first time in the LDP's history that it did not control either house in the [[National Diet]]. After Ishiba announced his resignation, [[Sanae Takaichi]] was elected to succeed him. She is the first woman to hold the role of party president. In October 2025, Komeito chief representative [[Tetsuo Saito]] announced that it would leave the ruling coalition, over disagreements with Takaichi's leadership.<ref>{{cite web | last1=Komiya | first1=Kantaro | last2=Kelly | first2=Tim | last3=Komiya | first3=Kantaro | title=Japan's ruling coalition splits, throwing Takaichi's PM bid into doubt | work=Reuters | date=10 October 2025 | url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/japans-komeito-leave-ruling-coalition-with-ldp-under-takaichi-nhk-reports-2025-10-10/ }}</ref> As a result, Takaichi negotiated a [[confidence and supply]] agreement with the [[Japan Innovation Party]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.chosun.com/english/world-en/2025/10/10/HIRKP6MWURHJDP6WCLDPLMTLUM/|title=LDP President Takaichi Cancels Appearances After Coalition Collapse|first=Lee|last=Ka-young|publisher=The Daily Chosun|date=10 October 2025|accessdate=11 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251010-japan-in-political-crisis-as-coalition-collapsesJapan in political crisis as coalition collapses|publisher=France 24|date=10 October 2025|accessdate=11 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-10-10/japan-s-ruling-coalition-set-to-fall-apart-nhk-says|title=Japan's Decades Old Ruling Coalition Collapses, Jolting Market|publisher=Bloomberg News|date=10 October 2025|accessdate=11 October 2025}}</ref> The agreement was signed on 20 October,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2025/10/20/japan/politics/ldp-nippon-ishin-coalition-agree/|title=Path clears for Takaichi to become PM as LDP and JIP agree to form coalition|first1=Himari|last1=Semans|first2=Gabrielle|last2=Ninvaggi|first3=Kanako|last3=Takahara|publisher=The Japan Times|date=20 October 2025|accessdate=21 October 2025}}</ref> with Takaichi then taking office as Japan's first female prime minister on 21 October.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c751z23n3n7o|title=Sanae Takaichi makes history as Japan's first female prime minister|first1=Shaimaa|last1=Khalil|first2=Yvette|last2=Tan|publisher=BBC News|date=21 October 2025|accessdate=21 October 2025}}</ref>
 ==Ideology and political stance==
-{{Liberal Democratic Party of Japan sidebar|all}}
 {{Conservatism in Japan|Parties}}
+The LDP is usually associated with conservatism,<ref name="conservative" /> [[Japanese nationalism]]<ref name="nationalist" /> and being on the [[Right-wing politics|political right]] of the [[political spectrum]].<ref name="Right-wing">{{bulleted list|{{cite book |editor=Florian Coulmas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gua3EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA88 |title=Japanese Propriety, Past and Present: Disciplined Liberalism |quote=... in Japan's post-war political discourse often supporting leftist and socialist positions opposed to the ruling right-wing Liberal Democratic Party, which has always been favoured by Washington. |page=88 |date=2023 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781000885835 }}|{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/japan-right-wing-liberal-democratic-party-dominates-parliamentary-election-2022-7 |title=Japan's right-wing Liberal Democratic Party dominates parliamentary election |date=10 July 2022 |magazine=[[Business Insider]] |access-date=15 November 2022}}|{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/south-korea-japan-cold-war/ |title=In a Major Shift, South Korea Defies Its Alliance With Japan |date=27 August 2019 |magazine=[[The Nation]] |access-date=19 February 2020|last1=Shorrock |first1=Tim }}|{{cite book|editor=Akito Okada |title=Japan's School Curriculum for The 2020s: Politics, Policy, and Pedagogy |quote= In the case of Japan, the ideological basis of the right-wing LDP had almost no element of liberal (as in libertarian) thought, such as reliance on anti-nationalist liberalism and individualism, or vigilance against a centrally planned economy and welfare system. |date=2022 |page=14 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=9789811920769 }}|{{cite book |editor1=Arve Hansen |editor2=Jo Inge Bekkevold |editor3=Kristen Nordhaug |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gkwFEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA318 |title=The Socialist Market Economy in Asia: Development in China, Vietnam and Laos |quote=Japan's economic miracle was largely formed under the leadership of the conservative right-wing Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), ... |page=318 |date=2020 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=9789811562488 }}|{{cite book|editor1=Lam Peng Er |editor2= Purnendra Jain |title=Japan's Foreign Policy in the Twenty-First Century: Continuity and Change |quote= The rising tide of hawkish nationalism and historical revisionism spearheaded by the right-wing LDP Prime Minister Abe Shinzo in recent decades seems to confirm the doubt. |date=2020 |page=96 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=9781498587969 }}|{{cite web|url=https://mansfieldfdn.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Expert_Voices-FINAL.pdf |title=Expert Voices on Japan: Security, Economic, Social, and Foreign Policy Recommendations|author=Arthur Alexander |work=[[Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation]]|date=June 2018}}|{{cite book |editor=Katsuyuki Hidaka |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3JM4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT241 |title=Japanese Media at the Beginning of the 21st Century |quote=Criticism of the unreservedly right-wing Liberal Democratic Party administration led by Abe Shinzō nevertheless remains strong. Together with advocating for changes to the constitution, the Abe administration has succeeded in passing ... |publisher=Routledge |date=2016 |isbn=9781134988778 }}|{{cite book|editor=S. Carpenter |title=Japan's Nuclear Crisis: The Routes to Responsibility |quote= Kodama quashed all things he regarded as remotely communist and consistently supported the right-wing LDP. |date=2011 |page=113 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9780230363717 }}|{{cite book |editor=J. A. A. Stockwin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BpziAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA177 |title=Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Japan |quote= ... and joined the Young Storm Society (Seirankai) of right-wing liberal democratic party (LDP) parliamentarians, ... |page=177 |date=2003 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781136894886 }}|{{cite book|editor=Joy Hendry |title=Understanding Japanese Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ROCAgAAQBAJ&q=ight-wing+party%2C+the+Liberal+Democratic+Party |date=2003 |pages=219–220 |publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=9781134502561 }}|{{cite book |editor=Ronald P. Dore |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=73Tovj1Ydg0C&pg=PA193 |title=British Factory Japanese Factory: The Origins of National Diversity in Industrial Relations, With a New Afterword |quote=For nearly two decades the right-wing Liberal-Democratic Party has domi-nated Japanese politics with nearly two-thirds of Diet seats. |date=1990 |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |isbn=9780520024953 }}}}</ref> The LDP has been described as a variety of disparate ideologies such as [[conservative-liberal]],<ref name="Kobayashi1976">{{cite book |author=Tetsuya Kobayashi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XBSoBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA68 |title=Society, Schools, and Progress in Japan |publisher=Elsevier Science |year=1976 |isbn=978-1483136226 |page=68}}</ref><ref name="liberalism">{{cite book |title=Japan Almanac |date=1975 |publisher=[[Mainichi Shimbun|Mainichi Newspapers]] |page=43 |quote=In the House of Representatives, the Liberal-Democratic Party, guided by conservative liberalism, is the No.1 party holding a total of 279 seats or 56.8 per cent of the House quorum of 491.}}</ref> [[liberal-conservative]],<ref name="Noman2010">{{cite book |author=Omar Noman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p7eLAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT123 |title=Responsible Development: Vulnerable Democracies, Hunger and Inequality |publisher=Routledge |year=2010 |isbn=9781135180751 |page=123}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Karan |first=Pradyumna P. |title=Japan in the 21st century: environment, economy, and society |year=2005 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wS5kcRvShg8C&pg=PT259 |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |isbn=978-0813137773}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Exa7XoW-1n8C&pg=PA211 |title=Historical Dictionary of Postwar Japan |publisher=Scarecrow Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-8108-7539-5 |editor=William D. Hoover |page=211}}</ref> [[social-conservative]],<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=beLDAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA95 |title=The Politics of Structural Reforms: Social and Industrial Policy Change in Italy and Japan |publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-85793-292-1 |editor1-last=Magara |editor1-first=Hideko |page=95 |access-date=22 November 2020 |editor2-last=Sacchi |editor2-first=Stefano}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6m_eCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA104 |title=Japan decides 2014: the Japanese general election |publisher=Springer |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-349-56437-8 |editor1-last=Pekkanen |editor1-first=Robert J. |pages=104, 106 |doi=10.1057/9781137552006 |access-date=22 November 2020 |editor2-last=Scheiner |editor2-first=Ethan |editor3-last=Reed |editor3-first=Steven R.}}</ref> [[ultranationalist]],<ref>{{cite web |date=16 July 2019 |title=Beautiful Harmony: Political Project Behind Japan's New Era Name – Analysis |url=https://www.eurasiareview.com/16072019-beautiful-harmony-political-project-behind-japans-new-era-name-analysis/ |work=eurasia review |quote=The shifting dynamics around the new era name (gengō 元号) offers an opportunity to understand how the domestic politics of the LDP's project of ultranationalism is shaping a new Japan and a new form of nationalism.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=22 June 2018 |title=Why Steve Bannon Admires Japan |url=https://thediplomat.com/2018/06/why-steve-bannon-admires-japan/ |work=[[The Diplomat (magazine)|The Diplomat]] |quote=In Japan, populist and extreme right-wing nationalism has found a home within the political establishment.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Japanese Monarchy: Ambassador Joseph Grew and the Making of the "Symbol Emperor System," 1931–1991 |date=2016 |publisher=M.E. Sharpe |isbn=9781563241093 |editor=Masanori Nakamura |page=1992 |quote=On July 31, a group of ultranationalist LDP Diet men, alarmed by Nakasone's diplomacy of "submission to foreign pressure" on issues like textbook revision and the Yasukuni Shrine problem, formed the "Association of Those Concerned ...}}</ref> and [[Ultraconservatism|ultraconservative]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dxaFDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA62 |title=Why Japan Can't Reform: Inside the System |date=2008 |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] |isbn=9780230595064 |editor=S. Carpenter |page=62 |quote=Despite ideological differences with the other main conservative party, the Liberal Party whose president was Prime Minister Yoshida Shigeru, the determined Kishi was able to form the ultraconservative Liberal Democratic Party.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HLfcDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT877 |title=Flamethrower: Iwo Jima Medal of Honor Recipient and U.S. Marine Woody Williams and His Controversial Award, Japan's Holocaust and the Pacific War |date=2020 |publisher=Fidelis Historia |isbn=9781734534115 |editor=Bryan Mark Rigg |quote=This is especially the case with politicians in his current ruling party, The Liberal Democratic Party (which is really ultraconservative, not liberal).}}</ref> The party though has not espoused a well-defined, unified ideology or [[political philosophy]], due to its long-term government, and has been described as a "[[Big tent|catch-all]]" party.<ref name="HookGilson20012">{{cite book |author1=Glenn D. Hook |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MHhE6AlgkIoC&pg=PA58 |title=Japan's International Relations: Politics, Economics and Security |author2=Julie Gilson |author3=Christopher W. Hughes |author4=Hugo Dobson |publisher=Routledge |year=2001 |isbn=978-1-134-32806-2 |page=58}}</ref>
-The LDP is usually associated with conservatism,<ref name="conservative" /> [[Japanese nationalism]]<ref name="nationalist" /> and being on the [[Right-wing politics|political right]] of the [[political spectrum]].<ref name="Right-wing">{{bulleted  list|{{cite book |editor=Florian Coulmas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gua3EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA88 |title=Japanese Propriety, Past and Present: Disciplined Liberalism |quote=... in Japan's post-war political discourse often supporting leftist and socialist positions opposed to the ruling right-wing Liberal Democratic Party, which has always been favoured by Washington. |page=88 |date=2023 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781000885835 }}|{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/japan-right-wing-liberal-democratic-party-dominates-parliamentary-election-2022-7 |title=Japan's right-wing Liberal Democratic Party dominates parliamentary election |date=10 July 2022 |magazine=[[Business Insider]] |access-date=15 November 2022}}|{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/south-korea-japan-cold-war/ |title=In a Major Shift, South Korea Defies Its Alliance With Japan |date=27 August 2019 |magazine=[[The Nation]] |access-date=19 February 2020|last1=Shorrock |first1=Tim }}|{{cite book|editor=Akito Okada |title=Japan's School Curriculum for The 2020s: Politics, Policy, and Pedagogy |quote= In the case of Japan, the ideological basis of the right-wing LDP had almost no element of liberal (as in libertarian) thought, such as reliance on anti-nationalist liberalism and individualism, or vigilance against a centrally planned economy and welfare system. |date=2022 |page=14 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=9789811920769 }}|{{cite book |editor1=Arve Hansen |editor2=Jo Inge Bekkevold |editor3=Kristen Nordhaug |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gkwFEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA318 |title=The Socialist Market Economy in Asia: Development in China, Vietnam and Laos |quote=Japan's economic miracle was largely formed under the leadership of the conservative right-wing Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), ... |page=318 |date=2020 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=9789811562488 }}|{{cite book|editor1=Lam Peng Er |editor2= Purnendra Jain |title=Japan's Foreign Policy in the Twenty-First Century: Continuity and Change |quote= The rising tide of hawkish nationalism and historical revisionism spearheaded by the right-wing LDP Prime Minister Abe Shinzo in recent decades seems to confirm the doubt. |date=2020 |page=96 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=9781498587969 }}|{{cite web|url=https://mansfieldfdn.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Expert_Voices-FINAL.pdf |title=Expert Voices on Japan: Security, Economic, Social, and Foreign Policy Recommendations|author=Arthur Alexander |work=[[Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation]]|date=June 2018}}|{{cite book |editor=Katsuyuki Hidaka |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3JM4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT241 |title=Japanese Media at the Beginning of the 21st Century |quote=Criticism of the unreservedly right-wing Liberal Democratic Party administration led by Abe Shinzō nevertheless remains strong. Together with advocating for changes to the constitution, the Abe administration has succeeded in passing ... |publisher=Routledge |date=2016 |isbn=9781134988778 }}|{{cite book|editor=S. Carpenter |title=Japan's Nuclear Crisis: The Routes to Responsibility |quote= Kodama quashed all things he regarded as remotely communist and consistently supported the right-wing LDP. |date=2011 |page=113 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9780230363717 }}|{{cite book |editor=J. A. A. Stockwin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BpziAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA177 |title=Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Japan |quote= ... and joined the Young Storm Society (Seirankai) of right-wing liberal democratic party (LDP) parliamentarians, ... |page=177 |date=2003 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781136894886 }}|{{cite book|editor=Joy Hendry |title=Understanding Japanese Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ROCAgAAQBAJ&q=ight-wing+party%2C+the+Liberal+Democratic+Party |date=2003 |pages=219–220 |publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=9781134502561 }}|{{cite book |editor=Ronald P. Dore |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=73Tovj1Ydg0C&pg=PA193 |title=British Factory Japanese Factory: The Origins of National Diversity in Industrial Relations, With a New Afterword |quote=For nearly two decades the right-wing Liberal-Democratic Party has domi-nated Japanese politics with nearly two-thirds of Diet seats. |date=1990 |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |isbn=9780520024953 }}}}</ref> The LDP has been described as a variety of disparate ideologies such as [[conservative-liberal]],<ref name="Kobayashi1976">{{cite book |author=Tetsuya Kobayashi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XBSoBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA68 |title=Society, Schools, and Progress in Japan |publisher=Elsevier Science |year=1976 |isbn=978-1483136226 |page=68}}</ref><ref name="liberalism">{{cite book |title=Japan Almanac |date=1975 |publisher=[[Mainichi Shimbun|Mainichi Newspapers]] |page=43 |quote=In the House of Representatives, the Liberal-Democratic Party, guided by conservative liberalism, is the No.1 party holding a total of 279 seats or 56.8 per cent of the House quorum of 491.}}</ref> [[liberal-conservative]],<ref name="Noman2010">{{cite book |author=Omar Noman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p7eLAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT123 |title=Responsible Development: Vulnerable Democracies, Hunger and Inequality |publisher=Routledge |year=2010 |isbn=9781135180751 |page=123}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Karan |first=Pradyumna P. |title=Japan in the 21st century: environment, economy, and society |year=2005 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wS5kcRvShg8C&pg=PT259 |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |isbn=978-0813137773}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Exa7XoW-1n8C&pg=PA211 |title=Historical Dictionary of Postwar Japan |publisher=Scarecrow Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-8108-7539-5 |editor=William D. Hoover |page=211}}</ref> [[social-conservative]],<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=beLDAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA95 |title=The Politics of Structural Reforms: Social and Industrial Policy Change in Italy and Japan |publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-85793-292-1 |editor1-last=Magara |editor1-first=Hideko |page=95 |access-date=22 November 2020 |editor2-last=Sacchi |editor2-first=Stefano}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6m_eCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA104 |title=Japan decides 2014: the Japanese general election |publisher=Springer |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-349-56437-8 |editor1-last=Pekkanen |editor1-first=Robert J. |pages=104, 106 |doi=10.1057/9781137552006 |access-date=22 November 2020 |editor2-last=Scheiner |editor2-first=Ethan |editor3-last=Reed |editor3-first=Steven R.}}</ref> [[ultranationalist]],<ref>{{cite web |date=16 July 2019 |title=Beautiful Harmony: Political Project Behind Japan's New Era Name – Analysis |url=https://www.eurasiareview.com/16072019-beautiful-harmony-political-project-behind-japans-new-era-name-analysis/ |work=eurasia review |quote=The shifting dynamics around the new era name (gengō 元号) offers an opportunity to understand how the domestic politics of the LDP's project of ultranationalism is shaping a new Japan and a new form of nationalism.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=22 June 2018 |title=Why Steve Bannon Admires Japan |url=https://thediplomat.com/2018/06/why-steve-bannon-admires-japan/ |work=[[The Diplomat (magazine)|The Diplomat]] |quote=In Japan, populist and extreme right-wing nationalism has found a home within the political establishment.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Japanese Monarchy: Ambassador Joseph Grew and the Making of the "Symbol Emperor System," 1931–1991 |date=2016 |publisher=M.E. Sharpe |isbn=9781563241093 |editor=Masanori Nakamura |page=1992 |quote=On July 31, a group of ultranationalist LDP Diet men, alarmed by Nakasone's diplomacy of "submission to foreign pressure" on issues like textbook revision and the Yasukuni Shrine problem, formed the "Association of Those Concerned ...}}</ref> and [[Ultraconservatism|ultraconservative]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dxaFDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA62 |title=Why Japan Can't Reform: Inside the System |date=2008 |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] |isbn=9780230595064 |editor=S. Carpenter |page=62 |quote=Despite ideological differences with the other main conservative party, the Liberal Party whose president was Prime Minister Yoshida Shigeru, the determined Kishi was able to form the ultraconservative Liberal Democratic Party.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HLfcDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT877 |title=Flamethrower: Iwo Jima Medal of Honor Recipient and U.S. Marine Woody Williams and His Controversial Award, Japan's Holocaust and the Pacific War |date=2020 |publisher=Fidelis Historia |isbn=9781734534115 |editor=Bryan Mark Rigg |quote=This is especially the case with politicians in his current ruling party, The Liberal Democratic Party (which is really ultraconservative, not liberal).}}</ref> The party though has not espoused a well-defined, unified ideology or [[political philosophy]], due to its long-term government, and has been described as a "[[Big tent|catch-all]]" party.<ref name="HookGilson20012">{{cite book |author1=Glenn D. Hook |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MHhE6AlgkIoC&pg=PA58 |title=Japan's International Relations: Politics, Economics and Security |author2=Julie Gilson |author3=Christopher W. Hughes |author4=Hugo Dobson |publisher=Routledge |year=2001 |isbn=978-1-134-32806-2 |page=58}}</ref>
 The LDP members hold a variety of positions that could be broadly defined as being to the right of main opposition parties. Many of its ministers, including former Prime Ministers [[Fumio Kishida]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mark |first=Craig |date=29 September 2021 |title=Who is Fumio Kishida, Japan's new prime minister? |url=https://theconversation.com/who-is-fumio-kishida-japans-new-prime-minister-168472 |access-date=26 July 2022 |website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]]}}</ref> [[Yoshihide Suga]]<ref name="2014 reshuffle">"[http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2994558 Abe's reshuffle promotes right-wingers]" (Korea Joongang Daily – 2014/09/05)</ref> and [[Shinzo Abe]], are/were affiliated with the parliamentary league of [[Nippon Kaigi]], a [[Far-right politics|far-right]]<ref name=":0">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cssDEAAAQBAJ&q=Japanese+nationalist+Nippon+Kaigi&pg=PA242 |title=An Introduction to Japanese Society |date=2020 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=9781108724746 |editor=Yoshio Sugimoto |page=242 |quote=Parts of the Japanese establishment have ties with a large far-right voluntary organization, Nippon Kaigi (Japan Conference), whose ranks include grassroots members across the nation as well as national and local politicians...}}</ref> [[Ultraconservatism|ultraconservative]]<ref>{{bulleted list|{{cite web |title=Japan emperor greets at celebration hosted by conservatives |url=https://apnews.com/article/b9e0627cfdef445d9da335238c3ad1b1 |quote=Abe's key ultra-conservative supporter, Nippon Kaigi, or Japan Conference, was among the organizers Saturday. |website=[[AP News]]|access-date=24 February 2023|date=9 November 2019}}|{{cite web |title=Ultra-nationalist school linked to Japanese PM accused of hate speech |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/mar/15/ultra-nationalist-school-moritomo-gakuen-linked-to-japanese-pm-shinzo-abe-accused-of-hate-speech |quote=Abe and Kagoike, who has indicated he will resign as principal, both belong to an ultra-conservative lobby group whose members include more than a dozen cabinet ministers. |website=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=15 March 2017|date=8 July 2020}}|{{cite web |title=Tokyo's new governor defies more than glass ceiling |url=https://www.dw.com/en/tokyos-new-governor-defies-more-than-glass-ceiling/a-19443490 |quote=In 2008, she made an unsuccessful run at the LDP's chairmanship. Following her defeat, she worked to build an internal party network and became involved in a revisionist group of lawmakers that serves as the mouthpiece of the ultraconservative Nippon Kaigi ("Japan Conference") movement. |website=[[Deutsche Welle]]|access-date=2 August 2016|date=8 July 2020}}}}</ref> lobby group. In Japanese politics, the convention is to classify the Liberal Democratic Party and the [[Japanese Communist Party]] as occupying the conservative and progressive ends of the ideological spectrum respectively. However, this classification has faced challenges, especially among younger generations, since the 1990s.<ref name="progressive">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BDelDAAAQBAJ&dq=progressive+%22Japanese+Communist+Party%22&pg=PA29 |title=EGenerational Gap in Japanese Politics: A Longitudinal Study of Political Attitudes and Behaviour |date=2016 |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] |isbn=9781137503428 |editor=Willy Jou, Masahisa Endo |page=29 |quote=Conventional wisdom, still dominant in media and academic circles, holds that the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and the Japanese Communist Party (JCP) occupy the conservative and progressive ends of the ideological spectrum, ...}}</ref>
@@ Line 187: / Line 178: @@
 === 2021 manifesto ===
+{{Update|part=section|date=July 2025|reason=2024 manifesto has been released a year ago}}
 During the 2021 general election, the party released the LDP policy manifesto, titled "Create a new era together with you", which included support for policies such as:<ref>{{cite web |date=12 October 2021 |title=Japan's ruling party unveils manifesto with focus on coronavirus, defence |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/japan-pm-kishida-approval-rating-49-nhk-poll-2021-10-12/ |access-date=13 October 2021 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Jimintō |date=2021 |title=Reiwa 3 Policy BANK |url=https://jimin.jp-east-2.storage.api.nifcloud.com/pdf/pamphlet/20211011_bank.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422135550/https://jimin.jp-east-2.storage.api.nifcloud.com/pdf/pamphlet/20211011_bank.pdf |archive-date=22 April 2022 |access-date=16 April 2022 |language=ja}}</ref><ref name="japantimes.co.jp">{{cite web |date=29 October 2021 |title=Pre-election briefing: Here's where the parties stand on the issues |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2021/10/29/national/politics-diplomacy/lower-house-election-issues/ |access-date=29 October 2021 |work=[[Japan Times]]}}</ref>
 * [[Redistribution of income and wealth|Wealth redistribution]] to revive the [[Economy of Japan|Japanese economy]] and empowering the middle class
@@ Line 200: / Line 192: @@
 * [[Constitutional reform in Japan|Constitutional amendments]], including the [[proposed Japanese constitutional referendum]] to formalize the current existence of the [[Japan Self-Defense Forces]] in [[Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution|Article 9 of the Constitution]] and creating an emergency response clause
 * Raising Japan's defense budget from the current 1% to "two percent or more" of gross domestic product (GDP) and enhancing Japan's defense capabilities
-* Advance understanding of [[LGBT rights in Japan|LGBT rights]], although the party is not in favor of [[Recognition of same-sex unions in Japan|same-sex marriage]],<ref name="SSM">{{cite web |last1=Lies |first1=Elaine |last2=Pomfret |first2=James |title=More LGBTQ rights could help Asia financial hubs draw global talent |url=https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/society-equity/more-lgbtq-rights-could-help-asia-financial-hubs-draw-global-talent-2023-08-31/ |access-date=31 August 2023 |website=Reuters}}</ref> with 50% of its election candidates being "undecided" and those opposed largely outnumbering those in favor<ref name="asahi.com">{{cite web |date=21 October 2021 |title=Survey: LDP support rises for LGBT bill, dual surnames |url=https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/14465374/ |access-date=16 April 2022 |work=[[Asahi Shimbun|Asahi]]}}</ref>
+* Advance understanding of [[LGBT rights in Japan|LGBT rights]], although the party is not in favor of [[Recognition of same-sex unions in Japan|same-sex marriage]],<ref name="SSM">{{cite web |last1=Lies |first1=Elaine |last2=Pomfret |first2=James |title=More LGBTQ rights could help Asia financial hubs draw global talent |url=https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/society-equity/more-lgbtq-rights-could-help-asia-financial-hubs-draw-global-talent-2023-08-31/ |access-date=31 August 2023 |website=Reuters |date=31 August 2023 }}</ref> with 50% of its election candidates being "undecided" and those opposed largely outnumbering those in favor<ref name="asahi.com">{{cite web |date=21 October 2021 |title=Survey: LDP support rises for LGBT bill, dual surnames |url=https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/14465374/ |access-date=16 April 2022 |work=[[Asahi Shimbun|Asahi]]}}</ref>
 * Acceptance of foreign workers and improving management to cover labor shortages
 * Support [[Taiwan]]'s bid to join the [[Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership|CPTPP]] agreement and [[World Health Organization|WHO]] observer status
@@ Line 206: / Line 198: @@
 ==Factions==
-{{Main|Factions in the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}Since the genesis of the Liberal Democratic Party in 1955, history and internal composition has been characterized by intense [[Factions in the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|factionalism]] among its members since its emergence in 1955.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tsukamoto |first1=Takashi |year=2012 |title=Neoliberalization of the developmental state: Tokyo's bottom-up politics and state rescaling in Japan |journal=International Journal of Urban and Regional Research |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=71–89 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-2427.2011.01057.x}}</ref><ref name="Johnston">{{cite news |last=Johnston |first=Eric |date=17 November 2021 |title=The state of play for the LDP's factions after October's Lower House election |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2021/11/17/national/politics-diplomacy/faction-breakdown-2021-election/ |access-date=6 December 2021 |newspaper=Japan Times}}</ref> Despite the change of factions, their history can be traced back to their 1955 roots, a testament to the stability and institutionalized nature of Liberal Democratic Party factions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=B.Jo |url=http://bjoinitiative.tistory.com/ |access-date=2017-12-23 |website=B.Jo}}</ref> The party's history and internal composition have been characterized by intense [[Factions in the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|factionalism]] ever since its emergence in 1955, with its parliamentary members currently split among six factions, each of which vies for influence in the party and the government.<ref name="Johnston" />
+{{Main|Factions in the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}
+Intense [[Factions in the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|factionalism]] has characterized the Liberal Democratic Party's history and internal composition ever since its emergence in 1955.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tsukamoto |first1=Takashi |year=2012 |title=Neoliberalization of the developmental state: Tokyo's bottom-up politics and state rescaling in Japan |journal=International Journal of Urban and Regional Research |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=71–89 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-2427.2011.01057.x}}</ref><ref name="Johnston">{{cite news |last=Johnston |first=Eric |date=17 November 2021 |title=The state of play for the LDP's factions after October's Lower House election |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2021/11/17/national/politics-diplomacy/faction-breakdown-2021-election/ |access-date=6 December 2021 |newspaper=Japan Times}}</ref> Despite the change of factions, their history can be traced back to their 1955 roots, a testament to the stability and institutionalized nature of Liberal Democratic Party factions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=B.Jo |url=http://bjoinitiative.tistory.com/ |access-date=2017-12-23 |website=B.Jo}}</ref>
 All major factions that have existed in the history of the party can be categorised into the following two groups: the Conservative Mainstream (保守本流), which originated from [[Shigeru Yoshida]]'s [[Liberal Party (Japan, 1950)|Liberal Party]],<ref>保阪正康. (2017). 一語一会 私が出会った 「昭和の怪物」 娘・麻生和子が見た吉田茂の戦後史 (4) 保守本流の 「護憲の思想」 とは何か. ''サンデー毎日'', ''96''(48), 52-55.</ref> and the Conservative Substream (保守傍流), which traces its roots to [[Ichirō Hatoyama]]'s [[Japan Democratic Party]].<ref>吉田龍太郎. (2014). 保守合同後の政党政治と外交政策論争─ 対米自主外交論の内在的抑制と芦田均─. ''法政論叢'', ''51''(1), 17.</ref>
@@ Line 234: / Line 227: @@
 ==Structure==
-At the apex of the LDP's formal organization is the {{Nihongo|[[President of the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|president]]|総裁|sōsai}}, who can serve three<ref>{{cite news |last=seokhwai@st |date=5 March 2017 |title=New rules give Japan's Shinzo Abe chance to lead until 2021 |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/new-rules-give-japans-abe-chance-to-lead-until-2021 |website=The Straits Times}}</ref> three-year terms. (The presidential term was increased from two years to three years in 2002 and from two to three terms in 2017). When the party has a parliamentary majority, the party president is the [[Prime Minister of Japan|prime minister]]. The choice of party president is formally that of a party convention composed of [[National Diet|Diet]] members and local LDP figures, but in most cases, they merely approved the joint decision of the most powerful party leaders. To make the system more democratic, Prime Minister [[Takeo Fukuda]] introduced a "primary" system in 1978, which opened the balloting to some 1.5&nbsp;million LDP members. The process was so costly and acrimonious, however, that it was subsequently abandoned in favor of the old "[[smoke-filled room]]" method—so-called in allusion to the notion of closed discussions held in small rooms filled with [[Tobacco smoking|tobacco smoke]].
+At the apex of the LDP's formal organization is the {{Nihongo|[[President of the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|president]]|総裁|sōsai}}, who can serve three<ref>{{cite news |date=5 March 2017 |title=New rules give Japan's Shinzo Abe chance to lead until 2021 |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/new-rules-give-japans-abe-chance-to-lead-until-2021 |website=The Straits Times}}</ref> three-year terms. (The presidential term was increased from two years to three years in 2002 and from two to three terms in 2017). When the party has a parliamentary majority, the party president is the [[Prime Minister of Japan|prime minister]]. The choice of party president is formally that of a party convention composed of [[National Diet|Diet]] members and local LDP figures, but in most cases, they merely approved the joint decision of the most powerful party leaders. To make the system more democratic, Prime Minister [[Takeo Fukuda]] introduced a "primary" system in 1978, which opened the balloting to some 1.5&nbsp;million LDP members. The process was so costly and acrimonious, however, that it was subsequently abandoned in favor of the old "[[smoke-filled room]]" method—so-called in allusion to the notion of closed discussions held in small rooms filled with [[Tobacco smoking|tobacco smoke]].
 After the party president, the most important LDP officials are the [[Secretary-General of the Liberal Democratic Party|Secretary-General]] (''kanjicho''), the chairmen of the LDP Executive Council (''somukaicho''), and of the {{Nihongo|Policy Affairs Research Council or "PARC"|政務調査会|seimu chōsakai}}.
@@ Line 241: / Line 234: @@
 {{main|President of the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}
-As of 12 November 2024:<ref>{{cite web |date=12 November 2024 |title=執行部 |url=https://www.jimin.jp/member/officer/ |access-date=14 November 2024 |website=Jimin.jp |publisher=The Liberal Democratic Party of Japan |language=Japanese |quote=}}</ref>
+As of 8 October 2025:<ref>{{cite web |date=8 October 2025 |title=執行部 |url=https://www.jimin.jp/member/officer/ |access-date=8 October 2025 |website=Jimin.jp |publisher=The Liberal Democratic Party of Japan |language=Japanese |quote=}}</ref>
 {|class="wikitable sortable"
 |-
@@ Line 250: / Line 243: @@
 |-
 !|[[President of the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|President]]
-|[[Shigeru Ishiba]]
+|[[Sanae Takaichi]]
 |Representatives
-|None
+|None (ex-[[Seiwa Seisaku Kenkyūkai|Seiwa Kai]])
 |-
-!|Senior Advisor
+!|[[Vice President of the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|Vice President]]
-|[[Taro Aso]]
+|[[Tarō Asō]]
 |Representatives
 |[[Shikōkai]]
-|-
-!|[[Vice President of the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|Vice President]]
-|[[Yoshihide Suga]]
-|Representatives
-|None
 |-
 !|[[Secretary-General of the Liberal Democratic Party|Secretary-General]]
-|[[Hiroshi Moriyama]]
+|[[Shun'ichi Suzuki (politician)|Shun'ichi Suzuki]]
 |Representatives
-|None
+|Shikōkai
 |-
 !|Chairperson, General Council
-|[[Shunichi Suzuki (politician)|Shunichi Suzuki]]
+|[[Haruko Arimura]]
-|Representatives
+|Councillors
-|[[Shikōkai]]
+|Shikōkai
 |-
 !|Chairperson, Policy Affairs Research Council
-|[[Itsunori Onodera]]
+|[[Takayuki Kobayashi]]
 |Representatives
-|None
+|None (ex-[[Shisuikai]])
 |-
 !|Chairperson, Election Strategy Committee
-|[[Seiji Kihara]]
+|[[Keiji Furuya]]
 |Representatives
 |None
 |-
 !|Chairperson, Party Organization and Movement Headquarters
-|[[Yuko Obuchi]]
+|[[Yoshitaka Shindō]]
 |Representatives
-|None
+|None (ex-[[Heisei Kenkyūkai|Heisei]])
 |-
 !|Chairperson, Public Relations Headquarters
-|[[Takuya Hirai]]
+|[[Takako Suzuki]]
 |Representatives
-|None
+|None (ex-Heisei)
 |-
 !|Chairperson, Diet Affairs Committee
-|[[Tetsushi Sakamoto]]
+|[[Hiroshi Kajiyama (politician)|Hiroshi Kajiyama]]
 |Representatives
 |None
 |-
 !|Executive Deputy Secretary-General
-|[[Tatsuo Fukuda]]
+|[[Kōichi Hagiuda]]
 |Representatives
-|None
+|None (ex-Seiwa Kai)
 |-
 !|Chairperson, General Assembly of Party Members of the House of Councillors
-|[[Keizo Takemi]]
+|[[Masaji Matsuyama]]
 |Councillors
-|None
+|None (ex-[[Kōchikai]])
 |-
 !|Secretary-General for the LDP in the House of Councillors
-|[[Masaji Matsuyama]]
+|[[Junichi Ishii]]
 |Councillors
-|None
+|None (ex-Heisei)
 |}
 ==Membership==
 The LDP had over 5.5&nbsp;million party members in 1991.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Umeda |first=Michio |date=March 2019 |title=The Liberal Democratic Party: Its adaptability and predominance in Japanese politics for 60 years |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2057891118783270 |journal=Asian Journal of Comparative Politics |language=en |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=8–22 |doi=10.1177/2057891118783270 |issn=2057-8911|url-access=subscription }}</ref> By December 2017, membership had dropped to approximately one million members.<ref name="jimin1">{{Cite web |date=2020-03-02 |title=自民党員7年ぶり減少 108万人、19年末時点 |url=https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO56295950S0A300C2PP8000/ |access-date=2024-02-21 |website=日本経済新聞 |language=ja}}</ref> In 2023, the LDP had 1,091,075 members, a decrease of 33,688 from the year before.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 March 2024 |title=自民党員が３万人減り１０９万人に 不記載事件で「不信招いた」 |trans-title=Number of LDP members falls by 30,000 to 1.09 million as non-disclosure scandal "causes distrust" |url=https://www.sankei.com/article/20240312-DIAPB6XIV5PSTJIHUNYHYEEVVM/ |access-date=28 October 2024 |work=[[Sankei Shimbun]]}}</ref>
-==Performance in national elections until 1993==
-{{See also|Elections in Japan}}
-{{More citations needed section|date=November 2020}}
-Election statistics show that, while the LDP had been able to secure a majority in the twelve House of Representatives elections from May 1958 to February 1990, with only three exceptions (December 1976, October 1979, and December 1983), its share of the popular vote had declined from a high of 57.8% in May 1958 to a low of 41.8% in December 1976, when voters expressed their disgust with the party's involvement in the [[Lockheed bribery scandals#Japan|Lockheed scandal]].{{citation needed|date=November 2020}} The LDP vote rose again between 1979 and 1990. Although the LDP won an unprecedented 300 seats in the July 1986 balloting, its share of the popular vote remained just under 50%. The figure was 46.2% in February 1990. Following the three occasions when the LDP found itself a handful of seats shy of a majority, it was obliged to form alliances with conservative independents and the breakaway New Liberal Club. In a cabinet appointment after the October 1983 balloting, a non-LDP minister, a member of the New Liberal Club, was appointed for the first time. On 18 July 1993, in lower house elections, the LDP fell so far short of a majority that it was unable to form a government.
-In the upper house, the July 1989 election represented the first time that the LDP was forced into a minority position. In previous elections, it had either secured a majority on its own or recruited non-LDP conservatives to make up the difference of a few seats.
-The political crisis of 1988–89 was testimony to both the party's strength and its weakness. In the wake of a succession of issues—the pushing of a highly unpopular [[Consumption tax|consumer tax]] through the Diet in late 1988, the [[Recruit scandal|Recruit insider trading scandal]], which tainted virtually all top LDP leaders and forced the resignation of Prime Minister [[Noboru Takeshita]] in April (a successor did not appear until June), the resignation in July of his successor, [[Sōsuke Uno]], because of a sex scandal, and the poor showing in the upper house election—the media provided the Japanese with a detailed and embarrassing dissection of the political system. By March 1989, popular support for the Takeshita cabinet as expressed in public opinion polls had fallen to 9%. Uno's scandal, covered in magazine interviews of a "kiss and tell" [[geisha]], aroused the fury of female voters.
-Uno's successor, the eloquent if obscure [[Toshiki Kaifu]], was successful in repairing the party's battered image. By January 1990, talk of the waning of conservative power and a possible socialist government had given way to the realization that, like the Lockheed affair of the mid-1970s, the Recruit scandal did not signal a significant change in who ruled Japan. The February 1990 general election gave the LDP, including affiliated independents, a comfortable, if not spectacular, majority: 275 of 512 total representatives.
-In October 1991, Prime Minister Toshiki Kaifu failed to attain passage of a political reform bill and was rejected by the LDP, despite his popularity with the electorate. He was replaced as prime minister by [[Kiichi Miyazawa]], a long-time LDP stalwart. Defections from the LDP began in the spring of 1992, when [[Morihiro Hosokawa]] left the LDP to form the [[Japan New Party]]. Later, in the summer of 1993, when the Miyazawa government also failed to pass political reform legislation, thirty-nine LDP members joined the opposition in a no-confidence vote. In the ensuing lower house election, more than fifty LDP members formed the [[Shinseitō]] and the [[New Party Sakigake|Sakigake]] parties, denying the LDP the majority needed to form a government.
 ==Election results==
 ===Legislative results===
 ====House of Representatives====
-{| class="wikitable sortable"
+{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
-|-
 |+ [[House of Representatives (Japan)|House of Representatives]]
 |-
-! rowspan=2 | Election
+! rowspan="2" | Election
-! rowspan=2 | Leader
+! rowspan="2" | Leader
-! rowspan=2 | No. of<br/>candidates
+! colspan="3" | Seats
-! colspan=3 | Seats
+! rowspan="2" | Position
-! rowspan=2 | Position
+! colspan="2" | Constituency votes
-! colspan=2 | Constituency votes
+! colspan="2" | PR Block votes
-! colspan=2 | PR Block votes
+! rowspan="2" | Status
-! rowspan=2 | Status
 |-
 ! No.
@@ Line 355: / Line 327: @@
 ! No.
 ! Share
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
 ! [[1958 Japanese general election|1958]]
 | [[Nobusuke Kishi]]
-| 413
 | {{Composition bar|289|467|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
-| bgcolor="lightgrey"|
+| bgcolor="lightgrey" |
 | 61.8%
 | 1st
 | 22,976,846
 | 57.80%
-| colspan=2 bgcolor="lightgrey"|
+| colspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey" |
 | {{yes2|Government}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
 ! [[1960 Japanese general election|1960]]
 | rowspan="2" | [[Hayato Ikeda]]
-| 399
 | {{Composition bar|296|467|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{increase}} 11
@@ Line 377: / Line 347: @@
 | 22,740,272
 | 57.56%
-| colspan=2 bgcolor="lightgrey"|
+| colspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey" |
 | {{yes2|Government}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
 ! [[1963 Japanese general election|1963]]
-| 359
 | {{Composition bar|283|467|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{decrease}} 17
@@ Line 388: / Line 357: @@
 | 22,423,915
 | 54.67%
-| colspan=2 bgcolor="lightgrey"|
+| colspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey" |
 | {{yes2|Government}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
 ! [[1967 Japanese general election|1967]]
 | rowspan="2" | [[Eisaku Satō]]
-| 342
 | {{Composition bar|277|486|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{decrease}} 6
@@ Line 400: / Line 368: @@
 | 22,447,838
 | 48.80%
-| colspan=2 bgcolor="lightgrey"|
+| colspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey" |
 | {{yes2|Government}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
 ! [[1969 Japanese general election|1969]]
-| 328
 | {{Composition bar|288|486|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{increase}} 11
@@ Line 411: / Line 378: @@
 | 22,381,570
 | 47.63%
-| colspan=2 bgcolor="lightgrey"|
+| colspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey" |
 | {{yes2|Government}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
 ! [[1972 Japanese general election|1972]]
 | [[Tanaka Kakuei|Kakuei Tanaka]]
-|339
 | {{Composition bar|271|491|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{decrease}} 17
@@ Line 423: / Line 389: @@
 | 24,563,199
 | 46.85%
-| colspan=2 bgcolor="lightgrey"|
+| colspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey" |
 | {{yes2|Government}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
 ! [[1976 Japanese general election|1976]]
 | [[Takeo Miki]]
-| 320
 | {{Composition bar|249|511|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{decrease}} 22
@@ Line 435: / Line 400: @@
 | 23,653,626
 | 41.78%
-| colspan=2 bgcolor="lightgrey"|
+| colspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey" |
 | {{yes2|Government}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
 ! [[1979 Japanese general election|1979]]
 | rowspan="2" | [[Masayoshi Ōhira]]
-| 322
 | {{Composition bar|248|511|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{decrease}} 1
@@ Line 447: / Line 411: @@
 | 24,084,131
 | 44.59%
-| colspan=2 bgcolor="lightgrey"|
+| colspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey" |
 | {{yes2|Government}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
 ! [[1980 Japanese general election|1980]]
-| 310
 | {{Composition bar|284|511|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{increase}} 36
@@ Line 458: / Line 421: @@
 | 28,262,442
 | 47.88%
-| colspan=2 bgcolor="lightgrey"|
+| colspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey" |
 | {{yes2|Government}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
 ! [[1983 Japanese general election|1983]]
 | rowspan="2" | [[Yasuhiro Nakasone]]
-| 339
 | {{Composition bar|250|511|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{decrease}} 34
@@ Line 470: / Line 432: @@
 | 25,982,785
 | 45.76%
-| colspan=2 bgcolor="lightgrey"|
+| colspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey" |
-| {{yes2|LDP-[[New Liberal Club|NLC]] coalition}}
+| {{yes2|LDP–[[New Liberal Club|NLC]] coalition}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
 ! [[1986 Japanese general election|1986]]
-| 322
 | {{Composition bar|300|512|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{increase}} 50
@@ Line 481: / Line 442: @@
 | 29,875,501
 | 49.42%
-| colspan=2 bgcolor="lightgrey"|
+| colspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey" |
 | {{yes2|Government}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
 ! [[1990 Japanese general election|1990]]
 | [[Toshiki Kaifu]]
-| 338
 | {{Composition bar|275|512|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{decrease}} 25
@@ Line 493: / Line 453: @@
 | 30,315,417
 | 46.14%
-| colspan=2 bgcolor="lightgrey"|
+| colspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey" |
 | {{yes2|Government}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
-! rowspan=2| [[1993 Japanese general election|1993]]
+! rowspan="2" | [[1993 Japanese general election|1993]]
-| rowspan=2| [[Kiichi Miyazawa]]
+| rowspan="2" | [[Kiichi Miyazawa]]
-| rowspan=2| 285
+| rowspan="2" | {{Composition bar|223|511|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
-| rowspan=2| {{Composition bar|223|511|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
+| rowspan="2" | {{decrease}} 52
-| rowspan=2| {{decrease}} 52
+| rowspan="2" | 43.6%
-| rowspan=2| 43.6%
+| rowspan="2" | {{steady}} 1st
-| rowspan=2| {{steady}} 1st
+| rowspan="2" | 22,999,646
-| rowspan=2| 22,999,646
+| rowspan="2" | 36.62%
-| rowspan=2| 36.62%
+| colspan="2" rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey" |
-| colspan=2 rowspan=2 bgcolor="lightgrey"|
+| {{no2|Opposition<br>(until 1994)}}
-| {{no2|Opposition<br />(until 1994)}}
+|-
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+| {{yes2|LDP–[[Japanese Socialist Party|JSP]]–[[New Party Sakigake|NPS]] coalition<br>(since 1994)}}
-| {{yes2|LDP-[[Japanese Socialist Party|JSP]]-[[New Party Sakigake|NPS]] coalition<br />(since 1994)}}
+|-
-|- style="text-align:center;"
 ! [[1996 Japanese general election|1996]]
 | [[Ryutaro Hashimoto]]
-| 355
 | {{Composition bar|239|500|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{increase}} 16
@@ Line 521: / Line 479: @@
 | 18,205,955
 | 32.76%
-| {{yes2|LDP-[[Social Democratic Party (Japan)|SDP]]-[[New Party Sakigake|NPS]] coalition}}
+| {{yes2|LDP–[[Social Democratic Party (Japan)|SDP]]–[[New Party Sakigake|NPS]] coalition}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
 ! [[2000 Japanese general election|2000]]
 | [[Yoshirō Mori]]
-| 337
 | {{Composition bar|233|480|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{decrease}} 6
@@ Line 534: / Line 491: @@
 | 16,943,425
 | 28.31%
-| {{yes2|LDP-[[Komeito]]-[[New Conservative Party (Japan)|NCP]] coalition}}
+| {{yes2|LDP–[[Komeito]]–[[New Conservative Party (Japan)|NCP]] coalition}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
 ! [[2003 Japanese general election|2003]]
 | rowspan="2" | [[Junichiro Koizumi]]
-| 336
 | {{Composition bar|237|480|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{increase}} 4
@@ Line 547: / Line 503: @@
 | 20,660,185
 | 34.96%
-| {{yes2|LDP-Komeito coalition}}
+| {{yes2|LDP–Komeito coalition}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
 ! [[2005 Japanese general election|2005]]
-| 346
 | {{Composition bar|296|480|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{increase}} 59
@@ Line 559: / Line 514: @@
 | 25,887,798
 | 38.20%
-| {{yes2|LDP-Komeito coalition}}
+| {{yes2|LDP–Komeito coalition}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
 ! [[2009 Japanese general election|2009]]
 | [[Tarō Asō]]
-| 326
 | {{Composition bar|119|480|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{decrease}} 177
@@ Line 573: / Line 527: @@
 | 26.73%
 | {{no2|Opposition}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
 ! [[2012 Japanese general election|2012]]
 | rowspan="3" |[[Shinzo Abe]]
-| 337
 | {{Composition bar|294|480|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{increase}} 175
@@ Line 585: / Line 538: @@
 | 16,624,457
 | 27.79%
-| {{yes2|LDP-Komeito coalition}}
+| {{yes2|LDP–Komeito coalition}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
 ! [[2014 Japanese general election|2014]]
-| 352
 | {{Composition bar|291|475|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{decrease}} 3
@@ Line 597: / Line 549: @@
 | 17,658,916
 | 33.11%
-| {{yes2|LDP-Komeito coalition}}
+| {{yes2|LDP–Komeito coalition}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
 ! [[2017 Japanese general election|2017]]
-| 332
 | {{Composition bar|284|465|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{decrease}} 7
 | 61.0%
 | {{steady}} 1st
 | 26,719,032
 | 48.21%
 | 18,555,717
 | 33.28%
-| {{yes2|LDP-Komeito coalition}}
+| {{yes2|LDP–Komeito coalition}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
 ! [[2021 Japanese general election|2021]]
 | [[Fumio Kishida]]
-| 338
 | {{Composition bar|259|465|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{decrease}} 25
@@ Line 622: / Line 572: @@
 | 19,914,883
 | 34.66%
-| {{yes2|LDP-Komeito coalition}}
+| {{yes2|LDP–Komeito coalition}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
-! [[2024 Japanese general election|2024]]
+! rowspan="2" |[[2024 Japanese general election|2024]]
-| [[Shigeru Ishiba]]
+| rowspan="2" |[[Shigeru Ishiba]]
-| 342
+| rowspan="2" |{{Composition bar|191|465|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
-| {{Composition bar|191|465|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
+| rowspan="2" |{{decrease}} 68
-| {{decrease}} 68
+| rowspan="2" |41.1%
-| 41.1%
+| rowspan="2" |{{steady}} 1st
-| {{steady}} 1st
+| rowspan="2" |20,867,762
-| 20,867,762
+| rowspan="2" |38.46%
-| 38.46%
+| rowspan="2" |14,582,690
-|14,582,690
+| rowspan="2" |26.73%
-| 26.73%
+| {{partial|LDP–Komeito minority coalition}}<br>(until 2025)
-| {{partial|LDP-Komeito minority coalition}}
+|-
+| {{partial|Governing minority}}<br>(since 2025){{Efn|Despite signing a coalition agreement with [[Ishin no Kai|Ishin]] in October 2025, the LDP remains the sole party in the [[Takaichi Cabinet]].}}
 |}
 ====House of Councillors====
-{| class="wikitable"
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
-|-
 |+ [[House of Councillors]]
 |-
-! rowspan=2 | Election
+! rowspan="2" | Election
-! rowspan=2 | Leader
+! rowspan="2" | Leader
-! colspan=2 | Seats
+! colspan="2" | Seats
-! colspan=2 | Nationwide{{Efn|From 1947 to 1980, 50 members were elected through a nationwide constituency, known as the "national block" ([[Plurality-at-large voting]]). It was replaced in 1983 by a [[Japanese House of Councillors national proportional representation block|proportional representation block]] with closed lists. In 2001, the PR block was reduced to 48 members with [[open list#Most open|most open lists]].}}
+! rowspan="2" | Position
-! colspan=2 | Prefecture
+! colspan="2" | Nationwide{{Efn|From 1947 to 1980, 50 members were elected through a nationwide constituency, known as the "national block" ([[Plurality-at-large voting]]). It was replaced in 1983 by a [[Japanese House of Councillors national proportional representation block|proportional representation block]] with closed lists. In 2001, the PR block was reduced to 48 members with [[open list#Most open|most open lists]].}}
-! rowspan=2 | Status
+! colspan="2" | Prefecture
+! rowspan="2" | Status
 |-
 ! Total{{Efn|The Upper house is split in two classes, one elected every three years.}}
@@ Line 656: / Line 607: @@
 ! Number
 ! %
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
 ! [[1956 Japanese House of Councillors election|1956]]
 | [[Ichirō Hatoyama]]
 | {{Composition bar|122|250|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{Composition bar|61|125|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
+| 1st
 | 11,356,874
 | 39.7%
@@ Line 666: / Line 618: @@
 | 48.4%
 | {{partial|Governing minority}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
 ! [[1959 Japanese House of Councillors election|1959]]
 | [[Nobusuke Kishi]]
 | {{Composition bar|132|250|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{Composition bar|71|125|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
+| {{steady}} 1st
 | 12,120,598
 | 41.2%
@@ Line 676: / Line 629: @@
 | 52.0%
 | {{yes2|Governing majority}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
 ! [[1962 Japanese House of Councillors election|1962]]
 | [[Hayato Ikeda]]
 | {{Composition bar|142|250|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{Composition bar|69|125|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
+| {{steady}} 1st
 | 16,581,637
 | 46.4%
@@ Line 686: / Line 640: @@
 | 47.1%
 | {{yes2|Governing majority}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
 ! [[1965 Japanese House of Councillors election|1965]]
 | rowspan="3" | [[Eisaku Satō]]
 | {{Composition bar|140|251|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{Composition bar|71|125|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
+| {{steady}} 1st
 | 17,583,490
 | 47.2%
@@ Line 696: / Line 651: @@
 | 44.2%
 | {{yes2|Governing majority}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
 ! [[1968 Japanese House of Councillors election|1968]]
 | {{Composition bar|137|250|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{Composition bar|69|125|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
+| {{steady}} 1st
 | 20,120,089
 | 46.7%
@@ Line 705: / Line 661: @@
 | 44.9%
 | {{yes2|Governing majority}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
 ! [[1971 Japanese House of Councillors election|1971]]
 | {{Composition bar|131|249|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{Composition bar|62|125|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
+| {{steady}} 1st
 | 17,759,395
 | 44.5%
@@ Line 714: / Line 671: @@
 | 44.0%
 | {{yes2|Governing majority}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
 ! [[1974 Japanese House of Councillors election|1974]]
 | [[Kakuei Tanaka]]
 | {{Composition bar|126|250|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{Composition bar|62|125|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
+| {{steady}} 1st
 | 23,332,773
 | 44.3%
@@ Line 724: / Line 682: @@
 | 39.5%
 | {{yes2|Governing majority}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
 ! [[1977 Japanese House of Councillors election|1977]]
 | [[Takeo Fukuda]]
 | {{Composition bar|125|249|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{Composition bar|63|125|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
+| {{steady}} 1st
 | 18,160,061
 | 35.8%
@@ Line 734: / Line 693: @@
 | 39.5%
 | {{partial|Governing minority}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
 ! [[1980 Japanese House of Councillors election|1980]]
 | [[Masayoshi Ōhira]]
 | {{Composition bar|135|250|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{Composition bar|69|125|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
+| {{steady}} 1st
 | 23,778,190
 | 43.3%
@@ Line 744: / Line 704: @@
 | 42.5%
 | {{yes2|Governing majority}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
 ! [[1983 Japanese House of Councillors election|1983]]
 | rowspan="2" |[[Yasuhiro Nakasone]]
 | {{Composition bar|137|252|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{Composition bar|68|126|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
+| {{steady}} 1st
 | 16,441,437
 | 35.3%
@@ Line 754: / Line 715: @@
 | 43.2%
 | {{yes2|Governing majority}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
 ! [[1986 Japanese House of Councillors election|1986]]
 | {{Composition bar|143|252|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{Composition bar|72|126|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
+| {{steady}} 1st
 | 22,132,573
 | 38.58%
@@ Line 763: / Line 725: @@
 | 45.07%
 | {{yes2|Governing majority}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
 ! [[1989 Japanese House of Councillors election|1989]]
 | [[Sōsuke Uno]]
 | {{Composition bar|109|252|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{Composition bar|36|126|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
+| {{steady}} 1st
 | 15,343,455
 | 27.32%
@@ Line 773: / Line 736: @@
 | 30.70%
 | {{partial|Governing minority}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
-! rowspan="3"| [[1992 Japanese House of Councillors election|1992]]
-| rowspan="3"| [[Kiichi Miyazawa]]
-| rowspan="3"| {{Composition bar|106|252|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
-| rowspan="3"| {{Composition bar|68|126|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
-| rowspan="3"| 14,961,199
-| rowspan="3"| 33.29%
-| rowspan="3"| 20,528,293
-| rowspan="3"| 45.23%
-| {{partial|Governing minority<br />(until 1993)}}
 |-
-| {{no2|Minority<br />(1993–1994)}}
+! rowspan="3" | [[1992 Japanese House of Councillors election|1992]]
+| rowspan="3" | [[Kiichi Miyazawa]]
+| rowspan="3" | {{Composition bar|106|252|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
+| rowspan="3" | {{Composition bar|68|126|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
+| rowspan="3" | {{steady}} 1st
+| rowspan="3" | 14,961,199
+| rowspan="3" | 33.29%
+| rowspan="3" | 20,528,293
+| rowspan="3" | 45.23%
+| {{partial|Governing minority<br>(until 1993)}}
+|-
+| {{no2|Minority<br>(1993–1994)}}
+|-
+| {{yes2|LDP–[[Japanese Socialist Party|JSP]]–[[New Party Sakigake|NPS]] governing majority<br>(since 1994)}}
 |-
-| {{yes2|LDP-[[Japanese Socialist Party|JSP]]-[[New Party Sakigake|NPS]] governing majority<br />(since 1994)}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
 ! [[1995 Japanese House of Councillors election|1995]]
 | [[Yōhei Kōno]]
 | {{Composition bar|111|252|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{Composition bar|46|126|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
+| {{steady}} 1st
 | 10,557,547
 | 25.40%
 | 11,096,972
 | 27.29%
-| {{yes2|LDP-JSP-NPS governing majority}}
+| {{yes2|LDP–JSP–NPS governing majority}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
-! rowspan="2"| [[1998 Japanese House of Councillors election|1998]]
+! rowspan="2" | [[1998 Japanese House of Councillors election|1998]]
-| rowspan="2"| [[Ryutaro Hashimoto]]
+| rowspan="2" | [[Ryutaro Hashimoto]]
-| rowspan="2"| {{Composition bar|102|252|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
+| rowspan="2" | {{Composition bar|102|252|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
-| rowspan="2"| {{Composition bar|44|126|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
+| rowspan="2" | {{Composition bar|44|126|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
-| rowspan="2"| 14,128,719
+| rowspan="2" | {{steady}} 1st
-| rowspan="2"| 25.17%
+| rowspan="2" | 14,128,719
-| rowspan="2"| 17,033,851
+| rowspan="2" | 25.17%
-| rowspan="2"| 30.45%
+| rowspan="2" | 17,033,851
-| {{yes2|LDP–([[Liberal Party (Japan, 1998)|Lib.]]–[[Komeito]]) governing majority<br />(until 2000)}}
+| rowspan="2" | 30.45%
+| {{yes2|LDP–[[Liberal Party (Japan, 1998)|Liberal]]–[[Komeito]] governing majority<br>(until 2000)}}
+|-
+| {{yes2|LDP–Komeito–[[New Conservative Party (Japan)|NCP]] governing majority<br>(since 2000)}}
 |-
-| {{yes2|LDP–Komeito–[[New Conservative Party (Japan)|NCP]] governing majority<br />(since 2000)}}
+! rowspan="2" | [[2001 Japanese House of Councillors election|2001]]
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+| rowspan="3" | [[Junichiro Koizumi]]
-! rowspan="2"| [[2001 Japanese House of Councillors election|2001]]
+| rowspan="2" | {{Composition bar|111|247|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
-| rowspan="3" |[[Junichiro Koizumi]]
+| rowspan="2" | {{Composition bar|64|121|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
-| rowspan="2"| {{Composition bar|111|247|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
+| rowspan="2" | {{steady}} 1st
-| rowspan="2"| {{Composition bar|64|121|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
+| rowspan="2" | 21,114,727
-| rowspan="2"| 21,114,727
+| rowspan="2" | 38.57%
-| rowspan="2"| 38.57%
+| rowspan="2" | 22,299,825
-| rowspan="2"| 22,299,825
+| rowspan="2" | 41.04%
-| rowspan="2"| 41.04%
 | {{yes2|LDP–Komeito–NCP governing majority<br />(until 2003)}}
 |-
 | {{yes2|LDP–Komeito governing majority<br />(since 2003)}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
 ! [[2004 Japanese House of Councillors election|2004]]
 | {{Composition bar|115|242|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{Composition bar|49|121|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
+| {{steady}} 1st
 | 16,797,686
 | 30.03%
@@ Line 830: / Line 798: @@
 | 35.08%
 | {{yes2|LDP–Komeito governing majority}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
-! rowspan="2"| [[2007 Japanese House of Councillors election|2007]]
+! rowspan="2" | [[2007 Japanese House of Councillors election|2007]]
-| rowspan="2"| [[Shinzo Abe]]
+| rowspan="2" | [[Shinzo Abe]]
-| rowspan="2"| {{Composition bar|83|242|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
+| rowspan="2" | {{Composition bar|83|242|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
-| rowspan="2"| {{Composition bar|37|121|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
+| rowspan="2" | {{Composition bar|37|121|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
-| rowspan="2"| 16,544,696
+| rowspan="2" | {{decrease}} 2nd
-| rowspan="2"| 28.1%
+| rowspan="2" | 16,544,696
-| rowspan="2"| 18,606,193
+| rowspan="2" | 28.1%
-| rowspan="2"| 31.35%
+| rowspan="2" | 18,606,193
+| rowspan="2" | 31.35%
 | {{partial|LDP–Komeito governing minority<br />(until 2009)}}
 |-
 | {{no2|Minority<br />(since 2009)}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
-! rowspan="2"| [[2010 Japanese House of Councillors election|2010]]
+! rowspan="2" | [[2010 Japanese House of Councillors election|2010]]
-| rowspan="2"| [[Sadakazu Tanigaki]]
+| rowspan="2" | [[Sadakazu Tanigaki]]
-| rowspan="2"| {{Composition bar|84|242|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
+| rowspan="2" | {{Composition bar|84|242|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
-| rowspan="2"| {{Composition bar|51|121|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
+| rowspan="2" | {{Composition bar|51|121|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
-| rowspan="2"| 14,071,671
+| rowspan="2" | {{steady}} 2nd
-| rowspan="2"| 24.07%
+| rowspan="2" | 14,071,671
-| rowspan="2"| 19,496,083
+| rowspan="2" | 24.07%
-| rowspan="2"| 33.38%
+| rowspan="2" | 19,496,083
+| rowspan="2" | 33.38%
 | {{no2|Minority<br />(until 2012)}}
 |-
 | {{partial|LDP–Komeito governing minority<br />(since 2012)}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
 ! [[2013 Japanese House of Councillors election|2013]]
 | rowspan="3" |[[Shinzo Abe]]
 | {{Composition bar|115|242|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{Composition bar|65|121|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
+| {{increase}} 1st
 | 18,460,404
 | 34.7%
@@ Line 864: / Line 835: @@
 | 42.7%
 | {{yes2|LDP–Komeito governing majority}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
 ! [[2016 Japanese House of Councillors election|2016]]
 | {{Composition bar|121|242|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{Composition bar|56|121|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
+| {{steady}} 1st
 | 20,114,833
 | 35.9%
@@ Line 873: / Line 845: @@
 | 39.9%
 | {{yes2|LDP–Komeito governing majority}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
 ! [[2019 Japanese House of Councillors election|2019]]
 | {{Composition bar|113|245|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{Composition bar|57|124|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
+| {{steady}} 1st
 |17,712,373
 |35.37%
@@ Line 882: / Line 855: @@
 |39.77%
 | {{yes2|LDP–Komeito governing majority}}
-|- style="text-align:center;"
+|-
 ! [[2022 Japanese House of Councillors election|2022]]
 | [[Fumio Kishida]]
 | {{Composition bar|119|248|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
 | {{Composition bar|63|125|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
+| {{steady}} 1st
 | 18,256,245
 | 34.43%
@@ Line 892: / Line 866: @@
 | 38.74%
 | {{yes2|LDP–Komeito governing majority}}
+|-
+! rowspan="2" |[[2025 Japanese House of Councillors election|2025]]
+| rowspan="2" |[[Shigeru Ishiba]]
+| rowspan="2" |{{Composition bar|101|248|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
+| rowspan="2" |{{Composition bar|39|125|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}}}
+| rowspan="2" |{{steady}} 1st
+| rowspan="2" |12,808,307
+| rowspan="2" |21.64%
+| rowspan="2" |14,470,017
+| rowspan="2" |24.46%
+| {{partial|LDP–Komeito governing minority}}<br>(until 2025)
+|-
+| {{partial|Governing minority}}<br>(since 2025)
 |}
@@ Line 921: / Line 908: @@
 *[http://www.jimin.jp/english/ The official website of the LDP (Liberal Democratic Party)] {{in lang|en}}
-{{portal|Japan|Conservatism
-}}
 {{Liberal Democratic Party of Japan}}
 {{Japan political parties}}
+{{portal bar|Conservatism|Japan|Politics}}
 {{Authority control}}
 [[Category:Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)| ]]
-[[Category:Politics of Japan]]
-[[Category:Political parties established in 1955]]
-[[Category:Political parties in Japan]]
 [[Category:1955 establishments in Japan]]
-[[Category:Conservatism in Japan]]
+[[Category:Anti-communist organizations in Japan]]
+[[Category:Anti-communist parties]]
 [[Category:Conservative parties in Japan]]
 [[Category:Japanese nationalist parties]]
 [[Category:National conservative parties]]
 [[Category:Opposition to same-sex marriage in Asia]]
-[[Category:Socially conservative parties]]
+[[Category:Political parties established in 1955]]
+[[Category:Political parties in Japan]]
 [[Category:Right-wing parties in Asia]]
 [[Category:Right-wing populism in Japan]]
 [[Category:Right-wing populist parties]]
-[[Category:Anti-communist organizations in Japan]]
+[[Category:Socially conservative parties]]
-[[Category:Anti-communist parties]]

Liberal Democratic Party (Japan): Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 09:28, 17 November 2025

History

Beginnings

1960s to 1990s

Out of power

1996–2009

2009–present

Ideology and political stance

History

2021 manifesto

Factions

Structure

Leadership

Membership

Election results

Legislative results

House of Representatives

House of Councillors

Logos

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links

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