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imported>Mandsford Xuande Emperor> Xuanzong. Xuande was the era in which he reigned, not his name. |
imported>Camboxer →Events: addition & copyediting |
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== Events == | == Events == | ||
<onlyinclude> | <onlyinclude> | ||
=== January–June === | === January–June === | ||
* [[January 16]] – The papacy of [[Pope Gabriel V of Alexandria]], leader of the Coptic Orthodox Church in Egypt, ends after a reign of more than 17 years. | * [[January 16]] – The papacy of [[Pope Gabriel V of Alexandria]], leader of the Coptic Orthodox Church in Egypt, ends with his death after a reign of more than 17 years. | ||
* [[January]] – [[Radu II of Wallachia]] resumes the throne of [[Wallachia]] for the fourth time, but a seven-year struggle for it ends in March when he is defeated in battle, and probably killed, by [[Dan II of Wallachia|Dan II]], who resumes the throne for a fifth term. | * [[January]] – [[Radu II of Wallachia]] resumes the throne of [[Wallachia]] for the fourth time, but a seven-year struggle for it ends in March when he is defeated in battle, and probably killed, by [[Dan II of Wallachia|Dan II]], who resumes the throne for a fifth term. | ||
* [[February 23]] – In Spain, the first tremors are felt in the [[Principality of Catalonia]] of what will become a devastating [[1428 Catalonia earthquake|6.7 magnitude earthquake]] that will happen less than a year later, on February 2, 1428.<ref>{{citation |first1=E. |last1=Banda |first2=A. M. |last2=Correig |year=1984 |title=The Catalan earthquake of February 2, 1428 |journal=Engineering Geology |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |volume=20 |issue=1–2 |pages=89–97 |doi=10.1016/0013-7952(84)90045-0 |bibcode=1984EngGe..20...89B }}</ref> | * [[February 23]] – In Spain, the first tremors are felt in the [[Principality of Catalonia]] of what will become a devastating [[1428 Catalonia earthquake|6.7 magnitude earthquake]] that will happen less than a year later, on February 2, 1428.<ref>{{citation |first1=E. |last1=Banda |first2=A. M. |last2=Correig |year=1984 |title=The Catalan earthquake of February 2, 1428 |journal=Engineering Geology |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |volume=20 |issue=1–2 |pages=89–97 |doi=10.1016/0013-7952(84)90045-0 |bibcode=1984EngGe..20...89B }}</ref> | ||
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=== April–June === | === April–June === | ||
* [[April 22]] – In France, [[Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset]], is granted the control of the county of Mortain in [[Normandy]] by the [[John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford|Duke of Bedford]], Regent for King Henry VI in France, as a reward for his military service during the war against the French.<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Cokayne |date=1953 |editor2-last=White |editor-first=G. |editor2-first=G.H. |title=[[The Complete Peerage]] |volume=12 |issue=1 |edition=2nd |publisher=St. Catherine Press |location=London |page=49|editor-link=George Edward Cokayne |name-list-style=amp}}</ref> | * [[April 22]] – In France, [[Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset]], is granted the control of the county of Mortain in [[Normandy]] by the [[John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford|Duke of Bedford]], Regent for King Henry VI in France, as a reward for his military service during the war against the French.<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Cokayne |date=1953 |editor2-last=White |editor-first=G. |editor2-first=G.H. |title=[[The Complete Peerage]] |volume=12 |issue=1 |edition=2nd |publisher=St. Catherine Press |location=London |page=49|editor-link=George Edward Cokayne |name-list-style=amp}}</ref> | ||
* [[May 11]] | * [[May 11]] (16 [[Pashons]], [[Coptic calendar|1143 AM]]) – At [[Alexandria]], Farag El-Maksi is elected as the new Patriarch of the Coptic Orthodox Christians and takes the regnal name of [[Pope John XI of Alexandria|Pope John XI]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Coptic Encyclopedia |title-link=Coptic Encyclopedia |publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers]] |others=Provided by [[Claremont Graduate University]] |year=1991 |editor-last=Atiya |editor-first=Aziz S. |editor-link=Aziz Suryal Atiya |volume=4 |location=New York City |chapter=John XI |chapter-url=https://ccdl.libraries.claremont.edu/digital/collection/cce/id/1100/rec/1}}</ref> | ||
* [[June 7]] – [[Pope Martin V]] orders the Roman Catholic bishops of Portro and Alba to work on driving the [[Fraticelli]] faction of the [[Franciscan Order]] from Italy.<ref>Matthew Mills, "Fraticelli", in ''The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church'', 4th ed. (Oxford University Press, 2022).</ref> | * [[June 7]] – [[Pope Martin V]] orders the Roman Catholic bishops of Portro and Alba to work on driving the [[Fraticelli]] faction of the [[Franciscan Order]] from Italy.<ref>Matthew Mills, "Fraticelli", in ''The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church'', 4th ed. (Oxford University Press, 2022).</ref> | ||
* [[June 16]] – [[John, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach | * [[June 16]] – [[John, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach]] ("the Alchemist", of the Hohenzollern family), signs a peace agreement with the dukes of the various Pomeranian duchies at the Brandenburg city of [[Templin]], ending the latest Pomeranian-Brandenburg conflict. | ||
* [[June 27]] – [[John III, Duke of Mecklenburg-Stargard]], is released from imprisonment after swearing an oath of allegiance to John | * [[June 27]] – [[John III, Duke of Mecklenburg-Stargard]], is released from imprisonment after swearing an oath of allegiance to John, Margrave of Brandenburg. | ||
=== July–September === | === July–September === | ||
* [[July 15]] – The [[Siege of Montargis]] is started in [[France]] by 1,000 Englishmen led by the [[Richard Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick|Earl of Warwick]] and lasts for seven weeks.<ref name=Wagner>{{Cite book |last1=Wagner |first1=John A. |title=Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years War |year=2006 |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]] |page=219|isbn=978-0313327360}}</ref> | * [[July 15]] – The [[Siege of Montargis]] is started in [[France]] by 1,000 Englishmen led by the [[Richard Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick|Earl of Warwick]] and lasts for seven weeks.<ref name=Wagner>{{Cite book |last1=Wagner |first1=John A. |title=Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years War |year=2006 |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]] |page=219|isbn=978-0313327360}}</ref> | ||
* [[July 19]] – [[Stefan Lazarević]], ruler of the [[Serbian Despotate]], dies at [[Belgrade]] and is succeeded by his nephew, [[Đurađ | * [[July 19]] – [[Stefan Lazarević]], ruler of the [[Serbian Despotate]], dies at [[Belgrade]] and is succeeded by his nephew, [[Đurađ Branković]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Djokić |first1=Dejan |title=A Concise History of Serbia |date=2023 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781107028388 |pages=128–129|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3k6hEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA128}}</ref> | ||
* [[August 4]] – [[Hussite Wars]] | * [[August 4]] – [[Hussite Wars]]: [[Battle of Tachov]] – The [[Hussites]] decisively beat the [[Crusade#Hussite Crusade|crusader]] armies, ending the Fourth Anti-Hussite Crusade. | ||
* [[August 17]] – The first band of [[Romani people|Gypsies]] visits [[Paris]], according to an account of the citizens of Paris. | * [[August 17]] – The first band of [[Romani people|Gypsies]] visits [[Paris]], according to an account of the citizens of Paris. | ||
=== October–December === | === October–December === | ||
* [[September 5]] – A French Army relief force of 1,600 soldiers, led by [[Jean de Dunois]], ends the siege of Montargis by luring the English Army into a trap. The Montargis defenders open the city gates and the English are attacked from two sides, losing more than 1,000 men and all of their artillery.<ref name=Wagner/> | * [[September 5]] – A French Army relief force of 1,600 soldiers, led by [[Jean de Dunois]], ends the siege of Montargis by luring the English Army into a trap. The Montargis defenders open the city gates and the English are attacked from two sides, losing more than 1,000 men and all of their artillery.<ref name=Wagner/> | ||
* [[September 29]] – [[Lam Sơn uprising]]: China's General Liu Sheng arrives at China's border with Vietnam where a meeting is held with rebel leader [[Lê Lợi]], who proposes settling the war by recognizing [[Trần Cảo (king)|Tran Cao]]'s rule as King of [[ | * [[September 29]] – [[Lam Sơn uprising]]: China's General Liu Sheng arrives at China's border with Vietnam where a meeting is held with rebel leader [[Lê Lợi]], who proposes settling the war by recognizing [[Trần Cảo (king)|Tran Cao]]'s rule as King of [[Đại Việt]]. The proposal is a pretext for Liu Sheng's army being lured into an ambush that soon follows, with 70,000 Chinese troops killed.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dreyer |first=Edward L. |author-link=Edward L. Dreyer |url=https://archive.org/details/earlymingchinapo0000drey |title=Early Ming China: A Political History |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=1982 |page=228 |isbn=0-8047-1105-4 |location=Stanford}}</ref> | ||
* [[October 13]] – | * [[October 13]] – | ||
**[[Lincoln College, Oxford|Lincoln College]], a constituent college of the [[University of Oxford]] in England, is founded by the Bishop of Lincoln. | **[[Lincoln College, Oxford|Lincoln College]], a constituent college of the [[University of Oxford]] in England, is founded by the Bishop of Lincoln. | ||
**The English Parliament assembles at Westminster after being summoned on July 15 by England's Regency Council.[[John Tyrrell (died 1437)|John Tyrrell]] is elected as Speaker of the House of Commons. | **The English Parliament assembles at Westminster after being summoned on July 15 by England's Regency Council. [[John Tyrrell (died 1437)|John Tyrrell]] is elected as Speaker of the House of Commons. | ||
* [[November 12]] – To avoid further destruction of the Chinese army, General [[Wang Tong (Ming dynasty)|Wang Tong]] begins withdrawing troops from northern Vietnam's [[Jiaozhi | * [[November 12]] – To avoid further destruction of the Chinese army, General [[Wang Tong (Ming dynasty)|Wang Tong]] begins withdrawing troops from northern Vietnam's [[Jiaozhi]] region, having accepted a proposal by Vietnam without the approval of China's [[Xuande Emperor]]. The Emperor is informed of the proposal and agrees on November 20 to accept terms of peace.<ref>Chan (1988), p. 290.</ref> | ||
* [[December 29]] – Victorious in the [[Lam Sơn uprising]], | * [[December 29]] – Victorious in the [[Lam Sơn uprising]], [[Đại Việt]] (Vietnam) succeeds in forcing the withdrawal of Chinese troops from its territory as China's General [[Wang Tong (Ming dynasty)|Wang Tong]] and Vietnam's General [[Nguyễn Trãi]] agree to terms of disarmament and repatriation of 86,640 Ming Chinese prisoners in return for Chinese withdrawal.<ref>{{cite book|last1=United States Air Force Academy|title=WLA: War, Literature & the Arts| ref = CITEREFUSAFA1998|year=1998|publisher=Department of English, United States Air Force Academy|page=210}}</ref> | ||
=== Date unknown === | === Date unknown === | ||
* Minrekyansa becomes King of [[Inwa|Ava]] ( | * Minrekyansa becomes King of [[Inwa|Ava]] (ancient [[Myanmar]]). | ||
* The Conflict of Druimnacour occurs in [[Sutherland]], [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]].<ref>''The History of the Feuds and Conflicts Among the Clans in the Northern Parts of Scotland and in the Western Isles: from the year M.XX1 unto M.B.C.XIX, now first published from a manuscript wrote in the reign of King James VI.'' Foulis press, 1764.</ref> | * The Conflict of Druimnacour occurs in [[Sutherland]], [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]].<ref>''The History of the Feuds and Conflicts Among the Clans in the Northern Parts of Scotland and in the Western Isles: from the year M.XX1 unto M.B.C.XIX, now first published from a manuscript wrote in the reign of King James VI.'' Foulis press, 1764.</ref> | ||
* The first [[ | * The first [[witch hunt]]s begin, in [[Old Swiss Confederacy|Switzerland]]. | ||
* The [[Celestines|Celestine]] [[Order (religious)|Order]] is established in [[Kingdom of France|France]]. | * The [[Celestines|Celestine]] [[Order (religious)|Order]] is established in [[Kingdom of France|France]]. | ||
* The Celebration of ''Sant Jordi'' ([[Saint George]]) begins in [[Catalonia]] (he will later become its [[patron saint]]). | * The Celebration of ''Sant Jordi'' ([[Saint George]]) begins in [[Catalonia]] (he will later become its [[patron saint]]). | ||
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* [[Battle of the Echinades (1427)|Battle of the Echinades]]: A Byzantine fleet defeats the fleet of [[Carlo I Tocco]]. | * [[Battle of the Echinades (1427)|Battle of the Echinades]]: A Byzantine fleet defeats the fleet of [[Carlo I Tocco]]. | ||
* [[Itzcoatl]] becomes the 4th [[Tlatoani]] of [[Tenochtitlan]], after his nephew [[Chimalpopoca]] is killed by the [[Maxtla]], at [[Azcapotzalco]]. | * [[Itzcoatl]] becomes the 4th [[Tlatoani]] of [[Tenochtitlan]], after his nephew [[Chimalpopoca]] is killed by the [[Maxtla]], at [[Azcapotzalco]]. | ||
* [[Bhaktapur]] Royal Palace | * [[Bhaktapur]] Royal Palace in [[Nepal]] is built by King Yaksa Malla.</onlyinclude> | ||
== Births == | == Births == | ||
Latest revision as of 11:12, 28 August 2025
Template:About year Template:Year nav
Script error: No such module "Sidebar".
Script error: No such module "Year in various calendars".
Year 1427 (MCDXXVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
- January 16 – The papacy of Pope Gabriel V of Alexandria, leader of the Coptic Orthodox Church in Egypt, ends with his death after a reign of more than 17 years.
- January – Radu II of Wallachia resumes the throne of Wallachia for the fourth time, but a seven-year struggle for it ends in March when he is defeated in battle, and probably killed, by Dan II, who resumes the throne for a fifth term.
- February 23 – In Spain, the first tremors are felt in the Principality of Catalonia of what will become a devastating 6.7 magnitude earthquake that will happen less than a year later, on February 2, 1428.[1]
- March 29 – In Vietnam, the Ming dynasty China army invades a second time, bringing 120,000 reinforcement troops led by General Mu Sheng to crush the Lam Sơn uprising.[2]
April–June
- April 22 – In France, Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset, is granted the control of the county of Mortain in Normandy by the Duke of Bedford, Regent for King Henry VI in France, as a reward for his military service during the war against the French.[3]
- May 11 (16 Pashons, 1143 AM) – At Alexandria, Farag El-Maksi is elected as the new Patriarch of the Coptic Orthodox Christians and takes the regnal name of Pope John XI.[4]
- June 7 – Pope Martin V orders the Roman Catholic bishops of Portro and Alba to work on driving the Fraticelli faction of the Franciscan Order from Italy.[5]
- June 16 – John, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach ("the Alchemist", of the Hohenzollern family), signs a peace agreement with the dukes of the various Pomeranian duchies at the Brandenburg city of Templin, ending the latest Pomeranian-Brandenburg conflict.
- June 27 – John III, Duke of Mecklenburg-Stargard, is released from imprisonment after swearing an oath of allegiance to John, Margrave of Brandenburg.
July–September
- July 15 – The Siege of Montargis is started in France by 1,000 Englishmen led by the Earl of Warwick and lasts for seven weeks.[6]
- July 19 – Stefan Lazarević, ruler of the Serbian Despotate, dies at Belgrade and is succeeded by his nephew, Đurađ Branković.[7]
- August 4 – Hussite Wars: Battle of Tachov – The Hussites decisively beat the crusader armies, ending the Fourth Anti-Hussite Crusade.
- August 17 – The first band of Gypsies visits Paris, according to an account of the citizens of Paris.
October–December
- September 5 – A French Army relief force of 1,600 soldiers, led by Jean de Dunois, ends the siege of Montargis by luring the English Army into a trap. The Montargis defenders open the city gates and the English are attacked from two sides, losing more than 1,000 men and all of their artillery.[6]
- September 29 – Lam Sơn uprising: China's General Liu Sheng arrives at China's border with Vietnam where a meeting is held with rebel leader Lê Lợi, who proposes settling the war by recognizing Tran Cao's rule as King of Đại Việt. The proposal is a pretext for Liu Sheng's army being lured into an ambush that soon follows, with 70,000 Chinese troops killed.[8]
- October 13 –
- Lincoln College, a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England, is founded by the Bishop of Lincoln.
- The English Parliament assembles at Westminster after being summoned on July 15 by England's Regency Council. John Tyrrell is elected as Speaker of the House of Commons.
- November 12 – To avoid further destruction of the Chinese army, General Wang Tong begins withdrawing troops from northern Vietnam's Jiaozhi region, having accepted a proposal by Vietnam without the approval of China's Xuande Emperor. The Emperor is informed of the proposal and agrees on November 20 to accept terms of peace.[9]
- December 29 – Victorious in the Lam Sơn uprising, Đại Việt (Vietnam) succeeds in forcing the withdrawal of Chinese troops from its territory as China's General Wang Tong and Vietnam's General Nguyễn Trãi agree to terms of disarmament and repatriation of 86,640 Ming Chinese prisoners in return for Chinese withdrawal.[10]
Date unknown
- Minrekyansa becomes King of Ava (ancient Myanmar).
- The Conflict of Druimnacour occurs in Sutherland, Scotland.[11]
- The first witch hunts begin, in Switzerland.
- The Celestine Order is established in France.
- The Celebration of Sant Jordi (Saint George) begins in Catalonia (he will later become its patron saint).
- Bremen is expelled from the Hanseatic League.
- Diogo de Silves, Portuguese navigator, discovers seven islands of the Azores archipelago.
- Battle of the Echinades: A Byzantine fleet defeats the fleet of Carlo I Tocco.
- Itzcoatl becomes the 4th Tlatoani of Tenochtitlan, after his nephew Chimalpopoca is killed by the Maxtla, at Azcapotzalco.
- Bhaktapur Royal Palace in Nepal is built by King Yaksa Malla.
Births
- February 27 – Ruprecht, Archbishop of Cologne (d. 1480)
- May 8 – John Tiptoft, 1st Earl of Worcester, Lord High Treasurer (d. 1470)
- May 29 – Françoise d'Amboise, duchess consort of Brittany, co-founder of the first monastery of the Carmelites in France (d. 1485)
- June 22 – Lucrezia Tornabuoni, Italian writer, adviser and spouse of Piero di Cosimo de' Medici (d. 1482)
- September 9 – Thomas de Ros, 9th Baron de Ros, English politician (d. 1464)
- October 26 – Archduke Sigismund of Austria (d. 1496)
- November 24 – John Stafford, 1st Earl of Wiltshire (d. 1473)
- November 29 – Zhengtong Emperor of China (d. 1464)
- November 30 – Casimir IV Jagiellon, King of Poland (d. 1492)
- date unknown – Shen Zhou, Chinese painter (d. 1509)
Deaths
- April 17 – John IV, Duke of Brabant (b. 1403)[12]
- May 7 – Thomas la Warr, 5th Baron De La Warr, English churchman
- May 28 – Henry IV, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg (b. 1397)
- July 19 – Stefan Lazarević, Despot of Serbia (b. 1377)[13]
- date unknown
- Chimalpopoca, Aztec Tlatoani (ruler) of Tenochtitlán (b. 1397)[14]
- Qu You, Chinese novelist (b. 1341)
- probable
- Jehuda Cresques, Catalan cartographer (b. 1350)
- Gentile da Fabriano, Italian painter
- Radu II Prasnaglava, ruler of Wallachia, probably killed in or after a lost battle
References
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Matthew Mills, "Fraticelli", in The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 4th ed. (Oxford University Press, 2022).
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Chan (1988), p. 290.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ The History of the Feuds and Conflicts Among the Clans in the Northern Parts of Scotland and in the Western Isles: from the year M.XX1 unto M.B.C.XIX, now first published from a manuscript wrote in the reign of King James VI. Foulis press, 1764.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".