Hassan Modarres: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
imported>XLinkBot
BOT--Reverting reference addition(s) by Shidrokh radmehr to revision 1255705573 (www.tasnimnews.com/en/news/2019/12/30/2166773/house-of-ayatollah-modarres-a-historical-building-in-tehran [\btasnimnews\.com\b])
 
imported>Gorrrillla5
 
Line 2: Line 2:
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
|image        = [[File:Modarres.jpg|200px]]
| honorific-prefix    = [[Seyyed]]
|order1       = [[Parliament of Iran|Member of the Parliament]]
| name                = Hassan Modarres
|monarch1     = [[Reza Shah]]
| honorific-suffix    =
|term_start1 = 11 July 1926
| native_name        = {{No bold|{{Script/Nastaliq|حسن مدرس}}}}
|term_end1   = 13 August 1928
| native_name_lang    = fa
|majority1   =  
| image              = Hassan Modarres, c. 1930s (cropped).jpg
|constituency1= [[Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr|Tehran]]
| order1             = [[Parliament of Iran|Member of the Parliament]]
|monarch2     = [[Reza Shah]]<br/>[[Ahmad Shah Qajar]]
| monarch1           = [[Reza Shah]]
|term_start2 = 11 February 1924
| term_start1         = 11 July 1926
|term_end2   = 11 February 1926
| term_end1           = 13 August 1928
|majority2   = Ranked 1st
| majority1           =  
|constituency2= [[Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr|Tehran]]
| constituency1       = [[Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr|Tehran]]
|monarch3     = [[Ahmad Shah Qajar]]
| monarch2           = [[Reza Shah]]<br/>[[Ahmad Shah Qajar]]
|term_start3 = 22 June 1921
| term_start2         = 11 February 1924
|term_end3   = 11 June 1923
| term_end2           = 11 February 1926
|constituency3= [[Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr|Tehran]]
| majority2           = Ranked 1st
|monarch4     = [[Ahmad Shah Qajar]]
| constituency2       = [[Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr|Tehran]]
|term_start4 = 6 December 1914
| monarch3           = [[Ahmad Shah Qajar]]
|term_end4   = 13 November 1915
| term_start3         = 22 June 1921
|constituency4= [[Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr|Tehran]]
| term_end3           = 11 June 1923
|birth_name   = Seyyed Hassan Tabatabaei Ardestani<br/>{{lang|fa|سید حسن طباطبایی اردستانی}}
| constituency3       = [[Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr|Tehran]]
|birth_date   = {{circa}} 1870
| monarch4           = [[Ahmad Shah Qajar]]
|birth_place = [[Sarabeh]], [[Ardestan County|Ardestan]], [[Qajar Iran|Iran]]
| term_start4         = 6 December 1914
|death_date   = {{Death date and age|1937|12|1|1870|1|1|df=y}}  
| term_end4           = 13 November 1915
|death_place = [[Kashmar]], [[Khurasan]], [[Imperial State of Iran|Iran]]
| constituency4       = [[Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr|Tehran]]
|nationality = Iranian
| birth_name         = Seyyed Hassan Tabatabaei Ardestani<br/>{{lang|fa|سید حسن طباطبایی اردستانی}}
|occupation   = Teacher
| birth_date         = {{circa}} 1870
|alma_mater   = [[Najaf Seminary]]
| birth_place         = [[Sarabeh]], [[Ardestan County|Ardestan]], [[Qajar Iran|Sublime State of Persia]]
|party       = {{plainlist|
| death_date         = {{Death date and age|1937|12|1|1870|1|1|df=y}}
| death_place         = [[Kashmar]], [[Khurasan]], [[Pahlavi Iran|Imperial State of Iran]]
| nationality         = Iranian
| occupation         = Teacher
| alma_mater         = [[Najaf Seminary]]
| party               = {{plainlist|
* [[Reformers' Party]] {{small|(1921–1926)}}
* [[Reformers' Party]] {{small|(1921–1926)}}
* [[Learned Council]] {{small|(1914–1915)}}
* [[Learned Council]] {{small|(1914–1915)}}
* [[Moderates Party]] {{small|(Pre 1914)}}}}
* [[Moderates Party]] {{small|(Pre 1914)}}}}
| caption            = Photograph of Hassan Modarres by [[Antoin Sevruguin]], c. 1930s
}}
}}


'''Seyyed Hassan Modarres''' ({{langx|fa|سید حسن مدرس}}; {{c.|1870}}, [[Sarabeh]]{{snd}}1 December 1937, [[Kashmar]]) was an Iranian [[Twelver]] [[Shi'a]] cleric and a notable supporter of the [[Persian Constitutional Revolution|Iranian Constitutional Revolution]].  He was among the founding members, along with [[Abdolhossein Teymourtash]], of the reformist party ''Hezb-e Eslaah-talab'', which was formed during the fourth national [[Majlis of Iran]]. He has been called "brave and incorruptible" and "perhaps the most fervent [[Mullah#Iran|mullah]] supporter of true constitutional government."<ref>Mottahedeh, Roy, ''The Mantle of the Prophet: Religion and Politics in Iran'', One World, Oxford, 1985, 2000, p. 224</ref>
'''Hassan Modarres''' ({{langx|fa|سید حسن مدرس}}; {{c.|1870}}, [[Sarabeh]]{{snd}}1 December 1937, [[Kashmar]]) was an Iranian [[Twelver]] [[Shi'a]] cleric and a notable supporter of the [[Persian Constitutional Revolution|Iranian Constitutional Revolution]].  He was among the founding members, along with [[Abdolhossein Teymourtash]], of the reformist party ''Hezb-e Eslaah-talab'', which was formed during the fourth national [[Majlis of Iran]]. He has been called "brave and incorruptible" and "perhaps the most fervent [[Mullah#Iran|cleric]] supporter of true constitutional government".<ref>Mottahedeh, Roy, ''The Mantle of the Prophet: Religion and Politics in Iran'', One World, Oxford, 1985, 2000, p. 224</ref>


==Biography==
==Biography==
Line 45: Line 51:
Having studied [[Islam]]ic sciences in [[Isfahan (city)|Isfahan]] and [[Najaf]], Modarres became a religious teacher in an Isfahan's [[madrasa]]. The name Modarres, which means "teacher", is because of his job there. In 1910, he was chosen by Najaf's cleric community and sent to [[Tehran]] to supervise the laws passed by the Majlis, to make sure they did not violate the rules of ''[[sharia]]''. Later, in 1914, he was elected as a Majlis representative of Tehran.<ref name= "irdc">{{cite web |title=زندگی نامه و تصاویر آیت الله مدرس |url=http://irdc.ir/fa/news/498/%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C-%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D9%88-%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D8%A2%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3 |website=irdc}}</ref>
Having studied [[Islam]]ic sciences in [[Isfahan (city)|Isfahan]] and [[Najaf]], Modarres became a religious teacher in an Isfahan's [[madrasa]]. The name Modarres, which means "teacher", is because of his job there. In 1910, he was chosen by Najaf's cleric community and sent to [[Tehran]] to supervise the laws passed by the Majlis, to make sure they did not violate the rules of ''[[sharia]]''. Later, in 1914, he was elected as a Majlis representative of Tehran.<ref name= "irdc">{{cite web |title=زندگی نامه و تصاویر آیت الله مدرس |url=http://irdc.ir/fa/news/498/%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C-%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D9%88-%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D8%A2%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3 |website=irdc}}</ref>


<!-- Unsourced image removed: [[File:Modarres1.jpg|thumb|Seyyed Hassan Modarres]] -->
[[File:First world war , iran.jpeg|thumb|Modarres, third from left, in the cabinet in exile during World War I]]
In 1916, during [[World War I]], he migrated to [[Iraq]], [[Syria]], and [[Turkey]] together with a handful of other politicians, and served as the Minister of Justice in a cabinet formed in exile by Nezam os-Saltaneh. After returning to Iran, he was elected in the Majlis elections a few more times.  Modarres fought against the presence of British forces in Persia, vigorously opposing the [[Anglo-Persian Agreement|proposed 1919 agreement]] that would have transformed Iran into a British protectorate.<ref>{{cite web |title=درباره سیدحسن مدرس ندای حق‌طلبی و آزادی‌خواهی |url=https://www.irna.ir/news/83575572/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87-%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3-%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AD%D9%82-%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A8%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C}}</ref>


In the early 1920s he also played a role in preventing [[Reza Khan]] (the prime minister at the time) from abolishing the monarchy (the [[Qajar dynasty]]) and declaring a republic, and less successfully opposed Reza Khan's deposing of the Qajar dynasty in 1925. Sayyed Modaress was openly critical of Reza Shah's rule and was placed under imprisonment in retaliation for his criticisms. A few years after a November 1926 assassination attempt against him, Modarres was expelled to [[Khvaf|Khaf]] and later to [[Kashmar]].<ref name= "irdc"/>
In 1916, during [[World War I]], he migrated to [[Iraq]], [[Syria]], and [[Turkey]] together with a handful of other politicians, and served as the Minister of Justice in a cabinet formed in exile by Nezam os-Saltaneh. After returning to Iran, he was elected in the Majlis elections a few more times. Modarres fought against the presence of British forces in Persia, vigorously opposing the [[Anglo-Persian Agreement|proposed 1919 agreement]] that would have transformed Iran into a British protectorate.<ref>{{cite web |title=درباره سیدحسن مدرس ندای حق‌طلبی و آزادی‌خواهی |url=https://www.irna.ir/news/83575572/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87-%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3-%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AD%D9%82-%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A8%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C}}</ref>
 
In the early 1920s, he played a role in preventing [[Reza Khan]] (the prime minister at the time) from abolishing the monarchy (the [[Qajar dynasty]]) and declaring a republic, and less successfully opposed Reza Khan's deposing of the Qajar dynasty in 1925. Sayyed Modaress was openly critical of Reza Shah's rule and was placed under imprisonment in retaliation for his criticisms. A few years after a November 1926 assassination attempt against him, Modarres was expelled to [[Khvaf|Khaf]] and later to [[Kashmar]].<ref name= "irdc"/>


[[Ruhollah Khomeini]], who later became the [[Supreme Leader of Iran]] after the [[Iranian Revolution]], was affected by him.<ref>{{cite web |title=شهید مدرس در نگاه امام خمینی(س) |url=http://www.imam-khomeini.ir/fa/n25140/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE/%D8%B4%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AE%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B3_ |website=imam-khomeini}}</ref>
[[Ruhollah Khomeini]], who later became the [[Supreme Leader of Iran]] after the [[Iranian Revolution]], was affected by him.<ref>{{cite web |title=شهید مدرس در نگاه امام خمینی(س) |url=http://www.imam-khomeini.ir/fa/n25140/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE/%D8%B4%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AE%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B3_ |website=imam-khomeini}}</ref>
Line 58: Line 65:
=== Tomb of Hassan Modarres ===
=== Tomb of Hassan Modarres ===
{{Main|Tomb of Hassan Modarres}}
{{Main|Tomb of Hassan Modarres}}
The Tomb of Sayyid Hassan Modarres is the burial site of [[Sayyid]] Hassan Modares, former prime minister of [[Iran]]. It was built in 1937 in [[Kashmar]], Iran, as opposed to using the former tomb of [[Kashmar]] in the vast gardens of Kashmar. The tomb building consists of a central dome, four dock and a dome made of turquoise, in the style of [[Islamic architecture]] and the [[Safavid dynasty]].
The Tomb of Sayyid Hassan Modarres is the burial site of Seyyid Hassan Modarres, former prime minister of [[Iran]]. It was built in 1937 in [[Kashmar]], Iran, as opposed to using the former tomb of Kashmar in the vast gardens of Kashmar. The tomb building consists of a central dome, four dock and a dome made of turquoise, in the style of [[Islamic architecture]] and [[Safavid art|Safavid architecture]].


== Hassan Modarres Museum ==
== Hassan Modarres Museum ==
{{Main|Hassan Modarres Museum}}
{{Main|Hassan Modarres Museum}}
The Hassan Modarres Museum is a Museum belongs to the 21st century and is located in [[Kashmar]], Razavi Khorasan Province in Iran.<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=موزه شهید مدرس؛ نمایشگر بخشی از هویت تاریخی کاشمر|url=https://khorasan.iqna.ir/fa/news/3482563/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87-%D8%B4%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3-%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%87%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B1|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=22 March 2021|work=khorasan.iqna.ir}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=200 اثر در موزه شهيد مدرس نگهداري مي شود|url=https://www.irna.ir/news/82321070/200-%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87-%D8%B4%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3-%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%85%D9%8A-%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%AF|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=22 March 2021|work=[[Islamic Republic News Agency]]}}</ref>{{Css Image Crop|Image = 100 Rials Iranian Bank Note.jpeg|bSize = 220|cWidth = 220|cHeight = 120|oTop = |oLeft = 0|Location = right|Description = On 100 rials banknote}}
The Hassan Modarres Museum is a Museum belongs to the 21st century and is located in [[Kashmar]], Razavi Khorasan province, Iran.<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=موزه شهید مدرس؛ نمایشگر بخشی از هویت تاریخی کاشمر|url=https://khorasan.iqna.ir/fa/news/3482563/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87-%D8%B4%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3-%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%87%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B1|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=22 March 2021|work=khorasan.iqna.ir}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=200 اثر در موزه شهيد مدرس نگهداري مي شود|url=https://www.irna.ir/news/82321070/200-%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87-%D8%B4%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3-%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%85%D9%8A-%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%AF|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=22 March 2021|work=[[Islamic Republic News Agency]]}}</ref>{{Css Image Crop|Image = 100 Rials Iranian Bank Note.jpeg|bSize = 220|cWidth = 220|cHeight = 120|oTop = |oLeft = 0|Location = right|Description = On 100 rials banknote}}


== Reception ==
== Reception ==

Latest revision as of 03:56, 29 September 2025

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Script error: No such module "infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".

Hassan Modarres (Template:Langx; Template:C., SarabehTemplate:Snd1 December 1937, Kashmar) was an Iranian Twelver Shi'a cleric and a notable supporter of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution. He was among the founding members, along with Abdolhossein Teymourtash, of the reformist party Hezb-e Eslaah-talab, which was formed during the fourth national Majlis of Iran. He has been called "brave and incorruptible" and "perhaps the most fervent cleric supporter of true constitutional government".[1]

Biography

The sources disagree on his birthplace. Some mention that he was born in Ardestan around 1870, Script error: No such module "Unsubst". while others mention that he was born in a village named Sarābe-Kachou (Template:Langx) near Ardestan in the early 1870s, and that he moved to Shahreza when he was six.[2]

Activities

Having studied Islamic sciences in Isfahan and Najaf, Modarres became a religious teacher in an Isfahan's madrasa. The name Modarres, which means "teacher", is because of his job there. In 1910, he was chosen by Najaf's cleric community and sent to Tehran to supervise the laws passed by the Majlis, to make sure they did not violate the rules of sharia. Later, in 1914, he was elected as a Majlis representative of Tehran.[3]

File:First world war , iran.jpeg
Modarres, third from left, in the cabinet in exile during World War I

In 1916, during World War I, he migrated to Iraq, Syria, and Turkey together with a handful of other politicians, and served as the Minister of Justice in a cabinet formed in exile by Nezam os-Saltaneh. After returning to Iran, he was elected in the Majlis elections a few more times. Modarres fought against the presence of British forces in Persia, vigorously opposing the proposed 1919 agreement that would have transformed Iran into a British protectorate.[4]

In the early 1920s, he played a role in preventing Reza Khan (the prime minister at the time) from abolishing the monarchy (the Qajar dynasty) and declaring a republic, and less successfully opposed Reza Khan's deposing of the Qajar dynasty in 1925. Sayyed Modaress was openly critical of Reza Shah's rule and was placed under imprisonment in retaliation for his criticisms. A few years after a November 1926 assassination attempt against him, Modarres was expelled to Khaf and later to Kashmar.[3]

Ruhollah Khomeini, who later became the Supreme Leader of Iran after the Iranian Revolution, was affected by him.[5]

Death

He was killed in prison in December 1937. His death is regarded as martyrdom and the martyrdom day (10th of Azar) is known in Iran as Majlis day (day of the parliament). According to Tasnim he was poisoned in prison and then suffocated while praying.[6]

File:Modarres93.JPG
The Tomb of Hassan Modarres

Tomb of Hassan Modarres

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The Tomb of Sayyid Hassan Modarres is the burial site of Seyyid Hassan Modarres, former prime minister of Iran. It was built in 1937 in Kashmar, Iran, as opposed to using the former tomb of Kashmar in the vast gardens of Kashmar. The tomb building consists of a central dome, four dock and a dome made of turquoise, in the style of Islamic architecture and Safavid architecture.

Hassan Modarres Museum

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The Hassan Modarres Museum is a Museum belongs to the 21st century and is located in Kashmar, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran.[7][8]Template:Css Image Crop

Reception

Modarres is depicted on the obverse of the Iranian 100 rials banknote.[9]

See also

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ Mottahedeh, Roy, The Mantle of the Prophet: Religion and Politics in Iran, One World, Oxford, 1985, 2000, p. 224
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Sources

  • The Persian Encyclopedia's entry on Modarres.
  • Mohammad Taghi Bahar, Taarikh-e Mokhtasar-e Ahzaab-e Siaasi-e Iraan (A Short History of Political Parties of Iran), Amirkabir, 1978.
  • Yadegari, Amir Hossein (November 2005). "Siāsatmadār-e Dindār", Hamshahri-e Māh, ("Religious Politician", Our Fellow Citizen) Ābān 1384 A.P., page 4.
  • Abrahamian, Ervand, Iran Between Two Revolutions, Princeton University Press, 1982
  • Mottahedeh, Roy, The Mantle of the Prophet : Religion and Politics in Iran, One World, Oxford, 1985, 2000

External links

Template:Sister project

Template:Persian Constitutional Revolution Persions

Template:Authority control

Retrieved from "http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?title=Hassan_Modarres&oldid=5419601"