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{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Reus
| name                    = Reus
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| leader_party            = [[Socialists' Party of Catalonia |PSC]]
| leader_party            = [[Socialists' Party of Catalonia|PSC]]
| leader_title            = [[Mayor]]
| leader_title            = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name            = Sandra Guaita (2023)<ref name=municat>{{cite web|url=http://aplicacions.municat.gencat.cat/index.php?page=consulta&mostraEns=4312330008|title=Ajuntament de Reus|publisher=[[Generalitat of Catalonia]]|access-date=2015-11-13}}</ref>
| leader_name            = Sandra Guaita (2023)<ref name=municat>{{cite web|url=http://aplicacions.municat.gencat.cat/index.php?page=consulta&mostraEns=4312330008|title=Ajuntament de Reus|publisher=[[Generalitat of Catalonia]]|access-date=2015-11-13}}</ref>
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'''Reus''' ({{IPA|ca|ˈrɛws}}) is the capital of [[Baix Camp]], in [[Camp de Tarragona]], [[Catalonia]], Spain. The area has long been an important producer of wines and spirits, and gained continental significance during the time of the [[Phylloxera]] plague. Currently it is known for its commercial activity, as a center for rock climbing, and as the birthplace of architect [[Antoni Gaudí]].
'''Reus''' ({{IPA|ca|ˈrɛws}}) is the capital of [[Baix Camp]], in [[Camp de Tarragona]], [[Catalonia]], [[Spain]]. It has a population of {{Population WD}}.
 
Reus is a producer of [[Alcoholic beverage|wines and spirits]], and gained significance during the [[Phylloxera]] plague. Currently it is known for its commercial activity, as a center for [[rock climbing]], and as the birthplace of architect [[Antoni Gaudí]].


==Name==
==Name==


The origin of the name ''Reus'' is a subject of debate. One of the theories is that Reus comes from the [[Latin]] word used to describe convict prisoners (''reus''), and as such, it would be a Roman penitentiary. Currently, the most accepted theory is that the name has [[Celtic languages|Celtic]] roots, from the root ''red'' that originated the name ''redis'' (or ''reddis''), that approximately meaning 'place on the way' or 'crossroads settlement', or said alternatively, an inhabited place in a cross-road.
The origin of the name ''Reus'' is a subject of debate. One theory is that Reus comes from the [[Latin]] word used to describe convict prisoners (''reus''), and as such, it would be a Roman [[Prison|penitentiary]]. Currently, the most accepted theory is that the name has [[Celtic languages|Celtic]] roots, from the root ''red'' that originated the name ''redis'' (or ''reddis''), that approximately meaning 'place on the way' or 'crossroads settlement.'


==History==
==History==
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=== Foundation and early history ===
=== Foundation and early history ===


Around 1150 [[Robert d'Aguiló]] repopulated the region of Reus, after receiving it on 3 June 1154. On 5 June 1154 the [[archbishop of Tarragona]] gave two-thirds of Reus to [[Bertran de Castellet]], as a [[castellan]], with the order to build a church. On 29 June 1159, the distribution of income from ecclesiastical goods, the third of its Reus parish of Santa Maria was awarded to the camerlengo, starting the duplicity of governing the town. At this time the city was known as Redis or '''Reddis'''. The castellan [[Bernat de Bell-lloc]] granted Reus the title of town on 3 August 1183, giving the ownership of houses and gardens, establishing a [[census]] to fund  farmland but reserved legal authority, but recognizing its [[vassalage]] towards the archbishopric of Tarragona. On 2 June 1186 the camerlengo [[Joan de Santboi]] confirmed the rights given by the castellan Bernard de Bell-lloc.
{{circa}} 1150 [[Robert d'Aguiló]] repopulated the region of Reus, after receiving it on 3 June 1154. On 5 June 1154 the [[archbishop of Tarragona]] gave two-thirds of Reus to [[Bertran de Castellet]], as a [[castellan]], with the order to build a church. At this time the city was known as Redis or '''Reddis'''. The castellan [[Bernat de Bell-lloc]] granted Reus the title of town on 3 August 1183, establishing a [[census]] to fund  farmland and recognizing the town’s [[vassalage]] towards the archbishopric of Tarragona. On 2 June 1186 the camerlengo [[Joan de Santboi]] confirmed the rights of Reus to town status.


===Camerlengo, Popes and Archbishops of Tarragona===
===Camerlengo, Popes and Archbishops of Tarragona===
In 1305 Reus revolted against the Archbishop [[Rodrigo Tello]], who wanted the citizens of Reus to pay for rebuilding the walls of [[Tarragona]]. In 1309 the king of Aragon gave Reus the right to hold a market on Mondays. The dynasty of Bell-lloc castellans became extinct in 1327 and then [[Bernard de Cabrera]] became the new castellan, but in 1335 the castellan was sold to [[Pere Mulet]], who lost it on 1345. Pere Mulet heirs sold their rights to [[Bernat d'Olzinelles]] in 1349. The camerlengo [[Pere Roger de Belfort]] disputed domain to the Archbishop [[López de Ayerbe]], who sent an army that decimated the town. A second attack was repulsed. A third attack was led by military occupation of the town and Reus was sacked. The camerlengo Pere Roger de Belfort, nephew of Pope [[Clement VI]], who was living in [[Avignon]] with his uncle, persuaded the Pope to call the [[archbishop of Tarragona]] and the [[Pope]] received a commitment for peace.
In 1305 Reus revolted against the Archbishop [[Rodrigo Tello]], who wanted the citizens of Reus to pay for rebuilding the walls of [[Tarragona]]. In 1309 the king of Aragon gave Reus the right to hold a market on Mondays. [[Bernard de Cabrera]] became the new castellan, but in 1335 the castellan was sold to [[Pere Mulet]], whose heirs sold their title to [[Bernat d'Olzinelles]] in 1349. The camerlengo [[Pere Roger de Belfort]] disputed the domain to the Archbishop [[López de Ayerbe]], who sent an army that attacked Reus. A second attack was repulsed. A third attack led to military occupation of the town. The camerlengo Pere Roger de Belfort, nephew of Pope [[Clement VI]], persuaded the Pope to call the [[archbishop of Tarragona]] and the [[Pope]] received a commitment for peace.
Pere Roger de Belfort gave the roses off his coat to coat of arms of the town and he later became Pope [[Gregory XI]], he retained the title as a camerlengo of Reus, so the coat of arms was crowned and adorned with, a papal tiara and the keys of St. Peter.
Pere Roger de Belfort added his rose to coat of arms of the town and when he became Pope [[Gregory XI]], he added a [[papal tiara]] and the [[Keys of Heaven|keys of St. Peter]] to the town’s coat of arms.
[[File:Rosa5.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Coat of arms, 1567]]
[[File:Rosa5.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Coat of arms, 1567]]


===Catalan Revolt war and the Archduke Charles===
===Catalan Revolt war and the Archduke Charles===
At the beginning of the [[Reapers' War|Catalan Revolt war]] the town had 1200 houses, but reduced to 800 by the end of the war. On 16 December 1640 was declared an enemy of the fatherland by the Parliament and confiscated the goods of the inhabitants, as a response to the inactive participation in the war. In 1641 it was occupied by the French general [[Philippe de La Mothe-Houdancourt|La Mothe]].
In 1641 the town was occupied by the French general [[Philippe de La Mothe-Houdancourt|La Mothe]].


Reus was loyal to [[Philip V of Spain|Philip V]] until 1705, but this year, under the direction of [[Joan Nebot]], revolted in favor of the [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Archduke Charles]]. On 3 July 1706 the [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Archduke Charles]] came to the town. In 1707 fell shortly to the [[House of Bourbon|Bourbons]], but in 1709 Reus surrendered to the [[House of Bourbon|Spanish and French Bourbons]]. In 1710 Reus returned again to the field of [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Archduke Charles]]. On 5 June 1712 the wife of the Archduke, [[Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Elisabeth Christine]], gave the title of [[imperial city]] to Reus. In 1713 Reus was occupied finally by the [[House of Bourbon|Bourbon]].
Reus was loyal to [[Philip V of Spain|Philip V]] until 1705, but the town, led by [[Joan Nebot]], revolted in favor of the [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Archduke Charles]]. On 3 July 1706 [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Archduke Charles]] came to the town. In 1707 the town fell to the [[House of Bourbon|Bourbons]]. In 1710 Reus returned to the control of [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Archduke Charles]]. On 5 June 1712 the wife of the Archduke, [[Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Elisabeth Christine]], gave the title of [[imperial city]] to Reus. In 1713 Reus was occupied finally by the [[House of Bourbon|Bourbon]].


===Growth in the eighteenth century===
===Growth in the eighteenth century===
In the eighteenth century Reus had extreme growth and became the second city of the [[principality of Catalonia]]. The walls were completely demolished in 1766. The town developed the textile trade and the [[liquor]] trade. In this last contribution was the first center, the others were [[London]] and [[Paris]]. From this time it's the popular sentence "Reus, Paris and London”, because Reus was one of the centers of the liquor marquet. The construction of a canal between Reus and Salou, proposed by [[Pere Sunyer]] was granted in 1805, but it was stopped because of the [[Peninsular War|French War]]. At this time Reus had consulates in the United States, [[Liguria]], England, [[Holland]], [[Sweden]], [[Republic of Ragusa|Ragusa]], [[Denmark]], [[Sicily]], the [[Papal States]], France, [[Portugal]], [[Naples]] and [[Prussia]].
In the eighteenth century Reus had extreme growth and became the second city of the [[principality of Catalonia]]. The walls were demolished in 1766. The town developed the [[Textile manufacturing|textile]] trade and the [[liquor]] trade. Reus, along with [[London]] and [[Paris]], were considered centers of liquor production. The rights to construction of a canal between Reus and [[Salou]], proposed by [[Pere Sunyer]] were granted in 1805, but construction was stopped because of the [[Peninsular War|French War]]. At this time Reus had consulates in the United States, [[Liguria]], [[England]], [[Holland]], [[Sweden]], [[Republic of Ragusa|Ragusa]], [[Denmark]], [[Sicily]], the [[Papal States]], [[France]], [[Portugal]], [[Naples]] and [[Prussia]].


=== 19th and 20th centuries ===
=== 19th and 20th centuries ===
[[File:FrancoenReus.jpg|right|250px|thumb|[[Francisco Franco]] in Reus, 1940]]
[[File:FrancoenReus.jpg|right|250px|thumb|[[Francisco Franco]] in Reus, 1940]]
In 1854 the [[Reus Gas Company]] was founded. In 1856 the railway between Reus and Tarragona was built. In 1884 the [[Catalan Association of Reus]] was founded and in 1893 was celebrated the Assembly of the [[Unió Catalana]]. In 1886 [[Pau Font de Rubinat]] founded the Catalan newspaper ''[[Lo Somatent]]''. In 1895 the [[phylloxera]] killed big areas of [[vineyards]] in the region of Reus and many of these areas switched to growing [[hazelnuts]].
In 1854 the [[Reus Gas Company]] was founded. In 1856 the railway between Reus and Tarragona was built. In 1884 the [[Catalan Association of Reus]] was founded, and in 1893 the Assembly of the [[Unió Catalana]] met in Reus. In 1886 [[Pau Font de Rubinat]] founded the Catalan newspaper ''[[Lo Somatent]]''. In 1895 the [[phylloxera]] killed big areas of [[vineyards]] in the region of Reus and many of these areas started growing [[hazelnuts]].


In 1931 Reus voted for the [[Second Spanish Republic|republic]]. In 1936 [[Francisco Franco]] bombed the city until his rebel army occupied the city on 15 January 1939, starting with the dictatorship of Franco until his death in 1975.
In 1931 Reus voted for the [[Second Spanish Republic|republic]]. In 1936 [[Francisco Franco]] bombed the city until his rebel army occupied the city on 15 January 1939, starting the [[Francoist Spain|dictatorship of Franco]] until his death in 1975.


The first democratic mayor after Franco was [[Carles Martí Massagué]], lawyer of Reus. In 1983 [[Anton Borrell Marcó]] was the new mayor of the city, but he died in a car accident on the road from Reus to Cambrils, then his successor was [[Juan Maria Roig]]. After him, [[Josep Abelló Padró]] was the mayor until 1999, replaced by [[Lluís Miquel Pérez Segura]], who occupied the position until 2011, when the current mayor, [[Carles Pellicer i Punyed]], started.
The first democratic mayor after Franco was [[Carles Martí Massagué]], a lawyer from Reus. In 1983 [[Anton Borrell Marcó]] was the new mayor of the city, but he died in a car accident on the road from Reus to [[Cambrils]]. His successor was [[Juan Maria Roig]]. After him, [[Josep Abelló Padró]] was the mayor until 1999, replaced by [[Lluís Miquel Pérez Segura]], who occupied the position until 2011, when the current mayor, [[Carles Pellicer i Punyed]], started.


==Demography==
==Demography==
Reus was for long the second city of [[Catalonia]] with a population of 14,440 in 1787 and 27,257 in 1860. It was overtaken by [[Tarragona]] and [[Lleida]] between 1900 and 1930. The population barely grew between 1920 and 1930, with 30,266 and 35,950 inhabitants, respectively. From then, the population growth has been substantial, from 41,014 inhabitants in 1960 to 108,100 inhabitants that the city has as of the end of 2008. [[Immigration]], mostly from [[Marrakesh]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2015/03/01/387481590/spains-muslim-business-owners-feel-squeezed-by-new-zoning-proposals|title=Spain's Muslim Business Owners Feel Squeezed By New Zoning Proposals|last=Benzawi|first=Nouari|website=NPR.org|language=en|access-date=2019-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ourworld.unu.edu/en/catalonia-deportation-case-brings-identity-politics-in-spain-to-new-low|title=Catalonia Deportation Case Brings 'Identity Politics' in Spain to New Low - Our World|website=ourworld.unu.edu|access-date=2019-01-18}}</ref> has been a portion of that increase. About 6% are Muslim and 8% from other religions.
Reus was for long the second city of [[Catalonia]] with a population of 14,440 in 1787 and 27,257 in 1860. It was overtaken by [[Tarragona]] and [[Lleida]] between 1900 and 1930. The population barely grew between 1920 and 1930, with 30,266 and 35,950 inhabitants, respectively. From then, the population growth has been substantial, from 41,014 inhabitants in 1960 to 108,100 inhabitants that the city has as of the end of 2008. [[Immigration]], mostly from [[Marrakesh]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2015/03/01/387481590/spains-muslim-business-owners-feel-squeezed-by-new-zoning-proposals|title=Spain's Muslim Business Owners Feel Squeezed By New Zoning Proposals|last=Benzawi|first=Nouari|website=NPR.org|date=March 2015 |language=en|access-date=2019-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ourworld.unu.edu/en/catalonia-deportation-case-brings-identity-politics-in-spain-to-new-low|title=Catalonia Deportation Case Brings 'Identity Politics' in Spain to New Low - Our World|website=ourworld.unu.edu|access-date=2019-01-18}}</ref> has been a portion of that increase. About 6% are Muslim and 8% from other religions.


According to the 2006 official Spanish [[census]] (source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística), Reus is the 9th most populous city in Catalonia and the 59th in Spain.
According to the 2006 official [[National Statistics Institute (Spain)|Spanish census]], Reus is the 9th most populous city in Catalonia and the 59th in Spain.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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==Festivities==
==Festivities==
[[Image:Nanos de Reus 02.jpg|right|thumb|The "Nanos" of Reus.]]
[[Image:Nanos de Reus 02.jpg|right|thumb|The "Nanos" of Reus.]]
The principal Reus festivity is ''Sant Pere'' on 29 June, declared of National Touristic Interest. One of the most characteristic and popular acts of these festivities is the so-called ''tronada'', which is a series of 29 little mortars ''masclets'' with bangers interleaved, arranged linearly around the ''Mercadal'' square (where the city hall is located), united by a hand craft gunpowder line. This line ends in a square shape in front of the city hall, with more bangers and 9 more ''masclets''. Also, on September 25, the ''Mare de Déu de la Misericòrdia'' is held.
The principal Reus festivity is ''Sant Pere'' on 29 June, declared of National Touristic Interest. On September 25, the ''Mare de Déu de la Misericòrdia'' is held.


Other noteworthy festivities are the [[Carnival]] and the ''Anada a l'Antiga'' towards [[Salou]]. Most of the neighborhoods have their own festivities.
Other noteworthy festivities are the [[Carnival]] and the ''Anada a l'Antiga'' towards [[Salou]]. Most of the neighborhoods have their own festivities.


Besides the major festivities, Reus holds many festivals, for example ''Cos'', a festival dedicated to mime, or ''El Trapezi'', a festival with circus spectacles. In every odd numbered year the Reus Institut Municipal d’Accio Cultural presents the ''Biennals Internacionals de Fotografia Medalla Gaudi''. This bi-annual exhibition features fine art photographers from around the world working in Alternative Photographic Processes (such as Platinum Printing, Gum Dichromate, Etc.). At each Biennal they award the Medalla Gaudi award to a select few artists and purchase their work for the Institut Municipal d’Accio Cultural's permanent collection.
Besides the major festivities, Reus holds many festivals, such as ''Cos'', a festival dedicated to mime, or ''El Trapezi'', a festival with circus spectacles. In every odd numbered year the Reus Institut Municipal d'Accio Cultural presents the ''Biennals Internacionals de Fotografia Medalla Gaudi''. This bi-annual exhibition features fine art photographers from around the world working in Alternative Photographic Processes (such as Platinum Printing, Gum Dichromate, Etc.). At each Biennal they award the Medalla Gaudi award to a select few artists and purchase their work for the Institut Municipal d'Accio Cultural's permanent collection.


==Main sights==
==Sights==
[[File:Casa Navas.Domenech Muntaner-01.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Casa Navàs.]]
[[File:Casa Navas.Domenech Muntaner-01.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Casa Navàs.]]
[[File:DiM-Reus-CasaRull.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Casa Rull.]]
[[File:DiM-Reus-CasaRull.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Casa Rull.]]
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==Sport==
==Sport==
The city has a [[roller hockey (quad)|roller hockey]] team [[Reus Deportiu]], one of the most important in Spain, and dispute the main league [[OK Liga]].
The city has a [[roller hockey (quad)|roller hockey]] team [[Reus Deportiu]], outside of the main league, [[OK Liga]].


The [[association football]] team was [[CF Reus Deportiu]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tarragonadigital.com/tags/cf-reus-deportiu|title=CF Reus Deportiu|last=tarragonadigital.com|website=tarragonadigital.com|language=ca|access-date=2018-12-05}}</ref>
The [[association football]] team was [[CF Reus Deportiu]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tarragonadigital.com/tags/cf-reus-deportiu|title=CF Reus Deportiu|last=tarragonadigital.com|website=tarragonadigital.com|language=ca|access-date=2018-12-05}}</ref>
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==Tourism==
==Tourism==
[[File:Reus - Ajuntament - 01.jpg|right|200px|thumb|The market square.]]
[[File:Reus - Ajuntament - 01.jpg|right|200px|thumb|The market square.]]
In recent years,{{when|date=April 2023}} tourism in Reus has expanded as more and more people come to the [[Costa Daurada]] region for their summer holidays or some winter sun. Nowadays, the largest group of tourists comes from Russia, followed by France and Holland.<ref>Tourism in Reus|http://www.reusdigital.cat/index.php?command=show_news&news_id=14564</ref>
In recent years,{{when|date=April 2023}} tourism in Reus expanded as more and more people come to the [[Costa Daurada]] region. Nowadays, the largest group of tourists comes from Russia, followed by France and Holland.<ref>Tourism in Reus|http://www.reusdigital.cat/index.php?command=show_news&news_id=14564</ref>


Reus is close to the resort town of [[Salou, Spain|Salou]] and one of Europe's biggest theme resort at [[PortAventura World]]. Tour companies and buses operate services to Reus from tourist destinations in the region such as [[Salou]], La Pineda and [[Cambrils]].
Reus is close to the resort town of [[Salou, Spain|Salou]] and one of Europe's biggest theme resorts is at [[PortAventura World]]. Tour companies and buses operate services to Reus from tourist destinations in the region such as [[Salou]], La Pineda, and [[Cambrils]].


The accommodation in Reus consists of small hotels, hostels, and major chained hotels owned by [[NH Hoteles]] and Hotusa Group.
The accommodation in Reus consists of small hotels, hostels, and major chained hotels owned by [[NH Hoteles]] and Hotusa Group.


Recently, {{when|date=April 2023}} [[Reus Airport]] has started to receive low cost flights from [[Ryanair]] that fly to Reus from many different European locations and North Africa. The airport also receives major charter flights from the [[United Kingdom]]. [[Barcelona Airport]] is another airport which serves the area for those destinations not served by [[Reus Airport]].
Recently, {{when|date=April 2023}} [[Reus Airport]] has started to receive low cost flights from [[Ryanair]] that fly to Reus from many different European and North African locations. The airport also receives charter flights from the [[United Kingdom]]. [[Barcelona Airport]] also carries passengers into Reus.


==Transport==
==Transport==
The city is served by [[Reus Airport]].
The city is served by [[Reus Airport]] which only provides flights to limited European destinations. However, residents in the city would also use [[Josep Tarradellas Barcelona–El Prat Airport]] as it provides more domestic and international destinations. The airport is located {{convert|96|km|0|abbr=on}} east of the city centre.


==Flag of Reus==
==Flag of Reus==
The first [[flag]] of Reus was in use from 1774 to 1943. The flag was dark red with the city arms in the centre.
The first [[flag]] of Reus was in use from 1774 to 1943. The flag was dark red with the city arms in the centre.


In 1943 the flag was changed because the color red seemed to be associated with the left, defeated in the civil war (1936–39). As the historic city arms were argent with a heraldic rose the new flag was white with a heraldic rose in the center. Minor changes to the rose in the flag were made after 1943.
In 1943 the flag was changed because the color red seemed to be associated with the [[Second Spanish Republic|left]], defeated in the [[Spanish Civil War]] (1936–39). As the historic city arms were argent with a heraldic rose the new flag was white with a heraldic rose in the center. Minor changes to the rose in the flag were made after 1943.


Currently the rose has a new version, taken from the city emblem. The emblem itself has official status. This presumably also applies to the flag, but this has not been confirmed by the local government.
The rose was changed, with the version taken from the city emblem. The emblem itself has official status.


==Notable people==
==Notable people==
* [[Antònia Abelló]] (1913-1984), political activist, journalist, feminist
* [[Antònia Abelló]] (1913–1984), political activist, journalist, feminist
* [[Ramon Bosc]] (1300s–1416), Catalan priest and writer in Latin
* [[Ramon Bosc]] (1300s–1416), Catalan priest and writer in Latin
* [[José Brocá]] (1805–1882), guitarist and composer
* [[José Brocá]] (1805–1882), guitarist and composer
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{{commons category|Reus}}
{{commons category|Reus}}
* [http://www.reus.cat/ Official website]
* [http://www.reus.cat/ Official website]
* [http://turisme.reus.cat/RT_home?lang=en Official Reus Tourist Website]
* [http://turisme.reus.cat/RT_home?lang=en Official Reus Tourist Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110528221430/http://turisme.reus.cat/RT_home?lang=en |date=2011-05-28 }}
* [http://aplicacions.municat.gencat.cat/index.php?page=consulta&mostraEns=4312330008 Government data pages] {{in lang|ca}}
* [http://aplicacions.municat.gencat.cat/index.php?page=consulta&mostraEns=4312330008 Government data pages] {{in lang|ca}}


Latest revision as of 03:51, 3 November 2025

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Reus (Script error: No such module "IPA".) is the capital of Baix Camp, in Camp de Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain. It has a population of Template:Population WD.

Reus is a producer of wines and spirits, and gained significance during the Phylloxera plague. Currently it is known for its commercial activity, as a center for rock climbing, and as the birthplace of architect Antoni Gaudí.

Name

The origin of the name Reus is a subject of debate. One theory is that Reus comes from the Latin word used to describe convict prisoners (reus), and as such, it would be a Roman penitentiary. Currently, the most accepted theory is that the name has Celtic roots, from the root red that originated the name redis (or reddis), that approximately meaning 'place on the way' or 'crossroads settlement.'

History

Foundation and early history

Template:Circa 1150 Robert d'Aguiló repopulated the region of Reus, after receiving it on 3 June 1154. On 5 June 1154 the archbishop of Tarragona gave two-thirds of Reus to Bertran de Castellet, as a castellan, with the order to build a church. At this time the city was known as Redis or Reddis. The castellan Bernat de Bell-lloc granted Reus the title of town on 3 August 1183, establishing a census to fund farmland and recognizing the town’s vassalage towards the archbishopric of Tarragona. On 2 June 1186 the camerlengo Joan de Santboi confirmed the rights of Reus to town status.

Camerlengo, Popes and Archbishops of Tarragona

In 1305 Reus revolted against the Archbishop Rodrigo Tello, who wanted the citizens of Reus to pay for rebuilding the walls of Tarragona. In 1309 the king of Aragon gave Reus the right to hold a market on Mondays. Bernard de Cabrera became the new castellan, but in 1335 the castellan was sold to Pere Mulet, whose heirs sold their title to Bernat d'Olzinelles in 1349. The camerlengo Pere Roger de Belfort disputed the domain to the Archbishop López de Ayerbe, who sent an army that attacked Reus. A second attack was repulsed. A third attack led to military occupation of the town. The camerlengo Pere Roger de Belfort, nephew of Pope Clement VI, persuaded the Pope to call the archbishop of Tarragona and the Pope received a commitment for peace. Pere Roger de Belfort added his rose to coat of arms of the town and when he became Pope Gregory XI, he added a papal tiara and the keys of St. Peter to the town’s coat of arms.

File:Rosa5.jpg
Coat of arms, 1567

Catalan Revolt war and the Archduke Charles

In 1641 the town was occupied by the French general La Mothe.

Reus was loyal to Philip V until 1705, but the town, led by Joan Nebot, revolted in favor of the Archduke Charles. On 3 July 1706 Archduke Charles came to the town. In 1707 the town fell to the Bourbons. In 1710 Reus returned to the control of Archduke Charles. On 5 June 1712 the wife of the Archduke, Elisabeth Christine, gave the title of imperial city to Reus. In 1713 Reus was occupied finally by the Bourbon.

Growth in the eighteenth century

In the eighteenth century Reus had extreme growth and became the second city of the principality of Catalonia. The walls were demolished in 1766. The town developed the textile trade and the liquor trade. Reus, along with London and Paris, were considered centers of liquor production. The rights to construction of a canal between Reus and Salou, proposed by Pere Sunyer were granted in 1805, but construction was stopped because of the French War. At this time Reus had consulates in the United States, Liguria, England, Holland, Sweden, Ragusa, Denmark, Sicily, the Papal States, France, Portugal, Naples and Prussia.

19th and 20th centuries

File:FrancoenReus.jpg
Francisco Franco in Reus, 1940

In 1854 the Reus Gas Company was founded. In 1856 the railway between Reus and Tarragona was built. In 1884 the Catalan Association of Reus was founded, and in 1893 the Assembly of the Unió Catalana met in Reus. In 1886 Pau Font de Rubinat founded the Catalan newspaper Lo Somatent. In 1895 the phylloxera killed big areas of vineyards in the region of Reus and many of these areas started growing hazelnuts.

In 1931 Reus voted for the republic. In 1936 Francisco Franco bombed the city until his rebel army occupied the city on 15 January 1939, starting the dictatorship of Franco until his death in 1975.

The first democratic mayor after Franco was Carles Martí Massagué, a lawyer from Reus. In 1983 Anton Borrell Marcó was the new mayor of the city, but he died in a car accident on the road from Reus to Cambrils. His successor was Juan Maria Roig. After him, Josep Abelló Padró was the mayor until 1999, replaced by Lluís Miquel Pérez Segura, who occupied the position until 2011, when the current mayor, Carles Pellicer i Punyed, started.

Demography

Reus was for long the second city of Catalonia with a population of 14,440 in 1787 and 27,257 in 1860. It was overtaken by Tarragona and Lleida between 1900 and 1930. The population barely grew between 1920 and 1930, with 30,266 and 35,950 inhabitants, respectively. From then, the population growth has been substantial, from 41,014 inhabitants in 1960 to 108,100 inhabitants that the city has as of the end of 2008. Immigration, mostly from Marrakesh,[1][2] has been a portion of that increase. About 6% are Muslim and 8% from other religions.

According to the 2006 official Spanish census, Reus is the 9th most populous city in Catalonia and the 59th in Spain.

1900 1930 1950 1970 1986 2006 2011
26,681 31,299 35,950 59,904 81,145 101,767 106,709

Climate

Reus has a hot-summer mediterranean climate (Csa on the Köppen climate classification), bordering on a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen: BSk).[3] It has mild, moderately dry winters and hot, dry, moderately muggy summers. Autumn is the rainiest season of the year, especially due to the cold drop that occur in the months of September and October.

Template:Weather box

Economy

File:Bottle of Fot-Li Vermouth (Catalonia, Spain).jpg
Fot-Li Vermouth is made and bottled in Reus[4]

During the 19th and 20th centuries Reus became known as one of the world's major centers of liquor production, and was home to over 30 producers of vermouth.[5] Today Reus is home to major exporters of vermouth including Yzaguirre, Iris (Muller), Miró, and Fot-Li.[5][4]

Festivities

File:Nanos de Reus 02.jpg
The "Nanos" of Reus.

The principal Reus festivity is Sant Pere on 29 June, declared of National Touristic Interest. On September 25, the Mare de Déu de la Misericòrdia is held.

Other noteworthy festivities are the Carnival and the Anada a l'Antiga towards Salou. Most of the neighborhoods have their own festivities.

Besides the major festivities, Reus holds many festivals, such as Cos, a festival dedicated to mime, or El Trapezi, a festival with circus spectacles. In every odd numbered year the Reus Institut Municipal d'Accio Cultural presents the Biennals Internacionals de Fotografia Medalla Gaudi. This bi-annual exhibition features fine art photographers from around the world working in Alternative Photographic Processes (such as Platinum Printing, Gum Dichromate, Etc.). At each Biennal they award the Medalla Gaudi award to a select few artists and purchase their work for the Institut Municipal d'Accio Cultural's permanent collection.

Sights

File:Casa Navas.Domenech Muntaner-01.jpg
Casa Navàs.
File:DiM-Reus-CasaRull.jpg
Casa Rull.
File:Escoles Prat de la Riba.jpg
Escoles Prat de la Riba, designed by Pere Caselles i Tarrats (1911).

Catalan Modernist edifices

The city of Reus has many Catalan modernist buildings. Although Antoni Gaudí was born in Reus, there are no buildings designed by him; there are, however, numerous modernist buildings from his colleagues as Lluís Domènech i Montaner, Pere Caselles i Tarrats and Pere Domènech Roura.

Other sights

  • Castell del Cambrer
  • Campanar de Reus
  • Town Hall
  • Palau Bofarull
  • Centre de Lectura
  • Museu Salvador Vila-seca
  • Teatre Fortuny
  • Gaudí Centre

Sport

The city has a roller hockey team Reus Deportiu, outside of the main league, OK Liga.

The association football team was CF Reus Deportiu.[6]

The Barcelona Dragons of the European League of Football plan to play their home games at the local Estadi Municipal.

Tourism

File:Reus - Ajuntament - 01.jpg
The market square.

In recent years,Template:When tourism in Reus expanded as more and more people come to the Costa Daurada region. Nowadays, the largest group of tourists comes from Russia, followed by France and Holland.[7]

Reus is close to the resort town of Salou and one of Europe's biggest theme resorts is at PortAventura World. Tour companies and buses operate services to Reus from tourist destinations in the region such as Salou, La Pineda, and Cambrils.

The accommodation in Reus consists of small hotels, hostels, and major chained hotels owned by NH Hoteles and Hotusa Group.

Recently, Template:When Reus Airport has started to receive low cost flights from Ryanair that fly to Reus from many different European and North African locations. The airport also receives charter flights from the United Kingdom. Barcelona Airport also carries passengers into Reus.

Transport

The city is served by Reus Airport which only provides flights to limited European destinations. However, residents in the city would also use Josep Tarradellas Barcelona–El Prat Airport as it provides more domestic and international destinations. The airport is located Template:Convert east of the city centre.

Flag of Reus

The first flag of Reus was in use from 1774 to 1943. The flag was dark red with the city arms in the centre.

In 1943 the flag was changed because the color red seemed to be associated with the left, defeated in the Spanish Civil War (1936–39). As the historic city arms were argent with a heraldic rose the new flag was white with a heraldic rose in the center. Minor changes to the rose in the flag were made after 1943.

The rose was changed, with the version taken from the city emblem. The emblem itself has official status.

Notable people

Twin cities

Reus is twinned with:[8]

References

  • Panareda Clopés, Josep Maria; Rios Calvet, Jaume; Rabella Vives, Josep Maria (1989). Guia de Catalunya, Barcelona: Caixa de Catalunya. Template:ISBN (Spanish). Template:ISBN (Catalan).

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External links

Template:Sister project

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Climate Summary for Reus, Spain
  4. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Tourism in Reus|http://www.reusdigital.cat/index.php?command=show_news&news_id=14564
  8. ↑ [1], sister cities in website of City Council of Reus
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