Iamblichus: Difference between revisions

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{{short description|Syrian Neoplatonist philosopher (c. 245 – c. 325)}}
{{short description|Neoplatonist philosopher and mystic (c. 245 – c. 325)}}
{{other people}}
{{other people}}
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{{more footnotes needed|date=November 2021}}
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'''Iamblichus''' ({{IPAc-en|aɪ|ˈ|æ|m|b|l|ɪ|k|ə|s}} {{respell|eye|AM|blik|əs}}; {{langx|grc|Ἰάμβλιχος|Iámblichos}}; {{langx|arc|𐡉𐡌𐡋𐡊𐡅|Yamlīkū|label=[[Aramaic]]}};<ref name="Aydin2016">{{cite book | author = Sami Aydin | date = 29 August 2016 | title = Sergius of Reshaina: Introduction to Aristotle and his Categories, Addressed to Philotheos | publisher = BRILL | pages = 183– | isbn = 978-90-04-32514-2 | oclc = 1001224459 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S_I6DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA183}}</ref><ref>Gawlikowski, M. The Journal of Roman Studies, vol. 84, [Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, Cambridge University Press], 1994, pp. 244–46, https://doi.org/10.2307/300919.</ref> {{circa|245<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dillon |first1=John M. |title=Iamblichi Chalcidensis in Platonis Dialogos Commentariorum Fragmenta |date=2009 |publisher=The Prometheus Trust |location=Wiltshire, UK |isbn=978-1-898910-45-9 |page=3 |edition=Revised Second}}</ref>|325}}) was an Arab [[Coele Syria (Roman province)|Syrian]] [[Neoplatonism|neoplatonic]] [[Ancient Roman philosophy|philosopher]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Graindor|first1=Paul|last2=Grégoire|first2=Henri|title=Byzantion: Revue Internationale Des Études Byzantines|date=1999|publisher=Fondation Byzantine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D0FoAAAAMAAJ|language=en}}</ref> He determined a direction later taken by neoplatonism. Iamblichus was also the biographer of the Greek mystic, philosopher, and mathematician [[Pythagoras]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EB5UvHrdMpsC|title=Iamblichus' Life of Pythagoras|last=Iamblichus|date=December 1986|publisher=Inner Traditions / Bear & Co|isbn=9780892811526|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofpythagoras00iamb|title=The life of Pythagoras;|last1=Iamblichus|last2=Taylor|first2=Thomas|date=1918|publisher=Krotona; Hollywood, Calif. : Theosophical Pub. House|others=Internet Archive}}</ref> In addition to his philosophical contributions, his {{transliteration|grc|Protrepticus}} is important for the study of the [[sophist]]s because it preserved about ten pages of an otherwise unknown sophist known as the Anonymus Iamblichi.<ref>B. Cassin, 'Anonymus Iamblichi', in [[Brill's New Pauly]]</ref>
'''Iamblichus''' ({{IPAc-en|aɪ|ˈ|æ|m|b|l|ɪ|k|ə|s}} {{respell|eye|AM|blik|əs}}; {{langx|grc|Ἰάμβλιχος|Iámblichos}}; {{langx|arc|𐡉𐡌𐡋𐡊𐡅|Yamlīkū|label=[[Aramaic]]}};<ref name="Aydin2016">{{cite book | author = Sami Aydin | date = 29 August 2016 | title = Sergius of Reshaina: Introduction to Aristotle and his Categories, Addressed to Philotheos | publisher = BRILL | pages = 183– | isbn = 978-90-04-32514-2 | oclc = 1001224459 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S_I6DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA183}}</ref><ref>Gawlikowski, M. The Journal of Roman Studies, vol. 84, [Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, Cambridge University Press], 1994, pp. 244–46, https://doi.org/10.2307/300919.</ref> {{circa|245<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dillon |first1=John M. |title=Iamblichi Chalcidensis in Platonis Dialogos Commentariorum Fragmenta |date=2009 |publisher=The Prometheus Trust |location=Wiltshire, UK |isbn=978-1-898910-45-9 |page=3 |edition=Revised Second}}</ref>|325}}) was a [[Neoplatonism|Neoplatonist]] [[Ancient Roman philosophy|philosopher]] who determined a direction later taken by Neoplatonism. Iamblichus was also the biographer of the Greek mystic, philosopher, and mathematician [[Pythagoras]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EB5UvHrdMpsC|title=Iamblichus' Life of Pythagoras|last=Iamblichus|date=December 1986|publisher=Inner Traditions / Bear & Co|isbn=9780892811526|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofpythagoras00iamb|title=The life of Pythagoras;|last1=Iamblichus|last2=Taylor|first2=Thomas|date=1918|publisher=Krotona; Hollywood, Calif. : Theosophical Pub. House|others=Internet Archive}}</ref> In addition to his philosophical contributions, his {{transliteration|grc|Protrepticus}} is important for the study of the [[sophist]]s because it preserved about ten pages of an otherwise unknown sophist known as the Anonymus Iamblichi.<ref>B. Cassin, 'Anonymus Iamblichi', in [[Brill's New Pauly]]</ref>


== Life ==
== Life ==
According to the {{transliteration|grc|[[Suda]]}} and Iamblichus' biographer, [[Eunapius]], Iamblichus was born in Chalcis (later called [[Qinnasrin|Qinnašrīn]]) in [[Coele Syria (Roman province)|Coele]], now in northwest [[Syria]].<ref>{{cite book | last1=Clarke | first1=E.C. | last2=Dillon | first2=J.M. | last3=Hershbell | first3=J.P. | title=De Mysteriis | publisher=Society of Biblical Literature | series=Society of Biblical Literature: Writings from the Greco-Roman world | year=2003 | isbn=978-1-58983-058-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UJuDa8G7RikC  | access-date=2023-11-23 | page=xviii|quote=Eunapius reports (Vit. soph. 457) that Iamblichus was born in Chalcis “in Coele (Syria).” After Septimus Severus’s division of the Syrian command in 194 C.W., this refers not to southern but to northern Syria, and so the Chalcis in question must be Chalcis ad Belum, modern Qinnesrin, a strategically important town to the east of the Orontes valley, on the road from Beroea (Aleppo) to Apamea, and from Antioch to the East.}} The son of a wealthy, well-known family,</ref>{{sfnp|Sorley|1911|p=213}} Iamblichus was descended from the [[Emesene dynasty]]. He initially studied under [[Anatolius of Laodicea]] and later studied under [[Porphyry (philosopher)|Porphyry]], a pupil of [[Plotinus]] (the founder of neoplatonism). Iamblichus disagreed with Porphyry about [[theurgy]], reportedly responding to Porphyry's criticism of the practice in ''[[On the Mysteries of the Egyptians, Chaldeans, and Assyrians]]''.
According to the {{transliteration|grc|[[Suda]]}} and Iamblichus' biographer, [[Eunapius]], Iamblichus was born in Chalcis (later called [[Qinnasrin|Qinnašrīn]]) in [[Coele Syria (Roman province)|Coele]], now in northwest [[Syria]].<ref>{{cite book | last1=Clarke | first1=E.C. | last2=Dillon | first2=J.M. | last3=Hershbell | first3=J.P. | title=De Mysteriis | publisher=Society of Biblical Literature | series=Society of Biblical Literature: Writings from the Greco-Roman world | year=2003 | isbn=978-1-58983-058-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UJuDa8G7RikC  | access-date=2023-11-23 | page=xviii|quote=Eunapius reports (Vit. soph. 457) that Iamblichus was born in Chalcis “in Coele (Syria).” After Septimus Severus’s division of the Syrian command in 194 C.W., this refers not to southern but to northern Syria, and so the Chalcis in question must be Chalcis ad Belum, modern Qinnesrin, a strategically important town to the east of the Orontes valley, on the road from Beroea (Aleppo) to Apamea, and from Antioch to the East.}} The son of a wealthy, well-known family,</ref>{{sfnp|Sorley|1911|p=213}} Iamblichus was descended from the [[Emesene dynasty]]. He initially studied under [[Anatolius of Laodicea]] and later studied under [[Porphyry (philosopher)|Porphyry]], a pupil of [[Plotinus]] (the founder of Neoplatonism). Iamblichus disagreed with Porphyry about [[theurgy]], reportedly responding to Porphyry's criticism of the practice in ''[[On the Mysteries of the Egyptians, Chaldeans, and Assyrians]]''.


He returned to Coele Syria around 304 to found a school in [[Apamea, Syria|Apamea]] (near [[Antioch]]), a city known for its neoplatonic philosophers. Iamblichus designed a curriculum for studying [[Plato]] and [[Aristotle]], and wrote commentaries on the two which survive only in fragments. [[Pythagoras]] was his supreme authority, and he wrote the ten-volume ''Collection of Pythagorean Doctrines'' with extracts from several ancient philosophers; only the first four volumes and fragments of the fifth survive.<ref>{{cite book | last=Anthon | first=C. | title=A Classical Dictionary: containing an account of the principal proper names mentioned in ancient authors ... Together with an account of coins, weights and measures, etc | publisher=Harper & Bros. | year=1841 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RqFVAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA655 | access-date=2023-08-28}}</ref>
He returned to Coele Syria around 304 to found a school in [[Apamea, Syria|Apamea]] (near [[Antioch]]), a city known for its Neoplatonic philosophers. Iamblichus designed a curriculum for studying [[Plato]] and [[Aristotle]], and wrote commentaries on the two which survive only in fragments. [[Pythagoras]] was his supreme authority, and he wrote the ten-volume ''Collection of Pythagorean Doctrines'' with extracts from several ancient philosophers; only the first four volumes and fragments of the fifth survive.<ref>{{cite book | last=Anthon | first=C. | title=A Classical Dictionary: containing an account of the principal proper names mentioned in ancient authors ... Together with an account of coins, weights and measures, etc | publisher=Harper & Bros. | year=1841 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RqFVAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA655 | access-date=2023-08-28}}</ref>


Iamblichus wrote the ''Exhortation to Philosophy'' in Apamea during the early fourth century.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.protrepticus.info/2014/04/introduction-to-iamblichus-exhortation.html|title=Introduction to Iamblichus' Exhortation to Philosophy (upcoming talk)|access-date=31 May 2015}}</ref> Considered a man of great culture and learning, he was renowned for his charity and self-denial and had a number of students. According to [[Johann Albert Fabricius]], he died sometime before 333 during the reign of [[Constantine the Great]].{{sfnp|Sorley|1911|p=213}}
Iamblichus wrote the ''Exhortation to Philosophy'' in Apamea during the early fourth century.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.protrepticus.info/2014/04/introduction-to-iamblichus-exhortation.html|title=Introduction to Iamblichus' Exhortation to Philosophy (upcoming talk)|access-date=31 May 2015}}</ref> Considered a man of great culture and learning, he was renowned for his charity and self-denial and had a number of students. According to [[Johann Albert Fabricius]], he died sometime before 333 during the reign of [[Constantine the Great]].{{sfnp|Sorley|1911|p=213}}
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== Philosophy ==
== Philosophy ==
{{Neoplatonism}}
{{Neoplatonism}}
Iamblichus detailed [[Plotinus]]' neoplatonic formal divisions, applied Pythagorean number symbolism more systematically, and (influenced by other Asian systems) interpreted neoplatonic concepts mythically.{{sfnp|Shaw|2006}}{{sfnp|Sorley|1911|p=213}} Unlike Plotinus, who broke from platonic tradition by positing a separate soul, Iamblichus re-affirmed the soul's embodiment in matter and believed that matter was as divine as the rest of the cosmos.{{sfnp|Shaw|2006}}
Iamblichus detailed [[Plotinus]]' Neoplatonic formal divisions, applied Pythagorean number symbolism more systematically, and (influenced by other Asian systems) interpreted Neoplatonic concepts mythically.{{sfnp|Shaw|2006}}{{sfnp|Sorley|1911|p=213}} Unlike Plotinus, who broke from platonic tradition by positing a separate soul, Iamblichus re-affirmed the soul's embodiment in matter and believed that matter was as divine as the rest of the cosmos.{{sfnp|Shaw|2006}}


=== Cosmology and theology ===
=== Cosmology and theology ===
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Iamblichus placed the [[Monad (philosophy)|Monad]] at the head of his system, from which emanates the ''[[Nous#Plotinus and Neoplatonism|Nous]]'' (intellect, or [[demiurge]]) and the ''[[Soul#Socrates and Plato|psyche]]''. Plotinus represented the ''Nous'' as three stages: objective being, subjective life, and realized intellect. Iamblichus divided them into two spheres: intelligible (the objects of thought) and intellective (the domain of thought).{{sfnp|Sorley|1911|pp=213–214}}
Iamblichus placed the [[Monad (philosophy)|Monad]] at the head of his system, from which emanates the ''[[Nous#Plotinus and Neoplatonism|Nous]]'' (intellect, or [[demiurge]]) and the ''[[Soul#Socrates and Plato|psyche]]''. Plotinus represented the ''Nous'' as three stages: objective being, subjective life, and realized intellect. Iamblichus divided them into two spheres: intelligible (the objects of thought) and intellective (the domain of thought).{{sfnp|Sorley|1911|pp=213–214}}


Iamblichus and [[Proclus]] may have introduced a third sphere between the two worlds, separating and uniting them.<ref>O'Meara', Dominic J. ''Pythagoras Revived: Mathematics and Philosophy in Late Antiquity'', Oxford University Press.</ref> The identification of ''nous'' with the demiurge in the neoplatonic tradition was adopted and developed in Christian [[gnosticism]]. [[Augustine of Hippo]] follows Plotinus, identifying the ''nous'' with ''[[logos]]'' (the creative principle) as part of the [[Trinity]].<ref>{{Citation|last1=Gundel|first1=Hans Georg (Gießen)|title=Iamblichus|date=2006-10-01|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/*-e520890|work=Brill's New Pauly|publisher=Brill|language=en|doi=10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e520890|access-date=2021-12-15|last2=Brisson|first2=Luc (Paris)|last3=Fusillo|first3=Massimo (L'Aquila)|last4=Galli|first4=Lucia (Florence)|url-access=subscription}}</ref>{{sfnp|Sorley|1911|p=214}}
Iamblichus and [[Proclus]] may have introduced a third sphere between the two worlds, separating and uniting them.<ref>O'Meara', Dominic J. ''Pythagoras Revived: Mathematics and Philosophy in Late Antiquity'', Oxford University Press.</ref> The identification of ''nous'' with the demiurge in the Neoplatonic tradition was adopted and developed in Christian [[gnosticism]]. [[Augustine of Hippo]] follows Plotinus, identifying the ''nous'' with ''[[logos]]'' (the creative principle) as part of the [[Trinity]].<ref>{{Citation|last1=Gundel|first1=Hans Georg (Gießen)|title=Iamblichus|date=2006-10-01|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/*-e520890|work=Brill's New Pauly|publisher=Brill|language=en|doi=10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e520890|access-date=2021-12-15|last2=Brisson|first2=Luc (Paris)|last3=Fusillo|first3=Massimo (L'Aquila)|last4=Galli|first4=Lucia (Florence)|url-access=subscription}}</ref>{{sfnp|Sorley|1911|p=214}}


Iamblichus multiplied the number of divine entities according to universal [[mathematics|mathematical]] theorems. He conceived of gods, angels, demons and heroes: twelve heavenly gods (whose number increases to 36 or 360), 72 other gods proceeding from them, 21 chiefs and 42 nature-gods. His divine realm extends from the Monad to material nature, where the soul descends into matter and becomes embodied in human form. These superhuman beings influence natural events and communicate knowledge about the future, and are accessible with prayers and offerings. Iamblichus posited that numbers are independent, occupying a middle realm between the limited and unlimited.{{sfnp|Sorley|1911|p=214}} He believed that nature was bound by [[destiny|fate]], differing from divine things which are not subject to fate and turn [[evil]] and imperfection to good ends; evil was generated accidentally in the conflict between the finite and the [[Infinity|infinite]].{{sfnp|Sorley|1911|p=214}}
Iamblichus multiplied the number of divine entities according to universal [[mathematics|mathematical]] theorems. He conceived of gods, angels, demons and heroes: twelve heavenly gods (whose number increases to 36 or 360), 72 other gods proceeding from them, 21 chiefs and 42 nature-gods. His divine realm extends from the Monad to material nature, where the soul descends into matter and becomes embodied in human form. These superhuman beings influence natural events and communicate knowledge about the future, and are accessible with prayers and offerings. Iamblichus posited that numbers are independent, occupying a middle realm between the limited and unlimited.{{sfnp|Sorley|1911|p=214}} He believed that nature was bound by [[destiny|fate]], differing from divine things which are not subject to fate and turn [[evil]] and imperfection to good ends; evil was generated accidentally in the conflict between the finite and the [[Infinity|infinite]].{{sfnp|Sorley|1911|p=214}}
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== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
* {{EB1911|wstitle=Iamblichus (philosopher)|display=Iamblichus, the chief representative of Syrian Neoplatonism|last=Sorley|first=William Ritchie|author-link=William Ritchie Sorley|volume=14|pages=213–215}}
* {{EB1911|wstitle=Iamblichus (philosopher)|display=Iamblichus|last=Sorley|first=William Ritchie|author-link=William Ritchie Sorley|volume=14|pages=213–215}}


== Bibliography ==
== Bibliography ==
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[[Category:Theurgy]]

Latest revision as of 20:58, 1 June 2025

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Other people". Template:More footnotes needed Template:Use dmy dates Script error: No such module "Template wrapper".Script error: No such module "Check for clobbered parameters".

Iamblichus (Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell; Template:Langx; Template:Langx;[1][2] Template:Circa) was a Neoplatonist philosopher who determined a direction later taken by Neoplatonism. Iamblichus was also the biographer of the Greek mystic, philosopher, and mathematician Pythagoras.[3][4] In addition to his philosophical contributions, his Template:Transliteration is important for the study of the sophists because it preserved about ten pages of an otherwise unknown sophist known as the Anonymus Iamblichi.[5]

Life

According to the Template:Transliteration and Iamblichus' biographer, Eunapius, Iamblichus was born in Chalcis (later called Qinnašrīn) in Coele, now in northwest Syria.[6]Template:Sfnp Iamblichus was descended from the Emesene dynasty. He initially studied under Anatolius of Laodicea and later studied under Porphyry, a pupil of Plotinus (the founder of Neoplatonism). Iamblichus disagreed with Porphyry about theurgy, reportedly responding to Porphyry's criticism of the practice in On the Mysteries of the Egyptians, Chaldeans, and Assyrians.

He returned to Coele Syria around 304 to found a school in Apamea (near Antioch), a city known for its Neoplatonic philosophers. Iamblichus designed a curriculum for studying Plato and Aristotle, and wrote commentaries on the two which survive only in fragments. Pythagoras was his supreme authority, and he wrote the ten-volume Collection of Pythagorean Doctrines with extracts from several ancient philosophers; only the first four volumes and fragments of the fifth survive.[7]

Iamblichus wrote the Exhortation to Philosophy in Apamea during the early fourth century.[8] Considered a man of great culture and learning, he was renowned for his charity and self-denial and had a number of students. According to Johann Albert Fabricius, he died sometime before 333 during the reign of Constantine the Great.Template:Sfnp

Philosophy

Template:Neoplatonism Iamblichus detailed Plotinus' Neoplatonic formal divisions, applied Pythagorean number symbolism more systematically, and (influenced by other Asian systems) interpreted Neoplatonic concepts mythically.Template:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp Unlike Plotinus, who broke from platonic tradition by positing a separate soul, Iamblichus re-affirmed the soul's embodiment in matter and believed that matter was as divine as the rest of the cosmos.Template:Sfnp

Cosmology and theology

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Iamblichus placed the Monad at the head of his system, from which emanates the Nous (intellect, or demiurge) and the psyche. Plotinus represented the Nous as three stages: objective being, subjective life, and realized intellect. Iamblichus divided them into two spheres: intelligible (the objects of thought) and intellective (the domain of thought).Template:Sfnp

Iamblichus and Proclus may have introduced a third sphere between the two worlds, separating and uniting them.[9] The identification of nous with the demiurge in the Neoplatonic tradition was adopted and developed in Christian gnosticism. Augustine of Hippo follows Plotinus, identifying the nous with logos (the creative principle) as part of the Trinity.[10]Template:Sfnp

Iamblichus multiplied the number of divine entities according to universal mathematical theorems. He conceived of gods, angels, demons and heroes: twelve heavenly gods (whose number increases to 36 or 360), 72 other gods proceeding from them, 21 chiefs and 42 nature-gods. His divine realm extends from the Monad to material nature, where the soul descends into matter and becomes embodied in human form. These superhuman beings influence natural events and communicate knowledge about the future, and are accessible with prayers and offerings. Iamblichus posited that numbers are independent, occupying a middle realm between the limited and unlimited.Template:Sfnp He believed that nature was bound by fate, differing from divine things which are not subject to fate and turn evil and imperfection to good ends; evil was generated accidentally in the conflict between the finite and the infinite.Template:Sfnp

Works

Only a fraction of Iamblichus' books have survived; knowledge of his system is preserved in fragments of writings preserved by Stobaeus and others: notes by his successors (especially Proclus), his five extant books and sections of his work on Pythagoreanism. In addition to these, Proclus attributed to him the On the Mysteries of the Egyptians, Chaldeans, and Assyrians, also known as The Theurgia. Although stylistic and doctrinal differences exist between this book and Iamblichus' other works, it originated from his school at least.Template:Sfnp Iamblichus also completed a coherent polytheist theological system under the Egyptian pseudonym Abammon.[11]

Script error: No such module "anchor".Editions and translations

  • On the Mysteries (Script error: No such module "Lang".), ed. Gustav Parthey, Teubner, 1857;[12] ed. Edouard des Places, Collection Budé, 1989.
  • The Life of Pythagoras[17]
    • English translation: Thomas Taylor, 1818[18]
  • On the Pythagorean Way of Life (Script error: No such module "Lang".), ed. Theophil Kießling, Leipzig, 1816;[19] ed. August Nauck, St. Petersburg, 1884; ed. Ludwig Deubner, Teubner, 1937 (rev. Ulrich Klein, 1975).
  • On General Mathematical Science (Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang".), ed. Nicola Festa, Teubner, 1891 (reprint 1975)[20]
    • English translations: John M. Dillon & J. O. Urmson (2021; Bloomsbury Publishing)
  • Protrepticus, ed. Ermenegildo Pistelli, Teubner, 1888 (repr. 1975);[21] ed. des Places, Budé, 1989.
    • English translation: Thomas Moore Johnson, Iamblichus' Exhortation to the Study of Philosophy, Osceola, Mo., 1907 (repr. 1988, Template:ISBN).
  • In Nicomachi arithmeticam introductionem, Teubner, ed. Pistelli, Teubner, 1894[22] (rev. Klein, 1975)
  • Letters: John M. Dillon and Wolfgang Polleichtner, Iamblichus of Chalcis: The Letters, 2009, Template:ISBN.
  • John F. Finamore and John M. Dillon, Iamblichus' De Anima: Text, Translation, and Commentary, Leiden: Brill, 2002, Template:ISBN.
  • Fragmentary commentaries on Plato
    • Bent Dalsgaard Larsen, Script error: No such module "Lang". (vol. 2, appendix: Testimonia et fragmenta exegetica), Universitetsforlaget i Aarhus, 1972 (Greek texts only).
    • John M. Dillon (ed. and trans.), Script error: No such module "Lang"., Leiden: Brill, 1973.
  • Theological Principles of Arithmetic (Theologumena arithmeticae, an anonymous work ascribed to Iamblichus or Anatolius of Laodicea), ed. Friedrich Ast, Leipzig, 1817; ed. Vittorio de Falco, Teubner, 1922.
    • English translation: Robin Waterfield, Pseudo-Iamblichus: The Theology of Arithmetic, translation, introduction, notes; foreword by K. Critchlow, Phanes Press, 1988, Template:ISBN.

Reception

Iamblichus was praised by his followers, and contemporaries credited him with miraculous powers. The Roman emperor Julian, not content with Eunapius' modest eulogy that Iamblichus was inferior to Porphyry only in style, regarded him as second only to Plato and said that he would give all the gold in Lydia for one of his letters. During the 15th- and 16th-century revival of interest in his philosophy, Iamblichus' name was rarely mentioned without the epithet "divine" or "most divine".Template:Sfnp

See also

References

Template:Reflist

Bibliography

Template:Refbegin

  • Template:Cite SEP
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". (has an excellent section on Iamblichus' and the Neoplatonists' relation to the works attributed to Hermes Trismegistus)
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Hartmann, Udo (2018). Der spätantike Philosoph. Die Lebenswelten der paganen Gelehrten und ihre hagiographische Ausgestaltung in den Philosophenviten von Porphyrios bis Damaskios [The late antique philosopher. The lifeworlds of pagan scholars and their hagiographic treatment in the philosophical vitae from Porphyrius to Damascius]. 3 volumes. Bonn: Habelt, Template:ISBN, pp. 497-544.
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Template:Refend

External links

Template:Platonists Template:Authority control

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Gawlikowski, M. The Journal of Roman Studies, vol. 84, [Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, Cambridge University Press], 1994, pp. 244–46, https://doi.org/10.2307/300919.
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ B. Cassin, 'Anonymus Iamblichi', in Brill's New Pauly
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". The son of a wealthy, well-known family,
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ O'Meara', Dominic J. Pythagoras Revived: Mathematics and Philosophy in Late Antiquity, Oxford University Press.
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Fowden, Garth (2000) [1999]. "Religious Communities". In Bowersock, G. W.; Brown, Peter; Grabar, Oleg (eds.). Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Postclassical World. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. pp. 85-86. ISBN 0-674-51173-5
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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