Yohl Ikʼnal: Difference between revisions

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| issue =[[Ajen Yohl Mat]]<br>[[Janahb Pakal]] <small>(possibly her husband instead)</small><br>Lady [[Sak Kʼukʼ]]
| issue =[[Ajen Yohl Mat]]<br>[[Janahb Pakal]] <small>(possibly her husband instead)</small><br>Lady [[Sak Kʼukʼ]]
| royal house =
| royal house =
| father =[[Kʼan Joy Chitam I]] or [[Kan Bahlam I]]  
| father =[[Kʼan Joy Chitam I]] or [[Kan Bahlam I]]
| birth_date = Before 583
| birth_date = Before 583
| birth_place = [[Palenque]]
| birth_place = [[Palenque]]
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| death_place = [[Palenque]]
| death_place = [[Palenque]]
| burial_place = [[Temple 20]] of [[Palenque]]
| burial_place = [[Temple 20]] of [[Palenque]]
| religion    =[[Maya religion]]  
| religion    =[[Maya religion]]
| signature    =Yohl Ik'nal.svg
| signature    =Yohl Ik'nal.svg
|}}
|}}
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*{{cite book |author=Sharer, Robert J. |author-link=Robert Sharer |author2=Loa P. Traxler |year=2006 |title=The Ancient Maya |edition=6th (fully revised) |location=Stanford, CA |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=0-8047-4817-9 |oclc=57577446 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar }}
*{{cite book |author=Sharer, Robert J. |author-link=Robert Sharer |author2=Loa P. Traxler |year=2006 |title=The Ancient Maya |edition=6th (fully revised) |location=Stanford, CA |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=0-8047-4817-9 |oclc=57577446 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar }}
* {{cite book|last1=Skidmore|first1=Joel|title=The Rulers of Palenque|date=2010|publisher=Mesoweb Publications|page=39|edition=Fifth|url=http://www.mesoweb.com/palenque/resources/rulers/PalenqueRulers-05.pdf|access-date=12 October 2015}}
* {{cite book|last1=Skidmore|first1=Joel|title=The Rulers of Palenque|date=2010|publisher=Mesoweb Publications|page=39|edition=Fifth|url=http://www.mesoweb.com/palenque/resources/rulers/PalenqueRulers-05.pdf|access-date=12 October 2015}}
* {{cite book |author=Stuart, David   |author-link=David Stuart (Mayanist) |author2=George Stuart |year=2008 |title=Palenque: Eternal City of the Maya |location=London |publisher=[[Thames & Hudson]] |isbn=978-0-500-05156-6|oclc=227016561}}
* {{cite book |author=Stuart, David |author-link=David Stuart (Mayanist) |author2=George Stuart |year=2008 |title=Palenque: Eternal City of the Maya |location=London |publisher=[[Thames & Hudson]] |isbn=978-0-500-05156-6|oclc=227016561}}
* {{cite book |author=Webster, David L. |year=2002 |title=The Fall of the Ancient Maya: Solving the Mystery of the Maya Collapse |location=London |publisher=[[Thames & Hudson]] |isbn=0-500-05113-5 |oclc=48753878 |url=https://archive.org/details/fallofancientmay0000webs }}
* {{cite book |author=Webster, David L. |year=2002 |title=The Fall of the Ancient Maya: Solving the Mystery of the Maya Collapse |location=London |publisher=[[Thames & Hudson]] |isbn=0-500-05113-5 |oclc=48753878 |url=https://archive.org/details/fallofancientmay0000webs }}
{{refend}}<!-- END biblio format style -->
{{refend}}<!-- END biblio format style -->
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Latest revision as of 16:52, 18 June 2025

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox royalty

Yohl Ikʼnal[N 1] (Script error: No such module "IPA".), also known as Lady Kan Ik and Lady Kʼanal Ikʼnal, (died 7 November 604) was queen regnant of the Maya city-state of Palenque. She acceded to the throne on 23 December 583, and ruled until her death.[N 2][1]

Family

Yohl Ikʼnal was a grandmother or great-grandmother of Kʼinich Janaab Pakal I, Palenque's greatest king.[2] She was a descendant of Kʼukʼ Bahlam I, the founder of the Palenque dynasty and she came to power within a year of the death of her predecessor, Kan Bahlam I.[3]

File:K'inich Janaab Pakal I.jpg
Kʼinich Janaab Pakal I, grandson or great-grandson of Yohl Ikʼnal

She was the first female ruler in recorded Maya history and was one of a very few female rulers known from Maya history to have borne a full royal title.[4] She must have come to the throne due to extremely unusual circumstances, the details of which have not survived.[5] She was the one of two women to have ruled Palenque, second was her daughter or granddaughter Sak Kʼukʼ and was likely to have been either the sister or, more likely, the daughter of Kan Bahlam, who left no male heir. Her husband or her son was Janahb Pakal.[6]

Reign

During the reign of Yohl Ikʼnal, Palenque suffered an important defeat by Calakmul, one of the two great Maya powers of the Classic Period.[7] The battle took place on 23 April 599 but Yohl Ikʼnal reigned for several years more and died in 604.[8] After the defeat, Palenque apparently maintained its political identity but Yohl Ikʼnal probably had to pay tribute to the ajaw of Calakmul.[9] There are indications that either Yohl Ikʼnal or her successor successfully rebelled against Calakmul's dominance before 611.[10]

Archaeologist Merle Greene Robertson has suggested that a vaulted tomb under Temple 20 at Palenque is that of Queen Yohl Ikʼnal.[7] She was considered important enough to be depicted twice on the sarcophagus of her grandson or great-grandson Kʼinich Janaab Pakal I and to be sculpted in stucco on the wall of his tomb.[11]

Notes

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Footnotes

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References

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Template:Refend

Template:S-endTemplate:Rulers of PalenqueTemplate:MayaTemplate:Authority control
Regnal titles
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/checkTemplate:Succession box/check Queen of Palenque
23 December 583 – 4 November 604 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by


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  1. ↑ Stuart & Stuart 2008, pp. 139–142. Sharer & Traxler 2006, p. 459. Skidmore 2010, p. 39.
  2. ↑ Skidmore 2010, pp. 56–57. Webster 2002, p. 132.
  3. ↑ Stuart & Stuart 2008, p. 139. Drew 1999, p. 264.
  4. ↑ Stuart & Stuart 2008, p. 139. Martin & Grube 2000, p. 159. Drew 1999, p. 264.
  5. ↑ Stuart & Stuart 2008, p. 139.
  6. ↑ Stuart & Stuart 2008, p. 238. Martin & Grube 2000, p. 159. Skidmore 2010, pp. 56–57.
  7. ↑ a b Stuart & Stuart 2008, p. 140.
  8. ↑ Stuart & Stuart 2008, pp. 140–142.
  9. ↑ Stuart & Stuart 2008, p. 142.
  10. ↑ Stuart & Stuart 2008, p. 144.
  11. ↑ Stuart & Stuart 2008, pp. 177, 180. Skidmore 2010, pp. 56–57.
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