Colchicum: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
← Previous edit
VisualWikitext
imported>Randy Kryn
→Etymology: uppercase per direct link (Golden Fleece)
imported>SchlurcherBot
m Bot: http → https
 
Line 18: Line 18:
* ''Paludana'' <small>Salisb.</small> nom. illeg.
* ''Paludana'' <small>Salisb.</small> nom. illeg.
* ''Synsiphon'' <small>Regel</small>
* ''Synsiphon'' <small>Regel</small>
|synonyms_ref=<ref>{{cite web |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/synonomy.do?name_id=302745 |title=WCSP |work=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |accessdate=February 10, 2014}}</ref>
|synonyms_ref=<ref>{{cite web |url=https://apps.kew.org/wcsp/synonomy.do?name_id=302745 |title=WCSP |work=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |accessdate=February 10, 2014}}</ref>
}}
}}


Line 70: Line 70:


==Species==
==Species==
The following are the species included in the genus ''Colchicum''.<ref name=TPL>{{cite web |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=colchicum |title=Search results — The Plant List |work=theplantlist.org}}</ref> Many species previously classified in ''Androcymbium'', ''Bulbocodium'' and ''Merendera'' were moved to ''Colchicum'' based on [[molecular genetics|molecular genetic]] evidence.<ref>{{cite journal |author=John Manning, Felix Forest and Annika Vinnersten |year=2007 |title=The genus ''Colchicum'' L. redefined to include ''Androcymbium'' Willd. based on molecular evidence |journal=[[Taxon (journal)|Taxon]] |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=872–882 |doi=10.2307/25065868 |jstor=25065868|bibcode=2007Taxon..56..872M }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Karin Persson |year=2007 |title=Nomenclatural synopsis of the genus ''Colchicum'' (Colchicaceae), with some new species and combinations |journal=[[Botanische Jahrbücher]] |volume=127 |issue=2 |pages=165–242 |doi=10.1127/0006-8152/2007/0127-0165}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Alberto del Hoyo, José Luis García-Marín & Joan Pedrola-Monfort |year=2009 |title=Temporal and spatial diversification of the African disjunct genus ''Androcymbium'' (Colchicaceae) |journal=[[Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution]] |volume=53 |issue=3 |pages=848–861 |pmid=19699811 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2009.08.005}}</ref><ref>''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607</ref> ''[[Androcymbium]]'' is currently considered a separate genus by some.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/synonomy.do?name_id=299036 |title=WCSP |work=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |accessdate=February 10, 2014}}</ref>
The following are the species included in the genus ''Colchicum''.<ref name=TPL>{{cite web |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=colchicum |title=Search results — The Plant List |work=theplantlist.org}}</ref> Many species previously classified in ''Androcymbium'', ''Bulbocodium'' and ''Merendera'' were moved to ''Colchicum'' based on [[molecular genetics|molecular genetic]] evidence.<ref>{{cite journal |author=John Manning, Felix Forest and Annika Vinnersten |year=2007 |title=The genus ''Colchicum'' L. redefined to include ''Androcymbium'' Willd. based on molecular evidence |journal=[[Taxon (journal)|Taxon]] |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=872–882 |doi=10.2307/25065868 |jstor=25065868|bibcode=2007Taxon..56..872M }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Karin Persson |year=2007 |title=Nomenclatural synopsis of the genus ''Colchicum'' (Colchicaceae), with some new species and combinations |journal=[[Botanische Jahrbücher]] |volume=127 |issue=2 |pages=165–242 |doi=10.1127/0006-8152/2007/0127-0165}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Alberto del Hoyo, José Luis García-Marín & Joan Pedrola-Monfort |year=2009 |title=Temporal and spatial diversification of the African disjunct genus ''Androcymbium'' (Colchicaceae) |journal=[[Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution]] |volume=53 |issue=3 |pages=848–861 |pmid=19699811 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2009.08.005}}</ref><ref>''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607</ref> ''[[Androcymbium]]'' is currently considered a separate genus by some.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://apps.kew.org/wcsp/synonomy.do?name_id=299036 |title=WCSP |work=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |accessdate=February 10, 2014}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=21em}}
{{div col|colwidth=21em}}
* [[Colchicum × agrippinum|''Colchicum'' × ''agrippinum'']] (probably a [[Hybrid (biology)#Hybrid plants|hybrid]] of garden origin)
* [[Colchicum × agrippinum|''Colchicum'' × ''agrippinum'']] (probably a [[Hybrid (biology)#Hybrid plants|hybrid]] of garden origin)

Latest revision as of 08:06, 5 December 2025

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "redirect hatnote". Template:Automatic taxobox

Colchicum (Template:IPAc-en Script error: No such module "Respell". or Template:IPAc-en Script error: No such module "Respell".)[1] is a genus of perennial flowering plants containing around 160 species which grow from bulb-like corms. It is a member of the botanical family Colchicaceae, and is native to West Asia, Europe, parts of the Mediterranean coast, down the East African coast to South Africa and the Western Cape. In this genus, the ovary of the flower is underground. As a consequence, the styles are extremely long in proportion, often more than Template:Cvt. All species in the genus are toxic.[2]

Common names

The common names autumn crocus, meadow saffron and naked lady may be applied to the whole genus or to many of its species; they refer to the "naked" crocus-like flowers that appear in late summer or autumn, long before the strap-like foliage which appears in spring.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Colchicum and Crocus look alike and can be confused by the casual observer. To add to the confusion, there are autumn-flowering species of crocus. However, colchicums have 3 styles and 6 stamens, while crocuses have 1 style supporting 3 long stigmas and 3 stamens.[3] In addition, the corm structures are quite different—in Colchicum, the corm is irregular, while in crocuses, the corm is like a flattened ball.[4] Crocus is in the iris family, Iridaceae.

Etymology

The name of the genus derives from Κολχίς (Colchis), the Ancient Greek name for the region of კოლხეთი (Kolkhida) in modern Georgia (Caucasus). Colchis features in Greek mythology as the land to which the Argonauts journeyed in quest of the Golden Fleece and where Jason encountered Medea. The Greek toponym Colchis is thought by scholars to derive from the Urartian Qulḫa, pronounced "Kolcha" (guttural "ch" - as in Scots loch).[5]

Relationships

Colchicum melanthioides, also known as Androcymbium melanthioides,[6] is probably the best known species from the tropical regions. In contrast to most temperate colchicums, the flower and leaves are produced at the same time, the white flowers usually in a small corymb that is enclosed by white bracts. Close relatives such as Colchicum scabromarginatum (Androcymbium scabromarginatum) and Colchicum coloratum (Androcymbium burchellii) have flowers with very short stalks and may be pollinated by rodents.[7]

Cultivation

Temperate colchicums are commonly grown in gardens as ornamental flowers. Species found in cultivation include:

<templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

There are also cultivars and hybrids such as:-

<templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • C. 'Dick Trotter' (violet with white centre)
  • C. 'Disraeli' (purple white),
  • C. 'Giant' (red with white centre)
  • C. 'Harlekijn' (white with purple band)
  • C. 'Lilac Wonder' (lilac)
  • C. 'Pink Goblet' <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>agm[8] (violet-purple)
  • C. 'Poseidon' (purple)
  • C. 'Rosy Dawn' <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>agm[9] (rose pink)
  • C. 'Violet Queen' (purple)
  • C. 'Waterlily' <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>agm[10] (double, lilac-pink)

Those marked <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>agm have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit (confirmed 2017).[11]

In the United Kingdom, the National Collection of colchicums is maintained at Felbrigg Hall, Norfolk.

Medicinal uses and poisonous properties

Plants in this genus contain toxic amounts of the alkaloid colchicine which is used pharmaceutically to treat gout and Familial Mediterranean fever.[12] The use of the roots and seeds in traditional medicine is thought to have arisen due to the presence of this drug.[13]

Its leaves, corm and seeds are poisonous. Murderer Catherine Wilson is thought to have used it to poison a number of victims in the 19th century. The species known to contain the most lethal amount of colchicine is C. autumnale.[14][15][16][17]

Species

The following are the species included in the genus Colchicum.[18] Many species previously classified in Androcymbium, Bulbocodium and Merendera were moved to Colchicum based on molecular genetic evidence.[19][20][21][22] Androcymbium is currently considered a separate genus by some.[23]

<templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ A Handbook of Crocus and Colchicum for Gardeners, page 154
  4. ↑ A Handbook of Crocus and Colchicum for Gardeners, page 20, elsewhere
  5. ↑ Lordkipanidze, O. (1991). Archeology in Georgia, Weinheim, 110.
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Sources

  • Suite 101. Plants and Bulbs: Hardy Fall-Blooming Bulbs for Your Garden
  • Veseys: Information for gardeners
  • A Handbook of Crocus and Colchicum for Gardeners, Bowles, E. A., D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., 1952
  • The European Garden Flora: A Manual for the Identification of Plants Cultivated in Europe, both Out-of-Doors and Under Glass, Volume 1, Walters, S. M., et al., editors, Cambridge University Press, 1984

Template:Taxonbar Template:Authority control

Retrieved from "http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?title=Colchicum&oldid=4541574"