Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest: Difference between revisions
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| {{lang|fr|[[La Première (Belgium)|Bruxelles I]]|i=unset}} | | {{lang|fr|[[La Première (Belgium)|Bruxelles I]]|i=unset}} | ||
| {{N/A|Unknown}} | | {{N/A|Unknown}} | ||
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=À la radio |trans-title=On the radio |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/1608656 |url-access=registration |date=12 March 1958 |work=[[Le Soir]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=5 January 2025 |page=12 |language=fr |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref> | | style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=Vandaag in de TV |trans-title=Today on TV |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/2195693 |url-access=registration |date=12 March 1958 |work=[[De Standaard]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=28 June 2025 |page=11 |language=nl |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=À la radio |trans-title=On the radio |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/1608656 |url-access=registration |date=12 March 1958 |work=[[Le Soir]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=5 January 2025 |page=12 |language=fr |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" | {{Escyr|1959}} | ! scope="row" | {{Escyr|1959}} | ||
| [[Paule Herreman]] | | [[Paule Herreman]] | ||
| rowspan="6" colspan="2" {{N/A|No radio broadcast}} | | rowspan="6" colspan="2" {{N/A|No radio broadcast}} | ||
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=Televisie |trans-title=Television |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/2196043 |url-access=registration |date=11 March 1959 |work=[[De Standaard]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=19 February 2025 |page=11 |language=nl |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Jean-François évoque le parcours remarquable de Paule Herreman, pionnière du petit écran |trans-title=Jean-François discusses the remarkable journey of Paule Herreman, pioneer of the small screen |url=https://www.rtbf.be/article/jean-francois-evoque-le-parcours-remarquable-de-paule-herreman-pionniere-du-petit-ecran-11257988 |access-date=3 July 2024 |publisher=[[RTBF]] |date=18 September 2023}}</ref> | | style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=Televisie |trans-title=Television |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/2196043 |url-access=registration |date=11 March 1959 |work=[[De Standaard]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=19 February 2025 |page=11 |language=nl |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=À la radio |trans-title=On the radio |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/1609003 |url-access=registration |date=11 March 1959 |work=[[Le Soir]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=28 June 2025 |page=6 |language=fr |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Jean-François évoque le parcours remarquable de Paule Herreman, pionnière du petit écran |trans-title=Jean-François discusses the remarkable journey of Paule Herreman, pioneer of the small screen |url=https://www.rtbf.be/article/jean-francois-evoque-le-parcours-remarquable-de-paule-herreman-pionniere-du-petit-ecran-11257988 |access-date=3 July 2024 |publisher=[[RTBF]] |date=18 September 2023}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" | {{Escyr|1960}} | ! scope="row" | {{Escyr|1960}} | ||
| Line 865: | Line 865: | ||
| rowspan="16" | RTB | | rowspan="16" | RTB | ||
| Robert Beauvais{{efn|name="RTF"}} | | Robert Beauvais{{efn|name="RTF"}} | ||
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=Télévision |trans-title=Television |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/1609649 |url-access=registration |date=18 March 1961 |work=[[Le Soir]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=2 February 2025 |page=10 |language=fr |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2023 |orig-date=18 March 1961 |title=6ème concours Eurovision de la chanson 1961 |trans-title=6th Eurovision Song Contest 1961 |url=https://www.inamediapro.com/notice/PHD89040130 |url-access=subscription |access-date=14 April 2024 |website=INA Mediapro |publisher={{lang|fr|[[Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française]]|i=unset}} (RTF) |type=Television broadcast |via=[[Institut national de l'audiovisuel]] (INA) |quote=Robert Beauvis: j'ai la charge d'assurer le commentaire pour le Grand Duché de Luxembourg, Monaco, la Suisse romande et parallèlement [...] Nic Bal, qui le fait en langue flamande pour la Belgique. |trans-quote=Robert Beauvis: I am responsible for ensuring the commentary for the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Monaco, French-speaking Switzerland and in parallel with [...] Nic Bal, who does it in the Flemish language for Belgium.}}</ref> | | style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=Radio en TV |trans-title=Radio and TV |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/2199957 |url-access=registration |date=18 March 1961 |work=[[De Standaard]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=28 June 2025 |page=11 |language=nl |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Télévision |trans-title=Television |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/1609649 |url-access=registration |date=18 March 1961 |work=[[Le Soir]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=2 February 2025 |page=10 |language=fr |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2023 |orig-date=18 March 1961 |title=6ème concours Eurovision de la chanson 1961 |trans-title=6th Eurovision Song Contest 1961 |url=https://www.inamediapro.com/notice/PHD89040130 |url-access=subscription |access-date=14 April 2024 |website=INA Mediapro |publisher={{lang|fr|[[Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française]]|i=unset}} (RTF) |type=Television broadcast |via=[[Institut national de l'audiovisuel]] (INA) |quote=Robert Beauvis: j'ai la charge d'assurer le commentaire pour le Grand Duché de Luxembourg, Monaco, la Suisse romande et parallèlement [...] Nic Bal, qui le fait en langue flamande pour la Belgique. |trans-quote=Robert Beauvis: I am responsible for ensuring the commentary for the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Monaco, French-speaking Switzerland and in parallel with [...] Nic Bal, who does it in the Flemish language for Belgium.}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" | {{Escyr|1962}} | ! scope="row" | {{Escyr|1962}} | ||
| [[Willem Duys]]{{efn|name="NTS"}} | | [[Willem Duys]]{{efn|name="NTS"}} | ||
| {{N/A|Unknown}} | | {{N/A|Unknown}} | ||
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=Télévision |trans-title=Television |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/1609966 |url-access=registration |date=17 March 1962 |work=[[Le Soir]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=31 January 2025 |page=6 |language=fr |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media |title=Grand Prix Eurovision 1962 de la Chanson Européenne |date=18 March 1962 |type=Television production |language=nl |publisher={{lang|fr|[[Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Télédiffusion]]|i=unset}} (CLT) and {{lang|nl|[[Nederlandse Televisie Stichting]]|i=unset}} (NTS) |place=[[Luxembourg City]], Luxembourg |quote=Duys: Goedenavond, dames en heren, in België en de Nederland. |trans-quote=Good evening, ladies and gentlemen, in Belgium and the Netherlands.}}</ref> | | style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=Radio en TV |trans-title=Radio and TV |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/2200832 |url-access=registration |date=17 March 1962 |work=[[De Standaard]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=28 June 2025 |page=21 |language=nl |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Télévision |trans-title=Television |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/1609966 |url-access=registration |date=17 March 1962 |work=[[Le Soir]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=31 January 2025 |page=6 |language=fr |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media |title=Grand Prix Eurovision 1962 de la Chanson Européenne |date=18 March 1962 |type=Television production |language=nl |publisher={{lang|fr|[[Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Télédiffusion]]|i=unset}} (CLT) and {{lang|nl|[[Nederlandse Televisie Stichting]]|i=unset}} (NTS) |place=[[Luxembourg City]], Luxembourg |quote=Duys: Goedenavond, dames en heren, in België en de Nederland. |trans-quote=Good evening, ladies and gentlemen, in Belgium and the Netherlands.}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" | {{Escyr|1963}} | ! scope="row" | {{Escyr|1963}} | ||
| {{ill|Bob Boon|nl}} and Denise Maes | | {{ill|Bob Boon|nl}} and Denise Maes | ||
| Pierre Delhasse | | Pierre Delhasse | ||
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=Radio en TV |trans-title=Radio and TV |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/2201199 |url-access=registration |date=23 March 1963 |work=[[De Standaard]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=28 November 2024 |page=19 |language=nl |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=H. L. |title=Sympathique victoire du Danemark à l{{' '}}Eurovision de la Chanson!' |trans-title=Nice victory for Denmark at the 'Eurovision Song Contest!' |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/1610292 |url-access=registration |date=24–25 March 1963 |work=[[Le Soir]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=1 December 2024 |page=5 |language=fr |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref> | | style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=Radio en TV |trans-title=Radio and TV |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/2201199 |url-access=registration |date=23 March 1963 |work=[[De Standaard]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=28 November 2024 |page=19 |language=nl |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Télévision |trans-title=Television |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/1610291 |url-access=registration |date=23 March 1963 |work=[[Le Soir]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=28 June 2025 |page=10 |language=fr |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=H. L. |title=Sympathique victoire du Danemark à l{{' '}}Eurovision de la Chanson!' |trans-title=Nice victory for Denmark at the 'Eurovision Song Contest!' |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/1610292 |url-access=registration |date=24–25 March 1963 |work=[[Le Soir]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=1 December 2024 |page=5 |language=fr |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" | {{Escyr|1964}} | ! scope="row" | {{Escyr|1964}} | ||
| rowspan="5" {{N/A|Unknown}} | | rowspan="5" {{N/A|Unknown}} | ||
| rowspan="3" {{N/A|Unknown}} | | rowspan="3" {{N/A|Unknown}} | ||
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=Télévision |trans-title=Television |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/1610379 |url-access=registration |date=21 March 1964 |work=[[Le Soir]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=31 January 2025 |page=11 |language=fr |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref> | | style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=Radio en TV |trans-title=Radio and TV |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/2201663 |url-access=registration |date=21 March 1964 |work=[[De Standaard]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=28 June 2025 |page=12 |language=nl |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Télévision |trans-title=Television |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/1610379 |url-access=registration |date=21 March 1964 |work=[[Le Soir]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=31 January 2025 |page=11 |language=fr |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" | {{Escyr|1965}} | ! scope="row" | {{Escyr|1965}} | ||
| rowspan="2" | {{lang|fr|[[La Première (Belgium)|Premier Programme]]|i=unset}} | | rowspan="2" | {{lang|fr|[[La Première (Belgium)|Premier Programme]]|i=unset}} | ||
| rowspan="10" {{N/A|Unknown}} | | rowspan="10" {{N/A|Unknown}} | ||
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=Télévision {{!}} À la radio |trans-title=Television – On the radio |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/1812461 |url-access=registration |date=20 March 1965 |work=[[Le Soir]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=16 January 2025 |page=11 |language=fr |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref> | | style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=Radio en TV |trans-title=Radio and TV |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/2203252 |url-access=registration |date=20 March 1965 |work=[[De Standaard]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=28 June 2025 |page=21 |language=nl |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Télévision {{!}} À la radio |trans-title=Television – On the radio |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/1812461 |url-access=registration |date=20 March 1965 |work=[[Le Soir]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=16 January 2025 |page=11 |language=fr |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" | {{Escyr|1966}} | ! scope="row" | {{Escyr|1966}} | ||
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=Télévision |trans-title=Television |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/1611952 |url-access=registration |date=5 March 1966 |work=[[Le Soir]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=4 January 2025 |page=11 |language=fr |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=À la radio |trans-title=On the radio |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/1611952 |url-access=registration |date=5 March 1966 |work=[[Le Soir]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=4 January 2025 |page=11 |language=fr |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref> | | style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=Televisie |trans-title=Television |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/2208831 |url-access=registration |date=5 March 1966 |work=[[De Standaard]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=28 June 2025 |page=18 |language=nl |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Télévision |trans-title=Television |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/1611952 |url-access=registration |date=5 March 1966 |work=[[Le Soir]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=4 January 2025 |page=11 |language=fr |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=À la radio |trans-title=On the radio |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/1611952 |url-access=registration |date=5 March 1966 |work=[[Le Soir]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=4 January 2025 |page=11 |language=fr |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" | {{Escyr|1967}} | ! scope="row" | {{Escyr|1967}} | ||
| rowspan="3" | Paule Herreman | | rowspan="3" | Paule Herreman | ||
| [[Musiq'3|RTB 3]] | | [[Musiq'3|RTB 3]] | ||
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=Télévision |trans-title=Television |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/1612292 |url-access=registration |date=8 April 1967 |work=[[Le Soir]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=15 February 2025 |page=11 |language=fr |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=À la radio |trans-title=On the radio |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/1612292 |url-access=registration |date=8 April 1967 |work=[[Le Soir]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=15 February 2025 |page=11 |language=fr |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Was der Rundfunk bringt |trans-title=What the radio brings |url=https://archiv.grenzecho.net/epaper/grenzecho-vom-06-04-1967/?viewer=true |access-date=4 November 2024 |work=[[Grenz-Echo]] and {{ill|St. Vither Zeitung|de}} |date=6 April 1967 |location=[[Eupen]], Belgium |page=8 |language=de}}</ref> | | style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=Televisie |trans-title=Television |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/2204359 |url-access=registration |date=8 April 1967 |work=[[De Standaard]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=28 June 2025 |page=25 |language=nl |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Télévision |trans-title=Television |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/1612292 |url-access=registration |date=8 April 1967 |work=[[Le Soir]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=15 February 2025 |page=11 |language=fr |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=À la radio |trans-title=On the radio |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/1612292 |url-access=registration |date=8 April 1967 |work=[[Le Soir]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=15 February 2025 |page=11 |language=fr |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Was der Rundfunk bringt |trans-title=What the radio brings |url=https://archiv.grenzecho.net/epaper/grenzecho-vom-06-04-1967/?viewer=true |access-date=4 November 2024 |work=[[Grenz-Echo]] and {{ill|St. Vither Zeitung|de}} |date=6 April 1967 |location=[[Eupen]], Belgium |page=8 |language=de}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" | {{Escyr|1968}} | ! scope="row" | {{Escyr|1968}} | ||
| Line 902: | Line 902: | ||
| rowspan="2" | {{ill|Jan Theys|lt=Jan Theys|nl|Jan Theys}} | | rowspan="2" | {{ill|Jan Theys|lt=Jan Theys|nl|Jan Theys}} | ||
| Eugène Senelle | | Eugène Senelle | ||
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=Televisie en radio |trans-title=Television and radio |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/2213735 |url-access=registration |date=29–30 March 1969 |work=[[De Standaard]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=20 December 2024 |page=29 |language=nl |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref name="Story">{{cite news |title=De festival-herinneringen van Jan Theys |trans-title=The festival memories of Jan Theys |url=https://gisterennogvandaag.com/2022/05/20/jan-theys-ik-zag-hoe-de-mythe-rond-julio-iglesias-werd-geboren-story-12-mei-1987/ |access-date=3 January 2023 |work={{ill|Story (Belgian magazine)|nl|Story (Vlaams tijdschrift)|lt=Story}} |date=12 May 1987 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630022005/https://gisterennogvandaag.com/2022/05/20/jan-theys-ik-zag-hoe-de-mythe-rond-julio-iglesias-werd-geboren-story-12-mei-1987/ |archive-date=30 June 2022 |language=nl |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Janssens |first=Emiel |title=Drieluik Madrid, met een viertal kanshebbers naar het uur |trans-title=Triptych Madrid, with four contenders for the hour |work=[[Gazet van Antwerpen]] |location=[[Antwerp]], Belgium |date=29 March 1969 |language=nl}}</ref> | | style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=Televisie en radio |trans-title=Television and radio |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/2213735 |url-access=registration |date=29–30 March 1969 |work=[[De Standaard]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=20 December 2024 |page=29 |language=nl |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref name="Story">{{cite news |title=De festival-herinneringen van Jan Theys |trans-title=The festival memories of Jan Theys |url=https://gisterennogvandaag.com/2022/05/20/jan-theys-ik-zag-hoe-de-mythe-rond-julio-iglesias-werd-geboren-story-12-mei-1987/ |access-date=3 January 2023 |work={{ill|Story (Belgian magazine)|nl|Story (Vlaams tijdschrift)|lt=Story}} |date=12 May 1987 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630022005/https://gisterennogvandaag.com/2022/05/20/jan-theys-ik-zag-hoe-de-mythe-rond-julio-iglesias-werd-geboren-story-12-mei-1987/ |archive-date=30 June 2022 |language=nl |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Télévision {{!}} À la radio |trans-title=Television {{!}} On the radio |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/1613134 |url-access=registration |date=29 March 1969 |work=[[Le Soir]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=28 June 2025 |page=11 |language=fr |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Janssens |first=Emiel |title=Drieluik Madrid, met een viertal kanshebbers naar het uur |trans-title=Triptych Madrid, with four contenders for the hour |work=[[Gazet van Antwerpen]] |location=[[Antwerp]], Belgium |date=29 March 1969 |language=nl}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" | {{Escyr|1970}} | ! scope="row" | {{Escyr|1970}} | ||
| Line 909: | Line 909: | ||
| {{N/A|Unknown}} | | {{N/A|Unknown}} | ||
| {{N/A|Unknown}} | | {{N/A|Unknown}} | ||
| style="text-align:center" | <ref name="Story" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Radio– en TV–programma's van zaterdag 21 maart 1970 |trans-title=Radio and TV programmes of Saturday 21 March 1970 |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/2222261 |url-access=registration |date=21 March 1970 |work=[[De Standaard]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=2 February 2025 |page=29 |language=nl |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Songfestival ook an radio |trans-title=Song contest also on radio |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/2222261 |url-access=registration |date=21 March 1970 |work=[[De Standaard]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=4 March 2025 |page=7 |language=nl |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref> | | style="text-align:center" | <ref name="Story" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Radio– en TV–programma's van zaterdag 21 maart 1970 |trans-title=Radio and TV programmes of Saturday 21 March 1970 |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/2222261 |url-access=registration |date=21 March 1970 |work=[[De Standaard]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=2 February 2025 |page=29 |language=nl |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Songfestival ook an radio |trans-title=Song contest also on radio |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/2222261 |url-access=registration |date=21 March 1970 |work=[[De Standaard]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=4 March 2025 |page=7 |language=nl |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Télévision {{!}} À la radio |trans-title=Television {{!}} On the radio |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/1612583 |url-access=registration |date=21 March 1970 |work=[[Le Soir]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=28 June 2025 |pages=12–13 |language=fr |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" | {{Escyr|1971}} | ! scope="row" | {{Escyr|1971}} | ||
| Line 924: | Line 924: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" | {{Escyr|1973}} | ! scope="row" | {{Escyr|1973}} | ||
| rowspan=" | | rowspan="5" | [[Radio 1 (Belgium)|BRT 1]] | ||
| {{N/A|Unknown}} | | {{N/A|Unknown}} | ||
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=TV–programma's van zaterdag 7 april 1973 |trans-title=TV programmes of Saturday 7 April 1973 |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/2251973 |url-access=registration |date=7 April 1973 |work=[[De Standaard]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=2 May 2025 |page=30 |language=nl |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Radio |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/2251973 |url-access=registration |date=7 April 1973 |work=[[De Standaard]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=2 May 2025 |page=29 |language=nl |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title=SA abends 7. april |trans-title=SA evening 7 April |url=https://viewer.eluxemburgensia.lu/ark:70795/5k19qzqc55/pages/132 |magazine=[[Revue (magazine)|tv-revue]] |location=Luxembourg City, Luxembourg |access-date=15 May 2024 |language=de, fr |volume=28 |issue=14 |pages=4–7 |date=6–12 April 1973 |via=[[National Library of Luxembourg]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Radio- und TV-programm |trans-title=Radio and TV schedule |url=https://archiv.grenzecho.net/epaper/grenzecho-vom-06-04-1973/?viewer=true |access-date=4 November 2024 |work=[[Grenz-Echo]] and {{ill|St. Vither Zeitung|de}} |date=6 April 1973 |location=[[Eupen]], Belgium |page=5 |language=de}}</ref> | | style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=TV–programma's van zaterdag 7 april 1973 |trans-title=TV programmes of Saturday 7 April 1973 |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/2251973 |url-access=registration |date=7 April 1973 |work=[[De Standaard]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=2 May 2025 |page=30 |language=nl |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Radio |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/2251973 |url-access=registration |date=7 April 1973 |work=[[De Standaard]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=2 May 2025 |page=29 |language=nl |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title=SA abends 7. april |trans-title=SA evening 7 April |url=https://viewer.eluxemburgensia.lu/ark:70795/5k19qzqc55/pages/132 |magazine=[[Revue (magazine)|tv-revue]] |location=Luxembourg City, Luxembourg |access-date=15 May 2024 |language=de, fr |volume=28 |issue=14 |pages=4–7 |date=6–12 April 1973 |via=[[National Library of Luxembourg]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Radio- und TV-programm |trans-title=Radio and TV schedule |url=https://archiv.grenzecho.net/epaper/grenzecho-vom-06-04-1973/?viewer=true |access-date=4 November 2024 |work=[[Grenz-Echo]] and {{ill|St. Vither Zeitung|de}} |date=6 April 1973 |location=[[Eupen]], Belgium |page=5 |language=de}}</ref> | ||
| Line 950: | Line 950: | ||
| rowspan="13" | TV1 | | rowspan="13" | TV1 | ||
| rowspan="2" | [[Luc Appermont]] | | rowspan="2" | [[Luc Appermont]] | ||
| RTB1 | | RTB1 | ||
| rowspan="2" {{N/A|Unknown}} | | rowspan="2" {{N/A|Unknown}} | ||
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title= | | style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=TV–programma's van zaterdag 7 mei 1977 |trans-title=TV programmes of Saturday 7 May 1977 |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/2262522 |url-access=registration |date=3 April 1976 |work=[[De Standaard]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=7 June 2025 |page=2/13 |language=nl |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Radio en televisie dit weekend |trans-title=Radio and television this weekend |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010563331:mpeg21:p007 |access-date=9 January 2023 |work=[[Limburgs Dagblad]] |date=7 May 1977 |page=7 |location=[[Heerlen]], Netherlands |language=nl |via=Delpher}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" | {{Escyr|1978}} | ! scope="row" | {{Escyr|1978}} | ||
| | | colspan="2" {{N/A|Unknown}} | ||
| rowspan="5" | RTBF1 | | rowspan="5" | RTBF1 | ||
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=T.V. Programma's |trans-title=T.V. Programmes |url=https://aalst.courant.nu/issue/DVP/1978-04-21/edition/0/page/30 |access-date=10 January 2023 |work=De Voorpost |date=21 April 1978 |pages=30–31 |location=[[Aalst, Belgium|Aalst]], Belgium |language=nl |via=Stadsarchief Aalst}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Een avondje thuis nietsnutten: Zoutloos songfestival |trans-title=An evening at home doing nothing: Saltless song festival |url=https://aalst.courant.nu/issue/DVP/1978-04-28/edition/0/page/32 |access-date=26 December 2024 |work=De Voorpost |date=28 April 1978 |page=32 |location=Aalst, Belgium |language=nl |via=Stadsarchief Aalst}}</ref> | | style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=T.V. Programma's |trans-title=T.V. Programmes |url=https://aalst.courant.nu/issue/DVP/1978-04-21/edition/0/page/30 |access-date=10 January 2023 |work=De Voorpost |date=21 April 1978 |pages=30–31 |location=[[Aalst, Belgium|Aalst]], Belgium |language=nl |via=Stadsarchief Aalst}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Een avondje thuis nietsnutten: Zoutloos songfestival |trans-title=An evening at home doing nothing: Saltless song festival |url=https://aalst.courant.nu/issue/DVP/1978-04-28/edition/0/page/32 |access-date=26 December 2024 |work=De Voorpost |date=28 April 1978 |page=32 |location=Aalst, Belgium |language=nl |via=Stadsarchief Aalst}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" | {{Escyr|1979}} | ! scope="row" | {{Escyr|1979}} | ||
| rowspan="2" {{N/A| | | {{N/A|Unknown}} | ||
| rowspan="3" colspan="2" {{N/A|No radio broadcast}} | |||
| Paule Herreman | | Paule Herreman | ||
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=TV Programma's BRT – NED. 1 & 2 – RTB – FR. 1, 2 & 3 |trans-title=TV Programmes BRT – NED. 1 & 2 – RTB – FR. 1, 2 & 3 |url=https://zoeken.krantencollectie.be/detail.php?nav_id=4-4&index=107&imgid=3927057&id=3927061 |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=Gazet van Halle |date=30 March 1979 |page=4 |location=[[Halle, Belgium|Halle]], Belgium |language=nl |via=Krantencollectie.be}}</ref> | | style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=TV Programma's BRT – NED. 1 & 2 – RTB – FR. 1, 2 & 3 |trans-title=TV Programmes BRT – NED. 1 & 2 – RTB – FR. 1, 2 & 3 |url=https://zoeken.krantencollectie.be/detail.php?nav_id=4-4&index=107&imgid=3927057&id=3927061 |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=Gazet van Halle |date=30 March 1979 |page=4 |location=[[Halle, Belgium|Halle]], Belgium |language=nl |via=Krantencollectie.be}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Radio |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/2245981 |url-access=registration |date=31 March 1979 |work=[[De Standaard]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=7 June 2025 |page=2/21 |language=nl |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" | {{Escyr|1980}} | ! scope="row" | {{Escyr|1980}} | ||
| rowspan=" | | rowspan="11" | Luc Appermont | ||
| [[Jacques Mercier]] | |||
| rowspan="2" | RTBF Radio 1 | | rowspan="2" | RTBF Radio 1 | ||
| rowspan="4" {{N/A|Unknown}} | | rowspan="4" {{N/A|Unknown}} | ||
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title= | | style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=TV–programma's van zaterdag 19 april 1980 |trans-title=TV programmes of Saturday 19 April 1980 |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/2264425 |url-access=registration |date=19 April 1980 |work=[[De Standaard]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=15 June 2025 |page=2/19 |language=nl |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Rundfunk-programm |trans-title=Radio programme |url=https://archiv.grenzecho.net/epaper/grenzecho-vom-18-04-1980/?download=true |access-date=4 November 2024 |work=[[Grenz-Echo]] and {{ill|St. Vither Zeitung|de}} |date=18 April 1980 |location=[[Eupen]], Belgium |page=4 |language=de}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" | {{Escyr|1981}} | ! scope="row" | {{Escyr|1981}} | ||
| rowspan=" | | rowspan="5" {{N/A|Unknown}} | ||
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title= | | style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=TV–programma's van zaterdag 4 april 1981 |trans-title=TV programmes of Saturday 4 April 1981 |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/2268818 |url-access=registration |date=4 April 1981 |work=[[De Standaard]] |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |access-date=27 June 2025 |page=2/15 |language=nl |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=programmes TV |trans-title=TV Programmes |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/2120867 |access-date=17 February 2025 |work={{ill|Le Drapeau rouge (newspaper)|fr|Le Drapeau rouge (journal)|lt=Le Drapeau rouge}} |url-access=registration |date=4–5 April 1981 |page=11 |language=fr |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Rundfunk-programm |trans-title=Radio programme |url=https://archiv.grenzecho.net/epaper/grenzecho-vom-03-04-1981/?download=true |access-date=4 November 2024 |work=[[Grenz-Echo]] and {{ill|St. Vither Zeitung|de}} |date=3 April 1981 |location=[[Eupen]], Belgium |page=4 |language=de}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" | {{Escyr|1982}} | ! scope="row" | {{Escyr|1982}} | ||
| colspan="2" {{N/A|Unknown}} | |||
| RTBF Radio 1, {{lang|fr|[[Classic 21|Bruxelles 21]]|i=unset}} | | RTBF Radio 1, {{lang|fr|[[Classic 21|Bruxelles 21]]|i=unset}} | ||
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=programmes TV {{!}} radio |trans-title=TV programmes {{!}} radio |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/2129528 |access-date=28 November 2024 |work={{ill|Le Drapeau rouge (newspaper)|fr|Le Drapeau rouge (journal)|lt=Le Drapeau rouge}} |url-access=registration |date=24–25 April 1982 |page=11 |language=fr |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Eurovision Song Contest 1982 |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |location=London, England |date=24 April 1982 |chapter=Location of Commentary Positions/Emplacement des commentateurs étrangers}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=D'er effe uit krant – Zaterdag 24 april |trans-title=Out of the newspaper – Saturday 24 April |url=https://aalst.courant.nu/issue/DVP/1982-04-23/edition/0/page/12 |access-date=12 January 2023 |work=De Voorpost |date=23 April 1982 |page=12 |location=[[Aalst, Belgium|Aalst]], Belgium |language=nl |archive-date=12 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230112183000/https://aalst.courant.nu/issue/DVP/1982-04-23/edition/0/page/12 |via=Stadsarchief Aalst |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Radio televisie |trans-title=Radio television |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=KBPERS01:002987020:mpeg21:p00009 |access-date=12 January 2023 |work=[[Algemeen Dagblad]] |date=24 April 1982 |page=9 |location=[[Rotterdam]], Netherlands |language=nl |via=[[Delpher]]}}</ref> | | style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=programmes TV {{!}} radio |trans-title=TV programmes {{!}} radio |url=https://uurl.kbr.be/2129528 |access-date=28 November 2024 |work={{ill|Le Drapeau rouge (newspaper)|fr|Le Drapeau rouge (journal)|lt=Le Drapeau rouge}} |url-access=registration |date=24–25 April 1982 |page=11 |language=fr |location=[[Brussels]], Belgium |via={{ill|BelgicaPress|nl}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Eurovision Song Contest 1982 |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |location=London, England |date=24 April 1982 |chapter=Location of Commentary Positions/Emplacement des commentateurs étrangers}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=D'er effe uit krant – Zaterdag 24 april |trans-title=Out of the newspaper – Saturday 24 April |url=https://aalst.courant.nu/issue/DVP/1982-04-23/edition/0/page/12 |access-date=12 January 2023 |work=De Voorpost |date=23 April 1982 |page=12 |location=[[Aalst, Belgium|Aalst]], Belgium |language=nl |archive-date=12 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230112183000/https://aalst.courant.nu/issue/DVP/1982-04-23/edition/0/page/12 |via=Stadsarchief Aalst |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Radio televisie |trans-title=Radio television |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=KBPERS01:002987020:mpeg21:p00009 |access-date=12 January 2023 |work=[[Algemeen Dagblad]] |date=24 April 1982 |page=9 |location=[[Rotterdam]], Netherlands |language=nl |via=[[Delpher]]}}</ref> | ||
| Line 1,017: | Line 1,019: | ||
! scope="row" | {{Escyr|1989}} | ! scope="row" | {{Escyr|1989}} | ||
| Ann Lepère | | Ann Lepère | ||
| | | Jacques Mercier | ||
| style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=Radio/Televisie |trans-title=Radio/Television |url=https://leiden.courant.nu/issue/LLC/1989-05-06/edition/0/page/20 |access-date=12 December 2022 |work=[[Leydse Courant|Leidse Courant]] |language=nl |date=6 May 1989 |page=20 |location=[[Leiden]], Netherlands |archive-date=12 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212112712/https://leiden.courant.nu/issue/LLC/1989-05-06/edition/0/page/20 |via=Erfgoed Leiden en Omstreken |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title=Samstag, 6 Mai {{!}} Samedi, 6 mai |trans-title=Saturday 6 May |url=https://viewer.eluxemburgensia.lu/ark:70795/wcv1b9p58j/pages/76 |magazine={{lang|fr|[[Revue (magazine)|Agenda]]|i=unset}} |location=[[Luxembourg City]], Luxembourg |access-date=15 May 2024 |language=fr, de, lb |pages=10–13 |volume=45 |issue=18 |date=3 May 1989 |archive-date=15 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515143533/https://viewer.eluxemburgensia.lu/ark:70795/wcv1b9p58j/pages/76 |via=[[National Library of Luxembourg]] |url-status=live}}</ref> | | style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=Radio/Televisie |trans-title=Radio/Television |url=https://leiden.courant.nu/issue/LLC/1989-05-06/edition/0/page/20 |access-date=12 December 2022 |work=[[Leydse Courant|Leidse Courant]] |language=nl |date=6 May 1989 |page=20 |location=[[Leiden]], Netherlands |archive-date=12 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212112712/https://leiden.courant.nu/issue/LLC/1989-05-06/edition/0/page/20 |via=Erfgoed Leiden en Omstreken |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title=Samstag, 6 Mai {{!}} Samedi, 6 mai |trans-title=Saturday 6 May |url=https://viewer.eluxemburgensia.lu/ark:70795/wcv1b9p58j/pages/76 |magazine={{lang|fr|[[Revue (magazine)|Agenda]]|i=unset}} |location=[[Luxembourg City]], Luxembourg |access-date=15 May 2024 |language=fr, de, lb |pages=10–13 |volume=45 |issue=18 |date=3 May 1989 |archive-date=15 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515143533/https://viewer.eluxemburgensia.lu/ark:70795/wcv1b9p58j/pages/76 |via=[[National Library of Luxembourg]] |url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
Latest revision as of 18:32, 28 June 2025
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template other
Belgium has been represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 66 times since making its debut as one of seven countries at the first contest in Template:Escyr. The only countries with more appearances are Template:Esccnty (68), Template:Esccnty (67) and the Template:Esccnty (67). Belgium has been absent only three times in total, in Template:Escyr, Template:Escyr, and Template:Escyr, due to low scores in the previous contests that relegated them from the contest. Belgium has won the contest once, in Template:Escyr.
In the first 20 years of the contest, Belgium's best result was a fourth place with "Script error: No such module "Lang"." performed by Tonia in Template:Escyr. In Template:Escyr, "Script error: No such module "Lang"." by Jean Vallée achieved Belgium's first top three placement, when it was second. "Script error: No such module "Lang"." became the first and to date only win for Belgium in 1986, performed by a 13-year-old Sandra Kim. Belgium's only other top three result came in Template:Escyr, when "Sanomi" by Urban Trad finished second, losing out by only two points. Belgium has finished last in the contest eight times, most recently in Template:Escyr, and has twice received nul points, in Template:Escyr and Template:Escyr.
After the introduction of the semi-finals in Template:Escyr, Belgium failed to reach the final for five consecutive years (2005–09). Since 2010, Belgium has become more successful, qualifying for the final in eight out of fifteen contests and placing in the top ten five times, with "Me and My Guitar" by Tom Dice (sixth in Template:Escyr), "Rhythm Inside" by Loïc Nottet (fourth in Template:Escyr), "What's the Pressure" by Laura Tesoro (tenth in Template:Escyr), "City Lights" by Blanche (fourth in Template:Escyr), and "Because of You" by Gustaph (seventh in Template:Escyr).
Participation
Belgium is a federal country divided into two major linguistic regions: Dutch-speaking Flanders in the north and French-speaking Wallonia in the south, each region having its own broadcaster: Script error: No such module "Lang". (VRT)Template:Efn in Flanders and Script error: No such module "Lang". (RTBF)Template:Efn in Wallonia. Both broadcasters are full members of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), thus eligible to participate in the Eurovision Song Contest. As only one entrant per country is allowed in the contest in any given year, they take turns in participate representing Belgium. Since 2021, VRT has been in charge on odd years while RTBF has been in charge on even years, with both broadcasters sharing the broadcasting rights.
Contest history
Belgium has participated in Eurovision since the very first contest in Template:Escyr, however Tonia's fourth place at the Template:Escyr contest remained the country's most notable achievement until Jean Vallée placed second in Template:Escyr. In the 80s, following good results for Stella (fourth in Template:Escyr) and Jacques Zegers (fifth in Template:Escyr), Belgium finished last for the sixth time in Template:Escyr. This was followed by Belgium's first and (Template:As of) only Eurovision victory in 1986, when Sandra Kim won with her song "J'aime la vie". Although the lyrics claimed she was 15 years old, she was actually only 13 which prompted runner-up Switzerland to petition for her disqualification, to no avail.Template:Efn By winning in 1986, Belgium became the last of the seven Eurovision founding countries to win the contest, as Switzerland, the Netherlands, France, Luxembourg, Italy and Germany all had won at least once before. Belgium scored an absolute record at the time, with Kim earning a never-seen-before number of 176 points (that record remained until 1993, with Ireland scoring 187 points). With an average of 9.26 points per voting nation and 77.2% of the maximum possible score, Template:As of, Kim's record still ranks eighth among all Eurovision winners.
Belgium finished last for the seventh time at the Template:Escyr contest, before achieving its only top ten result of the 90s decade at the Template:Escyr contest, where Mélanie Cohl finished sixth. In the 2000s, Belgium experienced mixed fortunes: the country started the decade by finishing last for the eighth and (Template:As of) final time at the Template:Escyr contest in Stockholm, before achieving its best result of the 21st century in 2003 when Urban Trad sang in an imaginary language and earned second place with 165 points, losing out to Turkey's Sertab Erener by just two points. The country then failed to qualify from the semi-finals for 5 consecutive contests from 2005 to 2009.
The Template:Escyr entry for Belgium was Tom Dice, runner-up of the Belgian Flemish version of The X Factor in 2008. Dice finished first in his semi-final, allowing Belgium to participate in the final for the first time since 2004 and eventually finishing sixth overall, Belgium's best result since 2003 and the best result ever for a Flemish entrant (tied with Template:Escyr).[1] Belgium then experienced a mix of ups and downs for the remainder of the 2010s: while the country failed to qualify for the final on five occasions (in 2011, 2012, 2014, 2018 and 2019), Belgium qualified in 2013 (with Roberto Bellarosa placing 12th) before scoring a three-year streak in the top ten, thanks to Loïc Nottet (fourth in Template:Escyr), Laura Tesoro (tenth in Template:Escyr) and Blanche (fourth in Template:Escyr). Following two non-qualifications with Sennek (Template:Escyr) and Eliot (Template:Escyr), Belgium recorded three consecutive qualifications with Hooverphonic (Template:Escyr), Jérémie Makiese (Template:Escyr) and Gustaph (Template:Escyr), the latter finishing in seventh place overall.
Disparity between broadcasters
There has been a significant difference in the results achieved by the Belgian participating broadcasters.[2] The Walloon broadcasters recorded Belgium's only win in Template:Escyr, all of Belgium's ten top-five placements, and 18 out of Belgium's 26 top ten placements. On the other hand, the Flemish broadcasters have placed in the top ten eight times, while scoring six out of Belgium's eight last-place finishes.[2] In the 1990s, the relegation rule was introduced, where the lowest-placing countries would not be allowed to compete the following year, to accommodate for the growing number of participating countries. Belgium was relegated three times, in Template:Escyr, Template:Escyr, and Template:Escyr; twice following a poor placing by a Flemish BRTN act the previous year, and once after Walloon RTBF act, "Script error: No such module "Lang"." by Nathalie Sorce, placed last in 2000.[2]
Since the introduction of semi-finals in 2004, the broadcasters have scored similarly in terms of qualification: Template:As of, RTBF and VRT each qualified four times out of ten semi-finals.[3]
Participation overview
| 1 | First place |
| 2 | Second place |
| 3 | Third place |
| ◁ | Last place |
| X | Entry selected but did not compete |
| Year | Artist | Song | Language | Final | Points | Semi | Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Escyr | Fud Leclerc | "Script error: No such module "Lang"." | French | rowspan="2" Template:N/ATemplate:Efn | rowspan="2" Template:N/ATemplate:Efn | rowspan="38" colspan="2" Template:N/A | |
| Mony Marc | "Script error: No such module "Lang"." | French | |||||
| Template:Escyr | Bobbejaan Schoepen | "Script error: No such module "Lang"." | Dutch | 8 | 5 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Fud Leclerc | "Script error: No such module "Lang"." | French | 5 | 8 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Bob Benny | "Script error: No such module "Lang"." | Dutch | 6 | 9 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Fud Leclerc | "Script error: No such module "Lang"." | French | 6 | 9 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Bob Benny | "Script error: No such module "Lang"." | Dutch | 15 ◁ | 1 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Fud Leclerc | "Script error: No such module "Lang"." | French | 13 ◁ | 0 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Jacques Raymond | "Script error: No such module "Lang"." | Dutch | 10 | 4 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Robert Cogoi | "Script error: No such module "Lang"." | French | 10 | 2 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Lize Marke | "Script error: No such module "Lang"." | Dutch | 15 ◁ | 0 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Tonia | "Script error: No such module "Lang"." | French | 4 | 14 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Louis Neefs | "Script error: No such module "Lang"." | Dutch | 7 | 8 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Claude Lombard | "Script error: No such module "Lang"." | French | 7 | 8 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Louis Neefs | "Jennifer Jennings" | Dutch | 7 | 10 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Jean Vallée | "Script error: No such module "Lang"." | French | 8 | 5 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Jacques Raymond and Lily Castel | "Script error: No such module "Lang"." | Dutch | 14 | 68 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Serge and Christine Ghisoland | "Script error: No such module "Lang"." | French | 17 | 55 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Nicole and Hugo | "Baby Baby" | Dutch | 17 ◁ | 58 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Jacques Hustin | "Script error: No such module "Lang"." | French | 9 | 10 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Ann Christy | "Script error: No such module "Lang"." | Dutch, English | 15 | 17 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Pierre Rapsat | "Script error: No such module "Lang"." | French | 8 | 68 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Dream Express | "A Million in One, Two, Three" | English | 7 | 69 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Jean Vallée | "Script error: No such module "Lang"." | French | 2 | 125 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Micha Marah | "Hey Nana" | Dutch | 18 ◁ | 5 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Telex | "Euro-Vision" | French | 17 | 14 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Emly Starr | "Samson" | Dutch | 13 | 40 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Stella | "Script error: No such module "Lang"." | French | 4 | 96 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Pas de Deux | "Script error: No such module "Lang"." | Dutch | 18 | 13 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Jacques Zegers | "Avanti la vie" | French | 5 | 70 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Linda Lepomme | "Script error: No such module "Lang"." | Dutch | 19 ◁ | 7 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Sandra Kim | "Script error: No such module "Lang"." | French | 1 | 176 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Liliane Saint-Pierre | "Soldiers of Love" | Dutch | 11 | 56 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Reynaert | "Script error: No such module "Lang"." | French | 18 | 5 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Ingeborg | "Script error: No such module "Lang"." | Dutch | 19 | 13 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Philippe Lafontaine | "Script error: No such module "Lang"." | French | 12 | 46 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Clouseau | "Script error: No such module "Lang"." | Dutch | 16 | 23 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Morgane | "Script error: No such module "Lang"." | French | 20 | 11 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Barbara | "Script error: No such module "Lang"." | Dutch | 25 ◁ | 3 | colspan="2" Template:N/A | |
| Template:Escyr | Frédéric Etherlinck | "Script error: No such module "Lang"." | French | 20 | 8 | colspan="2" Template:N/A | |
| Template:Escyr | Lisa del Bo | "Script error: No such module "Lang"." | Dutch | 16 | 22 | 12 | 45 |
| Template:Escyr | Mélanie Cohl | "Script error: No such module "Lang"." | French | 6 | 122 | rowspan="5" colspan="2" Template:N/A | |
| Template:Escyr | Vanessa Chinitor | "Like the Wind" | English | 12 | 38 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Nathalie Sorce | "Script error: No such module "Lang"." | French | 24 ◁ | 2 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Sergio and the Ladies | "Sister" | English | 13 | 33 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Urban Trad | "Sanomi" | Imaginary | 2 | 165 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Xandee | "1 Life" | English | 22 | 7 | colspan="2" Template:N/ATemplate:Efn | |
| Template:Escyr | Nuno Resende | "Script error: No such module "Lang"." | French | rowspan="5" colspan="2" Template:N/A | 22 | 29 | |
| Template:Escyr | Kate Ryan | "Script error: No such module "Lang"." | English | 12 | 69 | ||
| Template:Escyr | The KMG's | "Love Power" | English | 26 | 14 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Ishtar | "O Julissi" | Imaginary | 17 | 16 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Copycat | "Copycat" | English | 17 | 1 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Tom Dice | "Me and My Guitar" | English | 6 | 143 | 1 | 167 |
| Template:Escyr | Witloof Bay | "With Love Baby" | English | rowspan="2" colspan="2" Template:N/A | 11 | 53 | |
| Template:Escyr | Iris | "Would You?" | English | 17 | 16 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Roberto Bellarosa | "Love Kills" | English | 12 | 71 | 5 | 75 |
| Template:Escyr | Axel Hirsoux | "Mother" | English | colspan="2" Template:N/A | 14 | 28 | |
| Template:Escyr | Loïc Nottet | "Rhythm Inside" | English | 4 | 217 | 2 | 149 |
| Template:Escyr | Laura Tesoro | "What's the Pressure" | English | 10 | 181 | 3 | 274 |
| Template:Escyr | Blanche | "City Lights" | English | 4 | 363 | 4 | 165 |
| Template:Escyr | Sennek | "A Matter of Time" | English | colspan="2" rowspan="2" Template:N/A | 12 | 91 | |
| Template:Escyr | Eliot | "Wake Up" | English | 13 | 70 | ||
| Template:Escyr | Hooverphonic | "Release Me" | English | colspan="4" Template:N/ATemplate:Efn X | |||
| Template:Escyr | Hooverphonic | "The Wrong Place" | English | 19 | 74 | 9 | 117 |
| Template:Escyr | Jérémie Makiese | "Miss You" | English | 19 | 64 | 8 | 151 |
| Template:Escyr | Gustaph | "Because of You" | English | 7 | 182 | 8 | 90 |
| Template:Escyr | Mustii | "Before the Party's Over" | English | rowspan="2" colspan="2" Template:N/A | 13 | 18 | |
| Template:Escyr | Red Sebastian | "Strobe Lights" | English | 14 | 23 |
Hostings
| Year | Location | Venue | Presenter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Escyr | Brussels | Centenary Palace | Viktor Lazlo |
Awards
Barbara Dex Award
Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote".
| Year | Performer | Host city | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Escyr | Nathalie Sorce | Template:Flagicon Stockholm | Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Related involvement
Conductors
Commentators and spokespersons
Over the years, commentary for the contest on VRT and RTBF has been provided by several experienced radio and television presenters, including Piet de Nuyl Jr., Jacques Mercier, Luc Appermont and Paule Herreman. From 1991, André Vermeulen provided the Dutch-language commentary every year except 1996. Jean-Pierre Hautier provided French-language commentary from 1994 to 2012, later dying shortly after the 2012 contest. In 1962, BRT retransmitted the commentary feed from the Dutch broadcaster NTS, possibly for financial reasons.
VRT supplied an additional commentator to join André Vermeulen starting in 1998; between 1999 and 2010, dual commentary was provided by either Bart Peeters or Anja Daems. Peeters provided the commentary during the years when VRT selected the entries, whilst Daems commentated the years in which RTBF selected the entries. Sven Pichal replaced Daems in 2011, whilst Peter Van de Veire replaced Peeters. In 2007, Jean-Louis Lahaye joined Jean-Pierre Hautier as a supplementary commentator for RTBF. After Hautier's death in 2012, Lahaye was joined by Maureen Louys in 2013.
| Year | Flemish Community (VRT) | French Community (RTBF) | Spokesperson | Ref. | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Television | Radio | Television | Radio | |||||||
| Channel | Commentator(s) | Channel | Commentator(s) | Channel | Commentator(s) | Channel | Commentator(s) | |||
| Template:Escyr | NIR | Piet te Nuyl Jr.Template:Efn | colspan="2" Template:N/A | INR | Template:IllTemplate:Efn | rowspan="2" colspan="2" Template:N/A | Template:N/A | [8][9] | ||
| Template:Escyr | rowspan="3" Template:N/A | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Template:N/A | Robert BeauvaisTemplate:Efn | rowspan="12" Template:N/A | [10][11] | ||||
| Template:Escyr | rowspan="12" colspan="2" Template:N/A | Template:N/A | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Template:N/A | [12][13] | |||||
| Template:Escyr | Paule Herreman | rowspan="6" colspan="2" Template:N/A | [14][15][16] | |||||||
| Template:Escyr | Template:Ill | Template:Ill | [17][18][19] | |||||||
| Template:Escyr | BRT | RTB | Robert BeauvaisTemplate:Efn | [20][21][22] | ||||||
| Template:Escyr | Willem DuysTemplate:Efn | Template:N/A | [23][24][25] | |||||||
| Template:Escyr | Template:Ill and Denise Maes | Pierre Delhasse | [26][27][28] | |||||||
| Template:Escyr | rowspan="5" Template:N/A | rowspan="3" Template:N/A | [29][30] | |||||||
| Template:Escyr | Script error: No such module "Lang". | rowspan="10" Template:N/A | [31][32] | |||||||
| Template:Escyr | [33][34][35] | |||||||||
| Template:Escyr | Paule Herreman | RTB 3 | [36][37][38][39] | |||||||
| Template:Escyr | RTB 1 | [40][41] | ||||||||
| Template:Escyr | Template:Ill | Eugène Senelle | [42][43][44][45] | |||||||
| Template:Escyr | Template:Ill | Rudi Sinia | Template:N/A | Template:N/A | [43][46][47][48] | |||||
| Template:Escyr | Anton Peters | Template:Ill | Paule Herreman | rowspan="3" Template:N/A | [49][50][51] | |||||
| Template:Escyr | rowspan="2" Template:N/A | colspan="2" Template:N/A | [52] | |||||||
| Template:Escyr | BRT 1 | Template:N/A | [53][54][55][56] | |||||||
| Template:Escyr | Template:Ill | Herman Verelst | rowspan="13" Template:N/A | [57][58][59][60] | ||||||
| Template:Escyr | Template:Ill and Robrecht Willaert | Jen Geysen and Robrecht Willaert | Template:N/A | rowspan="5" colspan="2" Template:N/A | [61][62] | |||||
| Template:Escyr | Template:N/A | rowspan="2" Template:N/A | Paule Herreman | [63] | ||||||
| Template:Escyr | TV1 | Luc Appermont | RTB1 | rowspan="2" Template:N/A | [64][65] | |||||
| Template:Escyr | colspan="2" Template:N/A | RTBF1 | [66][67] | |||||||
| Template:Escyr | Template:N/A | rowspan="3" colspan="2" Template:N/A | Paule Herreman | [68][69] | ||||||
| Template:Escyr | Luc Appermont | Jacques Mercier | RTBF Radio 1 | rowspan="4" Template:N/A | [70][71] | |||||
| Template:Escyr | rowspan="5" Template:N/A | [72][73][74] | ||||||||
| Template:Escyr | colspan="2" Template:N/A | RTBF Radio 1, Script error: No such module "Lang". | [75][76][77][78] | |||||||
| Template:Escyr | BRT 2 | rowspan="2" Template:N/A | Télé 2 | RTBF Radio 1 | [79][80][81][82] | |||||
| Template:Escyr | RTBF1, Télé 2 | rowspan="3" colspan="2" Template:N/A | [83][84][85] | |||||||
| Template:Escyr | colspan="2" Template:N/A | [86][87][88][89] | ||||||||
| Template:Escyr | BRT 2 | rowspan="3" Template:N/A | Template:Ill | [90] | ||||||
| Template:Escyr | RTBF1 | Template:N/A | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Template:N/A | An Ploegaerts | [91][92][93][94] | ||||
| Template:Escyr | Pierre Collard-Bovy | rowspan="12" colspan="2" Template:N/A | rowspan="6" Template:N/A | [95][96][97] | ||||||
| Template:Escyr | Ann Lepère | Jacques Mercier | [98][99] | |||||||
| Template:Escyr | TV2 | rowspan="2" Template:N/A | Claude Delacroix | [100][101][102] | ||||||
| Template:Escyr | TV1, TV2 | André Vermeulen | Radio 2 | [103][104] | ||||||
| Template:Escyr | Template:Ill and Template:Ill | [105][106][107][108] | ||||||||
| Template:Escyr | TV1 | colspan="2" Template:N/A | RTBF1, Script error: No such module "Lang". | [109][110] | ||||||
| Template:Escyr | TV2 | Radio 2 | Marc Brillouet and Julien Put | RTBF1 | Jean-Pierre Hautier | Template:N/A | [111][112][113] | |||
| Template:Escyr | TV1 | colspan="2" Template:N/A | Marie-Françoise Renson | [114][115][116][117][118] | ||||||
| Template:Escyr | Michel Follet and Johan Verstreken | Radio 2 | Template:Ill and Bart Pieters | Jean-Pierre Hautier and Sandra Kim | An Ploegaerts | [119][120][121][122][123][124] | ||||
| Template:Escyr | André Vermeulen | colspan="2" Template:N/A | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Jean-Pierre Hautier | Template:N/A | [115][125][126] | ||||
| Template:Escyr | André Vermeulen and Template:Ill | Radio 2 | André Vermeulen and Andrea Croonenberghs | Marie-Hélène Vanderborght | [127][128][129][130] | |||||
| Template:Escyr | André Vermeulen and Bart Peeters | colspan="2" rowspan="3" Template:N/A | Template:Ill | [131][132][133][134] | ||||||
| Template:Escyr | André Vermeulen and Anja Daems | Script error: No such module "Lang". | colspan="2" rowspan="5" Template:N/A | Thomas Van Hamme | [135][136][137][138] | |||||
| Template:Escyr | Template:N/A | [139][140][141] | ||||||||
| Template:Escyr | André Vermeulen and Bart Peeters | Radio 2 | Filip Pletinckx and Template:Ill | Template:Ill | [132][142][143] | |||||
| Radio Donna | Template:Ill | |||||||||
| Template:Escyr | André Vermeulen and Anja Daems | colspan="2" rowspan="3" Template:N/A | Script error: No such module "Lang"., RTBF Sat | Template:Ill | [144][145][146][147] | |||||
| Template:Escyr | Template:N/A | Script error: No such module "Lang". (Final) | Script error: No such module "Lang". (Final) | Template:N/A | Template:Ill | [148][149][150][151][152] | ||||
| Template:Escyr | Script error: No such module "Lang". | André Vermeulen and Anja Daems | Script error: No such module "Lang"., RTBF Sat | Template:Ill (Semi-final) Jean-Pierre Hautier (Final) |
colspan="2" rowspan="2" Template:N/A | Template:Ill | [145][153][154][155][156][157][158][159] | |||
| Template:Escyr | André Vermeulen and Bart Peeters | Radio 2 | Template:N/A | Jean-Pierre Hautier | Yasmine | [160][161][162][163][164][165][166] | ||||
| Template:Escyr | André Vermeulen and Anja Daems | colspan="2" rowspan="4" Template:N/A | Jean-Louis Lahaye and Jean-Pierre Hautier | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Template:N/A | Maureen Louys | [167][168][169][170][171][172][173] | |||
| Template:Escyr | Script error: No such module "Lang". (SF1/Final) Script error: No such module "Lang". (SF2) |
André Vermeulen and Bart Peeters | Script error: No such module "Lang". (SF1/Final) | colspan="2" rowspan="6" Template:N/A | Template:Ill | [174][175][176][177][178] | ||||
| Template:Escyr | Script error: No such module "Lang". | André Vermeulen and Anja Daems | Script error: No such module "Lang"., RTBF Sat | Maureen Louys | [179][180][181][182][183][184][185] | |||||
| Template:Escyr | André Vermeulen and Bart Peeters | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Template:Ill | |||||||
| Template:Escyr | André Vermeulen and Sven Pichal | Radio 2 | André Vermeulen and Sven Pichal | Maureen Louys | [186][187][188] | |||||
| Template:Escyr | Script error: No such module "Lang". | André Vermeulen and Peter Van de Veire | André Vermeulen and Peter Van de Veire | Peter Van de Veire | [189][190][191] | |||||
| Template:Escyr | André Vermeulen and Tom De Cock | André Vermeulen and Tom De Cock | Jean-Louis Lahaye and Maureen Louys | Template:Ill | [192][193][194] | |||||
| Template:Escyr | Peter Van de Veire and Template:Ill | Peter Van de Veire and Eva Daeleman | Script error: No such module "Lang". (Final) | Olivier Gilain | Angelique Vlieghe | [195][196][197][198] | ||||
| Template:Escyr | Walid | [199][200][201][202] | ||||||||
| Template:Escyr | Peter Van de Veire | colspan="2" Template:N/A | colspan="2" Template:N/A | Template:Ill | [203][204][205][206] | |||||
| Template:Escyr | Peter Van de Veire | Radio 2 | Peter Van de Veire | Script error: No such module "Lang". (SF1/Final) | Olivier Gilain | Template:Ill | [207][208][209][210] | |||
| Template:Escyr | colspan="2" rowspan="2" Template:N/A | colspan="2" rowspan="2" Template:N/A | Danira Boukhriss | [211][212][213] | ||||||
| Template:Escyr | Script error: No such module "Lang". (SF1/Final) Ketnet (SF2) |
Template:Ill | [214][215][216][217][218] | |||||||
| colspan="9" Template:N/A | ||||||||||
| Template:Escyr | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Peter Van de Veire | Radio 2 (Final) | Anja Daems and Template:Ill | Script error: No such module "Lang"., RTBF Auvio | Jean-Louis Lahaye and Template:IllTemplate:Efn | VivaCité | Jean-Louis Lahaye and Fanny Jandrain | Danira Boukhriss | [219][220][221][222][223] |
| Ketnet | Dutch audio description | |||||||||
| Template:Escyr | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Peter Van de Veire | colspan="2" Template:N/A | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Jean-Louis Lahaye and Maureen Louys | Jean-Louis Lahaye and Maureen Louys | David Jeanmotte | [224][225][226][227][228] | ||
| Template:Escyr | VRT 1 | Radio 2 | Peter Van de Veire | Script error: No such module "Lang". (SF1) Script error: No such module "Lang". (SF2/Final) |
Template:Ill | [229][230][231][232] | ||||
| Template:Escyr | Radio 2 (Final) | VivaCité (Final) | Livia Dushkoff | [233][234][235][236][237][238] | ||||||
| Template:Escyr | Template:TBA | Script error: No such module "Lang". (SF1/Final) Tipik (SF2) |
colspan="2" Template:TBA | Template:Ill | [239][240] | |||||
Photo gallery
-
Xandee performing "1 Life" in Istanbul (Template:Escyr)
-
The KMG's performing "Love Power" in Helsinki (Template:Escyr)
-
Ishtar performing "O Julissi" in Belgrade (Template:Escyr)
-
Copycat in Moscow (Template:Escyr)
-
Tom Dice in Oslo (Template:Escyr)
-
Roberto Bellarosa performing "Love Kills" in Malmö (Template:Escyr)
-
Axel Hirsoux performing "Mother" in Copenhagen (Template:Escyr)
-
Laura Tesoro performing "What's the Pressure" in Stockholm (Template:Escyr)
-
Blanche performing "City Lights" in Kyiv (Template:Escyr)
-
Sennek performing "A Matter of Time" in Lisbon (Template:Escyr)
See also
- Belgium in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest – Junior version of the Eurovision Song Contest.
Notes and references
Notes
References
Template:Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest Template:Eurovision Song Contest Template:Authority control
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Template:Cite magazine
- ↑ Template:Cite magazine
- ↑ Template:Cite magazine
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Template:Subscription required
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".