Soroca: Difference between revisions
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| image3 = Сорокская крепость Cetatea Soroca Soroca Fortress (44020425544).jpg | | image3 = Сорокская крепость Cetatea Soroca Soroca Fortress (44020425544).jpg | ||
| image4 = Сороки, дворец культуры Palatul de cultura Soroca Palace of Cultura in Soroca (44002348844).jpg | | image4 = Сороки, дворец культуры Palatul de cultura Soroca Palace of Cultura in Soroca (44002348844).jpg | ||
| image5 = Candle monument - Lumânarea Recunoștinței 02.jpg{{!}} | | image5 = Candle monument - Lumânarea Recunoștinței 02.jpg{{!}}Candle of Gratitude | ||
}} | }} | ||
| image_caption = [[Soroca Fort]] and Soroca | | image_caption = [[Soroca Fort]] and Soroca | ||
| Line 75: | Line 75: | ||
| elevation_min_m = | | elevation_min_m = | ||
<!-- Population -----------------------> | <!-- Population -----------------------> | ||
| population_as_of = [[ | | population_as_of = [[2024 Moldovan census|2024]] | ||
| population_footnotes = <ref>[http://www.statistica.md/pageview.php?l=en&idc=479 Results of Population and Housing Census in the Republic of Moldova in 2014]: {{cite web | url= http://www.statistica.md/public/files/Recensamint/Recensamint_pop_2014/Rezultate/Tabele/Caracteristici_populatie_Comune_RPL_2014_rom_rus_eng.xls | title= Characteristics - Population (population by communes, religion, citizenship) | publisher= [[National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova]] | format= XLS | year=2017 | access-date = 2017-05-01}}</ref> | | population_footnotes = <ref>[http://www.statistica.md/pageview.php?l=en&idc=479 Results of Population and Housing Census in the Republic of Moldova in 2014]: {{cite web | url= http://www.statistica.md/public/files/Recensamint/Recensamint_pop_2014/Rezultate/Tabele/Caracteristici_populatie_Comune_RPL_2014_rom_rus_eng.xls | title= Characteristics - Population (population by communes, religion, citizenship) | publisher= [[National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova]] | format= XLS | year=2017 | access-date = 2017-05-01}}</ref> | ||
| population_note = | | population_note = | ||
| population_total = | | population_total = 21,135 | ||
| population_density_km2 = auto | | population_density_km2 = auto | ||
| timezone = EET | | timezone = EET | ||
| Line 97: | Line 97: | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
[[File:СорокиЗемство.jpg|thumb|left|Zemstva of Soroca, 18th-19th century]] | [[File:СорокиЗемство.jpg|thumb|left|Zemstva of Soroca, 18th-19th century]] | ||
It is known for [[Soroca Fort|its well-preserved stronghold]], established by the [[Principality of Moldavia|Moldavia]]n [[List of rulers of Moldavia|prince]] [[Stephen III of Moldavia|Stephen the Great]] (''Ștefan cel Mare'' in [[Romanian language|Romanian]]) in 1499.<ref name=Kaba/> The origins of the name Soroca are not fully known. Soroca (сорока) is the [[East Slavic languages|East Slavic]] word for [[magpie]]. Its location is only a few kilometers from the | It is known for [[Soroca Fort|its well-preserved stronghold]], established by the [[Principality of Moldavia|Moldavia]]n [[List of rulers of Moldavia|prince]] [[Stephen III of Moldavia|Stephen the Great]] (''Ștefan cel Mare'' in [[Romanian language|Romanian]]) in 1499.<ref name=Kaba/> The origins of the name Soroca are not fully known. Soroca (сорока) is the [[East Slavic languages|East Slavic]] word for [[magpie]]. Its location is only a few kilometers from the Moldova–Ukraine border. | ||
The original wooden fort, which defended a ford over the Dniester, was an important link in the chain of fortifications which comprised four forts (e.g., [[Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi]], then known as Akkerman, and [[Khotyn]]) on the Dniester, two forts on the [[Danube]], and three forts on the north borders of medieval [[Moldavia]]. Between 1543 and 1546, under the rule of [[Petru Rareș|Peter IV Rareș]], the fort was rebuilt in stone as a perfect circle with five bastions situated at equal distances. | The original wooden fort, which defended a ford over the Dniester, was an important link in the chain of fortifications which comprised four forts (e.g., [[Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi]], then known as Akkerman, and [[Khotyn]]) on the Dniester, two forts on the [[Danube]], and three forts on the north borders of medieval [[Moldavia]]. Between 1543 and 1546, under the rule of [[Petru Rareș|Peter IV Rareș]], the fort was rebuilt in stone as a perfect circle with five bastions situated at equal distances. | ||
| Line 103: | Line 103: | ||
During the [[Great Turkish War]], [[John III Sobieski]]'s forces successfully defended the fort against the Ottomans. It was of vital military importance during the [[Pruth River Campaign]] of [[Peter the Great]] in 1711. The stronghold was sacked by the Russians in the [[Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–39)]]. The [[Soroca Fort]] is an important attraction in Soroca, having preserved cultures and kept the old Soroca to the present day. | During the [[Great Turkish War]], [[John III Sobieski]]'s forces successfully defended the fort against the Ottomans. It was of vital military importance during the [[Pruth River Campaign]] of [[Peter the Great]] in 1711. The stronghold was sacked by the Russians in the [[Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–39)]]. The [[Soroca Fort]] is an important attraction in Soroca, having preserved cultures and kept the old Soroca to the present day. | ||
The locality was greatly extended in the 19th century, during a period of relative prosperity. Soroca became a regional center featuring large squares, modernized streets, hospitals, grammar schools and conventionalized churches. During the Soviet period, the city became an important industrial center for northern Moldova.<ref>[http://www.tur.md/eng/city/18/ Tourist towns of Moldova] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722172042/http://www.tur.md/eng/city/18/ |date=22 July 2011 }}</ref> | The locality was greatly extended in the 19th century, during a period of relative prosperity. Soroca became a regional center featuring large squares, modernized streets, hospitals, grammar schools and conventionalized churches. During the Soviet period, the city became an important industrial center for northern Moldova.<ref>[http://www.tur.md/eng/city/18/ Tourist towns of Moldova] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722172042/http://www.tur.md/eng/city/18/ |date=22 July 2011 }}</ref>," | ||
Soroca was known for producing [[grape]]s, [[wheat]], [[maize]], and [[tobacco]] in 1919.<ref name=Kaba>{{cite book|last=Kaba|first=John|title=Politico-economic Review of Basarabia|year=1919|publisher=American Relief Administration|location=United States|pages=13–14|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/7313/view/1/13/}}</ref> | Soroca was known for producing [[grape]]s, [[wheat]], [[maize]], and [[tobacco]] in 1919.<ref name=Kaba>{{cite book|last=Kaba|first=John|title=Politico-economic Review of Basarabia|year=1919|publisher=American Relief Administration|location=United States|pages=13–14|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/7313/view/1/13/}}</ref> | ||
The town's sizeable [[Jews|Jewish]] populated was | The overwhelming majority of the town's sizeable [[Jews|Jewish]] populated was killed in [[the Holocaust]] during [[World War II]], both before and after the deportation of the Jews to [[Transnistria Governorate|Transnistria]].<ref>Wolf Moskovich, "Soroca", in | ||
The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe", at https://encyclopedia.yivo.org/article/942.</ref> | |||
| | |||
The | |||
==Climate== | ==Climate== | ||
| Line 329: | Line 240: | ||
| access-date = 18 April 2025}}</ref> | | access-date = 18 April 2025}}</ref> | ||
}} | }} | ||
==Demographics== | |||
According to the [[2024 Moldovan census|2024 census]], 21,135 inhabitants lived in Soroca (making it the tenth largest city in Moldova), a decrease compared to the previous census in 2014, when 22,196 inhabitants were registered.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistica.gov.md/ro/rezultatele-finale-ale-recensamantului-populatiei-si-locuintelor-2024-caracteris-10121_62043.html|title=Rezultatele finale ale Recensământului Populației și Locuințelor 2024: Caracteristici etnoculturale ale populației|publisher=National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova }} {{in lang|ro}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://recensamint.statistica.md/ro/dissemination/person/6e4f47d6a3e00616a565c69757bf59c5|title=2014 Moldova Census of Population and Housing|publisher=National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova }} {{in lang|ro|ru|en}}</ref> | |||
<div style="float:left"> | |||
{{Pie chart | |||
|thumb=left | |||
|caption=Ethnic composition of Soroca (2024) | |||
|label1=[[Moldovans]]{{efn|There is an [[Controversy over ethnic and linguistic identity in Moldova|ongoing controversy]] regarding the ethnic identification of Moldovans and Romanians.}}|value1=82.5|color1=#8A2BE2 | |||
|label2=[[Romanians]]|value2=6.6|color2=#8080ff | |||
|label3=[[Romani people|Romani]]|value3=4.0|color3=#80ffff | |||
|label4=[[Ukrainians in Moldova|Ukrainians]]|value4=3.8|color4=#ffff80 | |||
|label5=[[Russians in Moldova|Russians]]|value5=2.6|color5=#c08080 | |||
|label6=Others|value6=0.4|color6=#9f9f9f}} | |||
{{Pie chart | |||
|thumb=right | |||
|caption=Linguistic composition of Soroca (2024) | |||
|label1=[[Moldovan language|Moldovan]]{{efn|In March 2023, the [[Parliament of Moldova]] passed a law updating all legislative texts and the constitution to refer to the national language as Romanian, effectively rendering the term "Moldovan" obsolete.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.rferl.org/content/moldova-romanian-official-language/25191455.html| title=Chisinau Recognizes Romanian As Official Language| newspaper=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty| date=5 December 2013| access-date=11 March 2014| archive-date=23 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923021555/http://www.rferl.org/content/moldova-romanian-official-language/25191455.html| url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Reuters2023">{{Cite news |date=2023-03-16 |title=Moldovan parliament approves law on Romanian language |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/moldovan-parliament-approves-law-romanian-language-2023-03-16/ |access-date=2024-07-11}}</ref>}}|value1=57.5|color1=#8A2BE2 | |||
|label2=[[Romanian language|Romanian]]|value2=27.1|color2=#8080ff | |||
|label3=[[Russian language|Russian]]|value3=8.9|color3=#c08080 | |||
|label4=[[Romani language|Romani]]|value4=4.2|color4=#80ffff | |||
|label5=[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]|value5=2.0|color5=#ffff80 | |||
|label6=Other|value6=0.2|color6=#9f9f9f}} | |||
</div> | |||
{{Historical populations | |||
|1867|7758|1882|9225 | |||
|1897 | 15351 | |||
|1930 | 15001 | |||
|1959 | 15195 | |||
|1970 | 21924 | |||
|1979 | 30365 | |||
|[[1989 Soviet census|1989]] | 42297 | |||
|[[2004 Moldovan census|2004]] | 28362 | |||
|[[2014 Moldovan census|2014]] | 22196 | |||
|[[2024 Moldovan census|2024]] | 21135 | |||
|source = <ref>{{cite book |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom XI|year=1890|language=pl|location=Warszawa|page=83}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_lan_97_uezd_eng.php?reg=82|title=Demoscope Weekly - Annex. Statistical indicators reference.|website=demoscope.ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pop-stat.mashke.org/moldova-cities.htm|title=Cities of Moldova|website=pop-stat.mashke.org}}</ref> | |||
}} | |||
{{clear|left}} | |||
{{Notelist}} | |||
The population was estimated at 35,000 in 1919. It consisted mainly of [[Jews]]. [[Romanians]], [[Germans]], and [[Russians]] also lived in the city.<ref name=Kaba/> Before the Holocaust, Soroca had a Jewish population of around 18,000, but there are only around 40 Jews living there today. | |||
The city has a sizable [[Romani people|Romani]] minority and is popularly known as the "Romani capital of Moldova".<ref>Steve Kokker, Cathryn Kemp (2004) "Romania and Moldova" (a travel guide), {{ISBN|1-74104-149-X}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=hQJ8yHQpBGYC&dq=roma+moldova+soroca&pg=PA322 p.322]</ref> | |||
==Mayor== | |||
The Mayor of Soroca is head of the executive branch of Soroca City Council.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.primsoroca.md/|title=Loading|website=primsoroca.md}}</ref> | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! colspan=5| List of mayors of Soroca | |||
|- | |||
!Name | |||
!From | |||
!Until | |||
!Party | |||
![[Elections in Moldova|Pool]] | |||
|- | |||
|Mihail Popovschi<ref name="newmayor2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.timpul.md/articol/ce-se-intampla-la-soroca--24071.html|title=Ce se întâmplă la Soroca?}}</ref> | |||
|2003 | |||
|2007 | |||
|[[Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova|PCRM]] | |||
|[[Moldovan local election, 2003|2003]] | |||
|- | |||
|[[Victor Său]] | |||
|2007 | |||
|2011 | |||
|[[National Liberal Party (Moldova)|PNL]] | |||
|[[Moldovan local election, 2007|2007]] | |||
|- | |||
|[[Elena Bodnarenco]] | |||
|2011 | |||
|2015 | |||
|[[Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova|PCRM]] | |||
|[[Moldovan local election, 2011|2011]] | |||
|- | |||
|[[Victor Său]] | |||
|2015 | |||
|2019 | |||
|[[Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova|PLDM]] | |||
|[[Moldovan local election, 2015|2015]] | |||
|- | |||
|Lilia Pilipețchi | |||
|2019 | |||
|Present | |||
|[[Party of Socialists of the Republic of Moldova|PSRM]] | |||
|[[2019 Moldovan local elections|2019]] | |||
|} | |||
==Media== | ==Media== | ||
| Line 355: | Line 353: | ||
==Gallery== | ==Gallery== | ||
<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
Image:Luminarea 2016.jpg|[[ | Image:Luminarea 2016.jpg|[[Candle of Gratitude]] can be seen at night from [[Otaci]] and [[Camenca]]. | ||
File:Сорокская крепость Cetatea Soroca Soroca Fortress (42928896330).jpg|[[Soroca Fort]] | File:Сорокская крепость Cetatea Soroca Soroca Fortress (42928896330).jpg|[[Soroca Fort]] | ||
File:Сороки, этнографический музей Muzeul de istorie si etnografie din Soroca Soroca Ethnografic Museum (42870845280).jpg|Museum | File:Сороки, этнографический музей Muzeul de istorie si etnografie din Soroca Soroca Ethnografic Museum (42870845280).jpg|Museum | ||
| Line 403: | Line 401: | ||
[[Category:Romani communities in Moldova]] | [[Category:Romani communities in Moldova]] | ||
[[Category:Soroca District]] | [[Category:Soroca District]] | ||
[[Category:Holocaust locations in Moldova]] | [[Category:Holocaust locations in Moldova]] | ||
Latest revision as of 11:46, 23 October 2025
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "For". Template:Use dmy dates Script error: No such module "Settlement short description".Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".Expression error: Unexpected < operator.
Soroca is a city and municipality[1] in northern Moldova, situated on the Dniester River about Template:Cvt north of Chișinău. It is the administrative center of the Soroca District.
History
It is known for its well-preserved stronghold, established by the Moldavian prince Stephen the Great (Ștefan cel Mare in Romanian) in 1499.[2] The origins of the name Soroca are not fully known. Soroca (сорока) is the East Slavic word for magpie. Its location is only a few kilometers from the Moldova–Ukraine border.
The original wooden fort, which defended a ford over the Dniester, was an important link in the chain of fortifications which comprised four forts (e.g., Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi, then known as Akkerman, and Khotyn) on the Dniester, two forts on the Danube, and three forts on the north borders of medieval Moldavia. Between 1543 and 1546, under the rule of Peter IV Rareș, the fort was rebuilt in stone as a perfect circle with five bastions situated at equal distances.
During the Great Turkish War, John III Sobieski's forces successfully defended the fort against the Ottomans. It was of vital military importance during the Pruth River Campaign of Peter the Great in 1711. The stronghold was sacked by the Russians in the Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–39). The Soroca Fort is an important attraction in Soroca, having preserved cultures and kept the old Soroca to the present day.
The locality was greatly extended in the 19th century, during a period of relative prosperity. Soroca became a regional center featuring large squares, modernized streets, hospitals, grammar schools and conventionalized churches. During the Soviet period, the city became an important industrial center for northern Moldova.[3],"
Soroca was known for producing grapes, wheat, maize, and tobacco in 1919.[2]
The overwhelming majority of the town's sizeable Jewish populated was killed in the Holocaust during World War II, both before and after the deportation of the Jews to Transnistria.[4]
Climate
The climate in Soroca is a warm-summer subtype (Köppen: Dfb) of the humid continental climate.
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Demographics
According to the 2024 census, 21,135 inhabitants lived in Soroca (making it the tenth largest city in Moldova), a decrease compared to the previous census in 2014, when 22,196 inhabitants were registered.[5][6]
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The population was estimated at 35,000 in 1919. It consisted mainly of Jews. Romanians, Germans, and Russians also lived in the city.[2] Before the Holocaust, Soroca had a Jewish population of around 18,000, but there are only around 40 Jews living there today.
The city has a sizable Romani minority and is popularly known as the "Romani capital of Moldova".[7]
Mayor
The Mayor of Soroca is head of the executive branch of Soroca City Council.[8]
| List of mayors of Soroca | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | From | Until | Party | Pool |
| Mihail Popovschi[9] | 2003 | 2007 | PCRM | 2003 |
| Victor Său | 2007 | 2011 | PNL | 2007 |
| Elena Bodnarenco | 2011 | 2015 | PCRM | 2011 |
| Victor Său | 2015 | 2019 | PLDM | 2015 |
| Lilia Pilipețchi | 2019 | Present | PSRM | 2019 |
Media
- Observatorul de Nord, a newspaper from Soroca, founded in 1998[10][11]
- Vocea Basarabiei, 67,69 and 103.1
Natives
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- Samuel Bronfman (1889–1971), a Jewish-Canadian entrepreneur, former owner of Seagram
- Alexandru Cimbriciuc
- Arkady Gendler (1921–2017), Jewish-Ukrainian Yiddish Singer
- Sofia Imber, a Venezuelan journalist, founder of the Contemporary Art Museum of Caracas
- Isaac Kitrosser, French Jewish photojournalist
- Anna Mincovschi, mother of Robert Hossein
- Kira Muratova, a Soviet and Ukrainian film director, screenwriter and actress
- David Seltzer (1904–1994), New York Yiddish language Jewish writer, journalist and poet
- Marina Shafir, a Moldovan mixed martial arts and professional wrestler currently works for All Elite Wrestling.
- Nicolae Șoltuz, a member of Sfatul Țării
- Robert Steinberg, a Jewish-Canadian mathematician
- Leonte Tismăneanu, a Romanian communist activist
- Eugen Ţapu (1983–2009), a protester in the post-election riots in Chișinău who died while in police custody
- Gheorghe Ursu (1926–1985), a Romanian construction engineer and dissident
- Mark Tkaciuk, historian, politician
Gallery
-
Museum
-
Soroca 1898 local stamp
.jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}
International relations
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Twin towns – Sister cities
Soroca is twinned with:
- Template:Flagicon Bryansk, Russia
- Template:Flagicon Flămânzi, Romania
- Template:Flagicon Suceava, Romania
See also
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
- ↑ LEGE Nr. 248 din 03.11.2016 pentru modificarea și completarea Legii nr. 764-XV din 27 decembrie 2001 privind organizarea administrativ-teritorială a Republicii Moldova Template:In lang
- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Tourist towns of Moldova Template:Webarchive
- ↑ Wolf Moskovich, "Soroca", in The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe", at https://encyclopedia.yivo.org/article/942.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Template:In lang
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Template:In lang
- ↑ Steve Kokker, Cathryn Kemp (2004) "Romania and Moldova" (a travel guide), Template:ISBN p.322
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, „Nici tu ploaie ca lumea, nici tu limpezirea apelor în domeniul politicii”
- ↑ Reporter european Template:Webarchive
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Further reading
- Soroki/Soroca (pp. 376–380) at Miriam Weiner's Routes to Roots Foundation
External links
Template:Sister project Template:Wikivoyage
Template:Soroca District, Moldova Template:AdminCitiesMoldova Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Authority control
Categories:
- Pages with script errors
- Pages with broken file links
- Soroca
- Cities and towns in Moldova
- Municipalities of Moldova
- Populated places on the Dniester
- Capitals of the counties of Bessarabia
- Soroksky Uyezd
- Soroca County (Romania)
- Historic Jewish communities in Moldova
- Romani communities in Moldova
- Soroca District
- Holocaust locations in Moldova