Frederick C. Alderdice: Difference between revisions

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| image        = Hon Frederick Charles Alderdice.jpg
| image        = Hon Frederick Charles Alderdice.jpg
| caption      = Alderdice in January 1934.
| caption      = Alderdice in January 1934.
| nationality  = Newfoundlander
| order1      = 10th
| order1      = 10th
| office1      = Prime Minister of Newfoundland
| office1      = Prime Minister of Newfoundland
| term_start1  = August 15, 1928
| term_start1  = June 11, 1932
| term_end1    = November 17, 1928
| term_end1    = February 16, 1934
| predecessor1 = [[Walter Stanley Monroe]]
| successor1  = [[Richard Squires]]
| monarch1    = [[George V]]
| monarch1    = [[George V]]
| governor1    = [[William Allardyce]]<br />[[John Middleton (administrator)|John Middleton]]
| governor1    = [[John Middleton (administrator)|John Middleton]]<br />[[David Murray Anderson]]
| term_start2  = June 11, 1932
| predecessor1 = [[Richard Squires]]
| term_end2    = February 16, 1934
| successor1   = [[Joey Smallwood]]<br>(as [[Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador|Premier]])
| predecessor2 = [[Richard Squires]]
| term_start2  = August 15, 1928
| successor2   = [[Joey Smallwood]]<br>(as [[Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador|Premier]])
| term_end2    = November 17, 1928
| monarch2    = [[George V]]
| monarch2    = George V
| governor2    = [[John Middleton (administrator)|John Middleton]]<br />[[David Murray Anderson]]
| governor2    = [[William Allardyce]]<br />John Middleton
| predecessor2 = [[Walter Stanley Monroe|Walter Monroe]]
| successor2  = Richard Squires
{{Collapsed infobox section begin
| cont            = yes
| Commission offices
| titlestyle      = border:1px dashed lightgrey;
}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| embed        = yes
| office3      = Vice Chairman of the [[Commission of Government]]
| office3      = Vice Chairman of the [[Commission of Government]]
| term_start3  = 16 February 1934
| term_start3  = {{start date|1934|02|16}}
| term_end3    = 1936
| term_end3    = {{end date|1936|02|26}}
| predecessor3 = ''None, Commission of Government established.''
| predecessor3 = ''Office established''
| successor3  = [[William R. Howley]]
| successor3  = [[William R. Howley]]
| office4      = [[Commission of Government|Commissioner]] for Home Affairs and Education
| office4      = [[Commission of Government|Commissioner]] for Home Affairs and Education
| term_start4  = 16 February 1934
| term_start4  = {{start date|1934|02|16}}
| term_end4    = 1936
| term_end4    = {{end date|1936|02|26}}
| predecessor4 = ''None, Commission of Government established.''
| predecessor4 = ''Office established''
| successor4  = [[James A. Winter]]
| successor4  = [[James A. Winter]]
{{Collapsed infobox section end}}
}}
{{Collapsed infobox section begin
| cont            = yes
| Legislative offices
| titlestyle      = border:1px dashed lightgrey;
}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| embed        = yes
| office5      = Member of the<br> [[Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly|Newfoundland House of Assembly]]<br>for St. John's West
| office5      = Member of the<br> [[Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly|Newfoundland House of Assembly]]<br>for St. John's West
| term_start5  = June 11, 1932
| term_start5  = June 11, 1932
| term_end5    = February 16, 1934
| term_end5    = February 16, 1934
| alongside5    = [[Patrick F. Halley]]
| alongside5    = [[Patrick F. Halley]]
| predecessor5 = ''District established''
| predecessor5 = [[Alexander Campbell (Newfoundland politician)|Alexander Campbell]]<br>[[Joseph Fitzgibbon]] (as MHAs for St. John's City West)<br>[[Frank Bennett (politician)|Frank Bennett]] (as MHA for St. John's West Extern)
| successor5  = [[Oliver Vardy]] (post-Confederation)<br>[[James Spratt (Canadian politician)|James Spratt]] (post-Confederation)
| successor5  = [[Oliver Vardy]] (post-Confederation)<br>[[James Spratt (Canadian politician)|James Spratt]] (post-Confederation)
| office6      = Member of the<br> [[Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly|Newfoundland House of Assembly]]<br>for St. John's City East
| office6      = Member of the<br> [[Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly|Newfoundland House of Assembly]]<br>for St. John's City East
Line 43: Line 58:
| term_end6    = June 11, 1932
| term_end6    = June 11, 1932
| alongside6    = [[Gerald G. Byrne]]
| alongside6    = [[Gerald G. Byrne]]
| predecessor6 = ''District established''
| predecessor6 = [[William J. Higgins]]<br>[[Cyril J. Fox]] (as MHAs for St. John's East)
| successor6  = ''District abolished''
| successor6  = [[Lewis Edward Emerson]] (as MHA for St. John's East)
| office7      = Member of the<br>[[Legislative Council of Newfoundland]]
| term_start7  = 1924
| term_end7    = August 15, 1928
| nominator7  = [[William Allardyce]]
| appointed7  = George V
{{Collapsed infobox section end}}
}}
| birth_date  = {{Birth date|1871|11|10}}
| birth_date  = {{Birth date|1871|11|10}}
| birth_place  = [[Belfast]], [[Ireland]], [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]]
| birth_place  = [[Belfast]], [[Ireland]], [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]]
Line 50: Line 72:
| death_place  = [[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador|St. John's]], [[Dominion of Newfoundland|Newfoundland]]
| death_place  = [[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador|St. John's]], [[Dominion of Newfoundland|Newfoundland]]
| constituency =  
| constituency =  
| party        = [[United Newfoundland Party]]
| party        = [[Conservative parties in Newfoundland (pre-Confederation)|Liberal-Conservative Progressive]] (1928–1932)<br>[[United Newfoundland Party]] (1932–1934)
| spouse      =  
| spouse      =  
| profession   =  
| relatives    = [[Moses Monroe]] (uncle)<br>Walter Monroe (cousin)
| occupation   = Businessman
| religion    =  
| religion    =  
| education    = [[Methodist College Belfast]]
| signature    =  
| signature    =  
| footnotes    =  
| footnotes    =  
}}
}}
'''Frederick Charles Alderdice''' (November 10, 1871 – February 26, 1936) was a Newfoundland businessman, politician and the last [[Prime Minister]] of [[Dominion of Newfoundland|Newfoundland]]. Alderdice was born in [[Belfast]], Ireland and was educated at [[Methodist College Belfast]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Biography – ALDERDICE, FREDERICK CHARLES MUNRO – Volume XVI (1931-1940) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography|url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/alderdice_frederick_charles_munro_16E.html|website=Dictionary of Canadian Biography|publisher=University of Toronto|access-date=July 28, 2016}}</ref> He moved to [[Colony of Newfoundland|Newfoundland]] in 1886.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/alderdice_frederick_charles_munro_16E.html|website=Dictionary of Canadian Biography|publisher=University of Toronto|access-date=28 July 2016|title=Biography – ALDERDICE, FREDERICK CHARLES MUNRO – Volume XVI (1931-1940) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography}}</ref> A prominent [[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador|St. John's]] businessman, Alderdice was appointed to the [[Legislative Council of Newfoundland]] (the [[Upper House]] of the [[legislature]]) in 1924 and became leader of the [[Liberal-Conservative Progressive Party]] and the [[dominion]]'s Prime Minister when his cousin [[Walter Stanley Monroe]] retired from the post on August 15, 1928.<ref>{{cite news|title=Hon. F.C. Alderdice dead in St. John's|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=d74tAAAAIBAJ&sjid=xpgFAAAAIBAJ&pg=6784,3146492&dq=alderdice&hl=en|access-date=May 11, 2013|newspaper=The Gazette|date=February 27, 1936}}</ref> Alderdice's first term as prime minister was short-lived, however, as his government lost that year's general election to the [[Liberal Party of Newfoundland|Liberals]] led by Sir [[Richard Squires]].
 
'''Frederick Charles Alderdice''' (November 10, 1871 – February 26, 1936) was a Newfoundland businessman, politician and the last [[Prime Minister]] of [[Dominion of Newfoundland|Newfoundland]].  
 
== Early life ==
 
Alderdice was born in [[Belfast]], [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] and was educated at [[Methodist College Belfast]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Biography – ALDERDICE, FREDERICK CHARLES MUNRO – Volume XVI (1931-1940) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography|url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/alderdice_frederick_charles_munro_16E.html|website=Dictionary of Canadian Biography|publisher=University of Toronto|access-date=July 28, 2016}}</ref> He moved to [[Colony of Newfoundland|Newfoundland]] in 1886 to work for his uncle [[Moses Monroe]], and he became a prominent businessman in his own right.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/alderdice_frederick_charles_munro_16E.html|website=Dictionary of Canadian Biography|publisher=University of Toronto|access-date=28 July 2016|title=Biography – ALDERDICE, FREDERICK CHARLES MUNRO – Volume XVI (1931-1940) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography}}</ref>  
 
== Opposition leader (1928–1932) ==
 
Alderdice was appointed to the [[Legislative Council of Newfoundland]] in 1924. He became involved in electoral politics when he succeeded his cousin [[Walter Stanley Monroe|Walter Monroe]] as Prime Minister and leader of the [[Conservative parties in Newfoundland (pre-Confederation)|Liberal-Conservative Progressive Party]] on August 15, 1928.<ref>{{cite news|title=Hon. F.C. Alderdice dead in St. John's|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=d74tAAAAIBAJ&sjid=xpgFAAAAIBAJ&pg=6784,3146492&dq=alderdice&hl=en|access-date=May 11, 2013|newspaper=The Gazette|date=February 27, 1936}}</ref> Alderdice's first term as prime minister was short-lived, however, as his government lost that year's [[1928 Newfoundland general election|general election]] to the [[Liberal parties in pre-Confederation Newfoundland|Liberals]] led by Sir [[Richard Squires]].


Alderdice joined with Liberals dissatisfied with Squires to form the [[United Newfoundland Party]] with himself as leader. The [[Great Depression]] embroiled the dominion in a severe economic crisis which was compounded by corruption in the Squires government taking the dominion to the brink of [[bankruptcy]]. Widespread unemployment added to the crisis and resulted in an anti-government [[riot]] in [[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador|St. John's]] on April 5, 1932. The Squires government collapsed and Alderdice swept to power in the ensuing June election on the promise that if elected, his government would examine the possibility of suspending the constitution and having a commission administer the country until conditions improved. His United Newfoundland Party won 24 seats to only two for the Liberals.
Alderdice joined with Liberals dissatisfied with Squires to form the [[United Newfoundland Party]] with himself as leader. The [[Great Depression]] embroiled the dominion in a severe economic crisis which was compounded by corruption in the Squires government taking the dominion to the brink of [[bankruptcy]]. Widespread unemployment added to the crisis and resulted in an anti-government [[riot]] in [[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador|St. John's]] on April 5, 1932. The Squires government collapsed and Alderdice swept to power in the ensuing June election on the promise that if elected, his government would examine the possibility of suspending the constitution and having a commission administer the country until conditions improved. His United Newfoundland Party won 24 seats to only two for the Liberals.
== Prime Minister (1932–1934) ==


The Alderdice government was unable to deal with the economic crisis and proposed a partial default on the dominion's debts. Britain and Canada (whose currency was shared by Newfoundland) agreed to give the dominion financial aid in exchange for the creation of an Imperial [[Royal Commission]] to investigate the dominion's future. The Commission recommended the suspension of [[responsible government]] and the institution of an appointed [[Commission of Government]] to rule the dominion.
The Alderdice government was unable to deal with the economic crisis and proposed a partial default on the dominion's debts. Britain and Canada (whose currency was shared by Newfoundland) agreed to give the dominion financial aid in exchange for the creation of an Imperial [[Royal Commission]] to investigate the dominion's future. The Commission recommended the suspension of [[responsible government]] and the institution of an appointed [[Commission of Government]] to rule the dominion.


Alderdice was pressured by the British to accept the recommendations without calling a new election or submitting the proposals to a [[referendum]]. Alderdice agreed and, at the end of 1933, the legislature voted to accept the recommendations and voted itself out of existence. Alderdice was appointed to the [[Commission of Government]] when it was established in February 1934 and served  as Commissioner for Home Affairs and Education in the new Commission of Government as well as Vice-Chairman until his death in 1936.
Alderdice was pressured by the British to accept the recommendations without calling a new election or submitting the proposals to a [[referendum]]. Alderdice agreed and, at the end of 1933, the legislature voted to accept the recommendations and voted itself out of existence.  
 
== Commission of Government (1934–1936) ==
 
Alderdice was appointed to the [[Commission of Government]] when it was established in February 1934 and served  as Commissioner for Home Affairs and Education in the new Commission of Government as well as Vice-Chairman until his death in 1936.


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Latest revision as of 13:45, 23 June 2025

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Frederick Charles Alderdice (November 10, 1871 – February 26, 1936) was a Newfoundland businessman, politician and the last Prime Minister of Newfoundland.

Early life

Alderdice was born in Belfast, Ireland and was educated at Methodist College Belfast.[1] He moved to Newfoundland in 1886 to work for his uncle Moses Monroe, and he became a prominent businessman in his own right.[2]

Opposition leader (1928–1932)

Alderdice was appointed to the Legislative Council of Newfoundland in 1924. He became involved in electoral politics when he succeeded his cousin Walter Monroe as Prime Minister and leader of the Liberal-Conservative Progressive Party on August 15, 1928.[3] Alderdice's first term as prime minister was short-lived, however, as his government lost that year's general election to the Liberals led by Sir Richard Squires.

Alderdice joined with Liberals dissatisfied with Squires to form the United Newfoundland Party with himself as leader. The Great Depression embroiled the dominion in a severe economic crisis which was compounded by corruption in the Squires government taking the dominion to the brink of bankruptcy. Widespread unemployment added to the crisis and resulted in an anti-government riot in St. John's on April 5, 1932. The Squires government collapsed and Alderdice swept to power in the ensuing June election on the promise that if elected, his government would examine the possibility of suspending the constitution and having a commission administer the country until conditions improved. His United Newfoundland Party won 24 seats to only two for the Liberals.

Prime Minister (1932–1934)

The Alderdice government was unable to deal with the economic crisis and proposed a partial default on the dominion's debts. Britain and Canada (whose currency was shared by Newfoundland) agreed to give the dominion financial aid in exchange for the creation of an Imperial Royal Commission to investigate the dominion's future. The Commission recommended the suspension of responsible government and the institution of an appointed Commission of Government to rule the dominion.

Alderdice was pressured by the British to accept the recommendations without calling a new election or submitting the proposals to a referendum. Alderdice agreed and, at the end of 1933, the legislature voted to accept the recommendations and voted itself out of existence.

Commission of Government (1934–1936)

Alderdice was appointed to the Commission of Government when it was established in February 1934 and served as Commissioner for Home Affairs and Education in the new Commission of Government as well as Vice-Chairman until his death in 1936.

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References

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Political offices
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/check Prime Minister of Newfoundland
1928 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/check Prime Minister of Newfoundland
1932–1934 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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