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{{distinguish|Geoinformatics}}
{{distinguish|Geoinformatics}}
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{{Geodesy}}
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{{Geography sidebar}}
[[Image:Survey instruments-2.png|thumb|A surveyor's shed showing equipment used for geomatics]]
[[Image:Survey instruments-2.png|thumb|A surveyor's shed showing equipment used for geomatics]]


'''Geomatics''' is defined in the [[ISO/TC 211]] series of standards as the "[[academic discipline|discipline]] concerned with the collection, distribution, storage, analysis, processing, presentation of [[geographic data or geographic information]]".<ref>ISO/TR 19122:2004(en) Geographic information/Geomatics — Qualification and certification of personnel [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:tr:19122:ed-1:v1:en]</ref> Under another definition, it consists of products, services and tools involved in the collection, integration and management of geographic (geospatial) data.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.appliedgeomatics.net/about-us.html|title=About Us|website=Applied Geomatics Research Laboratory|access-date=2 April 2018}}</ref> Surveying engineering was the widely used name for geomatic(s) engineering in the past. Geomatics was placed by the [[UNESCO]] [[Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems]] under the branch of [[technical geography]].<ref name="Haidu1">{{cite journal |last1=Haidu |first1=Ionel |title=What is Technical Geography – a letter from the editor |journal=Geographia Technica |date=2016 |volume=11 |pages=1–5 |doi=10.21163/GT_2016.111.01|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=Sala1>{{cite book |last1=Sala |first1=Maria |title=Geography Volume I |date=2009 |publisher=[[Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems|EOLSS]] UNESCO |location=Oxford, United Kingdom |isbn=978-1-84826-960-6 |edition=1}}</ref>
'''Geomatics''' is defined in the [[ISO/TC 211]] series of standards as the "[[Academic discipline|discipline]] concerned with the collection, distribution, storage, analysis, processing, presentation of [[geographic data or geographic information]]".<ref>ISO/TR 19122:2004(en) Geographic information/Geomatics — Qualification and certification of personnel [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:tr:19122:ed-1:v1:en]</ref> Under another definition, it consists of products, services and tools involved in the collection, integration and management of geographic (geospatial) data.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Us |url=http://www.appliedgeomatics.net/about-us.html |access-date=2 April 2018 |website=Applied Geomatics Research Laboratory}}</ref> Surveying engineering was the common name used for geomatics engineering in the past. The term was placed by the [[UNESCO]] [[Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems]] under the branch of [[technical geography]], which is geared towards interpreting and communicating spatial data.<ref name="Haidu12">{{cite journal |last1=Haidu |first1=Ionel |date=2016 |title=What is Technical Geography – a letter from the editor |journal=Geographia Technica |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=1–5 |bibcode=2016GeogT..11....1H |doi=10.21163/GT_2016.111.01 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Sala12">{{cite book |last1=Sala |first1=Maria |title=Geography Volume I |date=2009 |publisher=[[Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems|EOLSS]] UNESCO |isbn=978-1-84826-960-6 |edition=1 |location=Oxford, United Kingdom}}</ref>


==History and etymology ==
==History and etymology ==


The term was proposed in French ("géomatique") at the end of the 1960s by scientist Bernard Dubuisson to reflect at the time recent changes in the jobs of [[Surveying|surveyor]] and [[Photogrammetry|photogrammetrist]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://acsg-champlain.scg.ulaval.ca/index.php?id=9|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926180918/http://acsg-champlain.scg.ulaval.ca/index.php?id=9|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 26, 2020|title=ACSG - Association canadienne des sciences géomatiques (Section Champlain) /// Des références utiles en géomatique|website=acsg-champlain.scg.ulaval.ca|access-date=2019-11-04}}</ref> The term was first employed in a [[Minister of Public Works (France)|French Ministry of Public Works]] memorandum dated 1 June 1971 instituting a "standing committee of geomatics" in the government.<ref>{{Citation|title=Arrêté du 27 décembre 1994 relatif à la terminologie de la télédétection aérospatiale|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000735431&categorieLien=id|access-date=2019-11-04}}</ref>
The term was proposed in French ("géomatique") at the end of the 1960s by scientist Bernard Dubuisson to reflect at the time recent changes in the jobs of [[Surveying|surveyor]] and [[Photogrammetry|photogrammetrist]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://acsg-champlain.scg.ulaval.ca/index.php?id=9|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926180918/http://acsg-champlain.scg.ulaval.ca/index.php?id=9|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 26, 2020|title=ACSG - Association canadienne des sciences géomatiques (Section Champlain) /// Des références utiles en géomatique|website=acsg-champlain.scg.ulaval.ca|access-date=2019-11-04|language=fr}}</ref> On June 1, 1971, 'geomatics' was first employed in a [[Minister of Public Works (France)|French Ministry of Public Works]] memorandum instituting a "standing committee of geomatics" in the government.<ref>{{Citation|title=Arrêté du 27 décembre 1994 relatif à la terminologie de la télédétection aérospatiale|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000735431&categorieLien=id|access-date=2019-11-04|language=fr}}</ref>
 
At the centennial congress of the Canadian Institute of Surveying (now known as the [[Canadian Institute of Geomatics]]) in April 1982, the new classification was further popularised in English by French-Canadian surveyor Michel Paradis in keynote address.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bédard |first=Yvan |editor-last=Kemp |editor-first=Karen K. |title=Encyclopedia of Geographic Information Science |chapter=Geomatics
|page=196 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FrUQHIzXK6EC&pg=PA195 |date=2008 |publisher=Sage Publishing |doi=10.4135/9781412953962.n86 |isbn=978-1-4129-1313-3 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-11-24 |title=Geomatics: fancy word or the future of all geo sciences? |url=https://www.50northspatial.org.ua/geomatics-fancy-word-future-geo-sciences/ |access-date=2025-10-13 |website=50 North {{!}} GIS blog from Ukraine |language=en-US}}</ref> Paradis claimed that at the end of the 20th century the needs for geographical information would reach a scope without precedent in history and that, in order to address these needs, it was necessary to integrate in a new discipline both the traditional disciplines of land surveying and the new tools and techniques of data capture, manipulation, storage and diffusion.<ref>{{cite journal|last1= Paradis|first1= Michel|title= De l'arpentage à la géomatique|journal= Le Géomètre Canadien|date= September 1981|volume= 35| issue = 3|page=262 |language=fr}}</ref>
 
Evolving from its Canadian origins, the term has since been adopted by recognized governmental groups, like the [[International Organization for Standardization]] and the [[Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=ISO/TC 211 - Geographic information/Geomatics |url=https://www.iso.org/committee/54904.html |access-date=2025-10-13 |website=ISO |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors |url=https://www.rics.org/join-rics/sector-pathways |access-date=2025-10-13 |website=www.rics.org}}</ref> Many other international authorities, such as those in the United States, have shown a preference for the term ''geospatial technology'', which may be defined as a synonym of "geospatial [[information and communications technology]]".


The term was popularised in English by French-Canadian surveyor Michel Paradis in his ''The little Geodesist that could'' article, in 1981 and in a keynote address at the centennial congress of the Canadian Institute of Surveying (now known as the [[Canadian Institute of Geomatics]]) in April 1982. He claimed that at the end of the 20th century the needs for geographical information would reach a scope without precedent in history and that, in order to address these needs, it was necessary to integrate in a new discipline both the traditional disciplines of land surveying and the new tools and techniques of data capture, manipulation, storage and diffusion.<ref>{{cite journal|last1= Paradis|first1= Michel|title= De l'arpentage à la géomatique|journal= Le Géomètre Canadien|date= September 1981|volume= 35| issue = 3|page=262 |language=fr}}</ref>
== Types of geomatics ==
Geomatics is an umbrella term that includes the tools and techniques used to analyze the Earth's surface. These can range from [[land surveying]], [[remote sensing]], nautical charts, [[Geographic information system|geographic information systems]] (GIS), and several other related forms of earth [[Map|mapping]]. Some scientists and researchers intend to restrict geomatics to the perspective of [[surveying]] and [[engineering]] toward geographic information in order to avoid forming a vague concept.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Krawczyk |first=Artur |date=2022-11-09 |title=Proposal of Redefinition of the Terms Geomatics and Geoinformatics on the Basis of Terminological Postulates |journal=ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information |language=en |volume=11 |issue=11 |pages=557 |doi=10.3390/ijgi11110557 |bibcode=2022IJGI...11..557K |doi-access=free |issn=2220-9964 }}</ref> [[Geoinformatics]] and [[Geographic information science]] has been proposed as alternative comprehensive term; however, their popularity is, like geomatics, largely dependent on country.


Geomatics includes the tools and techniques used in [[land surveying]], [[remote sensing]], [[cartography]], [[geographic information system]]s (GIS), [[Satellite navigation|global navigation satellite systems]] ([[Global Positioning System|GPS]], [[GLONASS]], [[Galileo (satellite navigation)|Galileo]], [[BeiDou]]), [[photogrammetry]], [[geophysics]], [[geography]], and related forms of earth [[map]]ping. The term was originally used in Canada but has since been adopted by the [[International Organization for Standardization]], the [[Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors]], and many other international authorities, although some (especially in the United States) have shown a preference for the term ''geospatial technology'',<ref name="Boehm Mohan 2010 pp. 26–39">{{cite journal | last1=Boehm | first1=Richard G. | last2=Mohan | first2=Audrey | title=Geospatial Technology: Curricular Keystone of Applied Geography | journal=International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research | volume=1 | issue=1 | year=2010 | issn=1947-9654 | pages=26–39| doi=10.4018/jagr.2010071602 }}</ref> which may be defined as synonym of "geospatial [[information and communications technology]]".<ref name="Scholten Velde van Manen 2009 p. 1">{{cite book | last1=Scholten | first1=H.J. | last2=Velde | first2=R. | last3=van Manen | first3=N. | title=Geospatial Technology and the Role of Location in Science | publisher=Springer Netherlands | series=GeoJournal Library | year=2009 | isbn=978-90-481-2620-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SAod59fNlPEC&pg=PA1 | access-date=2022-01-28 | page=1}}</ref>
=== Land surveying ===
The methodology of [[Surveying|land surveying]] includes the measurement and analysis of points on the ground. These readings relay information regarding the angles, distances, and heights, of the points.<ref>{{Cite web |last=US Department of Commerce |first=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |title=Land Surveying Information - NGS INFO - About Us - National Geodetic Survey |url=https://geodesy.noaa.gov/INFO/land-surveying.shtml |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=geodesy.noaa.gov |language=EN-US}}</ref> It is often regarded as the art and science that helped established land boundaries that cultivated into current, legal property. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=What is Land Surveying? |url=https://www.plsc.net/what_is_land_surveying.php |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=www.plsc.net}}</ref>


Although many definitions of ''geomatics'', such as the above, appear to encompass the entire discipline relating to geographic information – including [[geodesy]], [[geographic information system]]s, [[remote sensing]], [[satellite navigation]], and [[cartography]] –, the term is almost exclusively restricted to the perspective of [[surveying]] and [[engineering]] toward geographic information.{{citation needed|date=January 2022}} ''[[Geoinformatics]]'' and ''[[Geographic information science]] has been proposed as alternative comprehensive term; however, their popularity is, like geomatics, largely dependent on country.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Krawczyk |first=Artur |date=2022-11-09 |title=Proposal of Redefinition of the Terms Geomatics and Geoinformatics on the Basis of Terminological Postulates |journal=ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information |language=en |volume=11 |issue=11 |pages=557 |doi=10.3390/ijgi11110557 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022IJGI...11..557K |issn=2220-9964}}</ref>
Land surveying is heavily involved with subdivision planning and design, [[civil engineering]], and construction.<ref name=":1" />


The related field of ''hydrogeomatics'' covers the area associated with surveying work carried out on, above or below the surface of the sea or other areas of water. The older term of [[hydrography|hydrographics]] was considered{{by whom|date=April 2015}} too specific to the preparation of marine charts, and failed to include the broader concept of positioning or measurements in all marine environments. The use of different data processing technologies in hydrography does not change the purpose of its research.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1 December 2003 |title=Invited reply: Hydrography or hydrogeomatics? |url=https://www.tib.eu/en/search/id/BLSE:RN141836194/Invited-Reply-Hydrography-or-Hydrogeomatics-?cHash=92039c0082b3714a552e85b53b247548 |journal=Hydro International |volume=7 |pages=34–37 |issn=1385-4569 |via=GITC BV.}}</ref>
=== Geovisualization ===
[[Geovisualization]] combines both [[cartography]] and [[computer science]] to bring [[spatial data]] to life. The interactive tools and techniques used assist in supporting exploration and communicate a finished conclusion. As such, the process of knowledge construction is emphasized, unlike traditional maps.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UCGIS Bok Visualizer and Search |url=https://gistbok-topics.ucgis.org/ |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=UCGIS Bok Visualizer and Search |language=en}}</ref> These can be presented in the form of [[3D modeling|3D models]], time-lapse animations, and manipulated images.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last1=Smith |first1=Mike |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235875086 |title=Treatise in Geomorphology |last2=Hillier |first2=John |last3=Otto |first3=Jan-Christoph |last4=Geilhausen |first4=Martin |date=March 2013 |edition=1 |location=San Diego |publisher=Wiley |pages=299–325 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-818234-5.00147-4}}</ref>


''Health geomatics'' can improve our understanding of the important relationship between location and health, and thus assist us in Public Health tasks like disease prevention, and also in better healthcare service planning.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kamel Boulos |first1=M. N |last2=Roudsari |first2=A. V |last3=Carson |first3=E. R |date=2001-06-01 |title=Health Geomatics: An Enabling Suite of Technologies in Health and Healthcare |journal=Journal of Biomedical Informatics |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=195–219 |doi=10.1006/jbin.2001.1015 |issn=1532-0464|doi-access=free |pmid=11723701 }}</ref> An important area of research is the use of open data in planning lifesaving activities.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gianquintieri |first1=L. |last2=Caiani |first2=E. G. |last3=Brambilla |first3=P. |last4=Pagliosa |first4=A. |last5=Villa |first5=G. F. |last6=Brovelli |first6=M. A. |date=2019-08-23 |title=Open Data in Health-Geomatics: Mapping and Evaluating Publicly Accessible Defibrillators |url=https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLII-4-W14/63/2019/ |journal=The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences |language=English |volume=XLII-4-W14 |pages=63–70 |doi=10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W14-63-2019 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2019ISPAr4214...63G |issn=1682-1750|hdl=11311/1121207 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
The computer processing involved allows users to quickly change visual parameters through filter data layers, which produces an image of higher clarity in relation to static, paper maps.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=L. |first=Miao |date=August 16, 2003 |title=FROM CARTOGRAPHY TO GEOVISUALIZATION |url=https://icaci.org/files/documents/ICC_proceedings/ICC2003/Papers/287.pdf |journal=Cartographic Renaissance |via=The International Cartographic Association (ICA)}}</ref> In relation to geomatics, a geomatics engineer will gather raw data and geovisualization will make this information easily understandable.<ref name=":2" />
[[File:Canyonlands-NP-TF.jpg|alt=Image of the canyonlands generated using TruFlite and displays hues of green, blue, and yellow for elevation. - Martin D. Adamiker|center|thumb|600x600px|''Image of the canyonlands generated using TruFlite and displays hues of green, blue, and yellow for elevation. - Martin D. Adamiker'']]


''Mining geomatics'' is the use of information systems to integrate and process spatial data for monitoring, modelling, visualisation and design of mining operations.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Krawczyk |first=Artur |date=July 2023 |title=Mining Geomatics |journal=ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information |language=en |volume=12 |issue=7 |pages=278 |doi=10.3390/ijgi12070278 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023IJGI...12..278K |issn=2220-9964}}</ref>  
=== Hydro geomatics ===
The related field of ''hydrogeomatics'' covers the area associated with surveying work carried out on, above, or below the surface of the sea or other areas of water.{{fact|date=October 2025}} The subfield is otherwise, and more commonly, known as [[hydrography]], which was coined in the mid-16th century.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hydrography {{!}} Definition & Facts |work=Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/hydrography |access-date=2025-10-13 |language=en}}</ref>
 
One pioneer of hydro geomatics is [[Alexander Dalrymple]], the first hydrographer and was appointed by the British navy in 1795. His job was to prep and print charts for travel, thus contributing to naval and merchant shipping.<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Cook |first=Andrew Stanley |title=Alexander Dalrymple (1737-1808), hydrographer to the East India Company and the Admiralty, as publisher: a catalogue of books and charts |date=1993 |degree=PhD |publisher=University of St Andrews |hdl=10023/2634 |url=https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/handle/10023/2634 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The only known painted portrait of Alexander Dalrymple |url=https://www.nms.ac.uk/discover-catalogue/the-only-known-painted-portrait-of-alexander-dalrymple |access-date=2025-10-13 |website=National Museums Scotland |language=en}}</ref> Dalrymple's history ties directly into the foundational militant ties that the field possesses, and its modern-day scope has widened to include more aspects of hydrogeography from military surveillance to [[Habitat conservation|oceanic habitat conservation]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-11 |title=Navigation {{!}} Definition, History, Measurements, & Facts |work=Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/navigation-technology |access-date=2025-10-13 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-14 |title=How Hydrographic Surveying Supports Environmental Conservation - Trail Surveys |url=https://trailsurveys.com/how-hydrographic-surveying-supports-environmental-conservation/ |access-date=2025-10-13 |language=en-US}}</ref> After the UK Hydrographic Office (UKHO) was founded in 1795, the [[United States Naval Observatory|U.S. Naval Observatory and Hydrographic Office (USNO)]] was officially instituted in 1854, paving the way for safe navigation, global shipping, and defense.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About us |url=https://www.admiralty.co.uk/about-us |access-date=2025-10-13 |website=ADMIRALTY |language=en}}</ref>
 
A U.S. governmental agency called the [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries Office of Law Enforcement|National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)]] is one example of how hydro geomatics/hydrography is applied. Underwater topography (or [[bathymetry]]) is sought after, and common geomatics technology like [[Multibeam echosounder|multibeam sonars]] are used to accomplish seabed mapping.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is Hydrography? |url=https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/ocean-fact/hydrography/ |access-date=2025-10-13 |website=NOAA Ocean Exploration |language=en-US}}</ref>
 
=== Health geomatics ===
''Health geomatics'' can improve our understanding of the important relationship between location and health, and thus assist us in Public Health tasks like disease prevention, and also in better healthcare service planning.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kamel Boulos |first1=M. N |last2=Roudsari |first2=A. V |last3=Carson |first3=E. R |date=2001-06-01 |title=Health Geomatics: An Enabling Suite of Technologies in Health and Healthcare |journal=Journal of Biomedical Informatics |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=195–219 |doi=10.1006/jbin.2001.1015 |issn=1532-0464|doi-access=free |pmid=11723701 }}</ref> An important area of research is the use of open data in planning lifesaving activities.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gianquintieri |first1=L. |last2=Caiani |first2=E. G. |last3=Brambilla |first3=P. |last4=Pagliosa |first4=A. |last5=Villa |first5=G. F. |last6=Brovelli |first6=M. A. |title=Open Data in Health-Geomatics: Mapping and Evaluating Publicly Accessible Defibrillators |journal=The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences |date=23 August 2019 |volume=XLII-4/W14 |pages=63–70 |doi=10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W14-63-2019 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2019ISPAr4214...63G |hdl=11311/1121207 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
 
=== Mining geomatics ===
''Mining geomatics'' is the branch of geomatics dedicated to mining. It focuses on acquiring, processing and analysing spatial data about objects and phenomena in mining environments to support monitoring, modelling, prediction, visualisation and decision-making in mining operations.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Krawczyk |first=Artur |date=2023 |title=Mining Geomatics: Definition, Scope and Applications |journal=ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information |volume=12 |issue=7 |pages=278 |doi=10.3390/ijgi12070278 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Its development is increasingly linked with specialized education and the formation of professional competences adapted to the needs of modern mining.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Krawczyk |first=Artur |date=2025 |title=Competencies in Mining Geomatics: Challenges and Perspectives |journal=Geosciences |volume=15 |issue=10 |pages=374 |doi=10.3390/geosciences15100374 |doi-access=free }}</ref>  


A growing number of university departments which were once titled "surveying", "survey engineering" or "[[topographic]] science" have re-titled themselves using the terms "geomatics" or "geomatics engineering", while others have switched to program titles such as "spatial information technology", and similar names.<ref>{{cite web |title=Geomatics engineering & geographic information systems (GIS) |url=https://engineering.ucdenver.edu/civil-engineering/research-specialty-areas/geomatics-gis |website=University of Colorado Denver- College of Engineering |publisher=University of Colorado Denver |access-date=October 3, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=White Mountains Community College- Spatial Information Technology Transcript Checklist |url=https://www.pdffiller.com/jsfiller-app10/?requestHash=dcf2e7d301b7267873d1b581fc7df522abc1cdfe0cd7cb5cf9a907e7e4d94126&projectId=822065265&loader=tips#d297570f6feb33f9ccccc5bea774598e |website=PDFFiller |access-date=October 3, 2021}}</ref>
A growing number of university departments which were once titled "surveying", "survey engineering" or "[[topographic]] science" have re-titled themselves using the terms "geomatics" or "geomatics engineering", while others have switched to program titles such as "spatial information technology", and similar names.<ref>{{cite web |title=Geomatics engineering & geographic information systems (GIS) |url=https://engineering.ucdenver.edu/civil-engineering/research-specialty-areas/geomatics-gis |website=University of Colorado Denver- College of Engineering |publisher=University of Colorado Denver |access-date=October 3, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=White Mountains Community College- Spatial Information Technology Transcript Checklist |url=https://www.pdffiller.com/jsfiller-app10/?requestHash=dcf2e7d301b7267873d1b581fc7df522abc1cdfe0cd7cb5cf9a907e7e4d94126&projectId=822065265&loader=tips#d297570f6feb33f9ccccc5bea774598e |website=PDFFiller |access-date=October 3, 2021}}</ref>


The rapid progress and increased visibility of geomatics since the 1990s has been made possible by advances in [[computer]] hardware, [[computer science]], and [[software engineering]], as well as by airborne and space observation [[remote-sensing]] technologies.
The rapid progress and increased visibility of geomatics since the 1990s has been made possible by advances in [[computer]] hardware, [[computer science]], and [[software engineering]], as well as by airborne and space observation [[remote-sensing]] technologies.
=== Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) ===
[[File:Comparison satellite navigation orbits.svg|alt=Global Satellite Navigation System (GNSS) orbits and comparison|thumb|200x200px|Global Satellite Navigation System (GNSS) orbits and comparison]]
[[Satellite navigation|Global navigation satellite systems]] are a collection of geospatial systems that provide global coverage. The technology has a variety of purposes from communications to mobile navigation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What are Global Navigation Satellite Systems? |url=https://novatel.com/tech-talk/an-introduction-to-gnss/what-are-global-navigation-satellite-systems-gnss |access-date=2025-10-09 |website=novatel.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Earth Science Data Systems |first=NASA |date=2024-09-12 |title=Global Navigation Satellite System {{!}} NASA Earthdata |url=https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/data/space-geodesy-techniques/gnss |access-date=2025-10-09 |website=www.earthdata.nasa.gov |language=en}}</ref> The six GNSS constellations in operation are the U.S. [[Global Positioning System|GPS]] Operational Constellation, GLObal NAvigation Satellite System ([[GLONASS]]) stemming from Russia, the European [[Galileo (satellite navigation)|Galileo]], China's [[BeiDou|BeiDou/Compass]], Japan's Quasi-Zenith Satellite System ([[Quasi-Zenith Satellite System|QZSS]]), and The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System ([[Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System|IRNSS]]).


== Geomatics engineering ==
== Geomatics engineering ==


[[File:TS by The sea.jpg|thumb|Surveyor using a [[total station]]]]
[[File:TS by The sea.jpg|thumb|Surveyor using a [[total station]]|left]]
'''Geomatics engineering''' is a rapidly developing engineering discipline which focuses on [[spatial information]] (i.e. information that has a location).<ref>{{cite journal |id={{ProQuest|202972772}} |last1=Hazelton |first1=N W J |title=Surveying, Geomatics, and Engineering: A 'Structure' for a Rapidly Evolving Profession |journal=Surveying and Land Information Science |volume=65 |issue=3 |date=September 2005 |pages=211–222 }}</ref> The location is the primary factor used to integrate a very wide range of data for spatial analysis and visualization. Geomatics engineers design, develop, and operate systems for collecting and analyzing spatial information about the land, the oceans, natural resources, and manmade features.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Department of Geomatics Engineering {{!}} Kathmandu University |url=http://geom.ku.edu.np/ |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=Department of Geomatics Engineering}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lam |first1=Steve Yau-Wah |last2=Yip |first2=Tsz Leung |title=The role of geomatics engineering in establishing the marine information system for maritime management |journal=Maritime Policy & Management |date=February 2008 |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=53–60 |doi=10.1080/03088830701848896 |s2cid=154941027 |hdl=10397/27671 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
'''Geomatics engineering''' is a rapidly developing engineering discipline which focuses on [[spatial information]] (i.e. information that has a location).<ref>{{cite journal |id={{ProQuest|202972772}} |last1=Hazelton |first1=N W J |title=Surveying, Geomatics, and Engineering: A 'Structure' for a Rapidly Evolving Profession |journal=Surveying and Land Information Science |volume=65 |issue=3 |date=September 2005 |pages=211–222 }}</ref> The location is the primary factor used to integrate a very wide range of data for spatial analysis and visualization. Geomatics engineers design, develop, and operate systems for collecting and analyzing spatial information about the land, the oceans, natural resources, and manmade features.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Department of Geomatics Engineering {{!}} Kathmandu University |url=http://geom.ku.edu.np/ |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=Department of Geomatics Engineering}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lam |first1=Steve Yau-Wah |last2=Yip |first2=Tsz Leung |title=The role of geomatics engineering in establishing the marine information system for maritime management |journal=Maritime Policy & Management |date=February 2008 |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=53–60 |doi=10.1080/03088830701848896 |s2cid=154941027 |hdl=10397/27671 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Geomatics engineers apply engineering principles to spatial information and implement relational data structures involving measurement sciences, thus using geomatics and acting as spatial information engineers. Geomatics engineers manage local, regional, national and global spatial data infrastructures.<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1007/978-981-13-7067-0 |title=Applications of Geomatics in Civil Engineering |series=Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering |date=2020 |volume=33 |isbn=978-981-13-7066-3 |editor1-first=Jayanta Kumar |editor1-last=Ghosh |editor2-first=Irineu |editor2-last=da Silva }}{{page needed|date=December 2023}}</ref> Geomatics engineering also involves aspects of Computer Engineering, Software Engineering and Civil Engineering.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marshall, Wesley |url=https://engineering.ucdenver.edu/civil-engineering/research-specialty-areas/geomatics-gis |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=engineering.ucdenver.edu |language=en}}</ref>
 
=== Spatial statistics ===
The work of geomatics engineers includes the analysis of [[Spatial analysis|spatial data and statistics]].<ref name=":02">{{cite book |last1=Berliner |first1=L.M. |title=International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences |chapter=Spatial Statistical Methods |date=2001 |pages=14829–14836 |doi=10.1016/B0-08-043076-7/00510-6 |isbn=978-0-08-043076-8 }}</ref> This information models "spatially-indexed dependence structures", which combats the idea of an independent and identically distributed set of data.<ref name=":02" /> It is also known as [[Spatial analysis|geospatial analytics]], and is the information pertaining to a specific location in geospace. The analysis done by geomatics engineers in this field provides actionable insight in accordance to what is being examined.<ref>{{Cite web |last=actemplatestg |date=2024-11-18 |title=What Is Spatial Data Analysis? - USC GIS |url=https://gis.usc.edu/blog/what-is-spatial-data-analysis/ |access-date=2025-10-14 |website=USC GIS Graduate Programs |language=en}}</ref>
 
=== Subdivision planning ===
Working alongside [[civil engineers]], geomatics engineers will utilize the GNSS and high precision instruments to determine legal and geographic boundaries of an area.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wagh |first1=Rajesh Vasantrao |last2=Auti |first2=Sharad Karnasaheb |date=2025-03-29 |title=The Role of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in Land Use Planning |url=https://ijisem.com/journal/index.php/ijisem/article/view/274 |journal=International Journal of Innovations in Science, Engineering and Management |language=en |pages=366–370 |doi=10.69968/ijisem.2025v4i1366-370 |issn=2583-7117}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Klag |first=Melanie |date=2025-09-09 |title=What Is Construction Staking? A Critical Role for Land Surveyors |url=https://www.mckissock.com/blog/land-surveyor/construction-staking-a-critical-role-for-land-surveyors/ |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=McKissock Learning |language=en-US}}</ref> The raw data is processed through a Geographic Information System (GIS) database, which will then be used as a source by a team.
 
To assess the most optimal layout, the proposed design is run through constraint data such as floodplains, wetlands, and steep slopes.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Konur |first1=Kardelen |last2=Alkan |first2=Reha Metin |date=27–29 October 2021 |title=THE ROLE OF GEOMATICS ENGINEER IN SMART CITIES: A VIEW WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF TURKISH 2020-2023 NATIONAL SMART CITIES STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN |url=https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVI-4-W5-2021/333/2021/isprs-archives-XLVI-4-W5-2021-333-2021.pdf |journal=The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences |location=Istanbul, Turkey |volume=XLVI}}</ref> A [[Subdivision]] Plat is prepared, which is the legally recorded map illustrating boundaries, dimensions, and associated partitions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Subdivision Information {{!}} St. Joseph County, IN |url=https://www.sjcindiana.gov/2150/Subdivision-Information |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=www.sjcindiana.gov}}</ref>


Geomatics engineers apply engineering principles to spatial information and implement relational data structures involving measurement sciences, thus using geomatics and acting as spatial information engineers. Geomatics engineers manage local, regional, national and global spatial data infrastructures.<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1007/978-981-13-7067-0 |title=Applications of Geomatics in Civil Engineering |series=Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering |date=2020 |volume=33 |isbn=978-981-13-7066-3 |editor1-first=Jayanta Kumar |editor1-last=Ghosh |editor2-first=Irineu |editor2-last=da Silva }}{{page needed|date=December 2023}}</ref> Geomatics engineering also involves aspects of Computer Engineering, Software Engineering and Civil Engineering.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marshall, Wesley |url=https://engineering.ucdenver.edu/civil-engineering/research-specialty-areas/geomatics-gis |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=engineering.ucdenver.edu |language=en}}</ref>
== Impact ==
Geomatics and the technology associated with it has made several breakthroughs in climate change efforts, [[population health]], and oceanic activities.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cusimano |first1=M D |last2=Chipman |first2=M |last3=Glazier |first3=R H |last4=Rinner |first4=C |last5=Marshall |first5=S P |title=Geomatics in injury prevention: the science, the potential and the limitations: Figure 1 |journal=Injury Prevention |date=February 2007 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=51–56 |doi=10.1136/ip.2006.012468 |pmc=2610555 |pmid=17296690 }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite journal |last1=Alkan |first1=S. |last2=Alkan |first2=R. M. |last3=Seker |first3=D. Z. |title=The Role of Geomatics Engineering in Climate Change Studies |journal=The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences |date=8 March 2024 |volume=XLVIII-4/W9-2024 |pages=21–27 |doi=10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-4-W9-2024-21-2024 |bibcode=2024ISPAr48W9...21A |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mushtaq |first1=Fayma |last2=Alhems |first2=Luai Muhammad |last3=Farooq |first3=Majid |last4=Tiwari |first4=Surya Prakash |title=A comprehensive review of geomatics based coastal zone management in the Realm of Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia |journal=Discover Applied Sciences |date=14 February 2025 |volume=7 |issue=2 |article-number=140 |doi=10.1007/s42452-025-06541-0 |doi-access=free }}</ref> This application is especially evident in the use of [[photogrammetry]], where images utilized by geomatics can be turned into 3D models.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Moreno |first1=Hugo |last2=Andújar |first2=Dionisio |title=Proximal sensing for geometric characterization of vines: A review of the latest advances |journal=Computers and Electronics in Agriculture |date=July 2023 |volume=210 |article-number=107901 |doi=10.1016/j.compag.2023.107901 |bibcode=2023CEAgr.21007901M |doi-access=free }}</ref> Furthermore, data from geospatial techniques are employed for governmental use to ameliorate the issues on [[Earth|Earth's]] surface.<ref name=":0" />


== Applications ==
=== Sustainability ===
Application areas include:  
The ability to interpret geodata is pushing companies in the industry to achieve net-zero emissions.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=The geospatial industry's role in combating climate change |url=https://www.gim-international.com/content/article/the-geospatial-industry-s-role-in-combating-climate-change |access-date=2025-12-16 |website=www.gim-international.com |language=en}}</ref> Agreements and plans across the globe promote climate neutrality such as the Sustainable Developmental Goals (SDGs) and the various editions of the [[United Nations Climate Change Conference|United Nations Climate Change]] conference series.<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":03">{{Cite web |last1=Alkan |first1=Sis |last2=Alkan |first2=Reha Metin |last3=Seker |first3=Dursun Zafer |date=March 2024 |title=THE ROLE OF GEOMATICS ENGINEERING IN CLIMATE CHANGE STUDIES |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378869743 |access-date=December 16, 2025 |website=Research Gate}}</ref>
*[[Aeromagnetic survey]]s
*Airborne [[geophysics]]
*[[Air navigation]] services
*[[Excavation (archaeology)|Archaeological excavation]] and [[Archaeological field survey|survey]] for [[GIS]] applications
*[[Coast]]al zone management and mapping
*[[Disaster informatics]] for disaster risk reduction and response
*[[Environment (biophysical)|The environment]]
*[[Infrastructure]] management
*[[Land management]] and reform
*[[Natural resource]] monitoring and development
*Seismic Interpretation
*[[Subdivision (land)|Subdivision]] planning
*[[Urban and regional planning]]
*[[Oceanography]]
*[[Meteorology]]
*[[Parks]]
*[[Resource Management]]
*[[Climate Change]]/Environmental Monitoring


==Areas of knowledge==
The Earth Archive Initiative, launched by Christopher Fisher, aims to create a digital baseline of Earth and mitigate the climate crisis.<ref name=":12" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Earth Archive |url=http://www.theeartharchive.com/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251004174244/http://www.theeartharchive.com/ |archive-date=2025-10-04 |access-date=2025-12-16 |website=The Earth Archive |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Lidar|LiDAR]], a remote sensing technology, will be used to carry out scans of the planet's landmass, which estimates to about 30% of the Earth's surface area. The LiDAR scans would provide a dataset of present data available and the Earth's future state. Doing so will assist in understanding and combating the climate change crisis with a visual representation.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fisher |first1=Christopher |last2=Leisz |first2=Stephen |last3=Evans |first3=Damian |last4=Wall |first4=Diana H. |last5=Galvin |first5=Kathleen |last6=Laituri |first6=Melinda |last7=Henebry |first7=Geoffrey |last8=Zeidler |first8=James |last9=Fernandez-Diaz |first9=Juan Carlos |last10=Pallickara |first10=Shrideep |last11=Pallickara |first11=Sangmi |last12=Garrison |first12=Thomas |last13=Estrada-Belli |first13=Francisco |last14=Neves |first14=Eduardo |last15=Reese-Taylor |first15=Kathryn |date=2022-03-15 |title=Creating an Earth Archive |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=119 |issue=11 |article-number=e2115485119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2115485119 |pmid=35263218 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11915485F |doi-access=free }}</ref>
Geomatics integrates science and technology from both new and traditional disciplines:
*[[Geodesy]]
*[[Geodynamics]]
*[[Global positioning system]] (GPS) or [[global navigation satellite system]] (GNSS)
*[[Surveying]] (including land, cadastral, aerial, mining and engineering surveying)
*[[Hydrography]]
*[[Navigation]]
*[[Location-based services]]
*[[Cartography]] and [[digital mapping]]
*[[Geographic information system]]s (GIS), spatial database management and geographic information technology (GeoIT)
*[[Spatial analysis]], spatial data mining and knowledge discovery, and spatial statistics
*[[Computer-aided design]] (CAD) and [[scientific visualization]]
*[[Geovisualization]], Geovisual Analytics, [[Visual communication design]], [[graphic design]] and multimedia technology
*[[Remote sensing]]
*[[Digital Earth]]
*[[Image processing]]
*[[Photogrammetry]]
*[[Computer vision]]
*[[Land information system]]s (LIS)
*[[Land management]], [[cadastre]], real property law
*Applications programming
*[[Project management]]
*[[Land Surveying]]
*[[LIDAR]]
*[[Digital terrain modelling]]


== See also ==
== See also ==
Line 88: Line 80:
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
*''Geomatics Canada'' Ottawa: [[Natural Resources Canada]] ISSN 1491-5480
*{{cite book |last1=Dermanis |first1=Athanasios |last2=Grün |first2=Armin |last3=Sansò |first3=Fernando |year=2000 |title=Geomatic Methods for the Analysis of Data in the Earth Sciences |location=New York |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-540-67476-4}}
*{{cite book |last=Kavanagh |first=Barry F. |year=2003 |title=Geomatics |publisher=[[Prentice Hall]] |isbn=978-0-130-32289-0}}
* Yvan Bédard, "Geomatics" in Karen Kemp (2008), Encyclopedia of Geographic Information Science, Sage. [https://books.google.com/books?id=FrUQHIzXK6EC&pg=PT221]
* Yvan Bédard (2007), "Geomatics": 26 years of history already!, ''Geomatica'', 61(3):269–272. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/297115209_Geomatics_26_years_of_history_already]
*{{cite book |last=Gomarasca |first=Mario A. |year=2009 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BAQ3FJiXDGsC |title=Basics of Geomatics |publisher=Springer  |isbn=978-1-402-09014-1}}
** "Geomatics", Chap. 1 in Mario A. Gomarasca (2009) Basics of Geomatics, Springer.[https://books.google.com/books?id=BAQ3FJiXDGsC&pg=PA1]
* "Geomatics", sec. 1.3 in Mathias Lemmens (2011), Geo-information: Technologies, Applications and the Environment, Springer. [https://books.google.com/books?id=n_tUAWYg4UQC&pg=PA12]
*{{cite book |last=Ogaja |first=Clement |author-link=Clement Ogaja |year=2016 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZkDOBQAAQBAJ |title=Geomatics Engineering: A Practical Guide to Project Design |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-439-89511-5}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Commons category}}
*International Master's Program [https://www.hs-karlsruhe.de/geomatics/ Geomatics] at Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences
 
*Namibia's [http://fnrss.nust.na/?q=department/geo-spatial-technology/geomatics/ Geomatics Program] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123132931/http://fnrss.nust.na/?q=department/geo-spatial-technology/geomatics/ |date=2021-11-23 }}
*[http://www.nicholls.edu/engineering/ Bachelor of Science in Geomatics] at Nicholls State University
*[http://sfrc.ufl.edu/geomatics/ Geomatics program] at the University of Florida
*Canada's [http://www.geomatics.gov.nt.ca/nwtdp.aspx Northwest Territories Centre for Geomatics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128163239/http://www.geomatics.gov.nt.ca/nwtdp.aspx |date=2020-01-28 }}
*UK's [https://web.archive.org/web/20140508061951/https://www.geomatics-group.co.uk/geocms/ Environment Agency Geomatics Group]
*[http://www.gim-international.com/ ''GIM International''] Lemmer, the Netherlands: Geodetical Information & Trading Centre ISSN 1566-9076
*{{in lang|fr}} {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110710083019/http://www.geometres-sans-frontieres.org/  Géomètres sans Frontières]}} : Association de géometres pour aide au développement.
* [http://www.survey.ntua.gr/en/ School of Rural and Surveying Engineering] at National Technical University of Athens (MEng)


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Latest revision as of 21:17, 19 December 2025

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Distinguish". Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Template:Too many list sections

Template:Geography sidebar

File:Survey instruments-2.png
A surveyor's shed showing equipment used for geomatics

Geomatics is defined in the ISO/TC 211 series of standards as the "discipline concerned with the collection, distribution, storage, analysis, processing, presentation of geographic data or geographic information".[1] Under another definition, it consists of products, services and tools involved in the collection, integration and management of geographic (geospatial) data.[2] Surveying engineering was the common name used for geomatics engineering in the past. The term was placed by the UNESCO Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems under the branch of technical geography, which is geared towards interpreting and communicating spatial data.[3][4]

History and etymology

The term was proposed in French ("géomatique") at the end of the 1960s by scientist Bernard Dubuisson to reflect at the time recent changes in the jobs of surveyor and photogrammetrist.[5] On June 1, 1971, 'geomatics' was first employed in a French Ministry of Public Works memorandum instituting a "standing committee of geomatics" in the government.[6]

At the centennial congress of the Canadian Institute of Surveying (now known as the Canadian Institute of Geomatics) in April 1982, the new classification was further popularised in English by French-Canadian surveyor Michel Paradis in keynote address.[7][8] Paradis claimed that at the end of the 20th century the needs for geographical information would reach a scope without precedent in history and that, in order to address these needs, it was necessary to integrate in a new discipline both the traditional disciplines of land surveying and the new tools and techniques of data capture, manipulation, storage and diffusion.[9]

Evolving from its Canadian origins, the term has since been adopted by recognized governmental groups, like the International Organization for Standardization and the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors.[10][11] Many other international authorities, such as those in the United States, have shown a preference for the term geospatial technology, which may be defined as a synonym of "geospatial information and communications technology".

Types of geomatics

Geomatics is an umbrella term that includes the tools and techniques used to analyze the Earth's surface. These can range from land surveying, remote sensing, nautical charts, geographic information systems (GIS), and several other related forms of earth mapping. Some scientists and researchers intend to restrict geomatics to the perspective of surveying and engineering toward geographic information in order to avoid forming a vague concept.[12] Geoinformatics and Geographic information science has been proposed as alternative comprehensive term; however, their popularity is, like geomatics, largely dependent on country.

Land surveying

The methodology of land surveying includes the measurement and analysis of points on the ground. These readings relay information regarding the angles, distances, and heights, of the points.[13] It is often regarded as the art and science that helped established land boundaries that cultivated into current, legal property. [14]

Land surveying is heavily involved with subdivision planning and design, civil engineering, and construction.[14]

Geovisualization

Geovisualization combines both cartography and computer science to bring spatial data to life. The interactive tools and techniques used assist in supporting exploration and communicate a finished conclusion. As such, the process of knowledge construction is emphasized, unlike traditional maps.[15] These can be presented in the form of 3D models, time-lapse animations, and manipulated images.[16]

The computer processing involved allows users to quickly change visual parameters through filter data layers, which produces an image of higher clarity in relation to static, paper maps.[17] In relation to geomatics, a geomatics engineer will gather raw data and geovisualization will make this information easily understandable.[16]

Image of the canyonlands generated using TruFlite and displays hues of green, blue, and yellow for elevation. - Martin D. Adamiker
Image of the canyonlands generated using TruFlite and displays hues of green, blue, and yellow for elevation. - Martin D. Adamiker

Hydro geomatics

The related field of hydrogeomatics covers the area associated with surveying work carried out on, above, or below the surface of the sea or other areas of water.Template:Fact The subfield is otherwise, and more commonly, known as hydrography, which was coined in the mid-16th century.[18]

One pioneer of hydro geomatics is Alexander Dalrymple, the first hydrographer and was appointed by the British navy in 1795. His job was to prep and print charts for travel, thus contributing to naval and merchant shipping.[19][20] Dalrymple's history ties directly into the foundational militant ties that the field possesses, and its modern-day scope has widened to include more aspects of hydrogeography from military surveillance to oceanic habitat conservation.[21][22] After the UK Hydrographic Office (UKHO) was founded in 1795, the U.S. Naval Observatory and Hydrographic Office (USNO) was officially instituted in 1854, paving the way for safe navigation, global shipping, and defense.[23]

A U.S. governmental agency called the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is one example of how hydro geomatics/hydrography is applied. Underwater topography (or bathymetry) is sought after, and common geomatics technology like multibeam sonars are used to accomplish seabed mapping.[24]

Health geomatics

Health geomatics can improve our understanding of the important relationship between location and health, and thus assist us in Public Health tasks like disease prevention, and also in better healthcare service planning.[25] An important area of research is the use of open data in planning lifesaving activities.[26]

Mining geomatics

Mining geomatics is the branch of geomatics dedicated to mining. It focuses on acquiring, processing and analysing spatial data about objects and phenomena in mining environments to support monitoring, modelling, prediction, visualisation and decision-making in mining operations.[27] Its development is increasingly linked with specialized education and the formation of professional competences adapted to the needs of modern mining.[28]

A growing number of university departments which were once titled "surveying", "survey engineering" or "topographic science" have re-titled themselves using the terms "geomatics" or "geomatics engineering", while others have switched to program titles such as "spatial information technology", and similar names.[29][30]

The rapid progress and increased visibility of geomatics since the 1990s has been made possible by advances in computer hardware, computer science, and software engineering, as well as by airborne and space observation remote-sensing technologies.

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)

Global Satellite Navigation System (GNSS) orbits and comparison
Global Satellite Navigation System (GNSS) orbits and comparison

Global navigation satellite systems are a collection of geospatial systems that provide global coverage. The technology has a variety of purposes from communications to mobile navigation.[31][32] The six GNSS constellations in operation are the U.S. GPS Operational Constellation, GLObal NAvigation Satellite System (GLONASS) stemming from Russia, the European Galileo, China's BeiDou/Compass, Japan's Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), and The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS).

Geomatics engineering

File:TS by The sea.jpg
Surveyor using a total station

Geomatics engineering is a rapidly developing engineering discipline which focuses on spatial information (i.e. information that has a location).[33] The location is the primary factor used to integrate a very wide range of data for spatial analysis and visualization. Geomatics engineers design, develop, and operate systems for collecting and analyzing spatial information about the land, the oceans, natural resources, and manmade features.[34][35] Geomatics engineers apply engineering principles to spatial information and implement relational data structures involving measurement sciences, thus using geomatics and acting as spatial information engineers. Geomatics engineers manage local, regional, national and global spatial data infrastructures.[36] Geomatics engineering also involves aspects of Computer Engineering, Software Engineering and Civil Engineering.[37]

Spatial statistics

The work of geomatics engineers includes the analysis of spatial data and statistics.[38] This information models "spatially-indexed dependence structures", which combats the idea of an independent and identically distributed set of data.[38] It is also known as geospatial analytics, and is the information pertaining to a specific location in geospace. The analysis done by geomatics engineers in this field provides actionable insight in accordance to what is being examined.[39]

Subdivision planning

Working alongside civil engineers, geomatics engineers will utilize the GNSS and high precision instruments to determine legal and geographic boundaries of an area.[40][41] The raw data is processed through a Geographic Information System (GIS) database, which will then be used as a source by a team.

To assess the most optimal layout, the proposed design is run through constraint data such as floodplains, wetlands, and steep slopes.[42] A Subdivision Plat is prepared, which is the legally recorded map illustrating boundaries, dimensions, and associated partitions.[43]

Impact

Geomatics and the technology associated with it has made several breakthroughs in climate change efforts, population health, and oceanic activities.[44][45][46] This application is especially evident in the use of photogrammetry, where images utilized by geomatics can be turned into 3D models.[47] Furthermore, data from geospatial techniques are employed for governmental use to ameliorate the issues on Earth's surface.[45]

Sustainability

The ability to interpret geodata is pushing companies in the industry to achieve net-zero emissions.[48] Agreements and plans across the globe promote climate neutrality such as the Sustainable Developmental Goals (SDGs) and the various editions of the United Nations Climate Change conference series.[48][49]

The Earth Archive Initiative, launched by Christopher Fisher, aims to create a digital baseline of Earth and mitigate the climate crisis.[48][50] LiDAR, a remote sensing technology, will be used to carry out scans of the planet's landmass, which estimates to about 30% of the Earth's surface area. The LiDAR scans would provide a dataset of present data available and the Earth's future state. Doing so will assist in understanding and combating the climate change crisis with a visual representation.[51]

See also

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ ISO/TR 19122:2004(en) Geographic information/Geomatics — Qualification and certification of personnel [1]
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  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

External links

Template:Sister project


Template:Geodesy navbox Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Authority control

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