Callitrichidae: Difference between revisions

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| type_genus = ''[[Callithrix]]''
| type_genus = ''[[Callithrix]]''
| type_genus_authority = Erxleben, 1777
| type_genus_authority = Erxleben, 1777
| synonyms =
| synonyms = *Callitrichidae <small>Napier and Napier, 1967</small>
*Callitrichidae <small>Napier and Napier, 1967</small>
*Hapalidae <small>Wagner, 1840</small>
*Hapalidae <small>Wagner, 1840</small>
| range_map = Callitrichidae_Range.png
| range_map = Callitrichidae_Range.png
| range_map_caption = The range of Callitrichidae species.
| range_map_caption = The range of Callitrichidae species
}}
}}


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Ancestral [[stem group|stem-]]callitrichids likely were "normal-sized" [[Ceboidea|ceboids]] that were dwarfed through evolutionary time. This may exemplify a rare example of insular dwarfing in a mainland context, with the "islands" being formed by biogeographic barriers during arid climatic periods when forest distribution became patchy, and/or by the extensive river networks in the [[Amazon Basin]].<ref name="Ford1980"/>
Ancestral [[stem group|stem-]]callitrichids likely were "normal-sized" [[Ceboidea|ceboids]] that were dwarfed through evolutionary time. This may exemplify a rare example of insular dwarfing in a mainland context, with the "islands" being formed by biogeographic barriers during arid climatic periods when forest distribution became patchy, and/or by the extensive river networks in the [[Amazon Basin]].<ref name="Ford1980"/>


All callitrichids are [[arboreal]]. They are the smallest of the [[simian]] [[primate]]s. They eat insects, fruit, and the sap or gum from trees; occasionally, they take small vertebrates. The marmosets rely quite heavily on tree [[exudate]]s, with some species (e.g. ''[[Callithrix jacchus]]'' and ''[[Cebuella pygmaea]]'') considered [[obligate]] exudativores.<ref name="HarrisonTardif1994">{{Cite journal | last1 = Harrison | first1 = M. L. | last2 = Tardif | first2 = S. D. | doi = 10.1002/ajpa.1330950404 | title = Social implications of gummivory in marmosets | journal = American Journal of Physical Anthropology | volume = 95 | issue = 4 | pages = 399–408 | year = 1994 | pmid =  7864061}}</ref>
All callitrichids are [[arboreal]]. They are the smallest of the [[simian]] [[primate]]s. They eat insects, fruit, and the sap or gum from trees; occasionally, they take small vertebrates. The marmosets rely quite heavily on tree [[exudate]]s, with some species (e.g. ''[[Callithrix jacchus]]'' and ''[[Cebuella pygmaea]]'') considered [[obligate]] exudativores.<ref name="HarrisonTardif1994">{{Cite journal | last1 = Harrison | first1 = M. L. | last2 = Tardif | first2 = S. D. | doi = 10.1002/ajpa.1330950404 | title = Social implications of gummivory in marmosets | journal = American Journal of Physical Anthropology | volume = 95 | issue = 4 | pages = 399–408 | year = 1994 | pmid =  7864061 | bibcode = 1994AJPA...95..399H }}</ref>


Callitrichids typically live in small, [[territory (animal)|territorial]] groups of about five or six animals. Their [[Social organisation|social organization]] is unique among primates, and is called a "cooperative polyandrous group". This communal breeding system involves groups of multiple males and females, but only one female is reproductively active. Females mate with more than one male and each shares the responsibility of carrying the offspring.<ref name="Sussman1">{{cite book | last = Sussman | first = R.W. | title = Primate Ecology and Social Structure | chapter = Chapter 1: Ecology: General Principles | page = 29 | publisher = Pearson Custom Publishing | year = 2003 | isbn = 978-0-536-74363-3}}</ref>
Callitrichids typically live in small, [[territory (animal)|territorial]] groups of about five or six animals. Their [[Social organisation|social organization]] is unique among primates, and is called a "cooperative polyandrous group". This communal breeding system involves groups of multiple males and females, but only one female is reproductively active. Females mate with more than one male and each shares the responsibility of carrying the offspring.<ref name="Sussman1">{{cite book | last = Sussman | first = R.W. | title = Primate Ecology and Social Structure | chapter = Chapter 1: Ecology: General Principles | page = 29 | publisher = Pearson Custom Publishing | year = 2003 | isbn = 978-0-536-74363-3}}</ref>
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[[Image:Tamarin portrait 2 edit3.jpg|thumb|right|[[Emperor tamarin]] (''Saguinus imperator'')]]
[[Image:Tamarin portrait 2 edit3.jpg|thumb|right|[[Emperor tamarin]] (''Saguinus imperator'')]]
{{see also|List of platyrrhines}}
{{see also|List of platyrrhines}}
Taxa included in the Callitrichidae are:<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Garbino|first1=Guilherme S.T.|last2=Martins-Junior|first2=Antonio M.G.|title=Phenotypic evolution in marmoset and tamarin monkeys (Cebidae, Callitrichinae) and a revised genus-level classification|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=118| pages=156–171| doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2017.10.002|pmid=28989098|year=2018|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=rylands>{{cite journal |author=Rylands, Anthony B. |author2=Eckhard W. Heymann |author3=Jessica Lynch Alfaro |author4=Janet C. Buckner |author5=Christian Roos |author6=Christian Matauschek |author7=Jean P. Boubli |author8=Ricardo Sampaio |author9=Russell A. Mittermeier | year=2016 | title=Taxonomic Review of the New World Tamarins (Primates: Callitrichidae) | journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society | volume=177 | issue=4 | pages=1003–1028 | doi=10.1111/zoj.12386 | url=http://socgen.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Rylands-et-al-Review-of-tamarin-taxonomy-J-Zool-Linn-Soc-2016.pdf | access-date=2020-04-19 | archive-date=2017-01-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128171237/http://socgen.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Rylands-et-al-Review-of-tamarin-taxonomy-J-Zool-Linn-Soc-2016.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last1=Cortés-Ortiz | first1=Lilliana | year=2009 |chapter=Molecular Phylogenetics of the Callitrichidae with an Emphasis on the Marmosets and Callimico |editor=Ford, S. |editor2=Porter, L. |editor3=Davis, L. |title=The Smallest Anthropoids: Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects |publisher=Springer |location=Boston | pages=3–24 | doi=10.1007/978-1-4419-0293-1_1| isbn=978-1-4419-0292-4}}</ref><ref name=Silvestro>{{cite bioRxiv |last1=Silvestro |first1=Daniele |last2=Tejedor |first2=Marcelo F. |last3=Serrano Serrano |first3=Martha L. |last4=Loiseau |first4=Oriane |last5=Rossier |first5=Victor |last6=Rolland |first6=Jonathan |last7=Zizka |first7=Alexander |last8=Antonelli |first8=Alexandre |last9=Salamin |first9=Nicolas |year=2017 |title=Evolutionary history of New World monkeys revealed by molecular and fossil data |biorxiv=10.1101/178111}}</ref>
Taxa included in the Callitrichidae are:<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Garbino|first1=Guilherme S.T.|last2=Martins-Junior|first2=Antonio M.G.|title=Phenotypic evolution in marmoset and tamarin monkeys (Cebidae, Callitrichinae) and a revised genus-level classification|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=118| pages=156–171| doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2017.10.002|pmid=28989098|year=2018|bibcode=2018MolPE.118..156G |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=rylands>{{cite journal |author=Rylands, Anthony B. |author2=Eckhard W. Heymann |author3=Jessica Lynch Alfaro |author4=Janet C. Buckner |author5=Christian Roos |author6=Christian Matauschek |author7=Jean P. Boubli |author8=Ricardo Sampaio |author9=Russell A. Mittermeier | year=2016 | title=Taxonomic Review of the New World Tamarins (Primates: Callitrichidae) | journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society | volume=177 | issue=4 | pages=1003–1028 | doi=10.1111/zoj.12386 | url=http://socgen.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Rylands-et-al-Review-of-tamarin-taxonomy-J-Zool-Linn-Soc-2016.pdf | access-date=2020-04-19 | archive-date=2017-01-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128171237/http://socgen.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Rylands-et-al-Review-of-tamarin-taxonomy-J-Zool-Linn-Soc-2016.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last1=Cortés-Ortiz | first1=Lilliana | year=2009 |chapter=Molecular Phylogenetics of the Callitrichidae with an Emphasis on the Marmosets and Callimico |editor=Ford, S. |editor2=Porter, L. |editor3=Davis, L. |title=The Smallest Anthropoids: Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects |publisher=Springer |location=Boston | pages=3–24 | doi=10.1007/978-1-4419-0293-1_1| isbn=978-1-4419-0292-4}}</ref><ref name=Silvestro>{{cite bioRxiv |last1=Silvestro |first1=Daniele |last2=Tejedor |first2=Marcelo F. |last3=Serrano Serrano |first3=Martha L. |last4=Loiseau |first4=Oriane |last5=Rossier |first5=Victor |last6=Rolland |first6=Jonathan |last7=Zizka |first7=Alexander |last8=Antonelli |first8=Alexandre |last9=Salamin |first9=Nicolas |year=2017 |title=Evolutionary history of New World monkeys revealed by molecular and fossil data |biorxiv=10.1101/178111}}</ref>


*'''Family Callitrichidae'''
*'''Family Callitrichidae'''
** Genus ''[[Saguinus]]''
** Genus ''[[Saguinus]]''
*** Subgenus ''[[Tamarin|Saguinus]]''
*** Subgenus ''[[Tamarin|Saguinus]]''
**** [[Red-handed tamarin]], ''Saguinus midas''
**** [[Golden-handed tamarin]], ''Saguinus midas''
**** [[Black tamarin|Western black tamarin]], ''Saguinus niger''
**** [[Black tamarin|Western black tamarin]], ''Saguinus niger''
**** [[Eastern black-handed tamarin]], ''Saguinus ursulus''
**** [[Eastern black-handed tamarin]], ''Saguinus ursulus''
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{{Haplorhini|S.}}
{{Haplorhini|S.}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q574338}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q574338}}
 
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Callitrichidae| ]]
[[Category:Callitrichidae| ]]
[[Category:Primate families]]
[[Category:Primate families]]

Latest revision as of 05:37, 20 December 2025

Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox

The Callitrichidae (also called Arctopitheci or Hapalidae) are a family of New World monkeys, including marmosets, tamarins, and lion tamarins. At times, this group of animals has been regarded as a subfamily, called the Callitrichinae, of the family Cebidae.

This taxon was traditionally thought to be a primitive lineage, from which all the larger-bodied platyrrhines evolved.[1] However, some works argue that callitrichids are actually a dwarfed lineage.[2][3]

Ancestral stem-callitrichids likely were "normal-sized" ceboids that were dwarfed through evolutionary time. This may exemplify a rare example of insular dwarfing in a mainland context, with the "islands" being formed by biogeographic barriers during arid climatic periods when forest distribution became patchy, and/or by the extensive river networks in the Amazon Basin.[2]

All callitrichids are arboreal. They are the smallest of the simian primates. They eat insects, fruit, and the sap or gum from trees; occasionally, they take small vertebrates. The marmosets rely quite heavily on tree exudates, with some species (e.g. Callithrix jacchus and Cebuella pygmaea) considered obligate exudativores.[4]

Callitrichids typically live in small, territorial groups of about five or six animals. Their social organization is unique among primates, and is called a "cooperative polyandrous group". This communal breeding system involves groups of multiple males and females, but only one female is reproductively active. Females mate with more than one male and each shares the responsibility of carrying the offspring.[5]

They are the only primate group that regularly produces twins, which constitute over 80% of births in species that have been studied. Unlike other male primates, male callitrichids generally provide as much parental care as females. Parental duties may include carrying, protecting, feeding, comforting, and even engaging in play behavior with offspring. In some cases, such as in the cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus), males, particularly those that are paternal, even show a greater involvement in caregiving than females.[6] The typical social structure seems to constitute a breeding group, with several of their previous offspring living in the group and providing significant help in rearing the young.

Species and subspecies list

File:Tamarin portrait 2 edit3.jpg
Emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator)

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References

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  1. ↑ Hershkovitz, P. Living New World Monkeys (Platyrrhini) with an Introduction to the Primates. University of Chicago 1977.
  2. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Naish, Darren. Marmosets and tamarins: dwarfed monkeys of the South American tropics. Scientific American November 27, 2012
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Cleveland and Snowdon. Social development during the first twenty weeks in the cotton-top tamarin ( Saguinus o. oedipus). Animal Behaviour (1984) vol. 32 (2) pp. 432-444
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Template:Cite bioRxiv
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

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