Sapsucker: Difference between revisions
imported>JJMC89 bot III m Merging Category:Sapsuckers to Category:Sphyrapicus per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2025 April 8#Category:Sapsuckers |
imported>PresN →Taxonomy and systematics: shrink table maps to max height of 160px |
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| name = Sapsuckers | | name = Sapsuckers | ||
| image = Sphyrapicus ruber 2.jpg | | image = Sphyrapicus ruber 2.jpg | ||
| image_caption = Red-breasted sapsucker | | image_caption = [[Red-breasted sapsucker]] | ||
| taxon = Sphyrapicus | | taxon = Sphyrapicus | ||
| authority = [[Spencer Fullerton Baird|S.F. Baird]], 1858 | | authority = [[Spencer Fullerton Baird|S.F. Baird]], 1858 | ||
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{{Species table/row | {{Species table/row | ||
|name=Red-naped sapsucker |binomial=[[Sphyrapicus nuchalis]] | |name=Red-naped sapsucker |binomial=[[Sphyrapicus nuchalis]] | ||
|image=File:Red-naped Sapsucker (33214043974).jpg|image-size= | |image=File:Red-naped Sapsucker (33214043974).jpg|image-size=136px |image-alt=|image-caption=Male | ||
|image2 =File:Red-naped-sapsucker.jpg|image2-caption=Female | |image2 =File:Red-naped-sapsucker.jpg|image2-size=112px|image2-caption=Female | ||
|authority-name=Baird |authority-year=1858 |authority-not-original= | |authority-name=Baird |authority-year=1858 |authority-not-original= | ||
|range= the Rocky Mountains and Great Basin areas of North America | |range= the Rocky Mountains and Great Basin areas of North America | ||
|range-image=File:Sphyrapicus nuchalis map.svg | |range-image=File:Sphyrapicus nuchalis map.svg | ||
|range-image-size= | |range-image-size=138px | ||
|size= | |size= | ||
|habitat= | |habitat= | ||
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{{Species table/row | {{Species table/row | ||
|name=Red-breasted sapsucker |binomial=[[Sphyrapicus ruber]] | |name=Red-breasted sapsucker |binomial=[[Sphyrapicus ruber]] | ||
|image=File:Sphyrapicus ruber 2.jpg|image-size= | |image=File:Sphyrapicus ruber 2.jpg|image-size=108px |image-alt= | ||
|authority-name=Gmelin, JF |authority-year=1788 |authority-not-original=yes | |authority-name=Gmelin, JF |authority-year=1788 |authority-not-original=yes | ||
|range= southeast Alaska and British Columbia south through the Pacific Coast Ranges of western Washington and Oregon and northern California | |range= southeast Alaska and British Columbia south through the Pacific Coast Ranges of western Washington and Oregon and northern California | ||
|range-image=File:Sphyrapicus ruber map.svg | |range-image=File:Sphyrapicus ruber map.svg | ||
|range-image-size= | |range-image-size=138px | ||
|size= | |size= | ||
|habitat= | |habitat= | ||
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{{Species table/row | {{Species table/row | ||
|name= Williamson's sapsucker|binomial=[[Sphyrapicus thyroideus]] | |name= Williamson's sapsucker|binomial=[[Sphyrapicus thyroideus]] | ||
|image=File:Williamson's Sapsucker - Sisters - Oregon S4E1518 (19038668100).jpg|image-size= | |image=File:Williamson's Sapsucker - Sisters - Oregon S4E1518 (19038668100).jpg|image-size=93px |image-alt=|image-caption=Male | ||
|image2 =File:Williamson's Sapsucker Female (9070271016).jpg|image2-caption=Female | |image2 =File:Williamson's Sapsucker Female (9070271016).jpg |image2-size=120px|image2-caption=Female | ||
|authority-name=Cassin|authority-year= 1852 |authority-not-original=yes | |authority-name=Cassin|authority-year= 1852 |authority-not-original=yes | ||
|range= western North America from northern Mexico as far north as British Columbia | |range= western North America from northern Mexico as far north as British Columbia | ||
|range-image=File:Sphyrapicus thyroideus map.svg | |range-image=File:Sphyrapicus thyroideus map.svg | ||
|range-image-size= | |range-image-size=138px | ||
|size= | |size= | ||
|habitat= | |habitat= | ||
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{{Species table/row | {{Species table/row | ||
|name= Yellow-bellied sapsucker|binomial=[[Sphyrapicus varius]] | |name= Yellow-bellied sapsucker|binomial=[[Sphyrapicus varius]] | ||
|image=File:Yellow-bellied sapsucker in CP (40484).jpg|image-size= | |image=File:Yellow-bellied sapsucker in CP (40484).jpg|image-size=171px |image-alt=|image-caption=Male | ||
|image2 =File:Yellow-bellied sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius) female.JPG|image2-caption=Female | |image2 =File:Yellow-bellied sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius) female.JPG |image2-size=140px|image2-caption=Female | ||
|authority-name=Linnaeus |authority-year=1766 |authority-not-original=yes | |authority-name=Linnaeus |authority-year=1766 |authority-not-original=yes | ||
|range= Canada, eastern Alaska and the northeastern United States | |range= Canada, eastern Alaska and the northeastern United States | ||
|range-image=File:Sphyrapicus varius map.svg | |range-image=File:Sphyrapicus varius map.svg | ||
|range-image-size= | |range-image-size=138px | ||
|size= | |size= | ||
|habitat= | |habitat= | ||
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{{Species table/end}} | {{Species table/end}} | ||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
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Because sapsuckers attack living trees, they are often considered a pest species.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Tate, J. |year=1973 |title=Methods and annual sequence of foraging by the sapsucker |journal=Auk |volume=90 |issue=4 |pages=840–856 |doi=10.2307/4084364 |jstor=4084364 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Intensive feeding by sapsuckers is a cause of severe tree damage and mortality, with certain tree species more adversely affected by feeding than others. A USDA Forest Service study found that 67 percent of gray birch (''[[Betula populifolia]]'') trees damaged by yellow-bellied sapsuckers later died of their injuries.<ref name="USDA">{{cite thesis |url=http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/newtown_square/publications/research_papers/pdfs/scanned/OCR/ne_rp136.pdf |date=1969 |last=Rushmore |first=Francis |title=Sapsucker: Damage Varies with Tree Species and Seasons |volume=Forest Service Research Paper NE-136 |publisher=USDA |location=Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Upper Darby, PA}}</ref> This compares to a mortality of 51 percent for paper birch (''[[Betula papyrifera]]''), 40 percent for red maple (''[[Acer rubrum]]''), 3 percent for red spruce (''[[Picea rubens]]''), and 1 percent for hemlock (''[[Tsuga canadensis]]'').<ref name="USDA"/> | Because sapsuckers attack living trees, they are often considered a pest species.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Tate, J. |year=1973 |title=Methods and annual sequence of foraging by the sapsucker |journal=Auk |volume=90 |issue=4 |pages=840–856 |doi=10.2307/4084364 |jstor=4084364 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Intensive feeding by sapsuckers is a cause of severe tree damage and mortality, with certain tree species more adversely affected by feeding than others. A USDA Forest Service study found that 67 percent of gray birch (''[[Betula populifolia]]'') trees damaged by yellow-bellied sapsuckers later died of their injuries.<ref name="USDA">{{cite thesis |url=http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/newtown_square/publications/research_papers/pdfs/scanned/OCR/ne_rp136.pdf |date=1969 |last=Rushmore |first=Francis |title=Sapsucker: Damage Varies with Tree Species and Seasons |volume=Forest Service Research Paper NE-136 |publisher=USDA |location=Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Upper Darby, PA}}</ref> This compares to a mortality of 51 percent for paper birch (''[[Betula papyrifera]]''), 40 percent for red maple (''[[Acer rubrum]]''), 3 percent for red spruce (''[[Picea rubens]]''), and 1 percent for hemlock (''[[Tsuga canadensis]]'').<ref name="USDA"/> | ||
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== References == | == References == | ||
Latest revision as of 21:25, 7 November 2025
Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox
The sapsuckers are species of North American woodpeckers in the genus Sphyrapicus.
Taxonomy and systematics
The genus Sphyrapicus was introduced in 1858 by the American naturalist Spencer Baird with the yellow-bellied sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius) as the type species.[1] The genus name combines the Ancient Greek sphura meaning "hammer" and pikos meaning "woodpecker".[2] The genus is sister to the genus Melanerpes; both genera are members of the tribe Melanerpini in the woodpecker subfamily Picinae.[3]
There are four currently recognized species in the genus:[4] Template:Species table
Description
The members of this genus are slender birds with stiff tails and relatively long wings. Their typical pattern in flight is undulating, alternating between quick bursts of wing beats and short dips with wings tucked against the body.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Behavior
As their name implies, sapsuckers feed primarily on the sap of trees, moving among different tree and shrub species on a seasonal basis. Insects, especially those attracted to the sweet sap exuding from sap holes, are often captured and fed to the young during the breeding season. The most easily recognized sap holes are found in birch trees during the breeding season.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Because sapsuckers attack living trees, they are often considered a pest species.[5] Intensive feeding by sapsuckers is a cause of severe tree damage and mortality, with certain tree species more adversely affected by feeding than others. A USDA Forest Service study found that 67 percent of gray birch (Betula populifolia) trees damaged by yellow-bellied sapsuckers later died of their injuries.[6] This compares to a mortality of 51 percent for paper birch (Betula papyrifera), 40 percent for red maple (Acer rubrum), 3 percent for red spruce (Picea rubens), and 1 percent for hemlock (Tsuga canadensis).[6]
References
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