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[[File:Battle of Klokotnitsa.png|upright=1.35|thumb|Map of the [[Battle of Klokotnitsa]] (1230)]] | [[File:Battle of Klokotnitsa.png|upright=1.35|thumb|Map of the [[Battle of Klokotnitsa]] (1230)]] | ||
Year '''1230''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCCXXX]]''') was a [[common year starting on Tuesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]]. | Year '''1230''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCCXXX]]''') was a [[common year starting on Tuesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].] | ||
== Events == | == Events == | ||
<onlyinclude> | <onlyinclude> | ||
=== By place === | === By place === | ||
==== Byzantine Empire ==== | ==== Byzantine Empire ==== | ||
* [[March 9]] – [[Battle of Klokotnitsa]]: Byzantine forces under [[Theodore Komnenos Doukas | * [[March 9]] – [[Battle of Klokotnitsa]]: Byzantine forces under [[Theodore Komnenos Doukas]] invade [[Second Bulgarian Empire|Bulgaria]], breaking the peace treaty with Tsar [[Ivan Asen II]]. Theodore gathers a large army, including western mercenaries. The two armies meet near the village of [[Klokotnitsa, Haskovo Province|Klokotnitsa]]. Ivan applies clever tactics and manages to surround the Byzantines. They are completely defeated; only a small force under Theodore's brother [[Manuel Doukas]] manages to escape the battlefield. Theodore is taken prisoner and is blinded. In the aftermath, Ivan quickly extends its control over most of Theodore's domains in [[Thrace]], [[Macedonia (region)|Macedonia]] and [[Albania]]. The Latin [[Duchy of Philippopolis]] and the independent principality of [[Alexius Slav]] are also captured and annexed into Bulgaria.<ref>{{The Late Medieval Balkans | page=125}}</ref> | ||
==== Europe ==== | ==== Europe ==== | ||
* King [[Alfonso IX of León | * King [[Alfonso IX of León]] defeats Ibn Hud al-Yamani (known as Almogàver by the Christians). This success opens the road to [[Badajoz]] to the Leonese troops.<ref name=linehan1999a>{{New Cambridge Medieval History | volume=5|pages=668–673|author=[[Peter Linehan]]|chapter=Chapter 21: Castile, Portugal and Navarre}}</ref> The Portuguese king [[Sancho II of Portugal|Sancho II]] continues his offensive southward and takes [[Beja, Portugal|Beja]], [[Juromenha]], [[Serpa]] and [[Moura Municipality|Moura]].<ref name=picard2000>{{cite book|last=Picard|first=Christophe|title=Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique|year=2000|publisher=Maisonneuve & Larose|location=Paris|isbn=2-7068-1398-9|page=110}}</ref> | ||
* August – [[Treaty of Ceprano (1230)|Treaty of Ceprano]]: Emperor [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] returns from the [[Sixth Crusade]] and signs a peace agreement with Pope [[Pope Gregory IX|Gregory IX]] at [[Ceprano]]. He agrees not to violate any territories held by the [[Papal States]] in return for Frederick's concessions in [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]].<ref>Hywel Williams (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 138. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref> | * August – [[Treaty of Ceprano (1230)|Treaty of Ceprano]]: Emperor [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] returns from the [[Sixth Crusade]] and signs a peace agreement with Pope [[Pope Gregory IX|Gregory IX]] at [[Ceprano]]. He agrees not to violate any territories held by the [[Papal States]] in return for Frederick's concessions in [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]].<ref>Hywel Williams (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 138. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref> | ||
* Frederick II bestows on the [[Teutonic Order]] a special privilege for the conquest of [[Prussia]], including [[Chełmno Land]], with papal sovereignty. He allows the Teutonic Knights to forcibly convert the [[Old Prussians|Prussians]] to [[Christianity]]. | * Frederick II bestows on the [[Teutonic Order]] a special privilege for the conquest of [[Prussia]], including [[Chełmno Land]], with papal sovereignty. He allows the Teutonic Knights to forcibly convert the [[Old Prussians|Prussians]] to [[Christianity]]. | ||
| Line 22: | Line 21: | ||
==== England ==== | ==== England ==== | ||
* [[April 30]] – [[English invasion of France (1230)|English invasion of France]]: King [[Henry III of England|Henry III]] embarks from [[Portsmouth]] with a large expeditionary force. On [[May 2]], he arrives at [[Guernsey]], and the next day the English army lands at [[Saint-Malo]], where [[Peter I, Duke of Brittany|Peter I]] ( | * [[April 30]] – [[English invasion of France (1230)|English invasion of France]]: King [[Henry III of England|Henry III]] embarks from [[Portsmouth]] with a large expeditionary force. On [[May 2]], he arrives at [[Guernsey]], and the next day the English army lands at [[Saint-Malo]], where [[Peter I, Duke of Brittany|Peter I]] (de Dreux), duke of [[Duchy of Brittany|Brittany]], meets Henry to pay him homage. The English forces march through the [[County of Anjou]], taking the castle of [[Mirebeau]] in late July.<ref>Carpenter, David (2004). ''The Struggle for Mastery: The Penguin History of Britain 1066–1284'', p. 130. London, UK: Penguin. {{ISBN|978-0-14-014824-4}}.</ref> | ||
* [[October 27]] – Henry III signs a truce with King [[Louis IX of France | * [[October 27]] – Henry III signs a truce with King [[Louis IX of France]] ("the Saint") and returns to Portsmouth. He leaves a small force under Peter I and [[Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester|Ranulf de Blondeville]], to act against the French in Brittany and [[Duchy of Normandy|Normandy]]. | ||
==== Middle East ==== | ==== Middle East ==== | ||
* [[Battle of Yassıçemen]]: A Seljuk-Ayyubid coalition (some 40,000 men) defeats the Khwarazmians under Sultan [[Jalal al-Din Mangburni]] at [[Erzincan]] on the Upper | * [[Battle of Yassıçemen]]: A Seljuk-Ayyubid coalition (some 40,000 men) defeats the Khwarazmians under Sultan [[Jalal al-Din Mangburni]] at [[Erzincan]] on the Upper [[Euphrates]]. | ||
=== By topic === | === By topic === | ||
==== Literature ==== | ==== Literature ==== | ||
* The ''[[Carmina Burana]]'' poetry and song collection is created (approximate date).<ref>''Carmina Burana. Die Lieder der Benediktbeurer Handschrift. Zweisprachige Ausgabe,'' hg. u. übers. v. Carl Fischer und Hugo Kuhn, dtv, München 1991; wenn man dagegen z. B. CB 211 und 211a jeweils als zwei Lieder zählt, kommt man auf insgesamt 315 Texte in der Sammlung, so auch Dieter Schaller, ''Carmina Burana'', in: [[Lexikon des Mittelalters]], Bd. 2, Artemis Verlag, München und Zürich 1983, Sp. 1513</ref> | * The ''[[Carmina Burana]]'' poetry and song collection is created (approximate date).<ref>''Carmina Burana. Die Lieder der Benediktbeurer Handschrift. Zweisprachige Ausgabe,'' hg. u. übers. v. Carl Fischer und Hugo Kuhn, dtv, München 1991; wenn man dagegen z. B. CB 211 und 211a jeweils als zwei Lieder zählt, kommt man auf insgesamt 315 Texte in der Sammlung, so auch Dieter Schaller, ''Carmina Burana'', in: [[Lexikon des Mittelalters]], Bd. 2, Artemis Verlag, München und Zürich 1983, Sp. 1513</ref></onlyinclude> | ||
</onlyinclude> | |||
== Births == | == Births == | ||
* March – [[Henry of Castile the Senator]], Spanish prince (d. 1303) | |||
* [[Anna of Hohenstaufen]], empress of [[Empire of Nicaea|Nicaea]] (d. [[1307]]) | * [[Anna of Hohenstaufen]], empress of [[Empire of Nicaea|Nicaea]] (d. [[1307]]) | ||
* [[Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], German queen consort (d. [[1266]]) | |||
* [[Gottfried Hagen]], German cleric and writer (d. [[1299]]) | |||
* [[Hermann of Buxhoeveden, Bishop of Ösel-Wiek]], German churchman (d. [[1285]]) | |||
* [[Hugh Aycelin]], French cardinal and theologian (d. [[1297]]) | |||
* [[Hu Sanxing]] (or Shenzhi), Chinese historian (d. [[1302]]) | |||
* [[Leonardo Patrasso]], Italian cardinal-bishop (d. [[1311]]) | |||
* [[Masuccio Primo]], Italian architect and sculptor (d. [[1306]]) | |||
* [[Maud de Lacy, Baroness Geneville]], Norman-Irish noblewoman (d. [[1304]]) | |||
* [[Odo, Count of Nevers]] (or Eudes), French nobleman and knight (d. 1266) | |||
* [[Squarcino Borri]], Italian mercenary leader (d. [[1277]]) | |||
* [[Yaroslav of Tver|Yaroslav III of Tver]], Kievan Grand Prince (d. [[1271]]) | |||
''Approximate date'' | |||
* [[Adelaide of Holland]], Dutch countess and [[regent]] (d. [[1284]]) | * [[Adelaide of Holland]], Dutch countess and [[regent]] (d. [[1284]]) | ||
* [[Bentivenga | * [[Bentivenga dei Bentivenghi]], Italian cardinal (d. [[1289]]) | ||
* [[Pope Boniface VIII|Boniface VIII]], pope of the [[Catholic Church]] (d. [[1303]]) | * [[Pope Boniface VIII|Boniface VIII]], pope of the [[Catholic Church]] (d. [[1303]]) | ||
* [[Edmund de Lacy, Baron of Pontefract|Edmund de Lacy]], English [[Nobility|nobleman]] and knight (d. [[1258]]) | * [[Edmund de Lacy, Baron of Pontefract|Edmund de Lacy]], English [[Nobility|nobleman]] and knight (d. [[1258]]) | ||
* [[Guillaume de Beaujeu]], French Grand Master (d. [[1291]]) | * [[Guillaume de Beaujeu]], French Grand Master (d. [[1291]]) | ||
* [[Guillaume Durand]], French bishop and writer (d. [[1296]]) | * [[Guillaume Durand]], French bishop and writer (d. [[1296]]) | ||
* [[Jacobus de Voragine]], Italian archbishop (d. [[1298]]) | * [[Jacobus de Voragine]], Italian archbishop (d. [[1298]]) | ||
* [[Margaret Sambiria]], Danish queen consort (d. [[1282]]) | |||
* [[Margaret Sambiria]], Danish queen consort (d. [[1282]] | |||
* [[Peter Quinel]], English archdeacon and bishop (d. 1291) | * [[Peter Quinel]], English archdeacon and bishop (d. 1291) | ||
== Deaths == | == Deaths == | ||
| Line 63: | Line 62: | ||
* [[May 2]] – [[William de Braose (died 1230)|William de Braose]], English nobleman and knight | * [[May 2]] – [[William de Braose (died 1230)|William de Braose]], English nobleman and knight | ||
* [[May 13]] – [[Casimir I of Opole]], Polish nobleman and knight | * [[May 13]] – [[Casimir I of Opole]], Polish nobleman and knight | ||
* [[July 12]] – [[Margaret, Countess | * [[July 12]] – [[Margaret, Countess of Blois]], French noblewoman (b. [[1170]]) | ||
* [[July 19]] –[[Theobald le Botiller, 2nd Chief Butler of Ireland | * [[July 19]] –[[Theobald le Botiller, 2nd Chief Butler of Ireland]], Norman nobleman (b. [[1200]]) | ||
* [[July 25]] – [[Rudolph van Coevorden]], Dutch nobleman (b. [[1192]]) | * [[July 25]] – [[Rudolph van Coevorden]], Dutch nobleman (b. [[1192]]) | ||
* [[July 28]] – [[Leopold VI, Duke of Austria | * [[July 28]] – [[Leopold VI, Duke of Austria]], German nobleman and knight (b. [[1176]]) | ||
* [[July 29]] – [[Hōjō Tokiuji]], Japanese nobleman and spy (b. [[1203]]) | * [[July 29]] – [[Hōjō Tokiuji]], Japanese nobleman and spy (b. [[1203]]) | ||
* [[August 24]] – [[Geoffrey de Saye]], English nobleman (b. [[1155]]) | * [[August 24]] – [[Geoffrey de Saye]], English nobleman (b. [[1155]]) | ||
* [[September 9]] – [[Siegfried II (archbishop of Mainz)|Siegfried II]], archbishop of [[Electorate of Mainz|Mainz]] (b. 1165) | * [[September 9]] – [[Siegfried II (archbishop of Mainz)|Siegfried II]], archbishop of [[Electorate of Mainz|Mainz]] (b. 1165) | ||
* [[September 24]] – [[Alfonso IX of León|Alfonso IX]], king of [[Kingdom of León|León]] and [[Kingdom of Galicia|Galicia]] (b. [[1171]]) | * [[September 24]] – [[Alfonso IX of León|Alfonso IX]], king of [[Kingdom of León|León]] and [[Kingdom of Galicia|Galicia]] (b. [[1171]]) | ||
* [[October 25]] – [[Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Gloucester | * [[October 25]] – [[Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Gloucester]], English nobleman (b. [[1180]]) | ||
* [[November 20]] – [[Nicola de la Haye]], English noblewoman | * [[November 20]] – [[Nicola de la Haye]], English noblewoman | ||
* [[November 24]] – [[Matthew II of Montmorency | * [[November 24]] – [[Matthew II of Montmorency]], French nobleman and knight | ||
* [[December 15]] – [[Ottokar I of Bohemia]], German nobleman | * [[December 15]] – [[Ottokar I of Bohemia]], German nobleman | ||
* [[December 23]] – [[Berengaria of Navarre]], queen of [[Kingdom of England|England]] | * [[December 23]] – [[Berengaria of Navarre]], queen consort of [[Kingdom of England|England]] | ||
* [[Al-Dakhwar]], Ayyubid physician and medical officer (b. 1170) | * [[Al-Dakhwar]], Ayyubid physician and medical officer (b. 1170) | ||
* [[Alfonso Téllez de Meneses el Viejo|Alfonso Téllez de Meneses | * [[Alfonso Téllez de Meneses el Viejo|Alfonso Téllez de Meneses ''el Viejo'']], Spanish nobleman (b. c.1161) | ||
* [[Beatrice of Viennois]], French noblewoman (b. [[1160]]) | * [[Beatrice of Viennois]], French noblewoman (b. [[1160]]) | ||
* [[Demetrius of Montferrat]], king of [[Kingdom of Thessalonica|Thessalonica]] (b. [[1205]]) | * [[Demetrius of Montferrat]], king of [[Kingdom of Thessalonica|Thessalonica]] (b. [[1205]]) | ||
* [[Hugues IV de Châteauneuf]], French nobleman (b. [[1185]]) | * [[Hugues IV de Châteauneuf]], French nobleman (b. [[1185]]) | ||
* [[Ibn Hammad (historian)|Ibn Hammad]], Hammadid historian and writer (b. [[1153]]) | * [[Ibn Hammad (historian)|Ibn Hammad]], Hammadid historian and writer (b. [[1153]]) | ||
* [[Robert de Gresle]], English landowner and knight (b. [[1174]]) | * [[Robert de Gresle]], English landowner and knight (b. [[1174]]) | ||
''Approximate date'' | |||
* [[Samuel ibn Tibbon]], French [[rabbi]], doctor and philosopher | * [[Samuel ibn Tibbon]], French [[rabbi]], doctor and philosopher | ||
* [[Urraca López de Haro]], queen of León | * [[Urraca López de Haro]], queen consort of León | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
Latest revision as of 22:10, 5 October 2025
Template:Use mdy dates Template:About year Template:Year nav Template:C13 year in topic
Year 1230 (MCCXXX) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.]
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
- March 9 – Battle of Klokotnitsa: Byzantine forces under Theodore Komnenos Doukas invade Bulgaria, breaking the peace treaty with Tsar Ivan Asen II. Theodore gathers a large army, including western mercenaries. The two armies meet near the village of Klokotnitsa. Ivan applies clever tactics and manages to surround the Byzantines. They are completely defeated; only a small force under Theodore's brother Manuel Doukas manages to escape the battlefield. Theodore is taken prisoner and is blinded. In the aftermath, Ivan quickly extends its control over most of Theodore's domains in Thrace, Macedonia and Albania. The Latin Duchy of Philippopolis and the independent principality of Alexius Slav are also captured and annexed into Bulgaria.[1]
Europe
- King Alfonso IX of León defeats Ibn Hud al-Yamani (known as Almogàver by the Christians). This success opens the road to Badajoz to the Leonese troops.[2] The Portuguese king Sancho II continues his offensive southward and takes Beja, Juromenha, Serpa and Moura.[3]
- August – Treaty of Ceprano: Emperor Frederick II returns from the Sixth Crusade and signs a peace agreement with Pope Gregory IX at Ceprano. He agrees not to violate any territories held by the Papal States in return for Frederick's concessions in Sicily.[4]
- Frederick II bestows on the Teutonic Order a special privilege for the conquest of Prussia, including Chełmno Land, with papal sovereignty. He allows the Teutonic Knights to forcibly convert the Prussians to Christianity.
- September 24 – Alfonso IX dies after a 42-year reign and is succeeded by his son Ferdinand III. He receives the Kingdom of León, in return for compensation in cash and lands for his half-sisters Sancha and Dulce.
- Siege of Galway: Norman forces under Richard Mór de Burgh invade Connacht and desolate a large portion of the country. He besieges Galway, but is forced to retreat after a week-long inconclusive battle.
England
- April 30 – English invasion of France: King Henry III embarks from Portsmouth with a large expeditionary force. On May 2, he arrives at Guernsey, and the next day the English army lands at Saint-Malo, where Peter I (de Dreux), duke of Brittany, meets Henry to pay him homage. The English forces march through the County of Anjou, taking the castle of Mirebeau in late July.[5]
- October 27 – Henry III signs a truce with King Louis IX of France ("the Saint") and returns to Portsmouth. He leaves a small force under Peter I and Ranulf de Blondeville, to act against the French in Brittany and Normandy.
Middle East
- Battle of Yassıçemen: A Seljuk-Ayyubid coalition (some 40,000 men) defeats the Khwarazmians under Sultan Jalal al-Din Mangburni at Erzincan on the Upper Euphrates.
By topic
Literature
- The Carmina Burana poetry and song collection is created (approximate date).[6]
Births
- March – Henry of Castile the Senator, Spanish prince (d. 1303)
- Anna of Hohenstaufen, empress of Nicaea (d. 1307)
- Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg, German queen consort (d. 1266)
- Gottfried Hagen, German cleric and writer (d. 1299)
- Hermann of Buxhoeveden, Bishop of Ösel-Wiek, German churchman (d. 1285)
- Hugh Aycelin, French cardinal and theologian (d. 1297)
- Hu Sanxing (or Shenzhi), Chinese historian (d. 1302)
- Leonardo Patrasso, Italian cardinal-bishop (d. 1311)
- Masuccio Primo, Italian architect and sculptor (d. 1306)
- Maud de Lacy, Baroness Geneville, Norman-Irish noblewoman (d. 1304)
- Odo, Count of Nevers (or Eudes), French nobleman and knight (d. 1266)
- Squarcino Borri, Italian mercenary leader (d. 1277)
- Yaroslav III of Tver, Kievan Grand Prince (d. 1271)
Approximate date
- Adelaide of Holland, Dutch countess and regent (d. 1284)
- Bentivenga dei Bentivenghi, Italian cardinal (d. 1289)
- Boniface VIII, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1303)
- Edmund de Lacy, English nobleman and knight (d. 1258)
- Guillaume de Beaujeu, French Grand Master (d. 1291)
- Guillaume Durand, French bishop and writer (d. 1296)
- Jacobus de Voragine, Italian archbishop (d. 1298)
- Margaret Sambiria, Danish queen consort (d. 1282)
- Peter Quinel, English archdeacon and bishop (d. 1291)
Deaths
- January 30 – Pelagio Galvani, Leonese cardinal (b. 1165)
- February 1 – Matsudono Motofusa, Japanese nobleman
- May 2 – William de Braose, English nobleman and knight
- May 13 – Casimir I of Opole, Polish nobleman and knight
- July 12 – Margaret, Countess of Blois, French noblewoman (b. 1170)
- July 19 –Theobald le Botiller, 2nd Chief Butler of Ireland, Norman nobleman (b. 1200)
- July 25 – Rudolph van Coevorden, Dutch nobleman (b. 1192)
- July 28 – Leopold VI, Duke of Austria, German nobleman and knight (b. 1176)
- July 29 – Hōjō Tokiuji, Japanese nobleman and spy (b. 1203)
- August 24 – Geoffrey de Saye, English nobleman (b. 1155)
- September 9 – Siegfried II, archbishop of Mainz (b. 1165)
- September 24 – Alfonso IX, king of León and Galicia (b. 1171)
- October 25 – Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Gloucester, English nobleman (b. 1180)
- November 20 – Nicola de la Haye, English noblewoman
- November 24 – Matthew II of Montmorency, French nobleman and knight
- December 15 – Ottokar I of Bohemia, German nobleman
- December 23 – Berengaria of Navarre, queen consort of England
- Al-Dakhwar, Ayyubid physician and medical officer (b. 1170)
- Alfonso Téllez de Meneses el Viejo, Spanish nobleman (b. c.1161)
- Beatrice of Viennois, French noblewoman (b. 1160)
- Demetrius of Montferrat, king of Thessalonica (b. 1205)
- Hugues IV de Châteauneuf, French nobleman (b. 1185)
- Ibn Hammad, Hammadid historian and writer (b. 1153)
- Robert de Gresle, English landowner and knight (b. 1174)
Approximate date
- Samuel ibn Tibbon, French rabbi, doctor and philosopher
- Urraca López de Haro, queen consort of León
References
- ↑ Template:The Late Medieval Balkans
- ↑ Template:New Cambridge Medieval History
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Hywel Williams (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 138. Template:ISBN.
- ↑ Carpenter, David (2004). The Struggle for Mastery: The Penguin History of Britain 1066–1284, p. 130. London, UK: Penguin. Template:ISBN.
- ↑ Carmina Burana. Die Lieder der Benediktbeurer Handschrift. Zweisprachige Ausgabe, hg. u. übers. v. Carl Fischer und Hugo Kuhn, dtv, München 1991; wenn man dagegen z. B. CB 211 und 211a jeweils als zwei Lieder zählt, kommt man auf insgesamt 315 Texte in der Sammlung, so auch Dieter Schaller, Carmina Burana, in: Lexikon des Mittelalters, Bd. 2, Artemis Verlag, München und Zürich 1983, Sp. 1513