1314: Difference between revisions

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{{Year article header|1314}}
{{Year article header|1314}}
[[File:MK18541 Bannockburn Robert the Bruce.jpg|upright=1.00|thumb|Statue of [[Robert the Bruce]], Scottish victor over England at the [[Battle of Bannockburn]]]]
[[File:MK18541 Bannockburn Robert the Bruce.jpg|upright=1.00|thumb|Statue of [[Robert the Bruce]], Scottish victor over England at the [[Battle of Bannockburn]]]]
[[File:Mapbannockburn1.svg|upright=1.00|thumb|Battle of Bannockburn — first day]]
[[File:Battle of Bannockburn - 1st day of battle map (multilingual).svg|upright=1.00|thumb|Battle of Bannockburn — first day]]
[[File:Mapbannockburn1.2.svg|upright=1.35|thumb|Battle of Bannockburn — second day]]
[[File:Battle of Bannockburn - 2nd day of battle map (multilingual).svg|upright=1.35|thumb|Battle of Bannockburn — second day]]


== Events ==
== Events ==
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* [[January 21]] (3 Shawwal 713 AH) &ndash; [[Muhammad III of Granada]], Sultan from 1302 to 1309, is murdered by being drowned in the pool of the Dar al-Kubra on orders of his brother, Sultan [[Nasr of Granada|Nas]]r.<ref>[https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/6552/muhammad-iii "Muhammad III"], by Francisco Vidal Castro, in ''Diccionario Biográfico electrónico'' (Real Academia de la Historia (ed.)</ref>
* [[January 21]] (3 Shawwal 713 AH) &ndash; [[Muhammad III of Granada]], Sultan from 1302 to 1309, is murdered by being drowned in the pool of the Dar al-Kubra on orders of his brother, Sultan [[Nasr of Granada|Nas]]r.<ref>[https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/6552/muhammad-iii "Muhammad III"], by Francisco Vidal Castro, in ''Diccionario Biográfico electrónico'' (Real Academia de la Historia (ed.)</ref>
* [[February 8]] (21 Shawwal 713 AH) &ndash; Sultan [[Nasr of Granada]] is forced to abdicate after 18 days as the ruler of the [[Emirate of Granada]] (in modern-day [[Spain]]) by his nephew, [[Ismail I of Granada|Abu'l-Walid Ismail I ibn Faraj]], who is proclaimed at the [[Alhambra]] as the new Sultan.  
* [[February 8]] (21 Shawwal 713 AH) &ndash; Sultan [[Nasr of Granada]] is forced to abdicate after 18 days as the ruler of the [[Emirate of Granada]] (in modern-day [[Spain]]) by his nephew, [[Ismail I of Granada|Abu'l-Walid Ismail I ibn Faraj]], who is proclaimed at the [[Alhambra]] as the new Sultan.  
* [[March 18]] &ndash; [[Jacques de Molay]], Grand Master of the [[Knights Templar]] and [[Geoffroi de Charney]], are, by orders of King [[Philip IV of France]] ("Philip the Fair"), [[Death by burning|burned at the stake]] in front of the cathedral of [[Notre-Dame de Paris]] on the [[Île de la Cité]] in the [[Seine]]. Jacques declares his innocence and that the Templar Order is also innocent of all the charges of [[heresy]]. It is said that Jacques correctly predicts the deaths of both Philip and [[Pope Clement V]] within the year.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Elizabeth A. R. Brown |year=2015 |title=Philip the Fair, Clement V, and the end of the Knights Templar: The execution of Jacques de Molay and Geoffroi de Charny in March |journal=Viator |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=229–292. |doi=10.1484/J.VIATOR.5.109474}}</ref>  
* [[March 18]] &ndash; [[Jacques de Molay]], Grand Master of the [[Knights Templar]] and [[Geoffroi de Charney]], are, by orders of King [[Philip IV of France]] ("Philip the Fair"), [[Death by burning|burned at the stake]] in front of the cathedral of [[Notre-Dame de Paris]] on the [[Île de la Cité]] in the [[Seine]]. Jacques declares his innocence and that the Templar Order is also innocent of all the charges of [[heresy]]. It is said that Jacques correctly predicts the deaths of both Philip and [[Pope Clement V]] within the year.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Elizabeth A. R. Brown |year=2015 |title=Philip the Fair, Clement V, and the end of the Knights Templar: The execution of Jacques de Molay and Geoffroi de Charny in March |journal=Viator |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=229–292 |doi=10.1484/J.VIATOR.5.109474}}</ref>  
* [[March]] &ndash; [[Tour de Nesle Affair]]: After confirmation that two of his sons' wives are engaged in [[adultery]], King Philip IV of France orders the arrest of his daughters-in-law, [[Margaret of Burgundy, Queen of France|Margaret of Burgundy]] (the wife of [[Louis X of France|Prince Louis X]]), [[Blanche of Burgundy]] (wife of [[Charles IV of France|Prince Charles of Valois]]), and [[Joan II, Countess of Burgundy]] (wife of [[Philip V of France|Prince Philip V]]). The arrests come after the accusations of King Philip's daughter, [[Isabella of France|Isabella, Queen consort of England]], and surveillance of the Tower of Nesle.<ref>Alison Weir, ''Isabella: She-Wolf of France, Queen of England'' (Pimlico, 2006) p.92,99</ref> Joan II is charged with being an accessory for being aware of the crime and not reporting it, and put under house arrest until after King Philip's death later in the year. Blanche is imprisoned at the [[Château Gaillard]] until 1322. Margaret will die of illness in prison a year later, and five months after technically becoming Queen consort of France.<ref>Jacqueline Broad and Karen Green, ''Virtue, Liberty, and Toleration: Political Ideas of European Women, 1400–1800'' (Springer, 2007) p.8</ref> Two knights, [[Philip of Aunay]] and his older brother Walter of Aunay, are also arrested for adultery (with Margaret and Blanche respectively), imprisoned, tortured at the Place du Grand Martroy in [[Pontoise]] and brutally executed on [[April 19]].<ref>Gillmeister, Heiner (1998). ''Tennis: A Cultural History'', pp. 17–21. London: Leicester University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-7185-0147-1}}.</ref><ref>Didier Audinot, ''Histoires effrayantes'' (Editions Grancher, 2006)</ref>
* [[March]] &ndash; [[Tour de Nesle Affair]]: After confirmation that two of his sons' wives are engaged in [[adultery]], King Philip IV of France orders the arrest of his daughters-in-law, [[Margaret of Burgundy, Queen of France|Margaret of Burgundy]] (the wife of [[Louis X of France|Prince Louis X]]), [[Blanche of Burgundy]] (wife of [[Charles IV of France|Prince Charles of Valois]]), and [[Joan II, Countess of Burgundy]] (wife of [[Philip V of France|Prince Philip V]]). The arrests come after the accusations of King Philip's daughter, [[Isabella of France|Isabella, Queen consort of England]], and surveillance of the Tower of Nesle.<ref>Alison Weir, ''Isabella: She-Wolf of France, Queen of England'' (Pimlico, 2006) p.92,99</ref> Joan II is charged with being an accessory for being aware of the crime and not reporting it, and put under house arrest until after King Philip's death later in the year. Blanche is imprisoned at the [[Château Gaillard]] until 1322. Margaret will die of illness in prison a year later, and five months after technically becoming Queen consort of France.<ref>Jacqueline Broad and Karen Green, ''Virtue, Liberty, and Toleration: Political Ideas of European Women, 1400–1800'' (Springer, 2007) p.8</ref> Two knights, [[Philip of Aunay]] and his older brother Walter of Aunay, are also arrested for adultery (with Margaret and Blanche respectively), imprisoned, tortured at the Place du Grand Martroy in [[Pontoise]] and brutally executed on [[April 19]].<ref>Gillmeister, Heiner (1998). ''Tennis: A Cultural History'', pp. 17–21. London: Leicester University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-7185-0147-1}}.</ref><ref>Didier Audinot, ''Histoires effrayantes'' (Editions Grancher, 2006)</ref>


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* [[June 19]] &ndash; English forces march to the environs of [[Edinburgh]]; here Edward II waits for the wagon train of over 200 baggage and supply wagons – which straggle behind the long columns, to catch up. At the nearby port of [[Leith]], English supply ships land stores for the army – who will be well rested before the {{Convert | 35 | mi | adj = on}} march that will bring them to Stirling Castle, before the deadline of [[June 24]].<ref name="Arms1314" />
* [[June 19]] &ndash; English forces march to the environs of [[Edinburgh]]; here Edward II waits for the wagon train of over 200 baggage and supply wagons – which straggle behind the long columns, to catch up. At the nearby port of [[Leith]], English supply ships land stores for the army – who will be well rested before the {{Convert | 35 | mi | adj = on}} march that will bring them to Stirling Castle, before the deadline of [[June 24]].<ref name="Arms1314" />
* [[June 23]] &ndash; Battle of Bannockburn begins: English forces approach the Scottish positions at [[Torwood]], mounted troops under [[Gilbert de Clare, 8th Earl of Gloucester|Gilbert de Clare]] are confronted by Scottish forces and repulsed. During the fierce fighting, [[Henry de Bohun]] is killed in a duel by King [[Robert the Bruce]]. Edward II and forward elements, mainly cavalry, encamp at [[Bannockburn]] near Stirling in central Scotland. The baggage train and the majority of the forces arrive in the evening.<ref name="Arms1314" />
* [[June 23]] &ndash; Battle of Bannockburn begins: English forces approach the Scottish positions at [[Torwood]], mounted troops under [[Gilbert de Clare, 8th Earl of Gloucester|Gilbert de Clare]] are confronted by Scottish forces and repulsed. During the fierce fighting, [[Henry de Bohun]] is killed in a duel by King [[Robert the Bruce]]. Edward II and forward elements, mainly cavalry, encamp at [[Bannockburn]] near Stirling in central Scotland. The baggage train and the majority of the forces arrive in the evening.<ref name="Arms1314" />
* [[June 24]] &ndash; [[Battle of Bannockburn]] (First War of Scottish Independence): Scottish forces (some 8,000 men) led by [[Robert the Bruce]] defeat the English army at Bannockburn, securing ''de facto'' independence for Scotland.<ref>{{cite book|first=Michael|last=Brown|title=Bannockburn: the Scottish War and the British Isles, 1307-1323|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-7486-3332-6}}</ref> During the battle, the Scottish pikemen formed in [[schiltron]]s (or [[phalanx]]) repulses the English cavalry (some 2,000 men). Edward II flees with his bodyguard (some 500 men), while panic spreads among the remaining forces, turning their defeat into a rout.<ref name="Arms1314" /><ref>{{cite web |last1=Black |first1=Andrew |title=What was the Battle of Bannockburn about? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk=scotland-27900285 |website=BBC |access-date=21 March 2019 |date=24 June 2014}}</ref> Stirling Castle is surrendered to the Scots.
* [[June 24]] &ndash; [[Battle of Bannockburn]] (First War of Scottish Independence): Scottish forces (some 8,000 men) led by [[Robert the Bruce]] defeat the English army at Bannockburn, securing ''de facto'' independence for Scotland.<ref>{{cite book|first=Michael|last=Brown|title=Bannockburn: the Scottish War and the British Isles, 1307-1323|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-7486-3332-6}}</ref> During the battle, the Scottish pikemen formed in [[schiltron]]s (or [[phalanx]]) repulses the English cavalry (some 2,000 men). Edward II flees with his bodyguard (some 500 men), while panic spreads among the remaining forces, turning their defeat into a rout.<ref name="Arms1314" /><ref>{{cite web |last1=Black |first1=Andrew |title=What was the Battle of Bannockburn about? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk=scotland-27900285 |website=BBC |access-date=21 March 2019 |date=24 June 2014}}{{dead link|date=September 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Stirling Castle is surrendered to the Scots.
* [[June 25]] &ndash; Edward II arrives at [[Dunbar Castle]], and takes safely a ship to [[Bamburgh]] in [[Northumberland]]. His mounted escort takes the coastal route from [[Dunbar]] to Berwick.<ref name="Arms1314" />
* [[June 25]] &ndash; Edward II arrives at [[Dunbar Castle]], and takes safely a ship to [[Bamburgh]] in [[Northumberland]]. His mounted escort takes the coastal route from [[Dunbar]] to Berwick.<ref name="Arms1314" />


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=== Undated===
=== Undated===
* [[Stephen II, Ban of Bosnia|Stephen II]] becomes ruler (''[[Ban (title)|ban]]'') of [[Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Middle Ages|Bosnia]] following the death of his father [[Stephen I, Ban of Bosnia|Stephen I Kotromanić]]. He rules the lands from the river [[Sava]] to the [[Adriatic Sea]], but does not effectively come into full power until [[1322]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Gábor Ágoston |title=The Last Muslim Conquest: The Ottoman Empire and Its Wars in Europe |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2021 |ISBN=9780691159324 |page=543}}</ref>
* [[Stephen II, Ban of Bosnia|Stephen II]] becomes ruler (''[[Ban (title)|ban]]'') of [[Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Middle Ages|Bosnia]] following the death of his father [[Stephen I, Ban of Bosnia|Stephen I Kotromanić]]. He rules the lands from the river [[Sava]] to the [[Adriatic Sea]], but does not effectively come into full power until [[1322]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Gábor Ágoston |title=The Last Muslim Conquest: The Ottoman Empire and Its Wars in Europe |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2021 |isbn=9780691159324 |page=543}}</ref>
* [[Amda Seyon I]], known as "the Pillar of Zion" begins his reign as [[Emperor of Ethiopia]], during which he expands into Muslim territory to the southeast by incorporating a number of smaller states.<ref>{{cite book|author=Brian L. Fargher|title=The Origins of the New Churches Movement in Southern Ethiopia, 1927-1944|publisher=University of Aberdeen|year=1996|ISBN=9789004106611|page=11}}</ref>
* [[Amda Seyon I]], known as "the Pillar of Zion" begins his reign as [[Emperor of Ethiopia]], during which he expands into Muslim territory to the southeast by incorporating a number of smaller states.<ref>{{cite book|author=Brian L. Fargher|title=The Origins of the New Churches Movement in Southern Ethiopia, 1927-1944|publisher=University of Aberdeen|year=1996|isbn=9789004106611|page=11}}</ref>


=== By topic ===
=== By topic ===

Latest revision as of 19:09, 14 October 2025

Template:Year dab Template:Year nav Script error: No such module "Sidebar". Script error: No such module "Year in various calendars". Template:Year article header

File:MK18541 Bannockburn Robert the Bruce.jpg
Statue of Robert the Bruce, Scottish victor over England at the Battle of Bannockburn
File:Battle of Bannockburn - 1st day of battle map (multilingual).svg
Battle of Bannockburn — first day
File:Battle of Bannockburn - 2nd day of battle map (multilingual).svg
Battle of Bannockburn — second day

Events

January – March

April – June

July – September

October – December

Undated

By topic

Religion

Natural environment

Births

Deaths

References

Template:Reflist

  1. ↑ W. B. Fisher, The Cambridge History of Iran (Cambridge University Press, 1968) p.403
  2. ↑ "Muhammad III", by Francisco Vidal Castro, in Diccionario Biográfico electrónico (Real Academia de la Historia (ed.)
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Alison Weir, Isabella: She-Wolf of France, Queen of England (Pimlico, 2006) p.92,99
  5. ↑ Jacqueline Broad and Karen Green, Virtue, Liberty, and Toleration: Political Ideas of European Women, 1400–1800 (Springer, 2007) p.8
  6. ↑ Gillmeister, Heiner (1998). Tennis: A Cultural History, pp. 17–21. London: Leicester University Press. Template:ISBN.
  7. ↑ Didier Audinot, Histoires effrayantes (Editions Grancher, 2006)
  8. ↑ Menache, Sophia (2002). Clement V, p. 2. Cambridge University Press. Template:ISBN.
  9. ↑ William H. Brackney, Historical Dictionary of Radical Christianity (Scarecrow Press, 2012) p. 131
  10. ↑ a b c d e f Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore
  13. ↑ Helle, Knut (1964). Norge blir en stat, 1130–1319 (Universitetsforlaget). Template:ISBN.
  14. ↑ Barrow, Geoffrey W. S. (1988). Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland, p. 231. Edinburgh University Press.
  15. ↑ Gerhard Heitz and Henning Rischer, Geschichte in Daten: Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ("History in Data: Mecklenburg-West Pomerania") (Koehler & Amelang, 1995) p.177
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Mote, Frederick W. (1999). Imperial China, 900-1800, p. 550. Harvard University Press. Template:ISBN.
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