Fuling, Chongqing: Difference between revisions
imported>Cewbot m Convert Ba Commandery, Dangqu Commandery to wikilink (The bot operation is completed 20.5% in total) |
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| subdivision_name1 = [[Chongqing]] | | subdivision_name1 = [[Chongqing]] | ||
| area_total_km2 = 2941.46 | | area_total_km2 = 2941.46 | ||
| | | population_total = 1,115,016 | ||
| population_as_of = 2020 | | population_as_of = 2020 | ||
| population_density_km2 = auto | | population_density_km2 = auto | ||
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Following the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the area saw administrative reforms in early 1950.<ref name=":2" /> Fuling County was reorganized as {{Interlanguage link|Fuling Area|zh|涪陵专区}}, under the jurisdiction of {{Interlanguage link|Chuandong Area|zh|川东行政区}}.<ref name=":2" /> Fuling Area governed seven counties: Fuling, [[Nanchuan District|Nanchuan]], [[Fengdu County|Fengdu]], [[Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County|Shizhu]], [[Wulong District|Wulong]], [[Changshou District|Changshou]] and [[Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County|Pengshui]].<ref name=":2" /> In {{Citation needed span|text=September|date=May 2022}} 1952, {{Interlanguage link|Youyang Area|zh|酉阳专区}} was merged into Fuling Area, adding the counties of [[Dianjiang County|Dianjiang]], [[Qianjiang District|Qianjiang]], [[Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County|Youyang]], and [[Xiushan Tujia and Miao Autonomous County|Xiushan]].<ref name=":2" /> Changshou County was absorbed into [[Chongqing]], which then had a [[Prefecture-level division|prefecture-level status]] instead of its present [[Provincial level administrative divisions of China|provincial-level status]], in 1958.<ref name=":2" /> | Following the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the area saw administrative reforms in early 1950.<ref name=":2" /> Fuling County was reorganized as {{Interlanguage link|Fuling Area|zh|涪陵专区}}, under the jurisdiction of {{Interlanguage link|Chuandong Area|zh|川东行政区}}.<ref name=":2" /> Fuling Area governed seven counties: Fuling, [[Nanchuan District|Nanchuan]], [[Fengdu County|Fengdu]], [[Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County|Shizhu]], [[Wulong District|Wulong]], [[Changshou District|Changshou]] and [[Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County|Pengshui]].<ref name=":2" /> In {{Citation needed span|text=September|date=May 2022}} 1952, {{Interlanguage link|Youyang Area|zh|酉阳专区}} was merged into Fuling Area, adding the counties of [[Dianjiang County|Dianjiang]], [[Qianjiang District|Qianjiang]], [[Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County|Youyang]], and [[Xiushan Tujia and Miao Autonomous County|Xiushan]].<ref name=":2" /> Changshou County was absorbed into [[Chongqing]], which then had a [[Prefecture-level division|prefecture-level status]] instead of its present [[Provincial level administrative divisions of China|provincial-level status]], in 1958.<ref name=":2" /> | ||
Fuling Area was replaced by {{Interlanguage link|Fuling Prefecture|zh|涪陵地区}} in 1968.<ref name=":2" /> Fuling County became a [[county-level city]] in 1983.<ref name=":2" /> The prefecture became a [[Three Gorges]] provincial planning region ({{lang|zh-hans|三峡省筹备区域}}) the following year.{{Citation needed|date=May 2022}} In 1988, Qianjiang, Youyang, Xiushan, Pengshui, and Shizhu counties were transferred to the jurisdiction of the newly | Fuling Area was replaced by {{Interlanguage link|Fuling Prefecture|zh|涪陵地区}} in 1968.<ref name=":2" /> Fuling County became a [[county-level city]] in 1983.<ref name=":2" /> The prefecture became a [[Three Gorges]] provincial planning region ({{lang|zh-hans|三峡省筹备区域}}) the following year.{{Citation needed|date=May 2022}} In 1988, Qianjiang, Youyang, Xiushan, Pengshui, and Shizhu counties were transferred to the jurisdiction of the newly organized {{Interlanguage link|Qianjiang Prefecture|zh|黔江地区}}.<ref name=":2" /> Nanchuan County was re-designated as a county-level city in 1994.<ref name=":2" /> On November 5, 1995, the [[State Council of the People's Republic of China|State Council]] passed legislation to abolish the county-level city of Fuling and replace it with two [[District (China)|districts]]: Zhicheng District ({{Lang-zh|c=枳城区}}) and Lidu District ({{Lang-zh|c=李渡区}}).<ref name=":2" /> This change would come into effect in January 1996.<ref name=":2" /> In March 1996, Fuling Prefecture was re-designated as a [[prefecture-level city]], which governed Zhicheng District, Lidu District, Nanchuan City, Dianjiang County, Fengdu County and Wulong County.<ref name=":2" /> | ||
On September 15, 1996, legislature passed by the State Council placed the prefecture-level city of Fuling under the administration of Chongqing.<ref name=":2" /> On March 14, 1997, the [[National People's Congress]] changed Chongqing to become a [[Direct-administered municipalities of China|direct-administered municipality]].<ref name=":2" /> This was followed by legislation by the State Council on December 20, 1997 which abolished Fuling's prefecture-level status, revoking Zhicheng District and Lidu District, and placing Nanchuan City, Wulong County, Fengdu County, and Dianjiang County all under the direct jurisdiction of Chongqing.<ref name=":2" /> The now-defunct Zhicheng District and Lidu District became contemporary Fuling District. | On September 15, 1996, legislature passed by the State Council placed the prefecture-level city of Fuling under the administration of Chongqing.<ref name=":2" /> On March 14, 1997, the [[National People's Congress]] changed Chongqing to become a [[Direct-administered municipalities of China|direct-administered municipality]].<ref name=":2" /> This was followed by legislation by the State Council on December 20, 1997 which abolished Fuling's prefecture-level status, revoking Zhicheng District and Lidu District, and placing Nanchuan City, Wulong County, Fengdu County, and Dianjiang County all under the direct jurisdiction of Chongqing.<ref name=":2" /> The now-defunct Zhicheng District and Lidu District became contemporary Fuling District. | ||
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Fuling District has a [[monsoon]]-influenced [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cwa''), with four distinct seasons and ample rainfall: winters are short, mild, and comparatively dry, while summers are long, hot, and humid. Monthly daily average temperatures range from {{convert|7.5|°C|1}} in January to {{convert|28.4|°C|1}} in July, while the annual mean is {{convert|18.2|°C|1}}. The [[diurnal temperature variation]] is {{convert|6.6|C-change|1}} and is especially small during winter. Around 87% of the annual precipitation falls from April to October. | Fuling District has a [[monsoon]]-influenced [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cwa''), with four distinct seasons and ample rainfall: winters are short, mild, and comparatively dry, while summers are long, hot, and humid. Monthly daily average temperatures range from {{convert|7.5|°C|1}} in January to {{convert|28.4|°C|1}} in July, while the annual mean is {{convert|18.2|°C|1}}. The [[diurnal temperature variation]] is {{convert|6.6|C-change|1}} and is especially small during winter. Around 87% of the annual precipitation falls from April to October. | ||
{{Weather box|width=auto | {{Weather box | ||
|metric first=y | | width = auto | ||
|single line=y | | metric first = y | ||
|collapsed = Y | | single line = y | ||
|location = Fuling District, elevation {{convert|373|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–present) | | collapsed = Y | ||
|Jan high C = | | location = Fuling District, elevation {{convert|373|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–present) | ||
|Feb high C = | | Jan high C = 9.8 | ||
|Mar high C = | | Feb high C = 12.8 | ||
|Apr high C = | | Mar high C = 17.9 | ||
|May high C = | | Apr high C = 23.2 | ||
|Jun high C = | | May high C = 26.6 | ||
|Jul high C = | | Jun high C = 29.3 | ||
|Aug high C = | | Jul high C = 33.3 | ||
|Sep high C = | | Aug high C = 33.6 | ||
|Oct high C = | | Sep high C = 28.5 | ||
|Nov high C = | | Oct high C = 21.9 | ||
|Dec high C = | | Nov high C = 16.8 | ||
|Jan mean C = | | Dec high C = 10.9 | ||
|Feb mean C = | | Jan mean C = 7.5 | ||
|Mar mean C = | | Feb mean C = 9.7 | ||
|Apr mean C = | | Mar mean C = 13.8 | ||
|May mean C = | | Apr mean C = 18.6 | ||
|Jun mean C = | | May mean C = 22.0 | ||
|Jul mean C = | | Jun mean C = 24.9 | ||
|Aug mean C = | | Jul mean C = 28.4 | ||
|Sep mean C = | | Aug mean C = 28.3 | ||
|Oct mean C = | | Sep mean C = 24.1 | ||
|Nov mean C = | | Oct mean C = 18.6 | ||
|Dec mean C = | | Nov mean C = 14.0 | ||
|Jan low C = | | Dec mean C = 8.9 | ||
|Feb low C = | | Jan low C = 5.9 | ||
|Mar low C = | | Feb low C = 7.6 | ||
|Apr low C = | | Mar low C = 11.0 | ||
|May low C = | | Apr low C = 15.3 | ||
|Jun low C = | | May low C = 18.7 | ||
|Jul low C = | | Jun low C = 21.8 | ||
|Aug low C = | | Jul low C = 24.5 | ||
|Sep low C = | | Aug low C = 24.4 | ||
|Oct low C = | | Sep low C = 20.9 | ||
|Nov low C = | | Oct low C = 16.5 | ||
|Dec low C = | | Nov low C = 12.1 | ||
| Jan record high C = | | Dec low C = 7.5 | ||
| Jan record high C = 18.0 | |||
| Jan record low C = −1.5 | | Jan record low C = −1.5 | ||
| Feb record high C = | | Feb record high C = 25.3 | ||
| Feb record low C = −0.3 | | Feb record low C = −0.3 | ||
| Mar record high C = 34.6 | | Mar record high C = 34.6 | ||
| Mar record low C = 1.3 | | Mar record low C = 1.3 | ||
| Apr record high C = | | Apr record high C = 36.2 | ||
| Apr record low C = 4.2 | | Apr record low C = 4.2 | ||
| May record high C = 37.9 | | May record high C = 37.9 | ||
| May record low C = 11. | | May record low C = 11.1 | ||
| Jun record high C = 39.2 | | Jun record high C = 39.2 | ||
| Jun record low C = 15.8 | | Jun record low C = 15.8 | ||
| Jul record high C = 40. | | Jul record high C = 40.7 | ||
| Jul record low C = | | Jul record low C = 18.3 | ||
| Aug record high C = | | Aug record high C = 43.5 | ||
| Aug record low C = 18.7 | | Aug record low C = 18.7 | ||
| Sep record high C = | | Sep record high C = 43.4 | ||
| Sep record low C = 14.9 | | Sep record low C = 14.9 | ||
| Oct record high C = | | Oct record high C = 36.8 | ||
| Oct record low C = 7.4 | | Oct record low C = 7.4 | ||
| Nov record high C = 28.9 | | Nov record high C = 28.9 | ||
| Line 144: | Line 145: | ||
| Dec record high C = 18.4 | | Dec record high C = 18.4 | ||
| Dec record low C = −2.2 | | Dec record low C = −2.2 | ||
|precipitation colour = green | | precipitation colour = green | ||
|Jan precipitation mm = | | Jan precipitation mm = 18.5 | ||
|Feb precipitation mm = | | Feb precipitation mm = 21.2 | ||
|Mar precipitation mm = | | Mar precipitation mm = 55.9 | ||
|Apr precipitation mm = | | Apr precipitation mm = 106.8 | ||
|May precipitation mm = | | May precipitation mm = 164.1 | ||
|Jun precipitation mm = | | Jun precipitation mm = 171.3 | ||
|Jul precipitation mm = | | Jul precipitation mm = 144.6 | ||
|Aug precipitation mm = | | Aug precipitation mm = 122.3 | ||
|Sep precipitation mm = | | Sep precipitation mm = 109.6 | ||
|Oct precipitation mm = | | Oct precipitation mm = 104.4 | ||
|Nov precipitation mm = | | Nov precipitation mm = 55.6 | ||
|Dec precipitation mm = | | Dec precipitation mm = 23.5 | ||
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm | | unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm | ||
|Jan precipitation days = | | Jan precipitation days = 9.2 | ||
|Feb precipitation days = | | Feb precipitation days = 8.5 | ||
|Mar precipitation days = | | Mar precipitation days = 11.9 | ||
|Apr precipitation days = | | Apr precipitation days = 14.7 | ||
|May precipitation days = | | May precipitation days = 16.6 | ||
|Jun precipitation days = | | Jun precipitation days = 15.3 | ||
|Jul precipitation days = | | Jul precipitation days = 11.9 | ||
|Aug precipitation days = | | Aug precipitation days = 11.5 | ||
|Sep precipitation days = | | Sep precipitation days = 11.9 | ||
|Oct precipitation days = | | Oct precipitation days = 16.5 | ||
|Nov precipitation days = | | Nov precipitation days = 11.4 | ||
|Dec precipitation days = | | Dec precipitation days = 10.4 | ||
|year precipitation days = | | year precipitation days = | ||
|Jan humidity = | | Jan humidity = 83 | ||
|Feb humidity = | | Feb humidity = 79 | ||
|Mar humidity = | | Mar humidity = 76 | ||
|Apr humidity = | | Apr humidity = 77 | ||
|May humidity = | | May humidity = 79 | ||
|Jun humidity = | | Jun humidity = 81 | ||
|Jul humidity = | | Jul humidity = 74 | ||
|Aug humidity = | | Aug humidity = 72 | ||
|Sep humidity = | | Sep humidity = 78 | ||
|Oct humidity = | | Oct humidity = 85 | ||
|Nov humidity = | | Nov humidity = 85 | ||
|Dec humidity = | | Dec humidity = 86 | ||
|Jan sun = | | Jan sun = 19.9 | ||
|Feb sun = | | Feb sun = 37.6 | ||
|Mar sun = | | Mar sun = 76.9 | ||
|Apr sun = | | Apr sun = 107.5 | ||
|May sun = | | May sun = 112.2 | ||
|Jun sun = | | Jun sun = 109.4 | ||
|Jul sun = | | Jul sun = 189.6 | ||
|Aug sun = | | Aug sun = 194.6 | ||
|Sep sun = | | Sep sun = 121.4 | ||
|Oct sun = | | Oct sun = 62.3 | ||
|Nov sun = | | Nov sun = 45.7 | ||
|Dec sun = | | Dec sun = 18.6 | ||
|year sun = | | year sun = | ||
| Jan percentsun = | | Jan percentsun = 6 | ||
| Feb percentsun = | | Feb percentsun = 12 | ||
| Mar percentsun = | | Mar percentsun = 21 | ||
| Apr percentsun = | | Apr percentsun = 28 | ||
| May percentsun = | | May percentsun = 27 | ||
| Jun percentsun = | | Jun percentsun = 26 | ||
| Jul percentsun = | | Jul percentsun = 44 | ||
| Aug percentsun = | | Aug percentsun = 48 | ||
| Sep percentsun = | | Sep percentsun = 33 | ||
| Oct percentsun = | | Oct percentsun = 18 | ||
| Nov percentsun = | | Nov percentsun = 14 | ||
| Dec percentsun = | | Dec percentsun = 6 | ||
| year percentsun = | | year percentsun = | ||
|Jan snow days = | | Jan snow days = 0.3 | ||
|Feb snow days = | | Feb snow days = 0.1 | ||
|Mar snow days = | | Mar snow days = 0 | ||
|Apr snow days = | | Apr snow days = 0 | ||
|May snow days = | | May snow days = 0 | ||
|Jun snow days = | | Jun snow days = 0 | ||
|Jul snow days = | | Jul snow days = 0 | ||
|Aug snow days = | | Aug snow days = 0 | ||
|Sep snow days = | | Sep snow days = 0 | ||
|Oct snow days = | | Oct snow days = 0 | ||
|Nov snow days = | | Nov snow days = 0 | ||
|Dec snow days = | | Dec snow days = 0.1 | ||
|year snow days = | | year snow days = | ||
|source 1 = [[China Meteorological Administration]]<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans |access-date=18 September 2023}}</ref><ref> | | source 1 = [[China Meteorological Administration]]<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans |access-date=18 September 2023}}</ref><ref> | ||
{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans | access-date =18 September 2023}}</ref> | {{cite web|title=Experience Template |url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans | access-date =18 September 2023}}</ref>All-time Oct high<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.weibo.cn/status/5220311521823633 |script-title=zh:【气温——13日以后有变化】今天南北气温依然有巨大差异。南方多地出现高温，江西湖南重庆四川站点包揽高温榜前十。重庆綦江、巴南、四川开江、丹巴打破10月最高气温纪录，重庆天城和涪陵追平昨天刚创的10月最高纪录。但在华北，阴雨+冷空气，天气冷得罕见。今天石家庄最高气温只有10℃，打破当地10月上旬最高气温的最低纪录。而且今天均温不到10℃，迎来立秋后首个冬日。此外兰州12.8℃、银川11.5℃、西宁9.5℃、济南14.9℃、郑州14℃均创立秋后新低。未来2天，西北地区东部和华北黄淮，因为冷空气+阴雨，气温继续偏低。13日降雨减少后，气温偏低的情况会明显好转，北京天津石家庄西安兰州银川，13日最高气温都将重返20℃以上。济南郑州13日还有阴雨，14日雨停后也会回到20℃以上。南方未来2天的晴热高温依然不少。杭州南昌均报出未来3天连续高温。福州报出连续4天。长沙重庆明天也可能有高温。12-13日因为有冷空气从偏西区域南下，重庆和长沙高温可能就此结束。而偏东的江西浙江福建部分地区，还残余一些高温。从形势预报看，13-14日有弱冷空气渗透南下，1015百帕线可以推进到武夷山-南岭。而在贝加尔湖附近，后期有横槽发展，导致大量冷空气在西伯利亚一带堆积。在10月中旬后期，冷空气可能大举南下，南方的暑热将被一扫而空。但是横槽何时能转竖，也就是开闸放水，这个在中期预报时段上，难以给出准确的判定。因此冷空气南下的具体时间，可能早一些也可以晚一些。但这股强冷空气没跑，关注临近报的修订。总之13-15日气温是量变，18-21日可能是质变。|publisher=weatherman_信欣 on [[Weibo]] |language = zh-hans | access-date =14 October 2025 |title=Sina Visitor System }}</ref> | ||
| source 2 = Weather China<ref name = Clim>{{cite web | | source 2 = Weather China<ref name = Clim>{{cite web | ||
| url = http://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101041400.shtml? | | url = http://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101041400.shtml? | ||
| Line 230: | Line 231: | ||
| language = zh | | language = zh | ||
| access-date = 22 November 2022}}</ref> | | access-date = 22 November 2022}}</ref> | ||
| source = | |||
}} | }} | ||
| Line 439: | Line 441: | ||
=== Cuisine === | === Cuisine === | ||
Fuling is well known for its Wu River brand ''[[zha cai]]'' pickled mustard tuber. The Fuling Zhacai company is listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, and in 2021 celebrated selling 15 billion packets.<ref>{{Cite | Fuling is well known for its Wu River brand ''[[zha cai]]'' pickled mustard tuber. The Fuling Zhacai company is listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, and in 2021 celebrated selling 15 billion packets.<ref>{{Cite press release|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210127005338/en/15-Billion-Packets-Sold-Globally-China%E2%80%99s-Wujiang-Now-World-Famous%21|title = 15 Billion Packets Sold Globally, China's Wujiang Now World Famous!|date = 27 January 2021}}</ref> | ||
According to [[Peter Hessler]], as of 1998, most residents of Fuling are genetically incapable of being alcoholics. When imbibing large amounts of alcohol many people became so sick and they could not drink heavily all the time. Therefore, according to Hessler, consumption of alcohol was not habitual but instead was a ritual, and therefore drinking patterns were "abusive with light consequences."<ref>[[Peter Hessler|Hessler]], p. 80.</ref> | According to [[Peter Hessler]], as of 1998, most residents of Fuling are genetically incapable of being alcoholics. When imbibing large amounts of alcohol many people became so sick and they could not drink heavily all the time. Therefore, according to Hessler, consumption of alcohol was not habitual but instead was a ritual, and therefore drinking patterns were "abusive with light consequences."<ref>[[Peter Hessler|Hessler]], p. 80.</ref> | ||
Latest revision as of 16:45, 26 November 2025
Script error: No such module "redirect hatnote". Script error: No such module "Settlement short description".Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".Expression error: Unexpected < operator. Script error: No such module "infobox". Fuling District (Template:Lang-zh) is a district in central Chongqing, China. As the second largest city in Chongqing, the area is known for zha cai, a hot pickled mustard tuber,[1] as well as serving as the location of former U.S. Peace Corps teacher Peter Hessler's best-selling memoir River Town: Two Years on the Yangtze.
The district spans an area of Script error: No such module "convert".,[2] and has a population of 1,115,016, per the 2020 Chinese Census.[3] The district's area spans from latitude 29°21' to 30°01' north, and longitude 106°56' to 107°43' east.[2]
History
According to the district's government, the area comprising contemporary Fuling District has been inhabited since approximately 3000 BCE.[4]
During the Spring and Autumn period, the area was inhabited by the Template:Interlanguage link.[4] From the middle and late part of Spring and Autumn period, through to the middle of the Warring States period, the area belonged to the State of Ba.[4] The area was at some point the site of one of the Ba's capitals, and a Ba king is buried within the area.[4] During the middle and latter part of the Warring States period, the area belonged to the State of Chu.[4]
Following the State of Chu, the area was incorporated into the Qin dynasty as the Ba Commandery.[4] The area reorganized in 227 BCE, under the rule of King Zhaoxiang of Qin, as Template:Interlanguage link.[4]
During the Eastern Han, Zhi County was merged into Template:Interlanguage link.[4]
In the Three Kingdoms period, the area was ruled by the Shu Han, and organized as Hanping County (Template:Lang-zh).[4] Hanping County was subordinate to the Template:Interlanguage link, whose capital was located in present-day Template:Interlanguage link in the nearby Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County, to the southeast of Fuling District.[4]
In 347 CE, under the Eastern Jin, the area was again reorganized as Fu Commandery (Template:Lang-zh), which was also known as Zhicheng Commandery (Template:Lang-zh).[4]
The area's administrative divisions were reorganized dramatically during the Northern and Southern dynasties.[4]
The Sui dynasty would reorganize the area into three counties: Fuling County (Template:Lang-zh), which belonged to the Ba Commandery, Fengdu County (Template:Lang-zh), which belonged to the Template:Interlanguage link, and Dianjiang County (Template:Lang-zh), which belonged to the Dangqu Commandery.[4]
In 618 CE,Script error: No such module "Unsubst". during the Tang dynasty, the area was reorganized as Template:Interlanguage link, which governed Template:Interlanguage link, Fuling County, and Template:Interlanguage link.[4]
Under the Northern Song, Longhua County was changed to Template:Interlanguage link.[4] During the Southern Song, Fu Zhou was reestablished to govern the area, and administered Fuling County and Wulong County.[4]
Fu Zhou remained intact during the Yuan dynasty and the Ming dynasty, and governed Wulong County.[4] Fu Zhou would continue intact during the Qing dynasty, but was not divided into counties.[4] During this time, Fu Zhou was under the jurisdiction of Template:Interlanguage link.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
In 1913, shortly after the establishment of the Republic of China, Fu Zhou was reorganized as Fuling County.[4] Fuling County initially fell under the jurisdiction of Template:Interlanguage link, then directly under the jurisdiction of Sichuan Template:Citation needed span, and finally under the Eight Administrative Inspectorate of Sichuan.[4]
Following the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the area saw administrative reforms in early 1950.[4] Fuling County was reorganized as Template:Interlanguage link, under the jurisdiction of Template:Interlanguage link.[4] Fuling Area governed seven counties: Fuling, Nanchuan, Fengdu, Shizhu, Wulong, Changshou and Pengshui.[4] In Template:Citation needed span 1952, Template:Interlanguage link was merged into Fuling Area, adding the counties of Dianjiang, Qianjiang, Youyang, and Xiushan.[4] Changshou County was absorbed into Chongqing, which then had a prefecture-level status instead of its present provincial-level status, in 1958.[4]
Fuling Area was replaced by Template:Interlanguage link in 1968.[4] Fuling County became a county-level city in 1983.[4] The prefecture became a Three Gorges provincial planning region (Script error: No such module "Lang".) the following year.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". In 1988, Qianjiang, Youyang, Xiushan, Pengshui, and Shizhu counties were transferred to the jurisdiction of the newly organized Template:Interlanguage link.[4] Nanchuan County was re-designated as a county-level city in 1994.[4] On November 5, 1995, the State Council passed legislation to abolish the county-level city of Fuling and replace it with two districts: Zhicheng District (Template:Lang-zh) and Lidu District (Template:Lang-zh).[4] This change would come into effect in January 1996.[4] In March 1996, Fuling Prefecture was re-designated as a prefecture-level city, which governed Zhicheng District, Lidu District, Nanchuan City, Dianjiang County, Fengdu County and Wulong County.[4]
On September 15, 1996, legislature passed by the State Council placed the prefecture-level city of Fuling under the administration of Chongqing.[4] On March 14, 1997, the National People's Congress changed Chongqing to become a direct-administered municipality.[4] This was followed by legislation by the State Council on December 20, 1997 which abolished Fuling's prefecture-level status, revoking Zhicheng District and Lidu District, and placing Nanchuan City, Wulong County, Fengdu County, and Dianjiang County all under the direct jurisdiction of Chongqing.[4] The now-defunct Zhicheng District and Lidu District became contemporary Fuling District.
Geography
Fuling District is located on the southeastern edge of the Sichuan Basin, between latitude 29°21' to 30°01' north, and longitude 106°56' to 107°43' east, covering an area of Script error: No such module "convert"..[2] The easternmost point is Baijibao (Template:Lang-zh) in the town of Template:Interlanguage link, the westernmost point is Dachayuan (Template:Lang-zh) in the town of Template:Interlanguage link, the southernmost point is Jinjiadian (Template:Lang-zh) in the town of Template:Interlanguage link, and the northernmost point is Hongqiangyuan (Template:Lang-zh).[2] Fuling District spans Script error: No such module "convert". from west to east, and Script error: No such module "convert". from north to south.[2] Fuling City is located at the confluence of the Wu River and the Yangtze, in the heart of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region.[2]
Located in the central part of Chongqing, Fuling District is bordered by Fengdu County to the east, Wulong District and Nanchuan District to the south, Banan District to the west, and Changshou District and Dianjiang County to the north.[2]
Climate
Fuling District has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa), with four distinct seasons and ample rainfall: winters are short, mild, and comparatively dry, while summers are long, hot, and humid. Monthly daily average temperatures range from Script error: No such module "convert". in January to Script error: No such module "convert". in July, while the annual mean is Script error: No such module "convert".. The diurnal temperature variation is Script error: No such module "convert". and is especially small during winter. Around 87% of the annual precipitation falls from April to October.
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Demographics
<templatestyles src="Module:Historical populations/styles.css"/>Script error: No such module "Historical populations". Fuling District has a population of 1,115,016, according to the 2020 Chinese Census.[3] This represents a 4.53% increase from the 1,066,714 recorded in the 2010 Chinese Census.[3] As of 2022, the population of Fuling District was reported to be 1,115,200, with a slight decrease of about 816 people compared to 2020.[5]
As of 2020, 71.85% of the district's population is urbanized, up from 55.80% in 2010.[3]
Age and household structure
14.93% of the district's population is 14 years old or younger, 63.91% is between 15 and 59 years old, and 21.16% is 60 years old or older.[3] 18.02% of the district's population is 65 years or older.[3] Compared to 2010, the proportion of people age 14 or younger dropped 0.96%, the proportion of people age 15 to 59 fell 2.10%, and the proportion of people age 60 or older rose 3.06%.[3] The proportion of people age 65 or older rose 5.63% from 2010 to 2020.[3] The average household size in Fuling District totaled 2.44 people, a decrease from the 2.91 size recorded in 2010.[3]
Educational attainment
12.85% of the district's population had attained a tertiary education, according to 2020 figures.[3] An additional 16.97% of the district's population had attained a secondary education, an additional 34.88% attained a junior high education, an additional 28.44% attained a primary education, and the remaining 6.86% of the population had no formal education.[3] People above the age of 14 in the district have attained an average of 9.68 years of formal education, an increase from the 8.73 years average recorded in 2010.[3] Fuling District had a literacy rate of 98.57% as of 2020, an increase from 94.82% in 2010.[3]
Administrative divisions
Fuling District administers 11 subdistricts, 14 towns, and 2 townships.[6] These township-level divisions in turn administer 719 administrative villages and 80 residential communities.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
| Name | Chinese (S)[6] | Hanyu Pinyin |
|---|---|---|
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2010 divisions
| Name | Chinese (S) | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010)[7] | Area (km2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Interlanguage link | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "lang". | 105,296 | 3.8 |
| Template:Interlanguage link | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "lang". | 75,746 | 11.24 |
| Template:Interlanguage link | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "lang". | 156,753 | 126 |
| Template:Interlanguage link | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "lang". | 36,538 | 78.09 |
| Template:Interlanguage link | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "lang". | 51,078 | 91.6 |
| Template:Interlanguage link | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "lang". | 88,124 | 91.1 |
| Template:Interlanguage link | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "lang". | 34,541 | 63.2 |
| Template:Interlanguage link | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "lang". | 46,160 | 121.5 |
| Template:Interlanguage link | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "lang". | 26,447 | 67.14 |
| Template:Interlanguage link | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "lang". | 16,197 | 107.4 |
| Template:Interlanguage link | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "lang". | 41,114 | 114 |
| Template:Interlanguage link | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "lang". | 50,017 | 56.3 |
| Template:Interlanguage link | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "lang". | 29,285 | 83.5 |
| Template:Interlanguage link | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "lang". | 23,454 | 78.2 |
| Template:Interlanguage link | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "lang". | 32,360 | 55.5 |
| Template:Interlanguage link | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "lang". | 36,511 | 80.6 |
| Linshi town | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "lang". | 41,730 | 82.3 |
| Template:Interlanguage link | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "lang". | 34,299 | 81.7 |
| Template:Interlanguage link | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "lang". | 26,144 | 54 |
| Yihe town | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "lang". | 37,390 | 70.4 |
| Luoyun Township | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "lang". | 14,940 | 56.5 |
| Template:Interlanguage link | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "lang". | 3,200 | 96.3 |
| Wulingshan Township | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "lang". | 6,360 | 103.3 |
| Dashun Township | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "lang". | 18,844 | |
| Zengfu Township | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "lang". | 15,527 | 70.4 |
| Tongle Township | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "lang". | 18,659 | 65.73 |
Economy
Fuling District had a total gross domestic product (GDP) of 140.274 billion renminbi (RMB) as of 2021, an 8.7% increase from 2020.[8] As of the latest available data, Fuling District's economic performance has been notable. The materials industry plays a significant role in Fuling's economy, with a 2023 production value of 120.4-billion-yuan, accounting for one-fifth of Chongqing's total.[9] This industry leads all districts and counties in Chongqing, highlighting its importance to the region's economic development.
The district's primary sector accounted for 6.48% of total GDP in 2021, and grew at a rate of 6.4% from 2020; the secondary sector accounted for 55.80% of GDP, and grew 6.7% from 2020; the tertiary sector accounted for 37.72% of GDP, and grew 12.0% from 2020.[8]
Moreover, Fuling District has been actively developing industrial clusters in key sectors such as chemical new materials, power batteries, lightweight automotive materials, and advanced new materials. The district's strategic location along the Yangtze River and its involvement in the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor (ILSTC) have significantly boosted its export economy. In fact, Fuling's foreign trade volume reached 7.68 billion yuan from January to May 2024, marking a year-on-year increase of 3.8%, and ranking fifth in Chongqing.[10]
Transportation
Historically, Fuling was primarily served by Yangtze river boats, as the development of ground transportation was slow, due to the difficult terrain.
Railways arrived to the Fuling area only in the 21st century. First was the Chongqing–Huaihua Railway, completed in 2005. Its Fuling Railway Station is located a few kilometers west of town (Script error: No such module "Coordinates".).
The high-speed Chongqing−Lichuan Railway, opened on December 28, 2013, serves Fuling as well, with its Fuling North Railway Station. This railway crosses the Yangtze near the city over the Hanjiatuo Bridge. The railway's Caijiagou Bridge (Template:Lang-zh; Script error: No such module "Coordinates".), located in Fuling District, is said to be the world's tallest railway bridge, as measured by the height of the bridge's tallest pillar (139 m).[11] The Nanchuan–Fuling Railway, completed in 2012, forms part of Chongqing's outer railway ring.
As of 2015, Fuling had five Yangtze River bridges.[12]
Education
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Yangtze Normal University (formerly Fuling Teachers College) is in Fuling. The university hosted Peace Corps volunteers from 1996 until 2020, when the last volunteers were evacuated from the Peace Corps China program in the wake of COVID-19.
Culture
The White Crane Ridge (Baiheliang), a rock outcrop on the Yangtze River, has been used as a hydrological station recording water levels since the Tang Dynasty. It includes many rock carvings. With the flooding of the Yangtze as part of the Three Gorges Dam project, the White Crane Ridge Underwater Museum was opened in 2009 to protect the carvings and allow viewing by visitors under the new water level of the river.[13]
Cuisine
Fuling is well known for its Wu River brand zha cai pickled mustard tuber. The Fuling Zhacai company is listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, and in 2021 celebrated selling 15 billion packets.[14]
According to Peter Hessler, as of 1998, most residents of Fuling are genetically incapable of being alcoholics. When imbibing large amounts of alcohol many people became so sick and they could not drink heavily all the time. Therefore, according to Hessler, consumption of alcohol was not habitual but instead was a ritual, and therefore drinking patterns were "abusive with light consequences."[15]
See also
- River Town: Two Years on the Yangtze
- Fuling Catholic Church
- White Crane Ridge
- Baiheliang Underwater Museum
- 816 Nuclear Military Plant
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Notes
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- ↑ United States Foreign Broadcast Information Service. Daily Report: People's Republic of China, Issues 224–231. National Technical Information Service, 1990. p. 31. "Fuling is famous for its hot pickled mustard tubers and Comrade Qiao Shi showed a keen interest in the production and processing of these tubers. Early the next morning, he went to Fuling's Zhaxi Hot Pickled Mustard Tuber Factory by car.[...]"
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- ↑ Hessler, p. 80.
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Bibliography
- Hessler, Peter. River Town: Two Years on the Yangtze (ebook edition). HarperCollins e-books.
External links
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