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{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Events by month|2008|prefix=Portal:Current events/}}
{{Events by month|2008|prefix=Portal:Current events/}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Multiple image
[[File:2008 Events Collage.png|Clockwise from top-left: [[Lehman Brothers]] went [[Bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers|bankrupt]] following the [[subprime mortgage crisis]]; [[Cyclone Nargis]] kills upwards of 138,373 in [[Myanmar]] and became the [[List of natural disasters#tropical cyclones|7th-deadliest cyclone of all time]]; the [[2008 Summer Olympics]] are held in [[Beijing]], [[China]] whilst a [[2008 Tibetan unrest|series of unrest in Tibet]] was occurring against the games; an [[2008 Sichuan earthquake|earthquake]] in [[Sichuan]] kills over 87,000 and became the [[List of natural disasters#earthquakes|18th-deadliest earthquake of all time]]; a destroyed Georgian T-72 tank during the [[Russo-Georgian War]]; the Trident Hotel in [[Mumbai]] was the site of the [[2008 Mumbai attacks]]; the ''[[Phoenix (spacecraft)|Phoenix]]'' spacecraft is the first probe to prove that ice water still exists on [[Mars]]; poster in [[Pristina]] celebrating the [[2008 Kosovo declaration of independence|Independence]] of [[Kosovo]] from [[Serbia]].|262x262px|thumb|right]]
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*[[2008 Mumbai terrorist attacks|Attacks in Mumbai]] kill 175;
*[[Bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers|the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers]] occurs during the [[2008 financial crisis]]; it is also known as the climax of the crisis;
*the [[Russo-Georgian War]] took place between [[Russia]] and [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]];
*[[2008 Sichuan earthquake|earthquake in]] [[Sichuan]], [[China]] kills 88,000;
*the [[2008 Summer Olympics]] took place in [[Beijing]], [[China]];
*[[Cyclone Nargis]] kills 138,000 people in [[Myanmar]];
*the [[one million voices against FARC]] civic mobilizations in different parts of the world under the slogan {{lang|es|[[Colombia]] soy yo}};
*the [[Kingston Fossil Plant coal fly ash slurry spill]], a major environmental disaster that occurred in [[Roane County, Tennessee]];
*the [[2008 Tibetan unrest]], a series of protests and demonstrations against Chinese rule in [[Tibet]].
}}
{{Year nav|2008}}
{{Year nav|2008}}
{{Year in various calendars|year=2008}}
{{Year in various calendars|year=2008}}
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{{Year article header|2008}}
{{Year article header|2008}}


2008 was designated as:
2008 is designated as:
*[[International Year of Languages]]<ref name="Ow0tF" />
*[[International Year of Languages]]<ref name="Ow0tF" />
*[[International Year of Planet Earth]]<ref name="UN_ARES60192">{{UN document|docid=A-RES-60-192|type=Resolution|body=General Assembly|session=60|resolution_number=192|accessdate=2008-09-17|date=22 December 2005}}</ref>
*[[International Year of Planet Earth]]<ref name="UN_ARES60192">{{UN document|docid=A-RES-60-192|type=Resolution|body=General Assembly|session=60|resolution_number=192|accessdate=2008-09-17|date=22 December 2005}}</ref>
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The [[Great Recession]], a worldwide recession which began in [[2007]], continued through the entirety of 2008.
The [[Great Recession]], a worldwide recession which began in [[2007]], continued through the entirety of 2008.
{{TOC limit|2}}
{{TOC limit|2}}
== Population ==
The [[world population]] on January 1, 2008, was estimated to be 6.801&nbsp;billion people and increased to 6.888&nbsp;billion people by January 1, 2009.{{Sfn|UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs|2024}} An estimated 141.8&nbsp;million births and 54.0&nbsp;million deaths took place in 2008.{{Sfn|UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs|2024}} The average global [[life expectancy]] was 69.3 years, an increase of 0.3 years from 2007.{{Sfn|UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs|2024}} The estimated number of global refugees decreased from 11.4&nbsp;million to 10.5&nbsp;million by the end of the year.{{Sfn|UN High Commissioner for Refugees|2009|p=8}} The largest sources of refugees were Afghanistan with 2.8&nbsp;million people and Iraq with 1.9&nbsp;million people.{{Sfn|UN High Commissioner for Refugees|2009|p=9}}
== Conflicts ==
There were 37 conflicts in 2008 that resulted in at least 25 fatalities, five of which resulted in at least 1,000 fatalities: the [[Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)|Iraqi insurgency]], the [[Taliban insurgency]], conflict with the [[Pakistani Taliban]], [[Eelam War IV]] in Sri Lanka, and the [[Somali Civil War]].{{Sfn|Harbom|Wallensteen|2009|pp=577, 579, 583–586}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Harbom |first1=Lotta |last2=Wallensteen |first2=Peter |date=2010 |title=Armed Conflicts, 1946-2009 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20752204 |journal=[[Journal of Peace Research]] |volume=47 |issue=4 |pages=501–509 |doi=10.1177/0022343310376887 |jstor=20752204 |issn=0022-3433}}</ref><!--The 2010 source contains an update increasing the number of conflicts from 36 to 37.--> [[Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict|A border conflict]] broke out for two days between Djibouti and Eritrea, ending with Eritrean occupation of the disputed area, [[Ras Doumeira]]. This was the first conflict in four years where two sovereign states fought each other directly.{{Sfn|Harbom|Wallensteen|2009|p=579}} The [[Russo-Georgian War]] occurred in August when Georgia engaged in warfare with the breakaway state South Ossetia following a series of skirmishes. Russia backed South Ossetia and sent 10,000 soldiers into the fight, progressing further into Georgia until a ceasefire was established.{{Sfn|Harbom|Wallensteen|2009|pp=580–581}} Two separatist rebel groups escalated conflict in India: [[Dima Halam Daogah]] sought a [[Dimasa people|Dimasa]] state and the [[United National Liberation Front]] sought a [[Manipur]]i state.{{Sfn|Harbom|Wallensteen|2009|p=581}}
Peace talks were held between Uganda and the [[Lord's Resistance Army]] (LRA) to end [[Lord's Resistance Army insurgency|the LRA's insurgency]], but LRA leader [[Joseph Kony]] refused to attend a final peace agreement and government operations against the LRA resumed in December.{{Sfn|Harbom|Wallensteen|2009|pp=580, 582}} Peace talks were also held for the [[Central African Bush War]] and the [[Somali Civil War]], but rebels were unable to reach final agreements in these conflicts. The [[National Forces of Liberation]] resumed its insurgency in Burundi when peace talks collapsed in January, but a ceasefire was established in December. Progress was made toward peace in the [[First Ivorian Civil War]] with preparations to integrate the [[Forces Nouvelles de Côte d'Ivoire]] into the Ivorian military.{{Sfn|Harbom|Wallensteen|2009|p=580}}
== Culture ==
The highest-grossing film globally in 2008 was ''[[The Dark Knight]]'', followed by ''[[Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull]]'' and ''[[Kung Fu Panda (film)|Kung Fu Panda]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2008 Worldwide Box Office |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/year/world/2008/ |website=Box Office Mojo}}</ref> The best-selling album globally in 2008 was ''[[Viva La Vida Or Death And All His Friends]]'' by [[Coldplay]], followed by ''[[Black Ice (album)|Black Ice]]'' by [[AC/DC]] and ''[[Mamma Mia! The Movie Soundtrack]]''.<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://www.musicaememoria.com/docs/IFPI-top50-2008.pdf |title=Top 50 Global Best Selling Albums for 2008 |date=2008 |publisher=IFPI}}</ref>
== Economy ==
The economy underwent [[2008 financial crisis|a global financial crisis]] in 2008 following the American [[subprime mortgage crisis]] from the previous year, [[Great Recession|causing the worst recession]] since the [[Great Depression]]. The economy was affected by [[bank failure]]s, [[stock market crash]]es, and [[credit freeze]]s.{{Sfn|UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs|2009|p=iii}} A dramatic escalation in September prompted international efforts to restore [[consumer confidence]] and resolve credit freezes. Measures such as [[bailout]]s for financial institutions and [[liquidity injection]]s were implemented throughout the year.{{Sfn|UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs|2009|pp=v–vi}}
[[Gross world product]] increased by approximately 2.5% in 2008.{{Sfn|UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs|2009|p=iii}} [[International trade]] grew by 4.3%, slowing from the 6.4% growth in 2007. Commodity prices continued their [[2000s commodities boom|previous upward trajectory]] until half way into the year when they dropped sharply. The [[price of oil]] was especially affected with its 60% drop.{{Sfn|UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs|2009|p=vi}}
The [[Follow-up International Conference on Financing for Development to Review the Implementation of the Monterrey Consensus]] was held in November and December in [[Doha]] to continue talks on global economic reform.{{Sfn|UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs|2009|p=xiv}}


== Events ==
== Events ==
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* [[January 21]]
* [[January 21]]
**Stock markets around the world plunge amid growing fears of a [[Great Recession in the United States|U.S. Great Recession]], fueled by the 2007 [[subprime mortgage crisis]].<ref name="UdyTv" />
**Stock markets around the world plunge amid growing fears of a [[Great Recession in the United States|U.S. Great Recession]], fueled by the 2007 [[subprime mortgage crisis]].<ref name="UdyTv" />
**[[Online activist]] group [[Anonymous (hacker group)|Anonymous]] initiates [[Project Chanology]], after a [[News leak|leaked interview]] of [[Tom Cruise]] by the [[Church of Scientology]] is published on [[YouTube]], and the Church of Scientology issued a [[DMCA takedown|"copyright infringement" claim]]. In response, Anonymous sympathizers took to the streets to [[protest]] outside the church (after February 10), while the church's websites and centres were getting [[Denial-of-service attack|DoS attacks]], [[Prank call|phone line nukes]], and [[black fax]]es.<ref name="sx8F7" /><ref name="vOwe0" /><ref name="phLJJ" /><ref name="waVoL" /><ref name="muTyR" /><ref name="LwGGz" /><ref name="LqoSy" /><ref name="yECdo" />{{Excessive citations inline|date=December 2022}}
**[[Online activist]] group [[Anonymous (hacker group)|Anonymous]] initiates [[Project Chanology]], after a [[News leak|leaked interview]] of [[Tom Cruise]] by the [[Church of Scientology]] is published on [[YouTube]], and the Church of Scientology issued a [[DMCA takedown|"copyright infringement" claim]]. In response, Anonymous sympathizers took to the streets to [[protest]] outside the church (after February 10), while the church's websites and centres were getting [[Denial-of-service attack|DoS attacks]], [[Prank call|phone line nukes]], and [[black fax]]es.<ref name="muTyR" /><ref name="LwGGz" />
<!-- Heath Ledger is already listed under *DEATHS* for this date, do not double list him here under *EVENTS* -->
<!-- Heath Ledger is already listed under *DEATHS* for this date, do not double list him here under *EVENTS* -->
* [[January 24]] – A peace deal is signed in [[Goma]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], ending the [[Kivu conflict]].<ref name="cAfgG" />
* [[January 24]] – A peace deal is signed in [[Goma]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], ending the [[Kivu conflict]].<ref name="cAfgG" />
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===March===
===March===
* [[March 2]] – [[Venezuela]] and [[Ecuador]] [[2008 Andean diplomatic crisis|move troops to the Colombian border]], following a Colombian raid against [[FARC]] guerrillas inside Ecuadorian territory, in which senior commander [[Raúl Reyes]] is killed.<ref name="2V4dj" /><ref name="WUuhE" />
* [[March 2]] – [[Venezuela]] and [[Ecuador]] [[2008 Andean diplomatic crisis|move troops to the Colombian border]], following a Colombian raid against [[FARC]] guerrillas inside Ecuadorian territory, in which senior commander [[Raúl Reyes]] is killed.<ref name="2V4dj" /><ref name="WUuhE" />
* [[March 8]] – [[Barisan Nasional]] loses [[Supermajority|two-thirds majority]], for the first time since [[1969 Malaysian general election|1969]], to opposition during the [[2008 Malaysian general election]] but still retains control of government. The coalition also loses [[State legislative assemblies of Malaysia|majority control]] of five states to the opposition.<ref name="setback">{{cite news |date=2008-03-08 |title=Election setback for Malaysia PM |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7284682.stm |access-date=2024-06-05 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref>
* [[March 8]] – [[Barisan Nasional]] loses [[Supermajority|two-thirds majority]], for the first time since [[1969 Malaysian general election|1969]], to opposition during the [[2008 Malaysian general election]] but still retains control of government. The coalition also loses [[State legislative assemblies of Malaysia|majority control]] of five states to the opposition.<ref name="setback">{{cite news |date=2008-03-08 |title=Election setback for Malaysia PM |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7284682.stm |access-date=2024-06-05 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref>
* [[March 9]] – The first [[European Space Agency]] [[Automated Transfer Vehicle]], a cargo spacecraft for the [[International Space Station]], launches from [[Guiana Space Centre]] in [[French Guiana]].<ref name="zmjBL" />
* [[March 9]] – The first [[European Space Agency]] [[Automated Transfer Vehicle]], a cargo spacecraft for the [[International Space Station]], launches from [[Guiana Space Centre]] in [[French Guiana]].<ref name="zmjBL" />
* [[March 10]] – [[2008 Tibetan unrest|Protests in Tibet]] against China's treatment of [[Tibetans]] begin.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2008-03-14 |title=Tibet protests |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/gallery/2008/mar/14/1 |access-date=2025-07-23 |work=the Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2008-03-16 |title=Tibetan riots spread outside region |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/16/world/asia/16iht-tibet.1.11134870.html |access-date=2025-07-23 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
*[[19 March|March 19]] – An [[Energy]] release of a [[Gamma-ray burst]] called the [[GRB 080319B]] is the [[Brightness|brightest]] event ever recorded in the [[Universe]].<ref name="09YRh" />
*[[19 March|March 19]] – An [[Energy]] release of a [[Gamma-ray burst]] called the [[GRB 080319B]] is the [[Brightness|brightest]] event ever recorded in the [[Universe]].<ref name="09YRh" />
* [[March 24]] – [[Bhutan]] holds its [[2008 Bhutanese National Assembly election|first-ever general elections]] following the adoption of a new [[Constitution of Bhutan|Constitution]] which changed the country from an [[absolute monarchy]] to a multiparty democracy.<ref name="a339d" />
* [[March 24]] – [[Bhutan]] holds its [[2008 Bhutanese National Assembly election|first-ever general elections]] following the adoption of a new [[Constitution of Bhutan|Constitution]] which changed the country from an [[absolute monarchy]] to a multiparty democracy.<ref name="a339d" />
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===April===
===April===
* [[April 29]] – ''[[Grand Theft Auto IV]]'' is released worldwide, selling over 3.6 million units and earning $310 million during the first day, becoming not only the highest grossing video game release of all-time, but also the highest grossing entertainment product release ever.<ref>{{Cite web |author=I. G. N. Staff |date=2008-05-13 |title=Grand Theft Auto IV Breaks Guinness World Records with Biggest Entertainment Release of All-Time |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/05/13/grand-theft-auto-iv-breaks-guinness-world-records-with-biggest-entertainment-release-of-all-time |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=IGN |language=en}}</ref>
* [[April 29]] – ''[[Grand Theft Auto IV]]'' is released worldwide, selling over 3.6 million units and earning $310 million during the first day, becoming not only the highest grossing video game release of all time, but also the highest grossing entertainment product release ever.<ref>{{Cite web |author=I. G. N. Staff |date=2008-05-13 |title=Grand Theft Auto IV Breaks Guinness World Records with Biggest Entertainment Release of All-Time |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/05/13/grand-theft-auto-iv-breaks-guinness-world-records-with-biggest-entertainment-release-of-all-time |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=IGN |language=en}}</ref>


===May===
===May===
* [[May 2]] – ''[[Iron Man (2008 film)|Iron Man]]'' is released in theaters, starting the [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]].
* [[May 2]] – ''[[Iron Man (2008 film)|Iron Man]]'' is released in theaters, starting the [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]].
* [[May 3]] – [[Cyclone Nargis]] passes through [[Myanmar]], killing more than 138,000 people.<ref name="n1gHV" />
* [[May 3]] – [[Cyclone Nargis]] passes through [[Myanmar]], killing more than 138,000 people.<ref name="n1gHV" />
* [[May 12]] – An earthquake measuring 7.9 on the [[moment magnitude scale]] [[2008 Sichuan earthquake|strikes Sichuan, China]], killing an estimated 87,000 people.<ref name="qTiUB" />
* [[May 12]]
** An earthquake measuring 7.9 on the [[moment magnitude scale]] [[2008 Sichuan earthquake|strikes Sichuan, China]], killing an estimated 87,000 people.<ref name="qTiUB" />
** The mummified body of [[Death of Hedviga Golik|Hedviga Golik]] is found in her apartment in [[Zagreb]], [[Croatia]] 42 years after her death.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Panić |first1=Velibor |last2=Vlašić |first2=Boris |date=2008-05-13 |title=Ležala mrtva u stanu 35 godina! |url=https://www.jutarnji.hr/naslovnica/lezala-mrtva-u-stanu-35-godina-3931044 |newspaper=[[Jutarnji list]] |language=hr |archive-date=2025-02-24 |access-date=2025-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250224235733/https://www.jutarnji.hr/naslovnica/lezala-mrtva-u-stanu-35-godina-3931044 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Woman's Body Found In Her Apartment 42 Years After She Died |url=https://toronto.citynews.ca/2008/05/16/womans-body-found-in-her-apartment-42-years-after-she-died/ |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=CityNews Toronto |date=May 16, 2008 |archive-date=2023-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103221043/https://toronto.citynews.ca/2008/05/16/womans-body-found-in-her-apartment-42-years-after-she-died/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[May 20]]–[[May 24|24]] – The [[Eurovision Song Contest 2008]] takes place in [[Belgrade]], [[Serbia]], and is won by [[Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008|Russian]] entrant [[Dima Bilan]] with the song "[[Believe (Dima Bilan song)|Believe]]".
* [[May 20]]–[[May 24|24]] – The [[Eurovision Song Contest 2008]] takes place in [[Belgrade]], [[Serbia]], and is won by [[Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008|Russian]] entrant [[Dima Bilan]] with the song "[[Believe (Dima Bilan song)|Believe]]".
* [[May 21]]
* [[May 21]]
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* [[September 5]] – [[Quentin Bryce]] becomes the first female [[Governor-General of Australia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gg.gov.au/biography-honourable-dame-quentin-bryce-ad-cvo| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819144932/https://www.gg.gov.au/biography-honourable-dame-quentin-bryce-ad-cvo| archive-date=2021-08-19|title=Biography – The Honourable Dame Quentin Bryce AD CVO|website=The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia|access-date=August 19, 2021}}</ref>
* [[September 5]] – [[Quentin Bryce]] becomes the first female [[Governor-General of Australia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gg.gov.au/biography-honourable-dame-quentin-bryce-ad-cvo| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819144932/https://www.gg.gov.au/biography-honourable-dame-quentin-bryce-ad-cvo| archive-date=2021-08-19|title=Biography – The Honourable Dame Quentin Bryce AD CVO|website=The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia|access-date=August 19, 2021}}</ref>
* [[September 10]] – The [[proton beam]] is circulated for the first time in the [[Large Hadron Collider]], the [[List of accelerators in particle physics#Hadron colliders|world's largest and highest-energy]] [[particle accelerator]], located at [[CERN]], near [[Geneva]], under the Franco-Swiss border.<ref name="JdQh8" /><ref name="1tfei" />
* [[September 10]] – The [[proton beam]] is circulated for the first time in the [[Large Hadron Collider]], the [[List of accelerators in particle physics#Hadron colliders|world's largest and highest-energy]] [[particle accelerator]], located at [[CERN]], near [[Geneva]], under the Franco-Swiss border.<ref name="JdQh8" /><ref name="1tfei" />
* [[September 12]] – A [[2008 Chatsworth train collision|train collision]] occurred in [[Chatsworth, California]], when a [[Metrolink (California)|Metrolink]] train and [[Union Pacific]] local collided head-on.
* [[September 13]] –  [[Hurricane Ike]] makes landfall as a category 2 hurricane in [[Texas]], killing 113 and causing over $30 billion in damages.
* [[September 13]] –  [[Hurricane Ike]] makes landfall as a category 2 hurricane in [[Texas]], killing 113 and causing over $30 billion in damages.
* [[September 15]] – Stocks fall sharply Monday on a triptych of Wall Street woe: [[Lehman Brothers]]' bankruptcy filing, [[Merrill Lynch]]'s acquisition by [[Bank of America]], and [[American International Group|AIG]]'s unprecedented request for short-term financing from the [[Federal Reserve]].<ref name="VxePx" />
* [[September 15]] – Stocks fall sharply Monday on a triptych of Wall Street woe: [[Lehman Brothers]]' bankruptcy filing, [[Merrill Lynch]]'s acquisition by [[Bank of America]], and [[American International Group|AIG]]'s unprecedented request for short-term financing from the [[Federal Reserve]].<ref name="VxePx" />
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* [[October 3]] – [[2008 financial crisis]]: [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] [[George W. Bush]] signs the revised [[Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008|Emergency Economic Stabilization Act]] into law, creating a [[Troubled Asset Relief Program|700 billion dollar Treasury fund]] to purchase failing bank [[asset]]s.<ref name="Associated Press-Raum-2008-10-03" />
* [[October 3]] – [[2008 financial crisis]]: [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] [[George W. Bush]] signs the revised [[Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008|Emergency Economic Stabilization Act]] into law, creating a [[Troubled Asset Relief Program|700 billion dollar Treasury fund]] to purchase failing bank [[asset]]s.<ref name="Associated Press-Raum-2008-10-03" />
*[[October 6]] – A controversial [[Peruvian]] tape regarding a [[Norway|Norwegian]] [[oil company]] causes the [[2008 Peru oil scandal]], sparking [[protest]]s which cause [[Jorge del Castillo|Jorge de Castillo]] to [[Resignation|resign from office]].<ref name="s5fxV" /><ref name="4KSLa" /><ref name="1X31j" /><ref name="1xnhk" />
*[[October 6]] – A controversial [[Peruvian]] tape regarding a [[Norway|Norwegian]] [[oil company]] causes the [[2008 Peru oil scandal]], sparking [[protest]]s which cause [[Jorge del Castillo|Jorge de Castillo]] to [[Resignation|resign from office]].<ref name="s5fxV" /><ref name="4KSLa" /><ref name="1X31j" /><ref name="1xnhk" />
*October 13 – Microsoft announces the name Windows 7 to the public.
* [[October 21]] – The [[Large Hadron Collider]] (LHC) is officially [[Inauguration|inaugurated]] at [[Geneva]].<ref name="lgOCn" /><ref name="exux6" /><ref name="j2gWy" /><ref name="tnapI" />
* [[October 21]] – The [[Large Hadron Collider]] (LHC) is officially [[Inauguration|inaugurated]] at [[Geneva]].<ref name="lgOCn" /><ref name="exux6" /><ref name="j2gWy" /><ref name="tnapI" />
* [[October 22]] – The [[ISRO|Indian Space Research Organisation]] successfully launches the [[Chandrayaan-1]] spacecraft on a [[Exploration of the Moon|lunar exploration]] mission.<ref name="1wmbS" /><ref name="hLQzh" />
* [[October 22]] – The [[ISRO|Indian Space Research Organisation]] successfully launches the [[Chandrayaan-1]] spacecraft on a [[Exploration of the Moon|lunar exploration]] mission.<ref name="1wmbS" /><ref name="hLQzh" />
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*[[November 19]] – Claudia Castillo of Spain becomes the first person to have a successful [[trachea]] [[Organ transplant|transplant]] using a [[Tissue engineering|tissue-engineered]] [[Organ (anatomy)|organ]].<ref name="aVL5l" />
*[[November 19]] – Claudia Castillo of Spain becomes the first person to have a successful [[trachea]] [[Organ transplant|transplant]] using a [[Tissue engineering|tissue-engineered]] [[Organ (anatomy)|organ]].<ref name="aVL5l" />
* [[November 20]] – The [[Buzzard Coulee meteorite]] falls in [[Saskatchewan]]. Reported to be 5 times brighter than the full moon and is seen in Alberta, Manitoba, and even North Dakota.
* [[November 20]] – The [[Buzzard Coulee meteorite]] falls in [[Saskatchewan]]. Reported to be 5 times brighter than the full moon and is seen in Alberta, Manitoba, and even North Dakota.
* [[November 26]]–[[November 29|29]] – Ten terrorists of the [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]], a Pakistan based terror group, carry out four days of coordinated bombing and shooting [[2008 Mumbai attacks|attacks]] across [[Mumbai]], killing 166 people. One terrorist, [[Ajmal Kasab]], was captured alive and executed in 2012.<ref name="Mumbai" />
* [[November 26]]–[[November 29|29]] – Ten terrorists of the [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]], a Pakistan-based terror group, carry out four days of coordinated bombing and shooting [[2008 Mumbai attacks|attacks]] across [[Mumbai]], killing 166 people. One terrorist, [[Ajmal Kasab]], was captured alive and executed in 2012.<ref name="Mumbai" />
* [[November 27]] – [[XL Airways Germany Flight 888T]]. An [[Airbus A320 family|Airbus A320]] due to be redelivered to [[Air New Zealand]] stalls and crashes over [[Mediterranean Sea]]  resulting the deaths of 7
* [[November 27]] – [[XL Airways Germany Flight 888T]]. An [[Airbus A320 family|Airbus A320]] due to be redelivered to [[Air New Zealand]] stalls and crashes over [[Mediterranean Sea]]  resulting the deaths of 7


===December===
===December===
*[[December 6]] – The [[Murder of Alexandros Grigoropulos|police shooting of 15-year-old Alexandros Grigoropulos]] lead to [[2008 Greek riots|riots across Greece]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2008-12-09 |title=Protests as Athens funeral held |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7772645.stm |access-date=2025-11-12 |work=[[BBC News]] |language=en-GB}}</ref>
*[[December 10]] – The [[Channel Islands|Channel Island]] of [[Sark]], a British [[Crown Dependencies|Crown dependency]], holds its [[2008 Sark general election|first fully democratic elections]] under a new constitutional arrangement, becoming the last European territory to abolish [[feudalism]].<ref name="jGiwP" />
*[[December 10]] – The [[Channel Islands|Channel Island]] of [[Sark]], a British [[Crown Dependencies|Crown dependency]], holds its [[2008 Sark general election|first fully democratic elections]] under a new constitutional arrangement, becoming the last European territory to abolish [[feudalism]].<ref name="jGiwP" />
*[[December 11]] – [[Bernie Madoff|Bernard Madoff]] is arrested for [[securities fraud]] after he was turned in by his sons for operating the largest [[Ponzi scheme]] in history, later known as the [[Madoff investment scandal]].
*[[December 11]] – [[Bernie Madoff|Bernard Madoff]] is arrested for [[securities fraud]] after he was turned in by his sons for operating the largest [[Ponzi scheme]] in history, later known as the [[Madoff investment scandal]].
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=== Date unknown ===
=== Date unknown ===
*[[European Certification and Qualification Association]] is founded.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Messnarz |first=Richard |last2=and |first2=others |title=The Architecture of the ECQA – European Certification and Qualification Association |url=https://www.etcaats.eu/resources/2_chapter1-part2-eu-certificates-architecture-v3a.pdf?i=etcaats |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524160301/https://www.etcaats.eu/resources/2_chapter1-part2-eu-certificates-architecture-v3a.pdf?i=etcaats |archive-date=May 24, 2022 |access-date=22 July 2022 |website=ETCAATS}}</ref>
*[[European Certification and Qualification Association]] is founded.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Messnarz |first1=Richard |last2=and |first2=others |title=The Architecture of the ECQA – European Certification and Qualification Association |url=https://www.etcaats.eu/resources/2_chapter1-part2-eu-certificates-architecture-v3a.pdf?i=etcaats |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524160301/https://www.etcaats.eu/resources/2_chapter1-part2-eu-certificates-architecture-v3a.pdf?i=etcaats |archive-date=May 24, 2022 |access-date=22 July 2022 |website=ETCAATS}}</ref>
*[[National Disaster Recovery Fund]], a disaster management fund is established by the [[Government of Jamaica]].<ref name="Diaspora">{{cite web |url= http://jamaicandiaspora.gov.jm/diaspora/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=14&Itemid=28&limit=5&limitstart=5 |title= US-Based Jamaicans Urged to Support National Disaster Recovery Fund |publisher= The Jamaican Diaspora |date= September 2008 |accessdate= April 17, 2009 |url-status= dead |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110722070709/http://jamaicandiaspora.gov.jm/diaspora/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=14&Itemid=28&limit=5&limitstart=5 |archivedate= July 22, 2011 }}</ref>
*[[National Disaster Recovery Fund]], a disaster management fund is established by the [[Government of Jamaica]].<ref name="Diaspora">{{cite web |url= http://jamaicandiaspora.gov.jm/diaspora/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=14&Itemid=28&limit=5&limitstart=5 |title= US-Based Jamaicans Urged to Support National Disaster Recovery Fund |publisher= The Jamaican Diaspora |date= September 2008 |accessdate= April 17, 2009 |url-status= dead |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110722070709/http://jamaicandiaspora.gov.jm/diaspora/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=14&Itemid=28&limit=5&limitstart=5 |archivedate= July 22, 2011 }}</ref>


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<ref name="cluster">{{Cite web |title=6. Convention on Cluster Munitions |url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/MTDSG/Volume%20II/Chapter%20XXVI/XXVI-6.en.pdf |website=United Nations Treaty Collection |access-date=December 21, 2023 |language=EN |archive-date=November 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121060029/https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/MTDSG/Volume%20II/Chapter%20XXVI/XXVI-6.en.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="cluster">{{Cite web |title=6. Convention on Cluster Munitions |url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/MTDSG/Volume%20II/Chapter%20XXVI/XXVI-6.en.pdf |website=United Nations Treaty Collection |access-date=December 21, 2023 |language=EN |archive-date=November 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121060029/https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/MTDSG/Volume%20II/Chapter%20XXVI/XXVI-6.en.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="bbc march 2010">{{cite news
<ref name="bbc march 2010">{{cite news
   | url  = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8586440.stm
   | url  = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8586440.stm
| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211014/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8586440.stm
| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211014/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8586440.stm
| archive-date=2021-10-14  | title = North Korea issues warning over Mount Kumgang tour ban
| archive-date=2021-10-14  | title = North Korea issues warning over Mount Kumgang tour ban
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   | archive-date = May 16, 2008
   | archive-date = May 16, 2008
   }}</ref>
   }}</ref>
<ref name="UdyTv">{{Cite news |last=Landler |first=Mark |last2=Timmons |first2=Heather |date=January 21, 2008 |title=Stocks Plunge Worldwide on Fears of a U.S. Recession |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/21/business/22stox-web.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211195300/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/21/business/22stox-web.html |archive-date=December 11, 2008 |access-date=November 21, 2008 |work=The New York Times}}</ref>
<ref name="UdyTv">{{Cite news |last1=Landler |first1=Mark |last2=Timmons |first2=Heather |date=January 21, 2008 |title=Stocks Plunge Worldwide on Fears of a U.S. Recession |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/21/business/22stox-web.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211195300/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/21/business/22stox-web.html |archive-date=December 11, 2008 |access-date=November 21, 2008 |work=The New York Times}}</ref>
<ref name="sx8F7">{{Cite web |last=Richards |first=Jonathan |date=January 25, 2008 |title=Hackers Declare War on Scientology – Science News {{!}} Science & Technology |url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,325586,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510074500/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,325586,00.html |archive-date=May 10, 2011 |access-date=2021-03-12 |website=[[Fox News]]}}</ref>
<ref name="vOwe0">{{Cite web |date=2008-03-23 |title=Scientology is under attack from a faceless cabal of online activists. Has America's most controversial religion finally met its match? |url=http://www.radaronline.com/from-the-magazine/2008/03/scientology_anonymous_protests_tom_cruise_01.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080323063402/http://www.radaronline.com/from-the-magazine/2008/03/scientology_anonymous_protests_tom_cruise_01.php |archive-date=March 23, 2008 |access-date=2021-03-12 |website=Radar Online}}</ref>
<ref name="phLJJ">{{Cite web
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  | url-status  = dead
  | archive-date = 2012-09-21
  | access-date = 2021-03-12
  | website    = archive.ph
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<ref name="waVoL">{{Cite web|date=2008-08-21|title=Hacker Group Declares War On Scientology – News Story – KNBC {{!}} Los Angeles|url=http://www.knbc.com/news/15132759/detail.html|access-date=2021-03-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821132355/http://www.knbc.com/news/15132759/detail.html|archive-date=August 21, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name="muTyR">{{Cite news
<ref name="muTyR">{{Cite news
   | last        = MAR
   | last        = MAR
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   | issn        = 1059-1028
   | issn        = 1059-1028
   }}{{cbignore}}</ref>
   }}{{cbignore}}</ref>
<ref name="LqoSy">{{Cite web|date=2008-07-05|title=Anonymous Versus Scientology: Cyber Criminals or Vigilante Justice? {{!}} The Legality|url=http://www.thelegality.com/archives/22|access-date=2021-03-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705202321/http://www.thelegality.com/archives/22|archive-date=July 5, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name="yECdo">{{Cite web
  | date        = 2008-03-28
  | title        = Group Lines Road To Protest Church Of Scientology – Orlando News Story – WKMG Orlando
  | url          = http://www.local6.com/news/15205679/detail.html
  | access-date  = 2021-03-12
  | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20080328184704/http://www.local6.com/news/15205679/detail.html
  | archive-date = March 28, 2008
  }}</ref>
<ref name="cAfgG">{{Cite news
<ref name="cAfgG">{{Cite news
   | url          = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7204898.stm
   | url          = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7204898.stm
   | title        = Eastern Congo peace deal signed
   | title        = Eastern Congo peace deal signed
   | date        = January 23, 2008
   | date        = January 23, 2008
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   | url-status  = live
   | url-status  = live
   }}</ref>
   }}</ref>
<ref name="zp1Ze">{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7302002.stm|title='Deadly clashes' in the Comoros|website=BBC News|date=March 18, 2008|access-date=December 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080319163123/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7302002.stm|archive-date=March 19, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="zp1Ze">{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7302002.stm|title='Deadly clashes' in the Comoros|website=BBC News|date=March 18, 2008|access-date=December 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080319163123/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7302002.stm|archive-date=March 19, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="n1gHV">{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/7396313.stm|title=Cameron urges aid drops for Burma|website=BBC News|date=May 12, 2008|access-date=December 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228125023/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/7396313.stm|archive-date=December 28, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="n1gHV">{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7396313.stm|title=Cameron urges aid drops for Burma|website=BBC News|date=May 12, 2008|access-date=December 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228125023/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/7396313.stm|archive-date=December 28, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="qTiUB">{{Cite news
<ref name="qTiUB">{{Cite news
   | url          = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-22398684
   | url          = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-22398684
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   | url-status  = live
   | url-status  = live
   }}</ref>
   }}</ref>
<ref name="ammdU">{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7417896.stm|title=South America nations found union|website=BBC News|date=May 23, 2008|access-date=December 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123113542/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7417896.stm|archive-date=January 23, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="ammdU">{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7417896.stm|title=South America nations found union|website=BBC News|date=May 23, 2008|access-date=December 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123113542/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7417896.stm|archive-date=January 23, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="xu7ho">{{Cite news
<ref name="xu7ho">{{Cite news
   | url          = http://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/the-asian-way-to-settle-disputes
   | url          = http://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/the-asian-way-to-settle-disputes
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   | url-status  = dead
   | url-status  = dead
   }}</ref>
   }}</ref>
<ref name="VCANV">{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7424302.stm|title=Nepal votes to abolish monarchy|website=BBC News|date=May 28, 2008|access-date=December 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107130737/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7424302.stm|archive-date=January 7, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="VCANV">{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7424302.stm|title=Nepal votes to abolish monarchy|website=BBC News|date=May 28, 2008|access-date=December 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107130737/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7424302.stm|archive-date=January 7, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="PDVLU">{{Cite news
<ref name="PDVLU">{{Cite news
   | url          = https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/nasa-knows/what-is-the-fermi-telescope-k4.html
   | url          = https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/nasa-knows/what-is-the-fermi-telescope-k4.html
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   | url          = https://www.ctvnews.ca/harper-apologizes-for-residential-school-abuse-1.301603
   | url          = https://www.ctvnews.ca/harper-apologizes-for-residential-school-abuse-1.301603
   | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20080709021317/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20080610/native_apology_080611/20080611?hub=TopStories
   | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20080709021317/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20080610/native_apology_080611/20080611?hub=TopStories
   | url-status  = live
   | url-status  = dead
   | archive-date = July 9, 2008
   | archive-date = July 9, 2008
   | title        = Harper apologizes for residential school abuse
   | title        = Harper apologizes for residential school abuse
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   }}</ref>
   }}</ref>
<ref name="7KMHp">{{Cite news
<ref name="7KMHp">{{Cite news
   | url          = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7518543.stm
   | url          = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7518543.stm
   | title        = Serbia captures fugitive Karadzic
   | title        = Serbia captures fugitive Karadzic
   | website      = BBC News
   | website      = BBC News
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   | url-status  = live
   | url-status  = live
   }}</ref>
   }}</ref>
<ref name="nuVDF">{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7544834.stm|title=Troops stage coup in Mauritania|website=BBC News|date=August 6, 2008|access-date=December 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807011413/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7544834.stm|archive-date=August 7, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="nuVDF">{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7544834.stm|title=Troops stage coup in Mauritania|website=BBC News|date=August 6, 2008|access-date=December 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807011413/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7544834.stm|archive-date=August 7, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="zc8qK">{{Cite news
<ref name="zc8qK">{{Cite news
   | url          = https://boston.com/bigpicture/2008/08/beijing_2008_its_a_wrap.html
   | url          = https://boston.com/bigpicture/2008/08/beijing_2008_its_a_wrap.html
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   }}</ref>
   }}</ref>
<ref name="3fIg2">{{Cite news
<ref name="3fIg2">{{Cite news
   | url          = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7627135.stm
   | url          = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/7627135.stm
   | title        = Dozens killed in Pakistan attack
   | title        = Dozens killed in Pakistan attack
   | work        = BBC News
   | work        = BBC News
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   }}</ref>
   }}</ref>
<ref name="mJgTp">{{Cite news
<ref name="mJgTp">{{Cite news
   | url          = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7641287.stm
   | url          = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7641287.stm
   | title        = Falcon rocket success for SpaceX
   | title        = Falcon rocket success for SpaceX
   | work        = BBC News
   | work        = BBC News
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   | title      = Oil contract scandal shakes Peru
   | title      = Oil contract scandal shakes Peru
   | language    = en-GB
   | language    = en-GB
   | url        = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7656500.stm
   | url        = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/7656500.stm
   | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211014/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7656500.stm
   | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211014/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7656500.stm
   |  archive-date=2021-10-14
   |  archive-date=2021-10-14
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   | title      = Protesters decry Peru corruption
   | title      = Protesters decry Peru corruption
   | language    = en-GB
   | language    = en-GB
   | url        = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7658360.stm
   | url        = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7658360.stm
   | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211014/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7658360.stm
   | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211014/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7658360.stm
   | archive-date=2021-10-14
   | archive-date=2021-10-14
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   | title      = Oil row brings down Peru cabinet
   | title      = Oil row brings down Peru cabinet
   | language    = en-GB
   | language    = en-GB
   | url        = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7664803.stm
   | url        = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7664803.stm
   | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211014/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7664803.stm
   | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211014/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7664803.stm
   | archive-date=2021-10-14
   | archive-date=2021-10-14
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   }}</ref>
   }}</ref>
<ref name="j2gWy">{{cite web
<ref name="j2gWy">{{cite web
   | url          = http://lhc-first-beam.web.cern.ch/lhc%2Dfirst%2Dbeam/News/FinalLHCsyncTest.html
   | url          = https://lhc-first-beam.web.cern.ch/lhc%2Dfirst%2Dbeam/News/FinalLHCsyncTest.html
   | title        = Final LHC Synchronization Test a Success
   | title        = Final LHC Synchronization Test a Success
   | access-date  = July 8, 2011
   | access-date  = July 8, 2011
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   }}</ref>
   }}</ref>
<ref name="1wmbS">{{Cite news
<ref name="1wmbS">{{Cite news
   | url          = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7679818.stm
   | url          = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7679818.stm
   | title        = India launches first Moon mission
   | title        = India launches first Moon mission
   | date        = October 22, 2008
   | date        = October 22, 2008
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   }}</ref>
   }}</ref>
<ref name="ES3XU">{{cite news
<ref name="ES3XU">{{cite news
   | url          = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/us_elections_2008/7709978.stm
   | url          = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/us_elections_2008/7709978.stm
   | title        = Obama wins historic US election
   | title        = Obama wins historic US election
   | date        = November 5, 2008
   | date        = November 5, 2008
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   }}</ref>
   }}</ref>
<ref name="aVL5l">{{Cite news
<ref name="aVL5l">{{Cite news
   | url          = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7735696.stm
   | url          = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7735696.stm
   | title        = Windpipe transplant breakthrough
   | title        = Windpipe transplant breakthrough
   | work        = BBC News
   | work        = BBC News
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   }}</ref>
   }}</ref>
<ref name="47sj5">{{cite web
<ref name="47sj5">{{cite web
   | url          = http://www.csmonitor.com/2009/0113/p01s04-wome.html
   | url          = https://www.csmonitor.com/2009/0113/p01s04-wome.html
   | first        = Ilene R.
   | first        = Ilene R.
   | last        = Prusher
   | last        = Prusher
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}}
}}
== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite journal |last1=Harbom |first1=Lotta |last2=Wallensteen |first2=Peter |date=2009 |title=Armed Conflicts, 1946–2008 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25654437 |journal=[[Journal of Peace Research]] |volume=46 |issue=4 |pages=577–587 |doi=10.1177/0022343309339112 |jstor=25654437 |issn=0022-3433}}
* {{Cite report |url=https://population.un.org/wpp/downloads?folder=Standard%20Projections&group=Most%20used |title=World Population Prospects 2024 |date=2024 |publisher=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs |ref={{harvid|UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs|2024}}}}
* {{Cite report |url=https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/policy/wesp/wesp_archive/2009wesp.pdf |title=World Economic Situation and Prospects 2009 |date=2009 |publisher=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs |isbn=9789211560480 |ref={{harvid|UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs|2009}}}}
* {{Cite report |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/666895?ln=en&v=pdf |title=2008 Global Trends |date=2009 |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |ref={{harvid|UN High Commissioner for Refugees|2009}}}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
* [http://www.accuracyproject.org/2008calendar.html 2008 Calendar] at Internet Accuracy Project
* [https://www.accuracyproject.org/2008calendar.html 2008 Calendar] at Internet Accuracy Project
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2008 is designated as:

The Great Recession, a worldwide recession which began in 2007, continued through the entirety of 2008.

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Population

The world population on January 1, 2008, was estimated to be 6.801 billion people and increased to 6.888 billion people by January 1, 2009.Template:Sfn An estimated 141.8 million births and 54.0 million deaths took place in 2008.Template:Sfn The average global life expectancy was 69.3 years, an increase of 0.3 years from 2007.Template:Sfn The estimated number of global refugees decreased from 11.4 million to 10.5 million by the end of the year.Template:Sfn The largest sources of refugees were Afghanistan with 2.8 million people and Iraq with 1.9 million people.Template:Sfn

Conflicts

There were 37 conflicts in 2008 that resulted in at least 25 fatalities, five of which resulted in at least 1,000 fatalities: the Iraqi insurgency, the Taliban insurgency, conflict with the Pakistani Taliban, Eelam War IV in Sri Lanka, and the Somali Civil War.Template:Sfn[5] A border conflict broke out for two days between Djibouti and Eritrea, ending with Eritrean occupation of the disputed area, Ras Doumeira. This was the first conflict in four years where two sovereign states fought each other directly.Template:Sfn The Russo-Georgian War occurred in August when Georgia engaged in warfare with the breakaway state South Ossetia following a series of skirmishes. Russia backed South Ossetia and sent 10,000 soldiers into the fight, progressing further into Georgia until a ceasefire was established.Template:Sfn Two separatist rebel groups escalated conflict in India: Dima Halam Daogah sought a Dimasa state and the United National Liberation Front sought a Manipuri state.Template:Sfn

Peace talks were held between Uganda and the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) to end the LRA's insurgency, but LRA leader Joseph Kony refused to attend a final peace agreement and government operations against the LRA resumed in December.Template:Sfn Peace talks were also held for the Central African Bush War and the Somali Civil War, but rebels were unable to reach final agreements in these conflicts. The National Forces of Liberation resumed its insurgency in Burundi when peace talks collapsed in January, but a ceasefire was established in December. Progress was made toward peace in the First Ivorian Civil War with preparations to integrate the Forces Nouvelles de Côte d'Ivoire into the Ivorian military.Template:Sfn

Culture

The highest-grossing film globally in 2008 was The Dark Knight, followed by Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull and Kung Fu Panda.[6] The best-selling album globally in 2008 was Viva La Vida Or Death And All His Friends by Coldplay, followed by Black Ice by AC/DC and Mamma Mia! The Movie Soundtrack.[7]

Economy

The economy underwent a global financial crisis in 2008 following the American subprime mortgage crisis from the previous year, causing the worst recession since the Great Depression. The economy was affected by bank failures, stock market crashes, and credit freezes.Template:Sfn A dramatic escalation in September prompted international efforts to restore consumer confidence and resolve credit freezes. Measures such as bailouts for financial institutions and liquidity injections were implemented throughout the year.Template:Sfn

Gross world product increased by approximately 2.5% in 2008.Template:Sfn International trade grew by 4.3%, slowing from the 6.4% growth in 2007. Commodity prices continued their previous upward trajectory until half way into the year when they dropped sharply. The price of oil was especially affected with its 60% drop.Template:Sfn

The Follow-up International Conference on Financing for Development to Review the Implementation of the Monterrey Consensus was held in November and December in Doha to continue talks on global economic reform.Template:Sfn

Events

January

February

March

April

  • April 29 – Grand Theft Auto IV is released worldwide, selling over 3.6 million units and earning $310 million during the first day, becoming not only the highest grossing video game release of all time, but also the highest grossing entertainment product release ever.[29]

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Date unknown

Births and deaths

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Nobel Prizes

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New English words

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See also

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ United Nations General Assembly Session 60 Resolution 192. Template:Replace Template:Replace Script error: No such module "auto date formatter".. Retrieved Script error: No such module "auto date formatter"..
  3. ↑ United Nations General Assembly Session 60 Resolution 191. Template:Replace International Year of the Potato, 2008 Template:Replace page 1. Script error: No such module "auto date formatter".. Retrieved Script error: No such module "auto date formatter"..
  4. ↑ United Nations General Assembly Session 61 Resolution 192. Template:Replace Template:Replace page 2. Script error: No such module "auto date formatter".. Retrieved Script error: No such module "auto date formatter"..
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  8. ↑ Cyprus and Malta set to join eurozone in 2008 Template:Webarchive, EurActiv
  9. ↑ Akrotiri and Dhekelia adopt the euro, EUbusiness (ISO 4217 code: VEF). Template:Webarchive
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  62. ↑ Raum, Tom (October 3, 2008) Bush signs $700 billion bailout bill Template:Webarchive Associated Press. Retrieved October 3, 2008.
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  80. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  81. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  83. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  87. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  88. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  89. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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Bibliography

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External links

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