Georges Charpak: Difference between revisions

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| image            = CHARPAK Georges-24x50-2005 cropped.JPG
| image            = CHARPAK Georges-24x50-2005 cropped.JPG
| caption          = Charpak in 2005
| caption          = Charpak in 2005
| birth_name        = Jerzy Charpak
| birth_name        =  
| birth_date        = {{birth date|df=y|1924|8|1}}
| birth_date        = {{birth date|df=y|1924|8|1}}
| birth_place      = [[Dubrovytsia|Dąbrowica]], [[Wołyń Voivodeship (1921-1939)|Wołyń Voivodeship]], [[Second Polish Republic]]
| birth_place      = [[Dubrovytsia|Dąbrowica]], [[Wołyń Voivodeship (1921-1939)|Wołyń Voivodeship]], [[Second Polish Republic]]
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| doctoral_advisor  = [[Frédéric Joliot-Curie]]
| doctoral_advisor  = [[Frédéric Joliot-Curie]]
}}
}}
'''Georges Charpak''' ({{IPA|fr|ʒɔʁʒ ʃaʁpak|lang}}; born '''Jerzy Charpak'''; 1 August 1924 – 29 September 2010) was a Polish-born French [[physicist]] who received the [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] in 1992 for his invention of the [[multiwire proportional chamber]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Earth Times {{!}} News and Information about Environmental Issues |url=https://earthtimes.org/ |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=earthtimes.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Giomataris | first1 = I. | title = Georges Charpak (1924–2010) | doi = 10.1038/4671048a | journal = Nature | volume = 467 | issue = 7319 | pages = 1048 | year = 2010 | pmid =  20981084|bibcode = 2010Natur.467.1048G | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Georges Charpak: Nobel Physics Prize 1992 |journal=CERN Courier |date=December 1992 |volume=32 |issue=10 |pages=1–6 |url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/1731985?ln=el |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150310002943/https://cds.cern.ch/record/1731985?ln=el |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-03-10 }}</ref>
'''Hersz Georges Charpak''' ({{IPA|fr|ʒɔʁʒ ʃaʁpak|lang}}; 1 August 1924 – 29 September 2010) was a Polish-born French [[physicist]] who received the [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] in 1992 for his invention of the [[multiwire proportional chamber]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Earth Times {{!}} News and Information about Environmental Issues |url=https://earthtimes.org/ |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=earthtimes.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Giomataris | first1 = I. | title = Georges Charpak (1924–2010) | doi = 10.1038/4671048a | journal = Nature | volume = 467 | issue = 7319 | pages = 1048 | year = 2010 | pmid =  20981084|bibcode = 2010Natur.467.1048G | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Georges Charpak: Nobel Physics Prize 1992 |journal=CERN Courier |date=December 1992 |volume=32 |issue=10 |pages=1–6 |url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/1731985?ln=el |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150310002943/https://cds.cern.ch/record/1731985?ln=el |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-03-10 }}</ref>


==Life==
==Life==
Georges Charpak was born on 1 August 1924<ref>[https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1992/charpak/facts/ "Georges Charpak: Facts"]</ref> as Jerzy Charpak to [[Jewish]] parents, Anna (Szapiro) and Maurice Charpak, in the village of Dąbrowica in [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]] (now [[Dubrovytsia]] in [[Ukraine]]). Charpak's family moved from [[Poland]] to [[Paris]] when he was seven years old, beginning his study of mathematics in 1941 at the [[Lycée Saint-Louis]].<ref name="Scientific Information Service ">CERN {{cite book| url = http://library.web.cern.ch/library/Archives/isad/isacharpak.html| title = Scientific Information Service - Archive| publisher = CERN| access-date = 2012-01-29| archive-date = 2012-02-14| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120214055231/http://library.web.cern.ch/library/Archives/isad/isacharpak.html| url-status = dead}}</ref> The actor and film director [[André Charpak]] was his younger brother.
Georges Charpak was born on 1 August 1924<ref>[https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1992/charpak/facts/ "Georges Charpak: Facts"]</ref> to [[Jewish]] parents, Chana (Szapiro) and Maurice Charpak, in the village of Dąbrowica in [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]] (now [[Dubrovytsia]] in [[Ukraine]]). Charpak's family moved from [[Poland]] to [[Paris]] when he was seven years old, beginning his study of mathematics in 1941 at the [[Lycée Saint-Louis]].<ref name="Scientific Information Service ">CERN {{cite book| url = http://library.web.cern.ch/library/Archives/isad/isacharpak.html| title = Scientific Information Service - Archive| publisher = CERN| access-date = 2012-01-29| archive-date = 2012-02-14| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120214055231/http://library.web.cern.ch/library/Archives/isad/isacharpak.html| url-status = dead}}</ref> The actor and film director [[André Charpak]] was his younger brother.


During [[World War II]] Charpak served in the [[French Resistance|resistance]] and was imprisoned by [[Vichy France|Vichy]] authorities in 1943. In 1944 he was deported to the [[Nazis|Nazi]] [[concentration camp]] at [[Dachau concentration camp|Dachau]], where he remained until the camp was liberated in 1945.
During [[World War II]] Charpak served in the [[French Resistance|resistance]] and was imprisoned by [[Vichy France|Vichy]] authorities in 1943. In 1944 he was deported to the [[Nazis|Nazi]] [[concentration camp]] at [[Dachau concentration camp|Dachau]], where he remained until the camp was liberated in 1945.


After ''[[Classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles|classes préparatoires]]'' studies at [[Lycée Saint-Louis]] in Paris and later at [[Citadel of Montpellier|Lycée Joffre]] in Montpellier,<ref>[http://www.lyceejoffre.net/cpge/blog/2010/10/15/georges-charpak-1924-2010/#more-899 "Tribulations d'un immigré d'Europe centrale, Georges Charpak"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324223102/http://www.lyceejoffre.net/cpge/blog/2010/10/15/georges-charpak-1924-2010/#more-899 |date=2012-03-24 }} on Lycée Joffre website {{in lang|fr}}</ref> he joined in 1945 the Paris-based [[École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris|École des Mines]], one of the most prestigious engineering schools in France. The following year he became a naturalized French citizen. He graduated in 1948, earning the French degree of ''Civil Engineer of Mines'' (''Ingénieur Civil des Mines'' equivalent to a [[Master's degree]]) becoming a pupil in the laboratory of [[Frédéric Joliot-Curie]] at the [[Collège de France]] during 1949,<ref name="Scientific Information Service "/><ref>{{Cite book |last=Charpak |first=Georges |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wm9FPYS_JxEC&dq=Georg+Charpak+thesis+very+low+energy+emission&pg=PR7 |title=Research on Particle Imaging Detectors |date=1995 |publisher=World Scientific |isbn=978-981-02-1902-4 |language=en}}</ref> the year after Curie had directed construction of the first ''atomic pile'' within France.<ref>"Frédéric Joliot - Biography". [https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1935/joliot-fred-bio.html Nobelprize.org.] 29 Jan 2012  + [ ''atomic pile'' = [http://www.fi.edu/learn/case-files/fermi/pile.html fi] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126061143/http://www.fi.edu/learn/case-files/fermi/pile.html |date=2012-01-26 }} + [http://www.anl.gov/Science_and_Technology/History/Anniversary_Frontiers/10photo.html anl] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218065133/http://www.anl.gov/Science_and_Technology/History/Anniversary_Frontiers/10photo.html |date=2012-02-18 }} +  [https://archive.today/20120711215834/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/pile?region=us us] ]</ref> While at the Collège, Charpak secured a research position<ref name="Scientific Information Service "/> for the [[Centre national de la recherche scientifique|National Centre for Scientific Research]] (CNRS). He received his PhD in 1954<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Charpak |first1=G. |last2=Suzor |first2=F. |date=1954-05-01 |title= Étude expérimentale des électrons de l'atome résiduel éjectés de leurs orbites lors de la désintégration de <sup>32</sup>P|journal=Journal de Physique et le Radium |language=French |volume=15 |issue=5 |pages=378–380 |doi=10.1051/jphysrad:01954001505037802|osti=4395224 }}</ref> in [[nuclear physics]] at the Collège de France, receiving the qualification after having written a thesis on the subject of very-low-energy radiation due to disintegration of nuclei (Charpak & Suzor).<ref name="Scientific Information Service "/><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1051/jphysrad:01959002006064700 |url=http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/23/61/12/PDF/ajp-jphysrad_1959_20_6_647_0.pdf |title=Étude des électrons et des raies X d'autoionisation émis simultanément avec le rayonnement β du prometheum 147 |year=1959 |last1=Suzor |first1=F. |last2=Charpak |first2=G. |journal=Journal de Physique et le Radium |language=French |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=647–648 }}</ref>
After ''[[Classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles|classes préparatoires]]'' studies at [[Lycée Saint-Louis]] in Paris and later at [[Citadel of Montpellier|Lycée Joffre]] in Montpellier,<ref>[http://www.lyceejoffre.net/cpge/blog/2010/10/15/georges-charpak-1924-2010/#more-899 "Tribulations d'un immigré d'Europe centrale, Georges Charpak"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324223102/http://www.lyceejoffre.net/cpge/blog/2010/10/15/georges-charpak-1924-2010/#more-899 |date=2012-03-24 }} on Lycée Joffre website {{in lang|fr}}</ref> he joined in 1945 the Paris-based [[École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris|École des Mines]], one of the most prestigious engineering schools in France. The following year he became a naturalized French citizen. He graduated in 1948, earning the French degree of ''Civil Engineer of Mines'' (''Ingénieur Civil des Mines'' equivalent to a [[Master's degree]]) becoming a pupil in the laboratory of [[Frédéric Joliot-Curie]] at the [[Collège de France]] during 1949,<ref name="Scientific Information Service "/><ref>{{Cite book |last=Charpak |first=Georges |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wm9FPYS_JxEC&dq=Georg+Charpak+thesis+very+low+energy+emission&pg=PR7 |title=Research on Particle Imaging Detectors |date=1995 |publisher=World Scientific |isbn=978-981-02-1902-4 |language=en}}</ref> the year after Curie had directed construction of the first ''atomic pile'' within France.<ref>"Frédéric Joliot - Biography". [https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1935/joliot-fred-bio.html Nobelprize.org.] 29 Jan 2012  + [ ''atomic pile'' = [http://www.fi.edu/learn/case-files/fermi/pile.html fi] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126061143/http://www.fi.edu/learn/case-files/fermi/pile.html |date=2012-01-26 }} + [http://www.anl.gov/Science_and_Technology/History/Anniversary_Frontiers/10photo.html anl] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218065133/http://www.anl.gov/Science_and_Technology/History/Anniversary_Frontiers/10photo.html |date=2012-02-18 }} +  [https://archive.today/20120711215834/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/pile?region=us us] ]</ref> While at the Collège, Charpak secured a research position<ref name="Scientific Information Service "/> for the [[Centre national de la recherche scientifique|National Centre for Scientific Research]] (CNRS). He received his PhD in 1954<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Charpak |first1=G. |last2=Suzor |first2=F. |date=1954-05-01 |title= Étude expérimentale des électrons de l'atome résiduel éjectés de leurs orbites lors de la désintégration de <sup>32</sup>P|journal=Journal de Physique et le Radium |language=French |volume=15 |issue=5 |pages=378–380 |doi=10.1051/jphysrad:01954001505037802|osti=4395224 |url=https://hal.science/jpa-00234939 }}</ref> in [[nuclear physics]] at the Collège de France, receiving the qualification after having written a thesis on the subject of very-low-energy radiation due to disintegration of nuclei (Charpak & Suzor).<ref name="Scientific Information Service "/><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1051/jphysrad:01959002006064700 |url=http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/23/61/12/PDF/ajp-jphysrad_1959_20_6_647_0.pdf |title=Étude des électrons et des raies X d'autoionisation émis simultanément avec le rayonnement β du prometheum 147 |year=1959 |last1=Suzor |first1=F. |last2=Charpak |first2=G. |journal=Journal de Physique et le Radium |language=French |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=647–648 }}</ref>


In 1959, he joined the staff of [[CERN]] ([[CERN|European Organization for Nuclear Research]]) in [[Geneva]], where he invented and developed<ref>{{Cite journal |doi = 10.1016/0029-554X(70)90872-4|title = Investigation of some properties of multiwire proportional chambers|journal = Nuclear Instruments and Methods|volume = 88|issue = 1|pages = 149–161|year = 1970|last1 = Bouclier|first1 = R.|last2 = Charpak|first2 = G.|last3 = Dimčovski|first3 = Z.|last4 = Fischer|first4 = G.|last5 = Sauli|first5 = F.|last6 = Coignet|first6 = G.|last7 = Flügge|first7 = G.|bibcode = 1970NucIM..88..149B}}</ref> the [[multiwire proportional chamber]]. The chamber was patented and that quickly superseded the old bubble chambers, allowing for better data processing.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Giomataris|first1=Ioannis|title=Georges Charpak-a true man of science|journal=CERN Courier|date=December 2010|volume=50|issue=10|pages=33–36|url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/1734475}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Catapano|first1=Paola|title=Georges Charpak: hardwired for science|journal=CERN Courier|date=March 2009|volume=42|issue=2|pages=24–28|url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/1734347}}</ref> This new creation had been made public during 1968.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-12-31 |title=Milestones:CERN Experimental Instrumentation, 1968 |url=https://ethw.org/Milestones:CERN_Experimental_Instrumentation,_1968 |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=ETHW |language=en}}</ref> Charpak was later to become a joint inventor with Nlolc and Policarpo of the scintillation drift chamber during the latter parts of the 1970s.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Aprile |first1=Elena |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tsnHM8x6cHAC&dq=drift+chamber+Charpak+patent&pg=PA198 |title=Noble Gas Detectors |last2=Bolotnikov |first2=Aleksey E. |last3=Bolozdynya |first3=Alexander I. |last4=Doke |first4=Tadayoshi |date=2007-02-27 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-3-527-60963-5 |language=en}}</ref> He eventually retired from CERN in 1991. In 1980, Georges Charpak became professor-in-residence at École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles in Paris ([[ESPCI]]) and held the Joliot-Curie Chair there in 1984.  This is where he developed and demonstrated the powerful applications of the particle detectors he invented, most notably for enabling better health diagnostics.
He remained politically engaged: in 1972, together with [[Daniele Amati]], he launched a petition against the Vietnam War. Several years later, he initiated the [[Yuri Orlov|Juri Orlow]] Committee to protest the impressionment of the human rights activist in the former Soviet Union.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Protest that Never Was: Silencing Political Activism at CERN Before and During the Vietnam War|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00016-024-00317-6|journal=Physics in Perspective|date=2024-12-01|issn=1422-6960|pages=211–236|volume=26|issue=3|doi=10.1007/s00016-024-00317-6|language=en|first=Barbara|last=Hof|first2=Gerardo|last2=Ienna|first3=Simone|last3=Turchetti}}</ref>
He was the co-founder of a number of start-up in the biolab arena, including Molecular Engines Laboratories, Biospace Instruments and SuperSonic Imagine – together with [[Mathias Fink]]. He was elected to the [[French Academy of Sciences]] on 20 May 1985.


Georges Charpak was awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] in 1992 "for his invention and development of [[particle detector]]s, in particular the [[multiwire proportional chamber]]", with affiliations to both École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles ([[ESPCI]]) and CERN. This was the last time a single person was awarded the Physics prize, as of 2025. In 1999, Charpak received the Golden Plate Award of the [[Academy of Achievement|American Academy of Achievement]].<ref>{{cite web|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement |website=www.achievement.org|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]|url=https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#science-exploration}}</ref>
Charpak married Dominique Vidal in 1953. They had three children.<ref>{{cite news|title=Georges Charpak dies at 86; French physicist won Nobel Prize|url=https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-georges-charpak-20101008-story.html|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=October 8, 2010|first=Thomas H.|last=Maugh II}}</ref> The pediatrician [[Nathalie Charpak]] (born 1955) is his daughter. Charpak died on 29 September 2010, in [[Paris]], at the age of 86.
[[File:Georges Charpak, Fabio Sauli et Jean-Claude Santiard with the multiwire chamber.jpg|thumb|Georges Charpak and his multiwire chamber]]


In France, Charpak was a very strong [[pro-nuclear movement|advocate for nuclear power]]. Charpak was a member of the Board of Sponsors of the [[Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Board of Sponsors |url=https://thebulletin.org/about-us/board-of-sponsors/ |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |language=en-US}}</ref>
== Scientific achievements ==
In 1959, Charpak joined the staff of [[CERN]] ([[CERN|European Organization for Nuclear Research]]) in [[Geneva]], where he invented and developed<ref>{{Cite journal |doi = 10.1016/0029-554X(70)90872-4|title = Investigation of some properties of multiwire proportional chambers|journal = Nuclear Instruments and Methods|volume = 88|issue = 1|pages = 149–161|year = 1970|last1 = Bouclier|first1 = R.|last2 = Charpak|first2 = G.|last3 = Dimčovski|first3 = Z.|last4 = Fischer|first4 = G.|last5 = Sauli|first5 = F.|last6 = Coignet|first6 = G.|last7 = Flügge|first7 = G.|bibcode = 1970NucIM..88..149B}}</ref> the [[multiwire proportional chamber]]. The chamber was patented and quickly superseded the old bubble chambers, allowing for better data processing.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Giomataris|first1=Ioannis|title=Georges Charpak-a true man of science|journal=CERN Courier|date=December 2010|volume=50|issue=10|pages=33–36|url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/1734475}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Catapano|first1=Paola|title=Georges Charpak: hardwired for science|journal=CERN Courier|date=March 2009|volume=42|issue=2|pages=24–28|url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/1734347}}</ref> This new creation had been made public during 1968.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-12-31 |title=Milestones:CERN Experimental Instrumentation, 1968 |url=https://ethw.org/Milestones:CERN_Experimental_Instrumentation,_1968 |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=ETHW |language=en}}</ref> Charpak was later to become a joint inventor with Nlolc and Policarpo of the scintillation drift chamber during the latter parts of the 1970s.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Aprile |first1=Elena |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tsnHM8x6cHAC&dq=drift+chamber+Charpak+patent&pg=PA198 |title=Noble Gas Detectors |last2=Bolotnikov |first2=Aleksey E. |last3=Bolozdynya |first3=Alexander I. |last4=Doke |first4=Tadayoshi |date=2007-02-27 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-3-527-60963-5 |language=en}}</ref> He retired from CERN in 1991.


Charpak married Dominique Vidal in 1953. They had three children.<ref>{{cite news|title=Georges Charpak dies at 86; French physicist won Nobel Prize|url=https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-georges-charpak-20101008-story.html|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=October 8, 2010|first=Thomas H.|last=Maugh II}}</ref> The pediatrician [[Nathalie Charpak]] (born 1955) is his daughter.
In 1980, Georges Charpak became professor-in-residence at École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles in Paris ([[ESPCI]]) and held the Joliot-Curie Chair there in 1984. This is where he developed and demonstrated the powerful applications of the particle detectors he invented, most notably for enabling better health diagnostics.  
He was the co-founder of a number of start-up in the biolab arena, including Molecular Engines Laboratories, Biospace Instruments and SuperSonic Imagine – together with [[Mathias Fink]]. He was elected to the [[French Academy of Sciences]] on 20 May 1985.


Charpak died on 29 September 2010, in [[Paris]], at the age of 86.
Georges Charpak was awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] in 1992 "for his invention and development of [[particle detector]]s, in particular the [[multiwire proportional chamber]]", with affiliations to both École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles ([[ESPCI]]) and CERN. This was the last time a single person was awarded the Physics prize, as of 2025. In 1999, Charpak received the Golden Plate Award of the [[Academy of Achievement|American Academy of Achievement]].<ref>{{cite web|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement |website=www.achievement.org|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]|url=https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#science-exploration}}</ref>


==Publications==
==Publications==
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[[Category:Accelerator physicists]]
[[Category:Accelerator physicists]]
[[Category:People from Rivne Oblast]]
[[Category:People from Rivne Oblast]]
[[Category:Jewish Nobel laureates]]

Latest revision as of 09:36, 19 December 2025

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Template wrapper".Script error: No such module "Check for clobbered parameters". Hersz Georges Charpak (Script error: No such module "IPA".; 1 August 1924 – 29 September 2010) was a Polish-born French physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1992 for his invention of the multiwire proportional chamber.[1][2][3]

Life

Georges Charpak was born on 1 August 1924[4] to Jewish parents, Chana (Szapiro) and Maurice Charpak, in the village of Dąbrowica in Poland (now Dubrovytsia in Ukraine). Charpak's family moved from Poland to Paris when he was seven years old, beginning his study of mathematics in 1941 at the Lycée Saint-Louis.[5] The actor and film director André Charpak was his younger brother.

During World War II Charpak served in the resistance and was imprisoned by Vichy authorities in 1943. In 1944 he was deported to the Nazi concentration camp at Dachau, where he remained until the camp was liberated in 1945.

After classes préparatoires studies at Lycée Saint-Louis in Paris and later at Lycée Joffre in Montpellier,[6] he joined in 1945 the Paris-based École des Mines, one of the most prestigious engineering schools in France. The following year he became a naturalized French citizen. He graduated in 1948, earning the French degree of Civil Engineer of Mines (Ingénieur Civil des Mines equivalent to a Master's degree) becoming a pupil in the laboratory of Frédéric Joliot-Curie at the Collège de France during 1949,[5][7] the year after Curie had directed construction of the first atomic pile within France.[8] While at the Collège, Charpak secured a research position[5] for the National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS). He received his PhD in 1954[9] in nuclear physics at the Collège de France, receiving the qualification after having written a thesis on the subject of very-low-energy radiation due to disintegration of nuclei (Charpak & Suzor).[5][10]

He remained politically engaged: in 1972, together with Daniele Amati, he launched a petition against the Vietnam War. Several years later, he initiated the Juri Orlow Committee to protest the impressionment of the human rights activist in the former Soviet Union.[11]

Charpak married Dominique Vidal in 1953. They had three children.[12] The pediatrician Nathalie Charpak (born 1955) is his daughter. Charpak died on 29 September 2010, in Paris, at the age of 86.

File:Georges Charpak, Fabio Sauli et Jean-Claude Santiard with the multiwire chamber.jpg
Georges Charpak and his multiwire chamber

Scientific achievements

In 1959, Charpak joined the staff of CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) in Geneva, where he invented and developed[13] the multiwire proportional chamber. The chamber was patented and quickly superseded the old bubble chambers, allowing for better data processing.[14][15] This new creation had been made public during 1968.[16] Charpak was later to become a joint inventor with Nlolc and Policarpo of the scintillation drift chamber during the latter parts of the 1970s.[17] He retired from CERN in 1991.

In 1980, Georges Charpak became professor-in-residence at École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles in Paris (ESPCI) and held the Joliot-Curie Chair there in 1984. This is where he developed and demonstrated the powerful applications of the particle detectors he invented, most notably for enabling better health diagnostics. He was the co-founder of a number of start-up in the biolab arena, including Molecular Engines Laboratories, Biospace Instruments and SuperSonic Imagine – together with Mathias Fink. He was elected to the French Academy of Sciences on 20 May 1985.

Georges Charpak was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1992 "for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber", with affiliations to both École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles (ESPCI) and CERN. This was the last time a single person was awarded the Physics prize, as of 2025. In 1999, Charpak received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.[18]

Publications

Books

Technical reports

See also

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ "Georges Charpak: Facts"
  5. ↑ a b c d CERN Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ "Tribulations d'un immigré d'Europe centrale, Georges Charpak" Template:Webarchive on Lycée Joffre website Template:In lang
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ "Frédéric Joliot - Biography". Nobelprize.org. 29 Jan 2012 + [ atomic pile = fi Template:Webarchive + anl Template:Webarchive + us ]
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

External links

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Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:1992 Nobel Prize winners Template:Authority control

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