Lord Great Chamberlain: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 03:44, 20 November 2025

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The Lord Great Chamberlain of England^[1] is the sixth of the Great Officers of State, ranking beneath the Lord Privy Seal but above the Lord High Constable. The office of Lord Great Chamberlain is an ancient one: it was first created around 1126 (in Norman times) and has been in continuous existence since 1138. The incumbent is Rupert Carington, 7th Baron Carrington.

Duties

File:Their Majesties the King and Queen Consort visit Parliament 36182.jpg

The Lord Great Chamberlain, Lord Carrington, on the occasion of a royal visit to the Palace of Westminster in 2023 (wearing his scarlet court uniform with gold key insignia and carrying his wand of office).

The Lord Great Chamberlain is entrusted by the Sovereign with custody of the Palace of Westminster, the seat of the British Parliament, and serves as his representative therein.^[2] From the Restoration until 1963, the Lord Great Chamberlain was responsible for physical plant and facility management throughout the Palace of Westminster, in effect serving as a property manager for the entire parliamentary estate.^[3] Today, the Lord Great Chamberlain enjoys plenary jurisdiction in those precincts of the Palace of Westminster not assigned to either the House of Lords or the House of Commons: namely, the Royal Apartments, Central Lobby, and the Crypt Chapel. To this end, the Lord Great Chamberlain is responsible for the use, preservation, and occupation of such spaces. In addition, the Lord Great Chamberlain is one of the three commissioners who exercise joint control and maintenance over Westminster Hall; the other commissioners are the Lord Speaker of the House of Lords and the Speaker of the House of Commons.^[4]

The Lord Great Chamberlain performs other less routine functions as custodian of the Palace of Westminster. For example, the Lord Great Chamberlain welcomes foreign heads of state visiting the Palace of Westminster. Likewise, the Lord Great Chamberlain is responsible for attending upon the Sovereign and other members of the British royal family whenever any one of them is present on the parliamentary estate. In the latter case, the Lord Great Chamberlain is authorised to make any administrative arrangements necessary for delivery of services required by the Sovereign and their family.^[5]^[6]

However, the Lord Great Chamberlain’s most publicly visible parliamentary role is organising state openings of Parliament. In making the necessary arrangements, the Lord Great Chamberlain is assisted by Black Rod and consults the Earl Marshal, who is responsible for preparing the Order of Ceremonial distributed to attendees and martialing the Sovereign's procession.^[7] On the day of the state opening, the Lord Great Chamberlain receives the Sovereign at the Norman Porch, enrobes him or her with the Robe of State and the Imperial State Crown in the Robing Room, and participates in the Sovereign’s procession through the Royal Gallery and the Prince's Chamber into the Lords Chamber.^[8] It is also the Lord Great Chamberlain who, upon the command of the Sovereign, directs Black Rod to summon members of the House of Commons to attend the House of Lords for the purpose of hearing the speech from the throne.^[9]

Parliamentary responsibilities aside, the Lord Great Chamberlain also has a major part to play in royal coronations, having the right to dress the monarch on coronation day and to serve the monarch water before and after the coronation banquet. Likewise, the Lord Great Chamberlain invests the monarch with the insignia of rule during the coronation service.^[10]^[11] On state occasions like coronations, the Lord Great Chamberlain wears a distinctive scarlet court uniform and bears a gold key and a white staff as the insignia of his office.^[12]

The office of Lord Great Chamberlain is distinct from the non-hereditary office of Lord Chamberlain of the Household, a position in the monarch's household. This office arose in the 14th century as a deputy of the Lord Great Chamberlain to fulfil the latter's duties in the Royal Household, but now they are quite distinct.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

The House of Lords Act 1999 removed the automatic right of hereditary peers to sit in the House of Lords, but the Act provided that a hereditary peer exercising the office of Lord Great Chamberlain (as well as the Earl Marshal) be exempt from such a rule, in order to perform ceremonial functions.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Succession

The position is a hereditary one, held since 1780 in gross. At any one time, no single person actually exercises the office of Lord Great Chamberlain. The various individuals who hold fractions of the office are properly each Joint Hereditary Lord Great Chamberlain. They choose one individual of the rank of a knight or higher to be the Deputy Lord Great Chamberlain.^[13]^[14] Under an agreement made in 1912, the right to exercise the office for a given reign rotates among three families (of the then three joint office holders) in proportion to the fraction of the office held. For instance, the Marquesses of Cholmondeley hold one-half of the office, and may therefore exercise the office or appoint a deputy every alternate reign. Whenever one of the three shares of the 1912 agreement is split further, the joint heirs of this share have to agree among each other, who should be their deputy or any mechanism to determine who of them has the right to choose a deputy.

History of the office

File:Barack Obama in the Members' Lobby of the Palace of Westminster, 2011.jpg

The Lord Great Chamberlain, the 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley (left), holding his white staff of office; the Lord Speaker, Baroness Hayman; and the Speaker of the House of Commons, John Bercow, showing US President Barack Obama around Members' Lobby during a tour of the Palace in May 2011.

The office was originally held by Robert Malet, a son of one of the leading companions of William the Conqueror. In 1133, however, Henry I declared Malet's estates and titles forfeit, and awarded the office of Lord Great Chamberlain to Aubrey de Vere, whose son was created Earl of Oxford. Thereafter, the Earls of Oxford held the title almost continuously until 1526, with a few intermissions due to the forfeiture of some earls for treason. In 1526, however, John de Vere, 14th Earl of Oxford died, leaving his aunts as his heirs. The earldom was inherited by a more distant heir-male, his second cousin. Henry VIII then decreed that the office belonged to the Crown, and was not transmitted along with the earldom. The King appointed John de Vere, 15th Earl of Oxford to the office, but the appointment was deemed for life and was not hereditary. The family's association with the office was interrupted in 1540, when the 15th Earl died and Thomas Cromwell, the King's chief adviser, was appointed Lord Great Chamberlain.^[15] After Cromwell's attainder and execution later the same year, the office passed through a few more court figures, until 1553, when it was passed back to the de Vere family to John de Vere, 16th Earl of Oxford, again as an uninheritable life appointment.^[16] Later, Mary I ruled that the Earls of Oxford were indeed entitled to the office of Lord Great Chamberlain on an hereditary basis.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Thus, the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth Earls of Oxford held the position on a hereditary basis until 1626, when Henry de Vere, 18th Earl of Oxford died, again leaving a distant relative as heir male, but a closer one as a female heir. The House of Lords eventually ruled that the office belonged to the heir general, Robert Bertie, 14th Baron Willoughby de Eresby, who later became Earl of Lindsey. The office remained vested in the Earls of Lindsey, who later became Dukes of Ancaster and Kesteven.

In 1779, however, Robert Bertie, 4th Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven died, leaving two sisters as female heirs, and an uncle as an heir male. The uncle became the 5th and last Duke, but the House of Lords ruled that the two sisters were jointly Lord Great Chamberlain and could appoint a Deputy to fulfil the functions of the office. The barony of Willoughby de Eresby fell into abeyance between the two sisters, but George III terminated the abeyance and granted the title to the elder sister, Priscilla Bertie, 21st Baroness Willoughby de Eresby. The office of Lord Great Chamberlain, however, was divided between Priscilla and her younger sister Georgiana. Priscilla's share was eventually split between two of her granddaughters, and has been split several more times since then. By contrast, Georgiana's share has been inherited by a single male heir each time; that individual has in each case been the Marquess of Cholmondeley, a title created for Georgiana's husband.

20th and 21st centuries

File:The King's Coronation (52875339738).jpg

6 May 2023: Lord Carrington (Lord Great Chamberlain since 2022) on his way to the Coronation of Charles III and Camilla (with Baroness Manningham Buller).

In 1902 it was ruled by the House of Lords that the then joint office holders (Gilbert Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 1st Earl of Ancaster, George Cholmondeley, 4th Marquess of Cholmondeley, and Charles Wynn-Carington, 1st Earl Carrington, later Marquess of Lincolnshire) had to agree on a deputy to exercise the office, subject to the approval of the Sovereign. Should there be no such agreement, the Sovereign should appoint a deputy until an agreement be reached.^[14]

In 1912 an agreement was reached. The office, or right to appoint the person to exercise the office, would thereafter rotate among the three joint office holders and their heirs after them, changing at the start of each successive reign. Cholmondeley and his heirs would serve in every other reign; Ancaster and Carrington would each serve once in four reigns.^[17]

As the Cholmondeley share and the Ancaster share (held since 1983 by Jane Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 28th Baroness Willoughby de Eresby) are not further split, each of these holders decides in his or her turn to act as Lord Great Chamberlain or to name a person who will act as Lord Great Chamberlain. The Carrington share was divided at his death among his five daughters and their heirs, and has since been further divided, with 11 people holding shares as of September 2022. At accession of Charles III the turn fell to the Carrington heirs who named their cousin Rupert Carington, 7th Baron Carrington, to act as Lord Great Chamberlain.^[18]^[19]^[20] Being descended from the Earl's younger brother he himself has no share of the office.

On 6 May 2023, the Lord Great Chamberlain presented spurs to King Charles III as part of Charles' coronation. The spurs were included among the first English coronation ornaments in 1189 and were used during the coronation of Richard I.^[21]

Lord Great Chamberlains, 1130–1779

Portrait	Name	Term of office		Monarch (reign)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:No image.svg	Robert Malet	1130	1133	Henry I (1100–1135)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:No image.svg	Aubrey de Vere II	1133	1141
File:No image.svg	Aubrey de Vere II	1133	1141	Stephen (1135–1154)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:No image.svg	Aubrey de Vere 1st Earl of Oxford	1141	1194
				Henry II (1154–1189)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
				Richard I (1189–1199)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:No image.svg	Aubrey de Vere 2nd Earl of Oxford	1194	1214
File:No image.svg	Aubrey de Vere 2nd Earl of Oxford	1194	1214	John (1199–1216)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:No image.svg	Robert de Vere 3rd Earl of Oxford	1214	1221
File:No image.svg	Robert de Vere 3rd Earl of Oxford	1214	1221	Henry III File:Coat of Arms of England (-1340).svg (1216–1272)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:No image.svg	Hugh de Vere 4th Earl of Oxford	1221	1263
File:No image.svg	Robert de Vere 5th Earl of Oxford	1263	1265
File:No image.svg	unclear, perhaps vacant	1265	1267
File:No image.svg	unclear, perhaps again Robert de Vere 5th Earl of Oxford	1267	1296
File:No image.svg		1267	1296	Edward I (1272–1307)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:No image.svg	Robert de Vere 6th Earl of Oxford	1296	1331
				Edward II (1307–1327)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
				Edward III File:Coat of Arms of Edward III of England (1327-1377).svg (1327–1377)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:No image.svg	John de Vere 7th Earl of Oxford	1331	1360
File:No image.svg	Thomas de Vere 8th Earl of Oxford	1360	1371
File:Coat of Arms of Sir Robert de Vere, 9th Earl of Oxford, KG.png	Robert de Vere Duke of Ireland	1371	1388
	Robert de Vere Duke of Ireland	1371	1388	Richard II File:Coat of Arms of Richard II of England (1377-1399).svg (1377–1399)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:Arms of John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter.svg	John Holland 1st Duke of Exeter	1398	1399
File:No image.svg	Aubrey de Vere 10th Earl of Oxford	1399	1400	Henry IV (1399–1413)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:Coat of arms of Sir Richard de Vere, 11th Earl of Oxford, KG.png	Richard de Vere 11th Earl of Oxford	1400	1417
	Richard de Vere 11th Earl of Oxford	1400	1417	Henry V (1413–1422)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:No image.svg	John de Vere 12th Earl of Oxford	1417	1462
				Henry VI (1422–1461)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
				Edward IV (1461–1470)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:Coat of arms of Sir John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford.png	John de Vere 13th Earl of Oxford	1462	1464
File:Richard Neville.jpg	Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick	1464^[22]	1471
File:Richard Neville.jpg	Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick	1464^[22]	1471	Henry VI (1470–1471)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:No image.svg	unclear	1471	1475	Edward IV File:Coat of Arms of Edward IV of England (1461-1483).svg (1471–1483)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:Coat of arms of Sir Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland, KG.png	Henry Percy 4th Earl of Northumberland	1475	1485
				Edward V (1483)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
				Richard III (1483–1485)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:Coat of arms of Sir John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford.png	John de Vere 13th Earl of Oxford	1485^[23]	1513	Henry VII (1485–1509)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
	John de Vere 13th Earl of Oxford	1485^[23]	1513	Henry VIII File:Coat of Arms of England (1509-1554) - Dragon with pizzle.png (1509–1547)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:No image.svg	John de Vere 14th Earl of Oxford	1513	1526
File:John de Vere, 15th Earl of Oxford cropped.jpg	John de Vere 15th Earl of Oxford	1526	1540
File:Cromwell,Thomas(1EEssex)01.jpg	Thomas Cromwell 1st Earl of Essex	1540	1540
File:Coat of arms of Sir Robert Radcliffe, 1st Earl of Sussex, KG.png	Robert Radcliffe 1st Earl of Sussex	1540^[24]	1542
File:Edward Seymour.jpg	Edward Seymour 1st Duke of Somerset	1543^[25]	1547
File:John Dudley (Knole, Kent).jpg	John Dudley 1st Duke of Northumberland	1547^[26]	1549	Edward VI File:Coat of Arms of England (1509-1554) - Dragon with pizzle.png (1547–1553)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:The Marquess of Northampton by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg	William Parr 1st Marquess of Northampton	1549^[26]	1553
File:No image.svg	John de Vere 16th Earl of Oxford	1553	1562	Mary I (1553–1558)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:No image.svg	John de Vere 16th Earl of Oxford	1553	1562	Elizabeth I (1558–1603)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:Edward-de-Vere-1575.jpg	Edward de Vere 17th Earl of Oxford	1562	1604
File:Edward-de-Vere-1575.jpg	Edward de Vere 17th Earl of Oxford	1562	1604	James I File:Coat of arms of England (1603–1649).svg (1603–1625)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:Henry de Vere, 18th Earl of Oxford from NPG.jpg	Henry de Vere 18th Earl of Oxford	1604	1625
File:Robert Bertie, 1st Earl of Lindsey, by circle of Michiel Jansz van Mierevelt.jpg	Robert Bertie 1st Earl of Lindsay	1625	1642	Charles I File:Coat of arms of England (1603–1649).svg (1625–1649)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:Montty.png	Montagu Bertie 2nd Earl of Lindsay	1642	1666
				Interregnum (1649–1660)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
				Charles II (1660–1685)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:No image.svg	Robert Bertie 3rd Earl of Lindsay	1666	1701
				James II (1685–1688)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
				Mary II (1689–1694)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". William III (1689–1702)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:Dukeancaster.jpg	Robert Bertie 1st Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven	1701	1723
				Anne (1702–1714)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
				George I (1714–1727)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:No image.svg	Peregrine Bertie 2nd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven	1723	1742
File:No image.svg	Peregrine Bertie 2nd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven	1723	1742	George II (1727–1760)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:Peregrine Bertie 3rd Duke of Ancaster (1714-1778).png	Peregrine Bertie 3rd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven	1742	1778
File:Peregrine Bertie 3rd Duke of Ancaster (1714-1778).png	Peregrine Bertie 3rd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven	1742	1778	George III File:Coat of arms of Great Britain (1714–1801).svg (1760–1820)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:4thDukeOfAncaster.jpg	Robert Bertie 4th Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven	1778	1779

Joint hereditary Lord Great Chamberlains, 1780–present

The fractions show the holder's share in the office, and the date they held it. The current (as of 2022^[update]Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".) holders of the office are shown in bold face.

Joint hereditary Lord Great Chamberlains, 1780–present

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Persons exercising the office of Lord Great Chamberlain, 1780–present

Portrait	Name	Term of office		Monarch (reign)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:No image.svg	Peter Burrell 1st Baron Gwydyr	1780	1820	George III (1760–1820)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:No image.svg	Peter Burrell 1st Baron Gwydyr	1780	1820	George IV File:Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1816-1837).svg (1820–1830)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:No image.svg	Peter Drummond-Burrell 22nd Baron Willoughby de Eresby	1821	1830
File:George, 2nd Marquess of Cholmondeley.jpg	George Cholmondeley 2nd Marquess of Cholmondeley	1830	1837	William IV File:Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1816-1837).svg (1830–1837)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:No image.svg	Peter Drummond-Burrell 22nd Baron Willoughby de Eresby	1837	1865	Victoria File:Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg (1837–1901)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:No image.svg	Albyric Drummond-Willoughby 23rd Baron Willoughby de Eresby	1865	1870
File:Gilbert Henry Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, Vanity Fair, 1881-07-30.jpg	Gilbert Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby 25th Baron Willoughby de Eresby	1871	1901
File:George Henry Hugh Cholmondeley, 4th Marquess.jpg	George Cholmondeley 4th Marquess of Cholmondeley	1901	1910	Edward VII File:Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg (1901–1910)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:1stMarquessOfLincolnshire.jpg	Charles Wynn-Carington 1st Marquess of Lincolnshire	1910	1928	George V File:Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg (1910–1936)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:Earl of Dartmouth COA.svg	William Legge Viscount Lewisham	1928	1936
File:Lord Rocksavage 4037482780 cc54c1b81e o (cropped).jpg	George Cholmondeley 5th Marquess of Cholmondeley	1936		Edward VIII File:Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg (1936)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:Gilbert Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 2nd Earl of Ancaster.png	Gilbert Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby 2nd Earl of Ancaster	1936	1951	George VI File:Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg (1936–1952)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
	James Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby 3rd Earl of Ancaster	1951	1952
File:Lord Rocksavage 4037482780 cc54c1b81e o (cropped).jpg	George Cholmondeley 5th Marquess of Cholmondeley	1952	1966	Elizabeth II File:Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1952-2022).svg (1952–2022)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
	Hugh Cholmondeley 6th Marquess of Cholmondeley	1966	1990
File:7th Marquis of Colmondeley 2.jpg	David Cholmondeley 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley	1990	2022
File:Official portrait of Lord Carrington crop 2.jpg	Rupert Carington 7th Baron Carrington	2022	present	Charles III File:Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (2022).svg (2022–present)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

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↑ Loades, D. (2004) Intrigue and Treason: the Tudor Court, 1547–1558 Harlow: Pearson, p. 309.
↑ Great Officers of State: The Lord Great Chamberlain and The Earl Marshal Script error: No such module "webarchive".. The Royal Family. debretts.com Script error: No such module "webarchive".. Debrett's Limited. Accessed 17 September 2013.
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↑ HL Deb, 15 March 2019 vol 796 c1213
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↑ 'Rymer's Foedera with Syllabus: January–June 1464', in Rymer's Foedera Volume 11, ed. Thomas Rymer (London, 1739–1745), pp. 512–531. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/rymer-foedera/vol11/pp512-531 Script error: No such module "webarchive". [accessed 3 September 2020].
↑ 'Rymer's Foedera with Syllabus: 1487', in Rymer's Foedera Volume 12, ed. Thomas Rymer (London, 1739–1745), pp. 320–331. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/rymer-foedera/vol12/pp320-331 Script error: No such module "webarchive". [accessed 5 September 2020].
↑ 'Henry VIII: August 1540, 1-10', in Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 15, 1540, ed. James Gairdner and R. H. Brodie (London, 1896), pp. 481–488. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/letters-papers-hen8/vol15/pp481-488 Script error: No such module "webarchive". [accessed 20 August 2020].
↑ 'Henry VIII: January 1543, 6-10', in Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 18, Part 1, January–July 1543, ed. James Gairdner and R. H. Brodie (London, 1901), pp. 7–21. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/letters-papers-hen8/vol18/no1/pp7-21 Script error: No such module "webarchive". [accessed 20 August 2020].
↑ ^a ^b 'Officers of State during the period covered', in The Diary of Henry Machyn, Citizen and Merchant-Taylor of London, 1550–1563, ed. J. G. Nichols (London, 1848), pp. xiv–xix. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/camden-record-soc/vol42/xiv-xix Script error: No such module "webarchive". [accessed 5 September 2020].

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External links

www.debretts.com
1965 decisions regarding the Lord Great Chamberlain's responsibilities in the Palace of Westminster
Planning Act 2008, s. 227(5)(h,i)
Principal Office Holders in the House of Lords. House of Lords Library Note (LLN 2015/007), includes a very brief overview of the Lord Great Chamberlain
www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk
UK Parliamentary Archives, Records of the Lord Great Chamberlain

Template:Great Officers of State in the United Kingdom

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[16] Loades, D. (2004) Intrigue and Treason: the Tudor Court, 1547–1558 Harlow: Pearson, p. 309.

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[22] 'Rymer's Foedera with Syllabus: January–June 1464', in Rymer's Foedera Volume 11, ed. Thomas Rymer (London, 1739–1745), pp. 512–531. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/rymer-foedera/vol11/pp512-531 Script error: No such module "webarchive". [accessed 3 September 2020].

[23] 'Rymer's Foedera with Syllabus: 1487', in Rymer's Foedera Volume 12, ed. Thomas Rymer (London, 1739–1745), pp. 320–331. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/rymer-foedera/vol12/pp320-331 Script error: No such module "webarchive". [accessed 5 September 2020].

[24] 'Henry VIII: August 1540, 1-10', in Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 15, 1540, ed. James Gairdner and R. H. Brodie (London, 1896), pp. 481–488. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/letters-papers-hen8/vol15/pp481-488 Script error: No such module "webarchive". [accessed 20 August 2020].

[25] 'Henry VIII: January 1543, 6-10', in Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 18, Part 1, January–July 1543, ed. James Gairdner and R. H. Brodie (London, 1901), pp. 7–21. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/letters-papers-hen8/vol18/no1/pp7-21 Script error: No such module "webarchive". [accessed 20 August 2020].

[:1-26] 'Officers of State during the period covered', in The Diary of Henry Machyn, Citizen and Merchant-Taylor of London, 1550–1563, ed. J. G. Nichols (London, 1848), pp. xiv–xix. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/camden-record-soc/vol42/xiv-xix Script error: No such module "webarchive". [accessed 5 September 2020].

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Lord Great Chamberlain: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 03:44, 20 November 2025

Contents

Duties

Succession

History of the office

20th and 21st centuries

Lord Great Chamberlains, 1130–1779

Joint hereditary Lord Great Chamberlains, 1780–present

Persons exercising the office of Lord Great Chamberlain, 1780–present

Notes

References

External links

Navigation menu

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 | salary = ''Unpaid''
 | footnotes = {{notelist-la}}
-| image = Lord Great Chamberlain 2024 (three quarter).jpg
+| image = Official portrait of Lord Carrington crop 2, 2024.jpg
 }}
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 ==Duties==
 [[File:Their Majesties the King and Queen Consort visit Parliament 36182.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|left|The Lord Great Chamberlain, Lord Carrington, on the occasion of a royal visit to the Palace of Westminster in 2023 (wearing his scarlet court uniform with gold key insignia and carrying his wand of office).]]
-The Lord Great Chamberlain is entrusted by [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|the Sovereign]] with custody of the [[Palace of Westminster]], the seat of the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|British Parliament]], and serves as his or her representative therein.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politicshome.com/thehouse/article/changing-of-the-lord-how-lord-carrington-became-the-new-lord-great-chamberlain|title=Changing of the Lord: How Lord Carrington became the new Lord Great Chamberlain|publisher=PoliticsHome|author=Daniel Brittain|publication-date=27 November 2022|access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref> The Lord Great Chamberlain enjoys plenary jurisdiction in those precincts of the Palace of Westminster not assigned to either the [[House of Lords]] or the [[House of Commons]]: namely, the [[Palace of Westminster#Royal Apartments|Royal Apartments]], [[Palace of Westminster#Central Lobby|Central Lobby]], and the [[St Mary Undercroft|Crypt Chapel]]. To this end, the Lord Great Chamberlain is responsible for the use, preservation, and occupation of such spaces.{{Efn|From the [[Stuart Restoration|Restoration]] until 1963, the Lord Great Chamberlain was responsible for [[physical plant]] and [[facility management]] throughout the Palace of Westminster, in effect serving as a [[property management|property manager]] for the entire parliamentary estate.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/LLN-2021-0034/LLN-2021-0034.pdf|author=Michale Torrance|title=Governance and Administration of the House of Lords|page=22|publisher=House of Lords Library|publication-date=30 November 2021|access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref>}} In addition, the Lord Great Chamberlain is one of the three commissioners who exercise control and maintenance over [[Westminster Hall]]; the other commissioners are the [[Lord Speaker of the House of Lords]] and the [[Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)|Speaker of the House of Commons]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archives.parliament.uk/collections/getrecord/GB61_LGC|title=Records of the Lord Great Chamberlain|publisher=Parliamentary Archives of the United Kingdom|publication-date=October 2023|access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref>
+The Lord Great Chamberlain is entrusted by [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|the Sovereign]] with custody of the [[Palace of Westminster]], the seat of the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|British Parliament]], and serves as his representative therein.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politicshome.com/thehouse/article/changing-of-the-lord-how-lord-carrington-became-the-new-lord-great-chamberlain|title=Changing of the Lord: How Lord Carrington became the new Lord Great Chamberlain|publisher=PoliticsHome|author=Daniel Brittain|publication-date=27 November 2022|access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref> From the [[Stuart Restoration|Restoration]] until 1963, the Lord Great Chamberlain was responsible for [[physical plant]] and [[facility management]] throughout the Palace of Westminster, in effect serving as a [[property management|property manager]] for the entire parliamentary estate.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/LLN-2021-0034/LLN-2021-0034.pdf|author=Michale Torrance|title=Governance and Administration of the House of Lords|page=22|publisher=House of Lords Library|publication-date=30 November 2021|access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref> Today, the Lord Great Chamberlain enjoys plenary jurisdiction in those precincts of the Palace of Westminster not assigned to either the [[House of Lords]] or the [[House of Commons]]: namely, the [[Palace of Westminster#Royal Apartments|Royal Apartments]], [[Palace of Westminster#Central Lobby|Central Lobby]], and the [[St Mary Undercroft|Crypt Chapel]]. To this end, the Lord Great Chamberlain is responsible for the use, preservation, and occupation of such spaces. In addition, the Lord Great Chamberlain is one of the three commissioners who exercise joint control and maintenance over [[Westminster Hall]]; the other commissioners are the [[Lord Speaker of the House of Lords]] and the [[Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)|Speaker of the House of Commons]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archives.parliament.uk/collections/getrecord/GB61_LGC|title=Records of the Lord Great Chamberlain|publisher=Parliamentary Archives of the United Kingdom|publication-date=October 2023|access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref>
-The Lord Great Chamberlain performs other less routine functions as custodian of the Palace of Westminster. For example, the Lord Great Chamberlain welcomes foreign heads of state visiting the Palace of Westminster. Likewise, the Lord Great Chamberlain is responsible for attending upon the Sovereign and other members of the [[British royal family]] whenever present at the parliamentary estate. In the latter case, the Lord Great Chamberlain is authorised to make any administrative arrangements necessary for delivery of services required by the Sovereign.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.parliament.uk/site-information/glossary/lord-great-chamberlain/?id=32625|title=Lord Great Chamberlain|publisher=UK Parliament|access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/being-lord-great-chamberlain-is-an-honour-my-father-would-have-hated-gnfr6jxrr|title=Being Lord Great Chamberlain is an honour my father would have hated|author=Daniel Brittain|work=[[The Times]]|publication-date=19 April 2023|access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref>
+The Lord Great Chamberlain performs other less routine functions as custodian of the Palace of Westminster. For example, the Lord Great Chamberlain welcomes foreign heads of state visiting the Palace of Westminster. Likewise, the Lord Great Chamberlain is responsible for attending upon the Sovereign and other members of the [[British royal family]] whenever any one of them is present on the parliamentary estate. In the latter case, the Lord Great Chamberlain is authorised to make any administrative arrangements necessary for delivery of services required by the Sovereign and their family.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.parliament.uk/site-information/glossary/lord-great-chamberlain/?id=32625|title=Lord Great Chamberlain|publisher=UK Parliament|access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/being-lord-great-chamberlain-is-an-honour-my-father-would-have-hated-gnfr6jxrr|title=Being Lord Great Chamberlain is an honour my father would have hated|author=Daniel Brittain|work=[[The Times]]|publication-date=19 April 2023|access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref>
-However, the Lord Great Chamberlain’s most publicly visible parliamentary role is participating in [[State Opening of Parliament|state openings of Parliament]]. To this end, the Lord Great Chamberlain receives the Sovereign at the [[Palace of Westminster#Norman Porch|Norman Porch]], enrobes him or her with the [[Robe of State]] and the [[Imperial State Crown]] in the [[Palace of Westminster#Robing Room|Robing Room]], and leads the Sovereign’s procession through the [[Palace of Westminster#Royal Gallery|Royal Gallery]] and the [[Palace of Westminster#Prince's Chamber|Prince's Chamber]] into the [[Palace of Westminster#Lords Chamber|Lords Chamber]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0IJcEot6Tpo|title=What is the State Opening of Parliament?|author=Allan Burton, PhD - The Antiquary|publisher=YouTube|publication-date=7 November 2023|access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref> It is also the Lord Great Chamberlain who, upon the command of the Sovereign, directs Black Rod to summon members of the House of Commons to attend the House of Lords for the purpose of hearing the [[speech from the throne]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.parliament.uk/about/how/occasions/stateopening/timetable/|title=State Opening: how it happens|publisher=UK Parliament|access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref>
+However, the Lord Great Chamberlain’s most publicly visible parliamentary role is organising [[State Opening of Parliament|state openings of Parliament]]. In making the necessary arrangements, the Lord Great Chamberlain is assisted by [[Black Rod]] and consults the [[Earl Marshal]], who is responsible for preparing the Order of Ceremonial distributed to attendees and martialing the Sovereign's procession.<ref>{{Cite report|url=https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-9501/CBP-9501.pdf|title=State Opening of Parliament - history and ceremonial|section= Part 1.3: Preparations for State Opening|author=David Torrance|publisher=House of Commons Library|publication-date=18 July 2024|access-date=21 August 2025}}</ref> On the day of the state opening, the Lord Great Chamberlain receives the Sovereign at the [[Palace of Westminster#Norman Porch|Norman Porch]], enrobes him or her with the [[Robe of State]] and the [[Imperial State Crown]] in the [[Palace of Westminster#Robing Room|Robing Room]], and participates in the Sovereign’s procession through the [[Palace of Westminster#Royal Gallery|Royal Gallery]] and the [[Palace of Westminster#Prince's Chamber|Prince's Chamber]] into the [[Palace of Westminster#Lords Chamber|Lords Chamber]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0IJcEot6Tpo|title=What is the State Opening of Parliament?|author=Allan Burton, PhD - The Antiquary|publisher=YouTube|publication-date=7 November 2023|access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref> It is also the Lord Great Chamberlain who, upon the command of the Sovereign, directs Black Rod to summon members of the House of Commons to attend the House of Lords for the purpose of hearing the [[speech from the throne]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.parliament.uk/about/how/occasions/stateopening/timetable/|title=State Opening: how it happens|publisher=UK Parliament|access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref>
 Parliamentary responsibilities aside, the Lord Great Chamberlain also has a major part to play in royal coronations, having the right to dress the monarch on coronation day and to serve the monarch water before and after the coronation banquet. Likewise, the Lord Great Chamberlain invests the monarch with the insignia of rule during the coronation service.<ref name="Montly review">{{cite journal |last1=Round |first1=J. Horace |author-link1=J. Horace Round |title=The Lord Great Chamberlain |journal=Monthly Review |date=June 1902 |volume=7 |issue=21 |pages=42–58 |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/129d740347a02536/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=8056 |access-date=5 August 2020 |language=en |archive-date=30 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730223719/https://www.proquest.com/openview/129d740347a02536/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=8056 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politicshome.com/thehouse/article/lord-great-chamberlain-one-oldest-offices-crown|author=Sophie French|title=Lord Great Chamberlain interview: 'I've been preparing for a long time mentally'|publisher=PoliticsHome|publication-date=4 May 2023|access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref> On state occasions like coronations, the Lord Great Chamberlain wears a distinctive scarlet court uniform and bears a gold key and a [[Staff of office#White Staves|white staff]] as the insignia of his office.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_X82Owzwfn8|title=King Charles will dress himself at the coronation - Lord Great Chamberlain|publisher=Times Radio|publication-date=4 May 2023|access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref>
-The office of Lord Great Chamberlain is distinct from the non-hereditary office of [[Lord Chamberlain|Lord Chamberlain of the Household]], a position in the [[Royal Households of the United Kingdom#The King and Queen|monarch's household]]. This office arose in the 14th century as a deputy of the Lord Great Chamberlain to fulfil the latter's duties in the Royal Household, but now they are quite distinct.{{fact|date=January 2025}}
+The office of Lord Great Chamberlain is distinct from the non-hereditary office of [[Lord Chamberlain|Lord Chamberlain of the Household]], a position in the [[Royal Households of the United Kingdom#The King and Queen|monarch's household]]. This office arose in the 14th century as a deputy of the Lord Great Chamberlain to fulfil the latter's duties in the Royal Household, but now they are quite distinct.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}
-The [[House of Lords Act 1999]] removed the automatic right of [[hereditary peer]]s to sit in the House of Lords, but the Act provided that a hereditary peer exercising the office of Lord Great Chamberlain (as well as the [[Earl Marshal]]) be exempt from such a rule, in order to perform ceremonial functions.{{fact|date=January 2025}}
+The [[House of Lords Act 1999]] removed the automatic right of [[hereditary peer]]s to sit in the House of Lords, but the Act provided that a hereditary peer exercising the office of Lord Great Chamberlain (as well as the [[Earl Marshal]]) be exempt from such a rule, in order to perform ceremonial functions.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}
 ==Succession==
@@ Line 71: / Line 71: @@
 At any one time, no single person actually exercises the office of Lord Great Chamberlain.
 The various individuals who hold fractions of the office are properly each ''Joint Hereditary Lord Great Chamberlain''.
-They choose one individual of the rank of a knight or higher to be the ''Deputy Lord Great Chamberlain''.<ref>{{cite book |title=Journal of the House of Lords Volume 36, 1779-1783 |date=1767–1830 |publisher=British History Online |location=London |pages=296–309 |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/lords-jrnl/vol36/pp296-309#p134 |access-date=5 January 2020 |chapter=House of Lords Journal Volume 36: May 1781 21-30 |archive-date=29 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129082248/https://www.british-history.ac.uk/lords-jrnl/vol36/pp296-309#p134 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite Hansard|house=House of Lords|url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/Lords/1902-05-06/debates/05337074-f74d-4e05-92a7-73116832f120/OfficeOfLordGreatChamberlain|date=6 May 1902|title=Office Of Lord Great Chamberlain}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128005509/https://hansard.parliament.uk/Lords/1902-05-06/debates/05337074-f74d-4e05-92a7-73116832f120/OfficeOfLordGreatChamberlain |date=2021-01-28 }}</ref>
+They choose one individual of the rank of a knight or higher to be the ''Deputy Lord Great Chamberlain''.<ref>{{cite book |title=Journal of the House of Lords Volume 36, 1779-1783 |date=1767–1830 |publisher=British History Online |location=London |pages=296–309 |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/lords-jrnl/vol36/pp296-309#p134 |access-date=5 January 2020 |chapter=House of Lords Journal Volume 36: May 1781 21-30 |archive-date=29 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129082248/https://www.british-history.ac.uk/lords-jrnl/vol36/pp296-309#p134 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite Hansard|house=House of Lords|url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/Lords/1902-05-06/debates/05337074-f74d-4e05-92a7-73116832f120/OfficeOfLordGreatChamberlain|date=6 May 1902|title=Office Of Lord Great Chamberlain}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128005509/https://hansard.parliament.uk/Lords/1902-05-06/debates/05337074-f74d-4e05-92a7-73116832f120/OfficeOfLordGreatChamberlain |date=2021-01-28 }}</ref>
 Under an agreement made in 1912, the right to exercise the office for a given reign rotates among three families (of the then three joint office holders) in proportion to the fraction of the office held.
 For instance, the Marquesses of Cholmondeley hold one-half of the office, and may therefore exercise the office or appoint a deputy every alternate reign.
@@ Line 79: / Line 79: @@
 [[File:Barack Obama in the Members' Lobby of the Palace of Westminster, 2011.jpg|thumb|upright=1.75|The Lord Great Chamberlain, the [[David Cholmondeley, 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley|7th Marquess of Cholmondeley]] (left), holding his white staff of office; the Lord Speaker, [[Baroness Hayman]]; and the Speaker of the House of Commons, [[John Bercow]], showing US President [[Barack Obama]] around Members' Lobby during a tour of the Palace in May 2011.]]
-The office was originally held by [[Robert Malet]], a son of one of the leading companions of [[William the Conqueror]]. In 1133, however, [[Henry I of England|Henry I]] declared Malet's estates and titles forfeit, and awarded the office of Lord Great Chamberlain to [[Aubrey de Vere II|Aubrey de Vere]], whose son was created [[Earl of Oxford]]. Thereafter, the Earls of Oxford held the title almost continuously until 1526, with a few intermissions due to the forfeiture of some earls for treason. In 1526, however, [[John de Vere, 14th Earl of Oxford]] died, leaving his aunts as his heirs. The earldom was inherited by a more distant heir-male, his second cousin. [[Henry VIII]] then decreed that the office belonged to [[the Crown]], and was not transmitted along with the earldom. The King appointed [[John de Vere, 15th Earl of Oxford]] to the office, but the appointment was deemed for life and was not hereditary. The family's association with the office was interrupted in 1540, when the 15th Earl died and [[Thomas Cromwell]], the King's chief adviser, was appointed Lord Great Chamberlain.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OKlCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA115 |title=The British Plutarch |year=1776 |editor=Thomas Mortimer |editor-link=Thomas Mortimer (writer) |page=115 |access-date=2016-06-02 |archive-date=2018-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224193927/https://books.google.com/books?id=OKlCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA115 |url-status=live }}</ref> After Cromwell's [[attainder]] and execution later the same year, the office passed through a few more court figures, until 1553, when it was passed back to the de Vere family to [[John de Vere, 16th Earl of Oxford]], again as an uninheritable life appointment.<ref>Loades, D. (2004) ''Intrigue and Treason: the Tudor Court, 1547–1558'' Harlow: Pearson, p. 309.</ref> Later, [[Mary I of England|Mary I]] ruled that the Earls of Oxford were indeed entitled to the office of Lord Great Chamberlain on an hereditary basis.
+The office was originally held by [[Robert Malet]], a son of one of the leading companions of [[William the Conqueror]]. In 1133, however, [[Henry I of England|Henry I]] declared Malet's estates and titles forfeit, and awarded the office of Lord Great Chamberlain to [[Aubrey de Vere II|Aubrey de Vere]], whose son was created [[Earl of Oxford]]. Thereafter, the Earls of Oxford held the title almost continuously until 1526, with a few intermissions due to the forfeiture of some earls for treason. In 1526, however, [[John de Vere, 14th Earl of Oxford]] died, leaving his aunts as his heirs. The earldom was inherited by a more distant heir-male, his second cousin. [[Henry VIII]] then decreed that the office belonged to [[the Crown]], and was not transmitted along with the earldom. The King appointed [[John de Vere, 15th Earl of Oxford]] to the office, but the appointment was deemed for life and was not hereditary. The family's association with the office was interrupted in 1540, when the 15th Earl died and [[Thomas Cromwell]], the King's chief adviser, was appointed Lord Great Chamberlain.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OKlCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA115 |title=The British Plutarch |year=1776 |editor=Thomas Mortimer |editor-link=Thomas Mortimer (writer) |page=115 |access-date=2016-06-02 |archive-date=2018-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224193927/https://books.google.com/books?id=OKlCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA115 |url-status=live }}</ref> After Cromwell's [[attainder]] and execution later the same year, the office passed through a few more court figures, until 1553, when it was passed back to the de Vere family to [[John de Vere, 16th Earl of Oxford]], again as an uninheritable life appointment.<ref>Loades, D. (2004) ''Intrigue and Treason: the Tudor Court, 1547–1558'' Harlow: Pearson, p. 309.</ref> Later, [[Mary I of England|Mary I]] ruled that the Earls of Oxford were indeed entitled to the office of Lord Great Chamberlain on an hereditary basis.{{cn|date=November 2025}}
 Thus, the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth Earls of Oxford held the position on a hereditary basis until 1626, when [[Henry de Vere, 18th Earl of Oxford]] died, again leaving a distant relative as [[heir male]], but a closer one as a female heir. The [[House of Lords]] eventually ruled that the office belonged to the '''heir general''', [[Robert Bertie, 1st Earl of Lindsey|Robert Bertie, 14th Baron Willoughby de Eresby]], who later became [[Earl of Lindsey]]. The office remained vested in the Earls of Lindsey, who later became [[Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven|Dukes of Ancaster and Kesteven]].
 In 1779, however, [[Robert Bertie, 4th Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven]] died, leaving two sisters as female heirs, and an uncle as an heir male. The uncle became the [[Brownlow Bertie, 5th Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven|5th and last Duke]], but the House of Lords ruled that the two sisters were jointly Lord Great Chamberlain and could appoint a Deputy to fulfil the functions of the office. The barony of [[Baron Willoughby de Eresby|Willoughby de Eresby]] fell into [[abeyance]] between the two sisters, but [[George III]] terminated the abeyance and granted the title to the elder sister, [[Priscilla Bertie, 21st Baroness Willoughby de Eresby]]. The office of Lord Great Chamberlain, however, was divided between Priscilla and her younger sister [[Georgiana Cholmondeley, Marchioness of Cholmondeley|Georgiana]]. Priscilla's share was eventually split between two of her granddaughters, and has been split several more times since then. By contrast, Georgiana's share has been inherited by a single male heir each time; that individual has in each case been the [[Marquess of Cholmondeley]], a title created for [[George Cholmondeley, 1st Marquess of Cholmondeley|Georgiana's husband]].
 ===20th and 21st centuries===
-[[File:The King's Coronation (52875339738).jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|right|6 May 2023: Lord Carrington (Lord Great Chamberlain since 2022) on his way to the [[Coronation of Charles III and Camilla]] (with [[Baroness Manningham Buller]].]]
+[[File:The King's Coronation (52875339738).jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|right|6 May 2023: Lord Carrington (Lord Great Chamberlain since 2022) on his way to the [[Coronation of Charles III and Camilla]] (with [[Baroness Manningham Buller]]).]]
-In 1902 it was ruled by the House of Lords that the then joint office holders ([[Gilbert Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 1st Earl of Ancaster]], [[George Cholmondeley, 4th Marquess of Cholmondeley]], and [[Charles Wynn-Carington, 1st Marquess of Lincolnshire|Charles Wynn-Carrinton, 1st Earl Carrington]], later Marquess of Lincolnshire) had to agree on a deputy to exercise the office, subject to the approval of the Sovereign. Should there be no such agreement, the Sovereign should appoint a deputy until an agreement be reached.<ref>{{Cite Hansard|house=House of Lords|url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/Lords/1902-05-06/debates/05337074-f74d-4e05-92a7-73116832f120/OfficeOfLordGreatChamberlain|date=6 May 1902|title=Office Of Lord Great Chamberlain}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128005509/https://hansard.parliament.uk/Lords/1902-05-06/debates/05337074-f74d-4e05-92a7-73116832f120/OfficeOfLordGreatChamberlain |date=2021-01-28 }}</ref>
+In 1902 it was ruled by the House of Lords that the then joint office holders ([[Gilbert Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 1st Earl of Ancaster]], [[George Cholmondeley, 4th Marquess of Cholmondeley]], and [[Charles Wynn-Carington, 1st Marquess of Lincolnshire|Charles Wynn-Carington, 1st Earl Carrington]], later Marquess of Lincolnshire) had to agree on a deputy to exercise the office, subject to the approval of the Sovereign. Should there be no such agreement, the Sovereign should appoint a deputy until an agreement be reached.<ref name=":0" />
 In 1912 an agreement was reached. The office, or right to appoint the person to exercise the office, would thereafter rotate among the three joint office holders and their heirs after them, changing at the start of each successive reign. Cholmondeley and his heirs would serve in every other reign; Ancaster and Carrington would each serve once in four reigns.<ref name=debrett>[http://www.debretts.com/people/royal-family/the-royal-household/great-officers-of-state.aspx Great Officers of State: The Lord Great Chamberlain and The Earl Marshal] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106031947/http://www.debretts.com/people/royal-family/the-royal-household/great-officers-of-state.aspx |date=6 January 2014 }}. The Royal Family. [http://www.debretts.com/ debretts.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824141932/https://www.debretts.com/ |date=2019-08-24 }}. Debrett's Limited. Accessed 17 September 2013.</ref>
@@ Line 182: / Line 182: @@
 |-
 | rowspan=2 | [[File:Coat of Arms of Sir Robert de Vere, 9th Earl of Oxford, KG.png|75px]]
-| rowspan=2 | [[Robert de Vere, Duke of Ireland|Robert de Vere<br />'''Duke of Ireland''']]<br />{{post-nominals|country=GBR|KG}}
+| rowspan=2 | [[Robert de Vere, Duke of Ireland|Robert de Vere<br />'''Duke of Ireland''']]<br />
 | rowspan=2 | 1371
 | rowspan=2 | 1388
@@ Line 216: / Line 216: @@
 |-
 | [[File:Coat of arms of Sir John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford.png|75px]]
-| [[John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford|John de Vere<br />13th '''Earl of Oxford''']]<br />{{post-nominals|country=GBR|KG|KB}}
+| [[John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford|John de Vere<br />13th '''Earl of Oxford''']]<br />
 | 1462
 | 1464
 |-
 | rowspan=2 | [[File:Richard Neville.jpg|75px]]
-| rowspan=2 | [[Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick|Richard Neville<br />16th '''Earl of Warwick''']]<br />{{post-nominals|country=GBR|KG}}
+| rowspan=2 | [[Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick|Richard Neville<br />16th '''Earl of Warwick''']]<br />
 | rowspan=2 | 1464<ref>'Rymer's Foedera with Syllabus: January–June 1464', in Rymer's Foedera Volume 11, ed. Thomas Rymer (London, 1739–1745), pp. 512–531. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/rymer-foedera/vol11/pp512-531 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127092807/https://www.british-history.ac.uk/rymer-foedera/vol11/pp512-531 |date=2020-11-27 }} [accessed 3 September 2020].</ref>
 | rowspan=2 | 1471
@@ Line 231: / Line 231: @@
 | 1471
 | 1475
-| rowspan=2 style="background:#EAECF0" | [[Edward IV of England|'''Edward IV''']]<br />[[File:Coat of Arms of Edward IV of England (1461-1483).svg|65px]]<br />{{small|(1471–1483)}}
+| rowspan=2 style="background:#EAECF0" | '''[[Edward IV]]'''<br />[[File:Coat of Arms of Edward IV of England (1461-1483).svg|65px]]<br />{{small|(1471–1483)}}
 |-
 | rowspan=3 | [[File:Coat of arms of Sir Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland, KG.png|75px]]
@@ Line 243: / Line 243: @@
 |-
 | rowspan=2 | [[File:Coat of arms of Sir John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford.png|75px]]
-| rowspan=2 | [[John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford|John de Vere<br />13th '''Earl of Oxford''']]<br />{{post-nominals|country=GBR|KG|KB}}
+| rowspan=2 | [[John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford|John de Vere<br />13th '''Earl of Oxford''']]<br />
 | rowspan=2 | 1485<ref>'Rymer's Foedera with Syllabus: 1487', in Rymer's Foedera Volume 12, ed. Thomas Rymer (London, 1739–1745), pp. 320–331. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/rymer-foedera/vol12/pp320-331 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127094418/https://www.british-history.ac.uk/rymer-foedera/vol12/pp320-331 |date=2020-11-27 }} [accessed 5 September 2020].</ref>
 | rowspan=2 | 1513
 | style="background:#EAECF0" | [[Henry VII of England|'''Henry VII''']]<br />{{small|(1485–1509)}}
 |-
-| rowspan=6 style="background:#EAECF0" | [[Henry VIII of England|'''Henry VIII''']]<br />[[File:Coat of Arms of England (1509-1554) - Dragon with pizzle.png|65px]]<br />{{small|(1509–1547)}}
+| rowspan=6 style="background:#EAECF0" | '''[[Henry VIII]]'''<br />[[File:Coat of Arms of England (1509-1554) - Dragon with pizzle.png|65px]]<br />{{small|(1509–1547)}}
 |-
 | [[File:No image.svg|75px]]
@@ Line 256: / Line 256: @@
 |-
 | [[File:John de Vere, 15th Earl of Oxford cropped.jpg|75px]]
-| [[John de Vere, 15th Earl of Oxford|John de Vere<br />15th '''Earl of Oxford''']]<br />{{post-nominals|country=GBR|KG|PC}}
+| [[John de Vere, 15th Earl of Oxford|John de Vere<br />15th '''Earl of Oxford''']]<br />
 | 1526
 | 1540
 |-
 | [[File:Cromwell,Thomas(1EEssex)01.jpg|75px]]
-| [[Thomas Cromwell|Thomas Cromwell<br />1st '''Earl of Essex''']]<br />{{post-nominals|country=GBR|KG|PC}}
+| [[Thomas Cromwell|Thomas Cromwell<br />1st '''Earl of Essex''']]<br />
 | 1540
 | 1540
 |-
 | [[File:Coat of arms of Sir Robert Radcliffe, 1st Earl of Sussex, KG.png|75px]]
-| [[Robert Radcliffe, 1st Earl of Sussex|Robert Radcliffe<br />1st '''Earl of Sussex''']]<br />{{post-nominals|country=GBR|KG|KB|PC}}
+| [[Robert Radcliffe, 1st Earl of Sussex|Robert Radcliffe<br />1st '''Earl of Sussex''']]<br />
 | 1540<ref>'Henry VIII: August 1540, 1-10', in Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 15, 1540, ed. James Gairdner and R. H. Brodie (London, 1896), pp. 481–488. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/letters-papers-hen8/vol15/pp481-488 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925211510/https://www.british-history.ac.uk/letters-papers-hen8/vol15/pp481-488 |date=2020-09-25 }} [accessed 20 August 2020].</ref>
 | 1542
 |-
 | [[File:Edward Seymour.jpg|75px]]
-| [[Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset|Edward Seymour<br />1st '''Duke of Somerset''']]<br />{{post-nominals|country=GBR|KG}}
+| [[Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset|Edward Seymour<br />1st '''Duke of Somerset''']]<br />
 | 1543<ref>'Henry VIII: January 1543, 6-10', in Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 18, Part 1, January–July 1543, ed. James Gairdner and R. H. Brodie (London, 1901), pp. 7–21. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/letters-papers-hen8/vol18/no1/pp7-21 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127091521/https://www.british-history.ac.uk/letters-papers-hen8/vol18/no1/pp7-21 |date=2020-11-27 }} [accessed 20 August 2020].</ref>
 | 1547
 |-
 | [[File:John Dudley (Knole, Kent).jpg|75px]]
-| [[John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland|John Dudley<br />1st '''Duke of Northumberland''']]<br />{{post-nominals|country=GBR|KG}}
+| [[John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland|John Dudley<br />1st '''Duke of Northumberland''']]<br />
-| 1547<ref>'Officers of State during the period covered', in The Diary of Henry Machyn, Citizen and Merchant-Taylor of London, 1550–1563, ed. J. G. Nichols (London, 1848), pp. xiv–xix. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/camden-record-soc/vol42/xiv-xix {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127090641/https://www.british-history.ac.uk/camden-record-soc/vol42/xiv-xix |date=2020-11-27 }} [accessed 5 September 2020].</ref>
+| 1547<ref name=":1">'Officers of State during the period covered', in The Diary of Henry Machyn, Citizen and Merchant-Taylor of London, 1550–1563, ed. J. G. Nichols (London, 1848), pp. xiv–xix. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/camden-record-soc/vol42/xiv-xix {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127090641/https://www.british-history.ac.uk/camden-record-soc/vol42/xiv-xix |date=2020-11-27 }} [accessed 5 September 2020].</ref>
 | 1549
-| rowspan=2 style="background:#EAECF0" | [[Edward VI of England|'''Edward VI''']]<br />[[File:Coat of Arms of England (1509-1554) - Dragon with pizzle.png|65px]]<br />{{small|(1547–1553)}}
+| rowspan=2 style="background:#EAECF0" | '''[[Edward VI]]'''<br />[[File:Coat of Arms of England (1509-1554) - Dragon with pizzle.png|65px]]<br />{{small|(1547–1553)}}
 |-
 | [[File:The Marquess of Northampton by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|75px]]
-| [[William Parr, 1st Marquess of Northampton|William Parr<br />1st '''Marquess of Northampton''']]<br />{{post-nominals|country=GBR|KG}}
+| [[William Parr, 1st Marquess of Northampton|William Parr<br />1st '''Marquess of Northampton''']]<br />
-| 1549<ref>'Officers of State during the period covered', in The Diary of Henry Machyn, Citizen and Merchant-Taylor of London, 1550–1563, ed. J. G. Nichols (London, 1848), pp. xiv–xix. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/camden-record-soc/vol42/xiv-xix {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127090641/https://www.british-history.ac.uk/camden-record-soc/vol42/xiv-xix |date=2020-11-27 }} [accessed 5 September 2020].</ref>
+| 1549<ref name=":1" />
 | 1553
 |-
@@ Line 293: / Line 293: @@
 | style="background:#EAECF0" | [[Mary I of England|'''Mary I''']]<!--<br />[[File:Coat of Arms of England (1554-1558).svg|65px]]--><br />{{small|(1553–1558)}}
 |-
-| rowspan=2 style="background:#EAECF0" | [[Elizabeth I of England|'''Elizabeth I''']]<!--<br />[[File:Coat of Arms of England (1558-1603).svg|65px]]--><br />{{small|(1558–1603)}}
+| rowspan=2 style="background:#EAECF0" | '''[[Elizabeth I]]'''<!--<br />[[File:Coat of Arms of England (1558-1603).svg|65px]]--><br />{{small|(1558–1603)}}
 |-
 | rowspan=2 | [[File:Edward-de-Vere-1575.jpg|75px]]
@@ Line 314: / Line 314: @@
 |-
 | rowspan=3 | [[File:Montty.png|75px]]
-| rowspan=3 | [[Montagu Bertie, 2nd Earl of Lindsey|Montagu Bertie<br />2nd '''Earl of Lindsay''']]<br />{{post-nominals|country=GBR|KG|PC}}
+| rowspan=3 | [[Montagu Bertie, 2nd Earl of Lindsey|Montagu Bertie<br />2nd '''Earl of Lindsay''']]<br />
 | rowspan=3 | 1642
 | rowspan=3 | 1666
@@ Line 323: / Line 323: @@
 |-
 | rowspan=3 | [[File:No image.svg|75px]]
-| rowspan=3 | [[Robert Bertie, 3rd Earl of Lindsey|Robert Bertie<br />3rd '''Earl of Lindsay''']]<br />{{post-nominals|country=GBR|PC|FRS}}
+| rowspan=3 | [[Robert Bertie, 3rd Earl of Lindsey|Robert Bertie<br />3rd '''Earl of Lindsay''']]<br />
 | rowspan=3 | 1666
 | rowspan=3 | 1701
@@ Line 332: / Line 332: @@
 |-
 | rowspan=3 | [[File:Dukeancaster.jpg|75px]]
-| rowspan=3 | [[Robert Bertie, 1st Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven|Robert Bertie<br />1st '''Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven''']]<br />{{post-nominals|country=GBR|PC}}
+| rowspan=3 | [[Robert Bertie, 1st Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven|Robert Bertie<br />1st '''Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven''']]<br />
 | rowspan=3 | 1701
 | rowspan=3 | 1723
@@ Line 341: / Line 341: @@
 |-
 | rowspan=2 | [[File:No image.svg|75px]]
-| rowspan=2 | [[Peregrine Bertie, 2nd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven|Peregrine Bertie<br />2nd '''Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven''']]<br />{{post-nominals|country=GBR|PC}}
+| rowspan=2 | [[Peregrine Bertie, 2nd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven|Peregrine Bertie<br />2nd '''Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven''']]<br />
 | rowspan=2 | 1723
 | rowspan=2 | 1742
@@ Line 348: / Line 348: @@
 |-
 | rowspan=2 | [[File:Peregrine Bertie 3rd Duke of Ancaster (1714-1778).png|75px]]
-| rowspan=2 | [[Peregrine Bertie, 3rd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven|Peregrine Bertie<br />3rd '''Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven''']]<br />{{post-nominals|country=GBR|PC}}
+| rowspan=2 | [[Peregrine Bertie, 3rd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven|Peregrine Bertie<br />3rd '''Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven''']]<br />
 | rowspan=2 | 1742
 | rowspan=2 | 1778
@@ Line 355: / Line 355: @@
 |-
 | [[File:4thDukeOfAncaster.jpg|75px]]
-| [[Robert Bertie, 4th Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven|Robert Bertie<br />4th '''Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven''']]<br />{{post-nominals|country=GBR|PC}}
+| [[Robert Bertie, 4th Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven|Robert Bertie<br />4th '''Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven''']]<br />
 | 1778
 | 1779
@@ Line 401: / Line 401: @@
 |-
 | [[File:No image.svg|75px]]
-| [[Peter Drummond-Burrell, 22nd Baron Willoughby de Eresby|Peter Drummond-Burrell<br />22nd '''Baron Willoughby de Eresby''']]<br />{{post-nominals|country=GBR|PC}}
+| [[Peter Drummond-Burrell, 22nd Baron Willoughby de Eresby|Peter Drummond-Burrell<br />22nd '''Baron Willoughby de Eresby''']]<br />
 | 1821
 | 1830
 |-
 | [[File:George, 2nd Marquess of Cholmondeley.jpg|75px]]
-| [[George Cholmondeley, 2nd Marquess of Cholmondeley|George Cholmondeley<br />2nd '''Marquess of Cholmondeley''']]<br />{{post-nominals|country=GBR|PC}}
+| [[George Cholmondeley, 2nd Marquess of Cholmondeley|George Cholmondeley<br />2nd '''Marquess of Cholmondeley''']]<br />
 | 1830
 | 1837
@@ Line 412: / Line 412: @@
 |-
 | [[File:No image.svg|75px]]
-| [[Peter Drummond-Burrell, 22nd Baron Willoughby de Eresby|Peter Drummond-Burrell<br />22nd '''Baron Willoughby de Eresby''']]<br />{{post-nominals|country=GBR|PC}}
+| [[Peter Drummond-Burrell, 22nd Baron Willoughby de Eresby|Peter Drummond-Burrell<br />22nd '''Baron Willoughby de Eresby''']]<br />
 | 1837
 | 1865
@@ Line 423: / Line 423: @@
 |-
 | [[File:Gilbert Henry Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, Vanity Fair, 1881-07-30.jpg|75px]]
-| [[Gilbert Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 1st Earl of Ancaster|Gilbert Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby<br />25th '''Baron Willoughby de Eresby''']]<br />{{post-nominals|country=GBR|PC}}
+| [[Gilbert Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 1st Earl of Ancaster|Gilbert Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby<br />25th '''Baron Willoughby de Eresby''']]<br />
 | 1871
 | 1901
 |-
 | [[File:George Henry Hugh Cholmondeley, 4th Marquess.jpg|75px]]
-| [[George Cholmondeley, 4th Marquess of Cholmondeley|George Cholmondeley<br />4th '''Marquess of Cholmondeley''']]<br />{{post-nominals|country=GBR|PC|DL}}
+| [[George Cholmondeley, 4th Marquess of Cholmondeley|George Cholmondeley<br />4th '''Marquess of Cholmondeley''']]<br />
 | 1901
 | 1910
@@ Line 434: / Line 434: @@
 |-
 | [[File:1stMarquessOfLincolnshire.jpg|75px]]
-| [[Charles Wynn-Carington, 1st Marquess of Lincolnshire|Charles Wynn-Carington<br />1st '''Marquess of Lincolnshire''']]<br />{{post-nominals|country=GBR|KG|GCMG|PC|JP|DL}}
+| [[Charles Wynn-Carington, 1st Marquess of Lincolnshire|Charles Wynn-Carington<br />1st '''Marquess of Lincolnshire''']]<br />
 | 1910
 | 1928
@@ Line 440: / Line 440: @@
 |-
 | [[File:Earl of Dartmouth COA.svg|75px]]
-| [[William Legge, 7th Earl of Dartmouth|William Legge<br />'''Viscount Lewisham''']]<br />{{post-nominals|country=GBR|GCVO|TD}}
+| [[William Legge, 7th Earl of Dartmouth|William Legge<br />'''Viscount Lewisham''']]<br />
 | 1928
 | 1936
 |-
 | [[File:Lord Rocksavage 4037482780 cc54c1b81e o (cropped).jpg|75px]]
-| [[George Cholmondeley, 5th Marquess of Cholmondeley|George Cholmondeley<br />5th '''Marquess of Cholmondeley''']]<br />{{post-nominals|country=GBR|GCVO}}
+| [[George Cholmondeley, 5th Marquess of Cholmondeley|George Cholmondeley<br />5th '''Marquess of Cholmondeley''']]<br />
 | colspan=2 | 1936
 | style="background:#EAECF0" | '''[[Edward VIII]]'''<br />[[File:Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg|65px]]<br />{{small|(1936)}}
 |-
 | [[File:Gilbert Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 2nd Earl of Ancaster.png|75px]]
-| [[Gilbert Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 2nd Earl of Ancaster|Gilbert Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby<br />2nd '''Earl of Ancaster''']]<br />{{post-nominals|country=GBR|GCVO|JP|DL}}
+| [[Gilbert Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 2nd Earl of Ancaster|Gilbert Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby<br />2nd '''Earl of Ancaster''']]<br />
 | 1936
 | 1951
@@ Line 456: / Line 456: @@
 |-
 |
-| [[James Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 3rd Earl of Ancaster|James Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby<br />3rd '''Earl of Ancaster''']]<br />{{post-nominals|country=GBR|TD}}
+| [[James Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 3rd Earl of Ancaster|James Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby<br />3rd '''Earl of Ancaster''']]<br />
 | 1951
 | 1952
 |-
 | [[File:Lord Rocksavage 4037482780 cc54c1b81e o (cropped).jpg|75px]]
-| [[George Cholmondeley, 5th Marquess of Cholmondeley|George Cholmondeley<br />5th '''Marquess of Cholmondeley''']]<br />{{post-nominals|country=GBR|GCVO}}
+| [[George Cholmondeley, 5th Marquess of Cholmondeley|George Cholmondeley<br />5th '''Marquess of Cholmondeley''']]<br />
 | 1952
 | 1966
@@ Line 467: / Line 467: @@
 |-
 |
-| [[Hugh Cholmondeley, 6th Marquess of Cholmondeley|Hugh Cholmondeley<br />6th '''Marquess of Cholmondeley''']]<br />{{post-nominals|country=GBR|GCVO|MC|DL}}
+| [[Hugh Cholmondeley, 6th Marquess of Cholmondeley|Hugh Cholmondeley<br />6th '''Marquess of Cholmondeley''']]<br />
 | 1966
 | 1990
 |-
 | [[File:7th Marquis of Colmondeley 2.jpg|75px]]
-| [[David Cholmondeley, 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley|David Cholmondeley<br />7th '''Marquess of Cholmondeley''']]<br />{{post-nominals|country=GBR|GCVO|DL}}
+| [[David Cholmondeley, 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley|David Cholmondeley<br />7th '''Marquess of Cholmondeley''']]<br />
 | 1990
 | 2022
 |-
 |[[File:Official portrait of Lord Carrington crop 2.jpg|100x100px]]
-| [[Rupert Carington, 7th Baron Carrington|Rupert Carington<br />7th '''Baron Carrington''']]<br />{{post-nominals|country=GBR||DL}}
+| [[Rupert Carington, 7th Baron Carrington|Rupert Carington<br />7th '''Baron Carrington''']]<br />
 | 2022
 | present
@@ Line 484: / Line 484: @@
 == Notes ==
-{{Noteslist}}
+{{Notelist}}
 == References ==

Lord Great Chamberlain: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 03:44, 20 November 2025

Duties

Succession

History of the office

20th and 21st centuries

Lord Great Chamberlains, 1130–1779

Joint hereditary Lord Great Chamberlains, 1780–present

Persons exercising the office of Lord Great Chamberlain, 1780–present

Notes

References

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