Alopecurus pratensis: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Species of flowering plants in the grass family Poaceae}} | {{More citations needed|date=August 2025}}{{Short description|Species of flowering plants in the grass family Poaceae}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}} | ||
{{Speciesbox | {{Speciesbox | ||
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'''''Alopecurus pratensis''''', known as the '''meadow foxtail'''<ref name=BSBI07>{{BSBI 2007 |accessdate=2014-10-17 }}</ref> or the '''field meadow foxtail''', is a [[Perennial plant|perennial]] grass belonging to the grass family ([[Poaceae]]). It is native to Europe and Asia. | '''''Alopecurus pratensis''''', known as the '''meadow foxtail'''<ref name=BSBI07>{{BSBI 2007 |accessdate=2014-10-17 }}</ref> or the '''field meadow foxtail''', is a [[Perennial plant|perennial]] grass belonging to the grass family ([[Poaceae]]). It is native to Europe and Asia. | ||
It is a common plant is found on [[grasslands]], especially on neutral [[soil]]s. It is found on moist, fertile soils, but avoids waterlogged, light or dry soils. It forms dense swards leading to low botanical diversity and is widely cultivated for pasture and hay, and has become [[Naturalisation (biology)|naturalised]] in many areas outside its native range, including Australia and North America. | |||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
{{Commons category | {{Commons category}} | ||
*[http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?8738,8792,8797 Jepson Manual Treatment] | * [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?8738,8792,8797 Jepson Manual Treatment] | ||
*[ | * [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ALPR3 USDA Plants Profile] | ||
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110611145102/http://herbarium.usu.edu/webmanual/info2.asp?name=Alopecurus_pratensis&type=treatment Grass Manual Treatment] | * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110611145102/http://herbarium.usu.edu/webmanual/info2.asp?name=Alopecurus_pratensis&type=treatment Grass Manual Treatment] | ||
*[http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Alopecurus_praetensis.html Purdue Horticulture Full Profile] | * [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Alopecurus_praetensis.html Purdue Horticulture Full Profile] | ||
*[http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Alopecurus+pratensis Photo gallery] | * [http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Alopecurus+pratensis Photo gallery] | ||
{{Taxonbar|from=Q157346}} | {{Taxonbar|from=Q157346}} | ||
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[[Category:Bunchgrasses of Europe]] | [[Category:Bunchgrasses of Europe]] | ||
[[Category:Plants described in 1753]] | [[Category:Plants described in 1753]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Botanical taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]] | ||
Latest revision as of 22:50, 24 August 2025
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Alopecurus pratensis, known as the meadow foxtail[1] or the field meadow foxtail, is a perennial grass belonging to the grass family (Poaceae). It is native to Europe and Asia.
It is a common plant is found on grasslands, especially on neutral soils. It is found on moist, fertile soils, but avoids waterlogged, light or dry soils. It forms dense swards leading to low botanical diversity and is widely cultivated for pasture and hay, and has become naturalised in many areas outside its native range, including Australia and North America.
Description
It flowers from April until June – one of the earliest grasses to do so. Any survey work carried out in mid-summer may miss the grass as a result of this.
It can grow to a height of about Script error: No such module "convert".. The stem is erect and hard at the shaft, the sheathes being smooth and cylindrical. The leaves are about Script error: No such module "convert". wide and hairless. Meadow foxtail has a cylindrical inflorescence with glumes about Script error: No such module "convert". wide and spikelets about Script error: No such module "convert". long.
The ligule is Script error: No such module "convert". long, with a slightly tattered top.[2]
Similarity to other grassland species
Alopecurus pratensis has two common relatives, marsh foxtail (Alopecurus geniculatus) and black grass (A. myosuroides). It is often confused with timothy (Phleum pratense). Timothy flowers later, from June until August. Its spikelets have twin hornlike projections arranged in cylindrical panicles, while meadow foxtail has a single soft awn.
Ecology
The caterpillars of some lepidopterans use it as a foodplant, e.g. the Essex skipper (Thymelicus lineola). Additionally, male mosquitoes can often be found on this flower drinking the nectar out of it.
It is a known host to fungi. These include:[3]
- Cladosporium phlei
- Claviceps purpurea
- Erysiphe graminis
- Mastigosporium album
- Mastigosporium rubricosum
- Periconia hispidula
- Phaeoseptoria poae
- Rhynchosporium orthosporum
References
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- ↑ Template:BSBI 2007
- ↑ BSBI Description Template:Webarchive retrieved 1 December 2010.
- ↑ Helgi Hallgrímsson & Guðríður Gyða Eyjólfsdóttir (2004). Íslenskt sveppatal I - smásveppir [Checklist of Icelandic Fungi I - Microfungi. Fjölrit Náttúrufræðistofnunar. Náttúrufræðistofnun Íslands [Icelandic Institute of Natural History]. ISSN 1027-832X
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