Alcohol and weight: Difference between revisions

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{{cite journal |vauthors =Männistö S, Pietinen P, Haukka J, Ovaskainen ML, Albanes D, Virtamo J |title=Reported alcohol intake, diet and body mass index in male smokers |journal=Eur J Clin Nutr |volume=50 |issue=4 |pages=239–45 |date=April 1996 |pmid=8730611 }}<br/>
{{cite journal |vauthors =Männistö S, Pietinen P, Haukka J, Ovaskainen ML, Albanes D, Virtamo J |title=Reported alcohol intake, diet and body mass index in male smokers |journal=Eur J Clin Nutr |volume=50 |issue=4 |pages=239–45 |date=April 1996 |pmid=8730611 }}<br/>
{{cite journal |author =Prentice AM |title=Alcohol and obesity |journal=Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. |volume=19 |issue=Suppl 5|pages=S44–50 |date=November 1995 |pmid=8581112 }}
{{cite journal |author =Prentice AM |title=Alcohol and obesity |journal=Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. |volume=19 |issue=Suppl 5|pages=S44–50 |date=November 1995 |pmid=8581112 }}
</ref> Some of these studies are conducted with numerous subjects; one involved nearly 8,000 and another 140,000 subjects.{{Cn|date=December 2023}}
</ref> Some of these studies are conducted with numerous subjects; one involved nearly 8,000 and another 140,000 subjects.{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}}


Findings are inconclusive because [[Alcohol (drug)|alcohol]] itself contains seven [[Calorie|calories]] per [[gram]], but research suggests that the [[Human body|body]] only extracts 70-80 percent of this due to [[thermogenesis]], thus the [[Approximation|approximate]] number of [[Calorie|calories]] that can be utilized is between 5 and 6 [[Calorie|calories]] per gram of [[Alcohol (drug)|alcohol]].
Findings are inconclusive because [[Alcohol (drug)|alcohol]] itself contains seven [[calorie]]s per [[gram]], but research suggests that the [[Human body|body]] only extracts 70-80 percent of this due to [[thermogenesis]], thus the [[Approximation|approximate]] number of [[calorie]]s that can be utilized is between 5 and 6 [[calorie]]s per gram of [[Alcohol (drug)|alcohol]].


According to Kent Bunting,{{cn|date=December 2021}} the research results do not necessarily mean that people who wish to lose weight should continue to consume [[Alcohol (drug)|alcohol]] because consumption is known to have an enhancing effect on [[appetite]]. Due to these discrepancies in findings, the relationship between [[Alcohol (drug)|alcohol]] and [[Human body weight|weight]] remains unresolved and requires further research.
According to Cambridge University review, the research results do not necessarily mean that people who wish to lose weight should continue to consume [[Alcohol (drug)|alcohol]] because the review “suggests that adults do not compensate appropriately for alcohol energy by eating less, and a relatively modest alcohol dose may lead to an increase in food consumption.”<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kwok |first=Alastair |last2=Dordevic |first2=Aimee L. |last3=Paton |first3=Gemma |last4=Page |first4=MJ |last5=Truby |first5=Helen |date=March 2019 |title=Effect of alcohol consumption on food energy intake: a systematic review and meta-analysis |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition/article/effect-of-alcohol-consumption-on-food-energy-intake-a-systematic-review-and-metaanalysis/2F9AB5C64A86329EB9E817ADAEC3D88C?utm_campaign=shareaholic&utm_medium=copy_link&utm_source=bookmark |journal=British Journal of Nutrition |language=en |volume=121 |issue=5 |pages=481–495 |doi=10.1017/S0007114518003677 |issn=0007-1145}}</ref> Due to these discrepancies in findings, the relationship between [[Alcohol (drug)|alcohol]] and [[Human body weight|weight]] remains unresolved and requires further research.


[[Biology|Biological]] and [[Social environment|environmental]] factors are thought to contribute to [[alcoholism]] and [[obesity]].<ref name="Alcohol Studies 2003">UNC Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies. Alcoholism and Obesity: Overlapping Brain Pathways? Center Line. Vol 14, 2003.</ref> The [[Physiology|physiologic]] commonalities between [[Overeating|excessive eating]] and [[Alcoholism|excessive alcohol drinking]] shed light on intervention strategies, such as [[Pharmaceutical compounding|pharmaceutical compounds]] that may help those who suffer from both. Some of the [[brain]] [[signaling]] [[Protein|proteins]] that mediate [[Overeating|excessive eating]] and [[weight gain]] also mediate uncontrolled alcohol consumption.<ref name="Alcohol Studies 2003"/> Some [[Physiology|physiological]] substrates that underlie [[food]] intake and [[Alcohol (drug)|alcohol]] intake have been identified. [[Melanocortin|Melanocortins]], a group of [[signaling proteins]], are found to be involved in both [[Overeating|excessive food intake]] and [[Alcoholism|alcohol intake]].<ref>{{cite journal | author = Thiele  | display-authors = etal | year = 2004 | title = Overlapping Peptide Control of Alcohol Self-Administration and Feeding | journal = Alcohol Clin Exp Res | volume = 28 | issue = 2| pages = 288–294 | doi = 10.1097/01.alc.0000113777.87190.9c | pmid = 15112936 }}</ref>
[[Biology|Biological]] and [[Social environment|environmental]] factors are thought to contribute to [[alcoholism]] and [[obesity]].<ref name="Alcohol Studies 2003">UNC Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies. Alcoholism and Obesity: Overlapping Brain Pathways? Center Line. Vol 14, 2003.</ref> The [[Physiology|physiologic]] commonalities between [[Overeating|excessive eating]] and [[Alcoholism|excessive alcohol drinking]] shed light on intervention strategies, such as [[Pharmaceutical compounding|pharmaceutical compounds]] that may help those who suffer from both. Some of the [[brain]] [[signaling]] [[protein]]s that mediate [[Overeating|excessive eating]] and [[weight gain]] also mediate uncontrolled alcohol consumption.<ref name="Alcohol Studies 2003"/> Some [[Physiology|physiological]] substrates that underlie [[food]] intake and [[Alcohol (drug)|alcohol]] intake have been identified. [[Melanocortin]]s, a group of [[signaling proteins]], are found to be involved in both [[Overeating|excessive food intake]] and [[Alcoholism|alcohol intake]].<ref>{{cite journal | author = Thiele  | display-authors = etal | year = 2004 | title = Overlapping Peptide Control of Alcohol Self-Administration and Feeding | journal = Alcohol Clin Exp Res | volume = 28 | issue = 2| pages = 288–294 | doi = 10.1097/01.alc.0000113777.87190.9c | pmid = 15112936 }}</ref>


Certain patterns of [[Alcohol (drug)|alcohol]] use may contribute to [[obesity]]. A study found frequent, light drinkers (three to seven drinking days per week, one drink per drinking day) had lower [[Body mass index|BMIs]] than infrequent, but heavier drinkers.<ref name="Breslow 2001">{{cite journal | author = Breslow  | display-authors = etal | year = 2005 | title = Drinking Patterns and Body Mass Index in Never Smokers: National Health Interview Survey, 1997–2001 | journal = Am J Epidemiol | volume = 161 | issue = 4 | pages = 368–376 | doi = 10.1093/aje/kwi061 | pmid = 15692081 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Although [[Calorie|calories]] in [[Liquid|liquids]] containing [[ethanol]] may fail to trigger the [[Physiology|physiologic]] mechanism that produces the feeling of fullness in the short term, long-term, frequent drinkers may compensate for [[energy]] derived from [[ethanol]] by [[Fasting|eating less]].<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal | author = Cordain  | display-authors = etal | year = 1997 | title = Influence of moderate daily wine consumption on body weight regulation and metabolism in healthy free-living males | journal = J Am Coll Nutr | volume = 16 | issue = 2 | pages = 134–9 | doi = 10.1080/07315724.1997.10718663 | pmid = 9100213 }}</ref>
Certain patterns of [[Alcohol (drug)|alcohol]] use may contribute to [[obesity]]. A study found frequent, light drinkers (three to seven drinking days per week, one drink per drinking day) had lower [[Body mass index|BMIs]] than infrequent, but heavier drinkers.<ref name="Breslow 2001">{{cite journal | author = Breslow  | display-authors = etal | year = 2005 | title = Drinking Patterns and Body Mass Index in Never Smokers: National Health Interview Survey, 1997–2001 | journal = Am J Epidemiol | volume = 161 | issue = 4 | pages = 368–376 | doi = 10.1093/aje/kwi061 | pmid = 15692081 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Although [[calorie]]s in [[liquid]]s containing [[ethanol]] may fail to trigger the [[Physiology|physiologic]] mechanism that produces the feeling of fullness in the short term, long-term, frequent drinkers may compensate for [[energy]] derived from [[ethanol]] by [[Fasting|eating less]].<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal | author = Cordain  | display-authors = etal | year = 1997 | title = Influence of moderate daily wine consumption on body weight regulation and metabolism in healthy free-living males | journal = J Am Coll Nutr | volume = 16 | issue = 2 | pages = 134–9 | doi = 10.1080/07315724.1997.10718663 | pmid = 9100213 }}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 15:17, 28 June 2025

Template:Short description Template:More citations needed The relationship between alcohol consumption and body weight is the subject of inconclusive studies. Findings of these studies range from increase in body weight to a small decrease among women who begin consuming alcohol.[1][2] Some of these studies are conducted with numerous subjects; one involved nearly 8,000 and another 140,000 subjects.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Findings are inconclusive because alcohol itself contains seven calories per gram, but research suggests that the body only extracts 70-80 percent of this due to thermogenesis, thus the approximate number of calories that can be utilized is between 5 and 6 calories per gram of alcohol.

According to Cambridge University review, the research results do not necessarily mean that people who wish to lose weight should continue to consume alcohol because the review “suggests that adults do not compensate appropriately for alcohol energy by eating less, and a relatively modest alcohol dose may lead to an increase in food consumption.”[3] Due to these discrepancies in findings, the relationship between alcohol and weight remains unresolved and requires further research.

Biological and environmental factors are thought to contribute to alcoholism and obesity.[4] The physiologic commonalities between excessive eating and excessive alcohol drinking shed light on intervention strategies, such as pharmaceutical compounds that may help those who suffer from both. Some of the brain signaling proteins that mediate excessive eating and weight gain also mediate uncontrolled alcohol consumption.[4] Some physiological substrates that underlie food intake and alcohol intake have been identified. Melanocortins, a group of signaling proteins, are found to be involved in both excessive food intake and alcohol intake.[5]

Certain patterns of alcohol use may contribute to obesity. A study found frequent, light drinkers (three to seven drinking days per week, one drink per drinking day) had lower BMIs than infrequent, but heavier drinkers.[6] Although calories in liquids containing ethanol may fail to trigger the physiologic mechanism that produces the feeling of fullness in the short term, long-term, frequent drinkers may compensate for energy derived from ethanol by eating less.[7]

References

Template:Reflist

External links

Template:Alcohealth Template:Psychoactive substance use

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