Shem: Difference between revisions

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| children          = [[Elam, son of Shem|Elam]]<br />[[Ashur (Bible)|Ashur]]<br />[[Arphaxad]]<br />[[Lud, son of Shem|Lud]]<br />[[Aram, son of Shem|Aram]]
| children          = [[Elam, son of Shem|Elam]]<br />[[Ashur (Bible)|Ashur]]<br />[[Arphaxad]]<br />[[Lud, son of Shem|Lud]]<br />[[Aram, son of Shem|Aram]]
}}
}}
[[File:Shem, Ham and Japheth.jpg|thumb|''Shem, [[Ham (son of Noah)|Ham]] and [[Japheth]]'' by [[James Tissot]] {{ca}} 1900. Shem is on the far right with stereotypically Asian features.]]
[[File:Shem, Ham and Japheth.jpg|thumb|''Shem, [[Ham (son of Noah)|Ham]] and [[Japheth]]'' by [[James Tissot]] {{circa}} 1900. Shem is on the left with a similar skin color to other Biblical figures painted by Tissot.]]


'''Shem''' ({{IPAc-en|ʃ|ɛ|m}}; {{langx|he|שֵׁם}} ''Šēm''; {{langx|ar|سَام|Sām}}){{Efn|{{langx|el|Σήμ}} ''Sḗm''; [[Ge'ez language|Ge'ez]]: ሴም, ''Sēm''}} is one of the [[sons of Noah]] in the [[Bible]] ([[Book of Genesis|Genesis]] 5–11<ref>Genesis 5:32, 6:10; 7:13; 9:18, 23, 26–27; 10; 11:10</ref> and [[1 Chronicles]] 1:4).  
'''Shem''' ({{IPAc-en|ʃ|ɛ|m}}; {{langx|he|שֵׁם}} ''Šēm''; {{langx|ar|سَام|Sām}}){{Efn|{{langx|el|Σήμ}} ''Sḗm''; [[Ge'ez language|Ge'ez]]: ሴም, ''Sēm''}} is one of the [[sons of Noah]] in the [[Bible]] ([[Book of Genesis|Genesis]] 5–11<ref>Genesis 5:32, 6:10; 7:13; 9:18, 23, 26–27; 10; 11:10</ref> and [[1 Chronicles]] 1:4).


The children of Shem are [[Elam (Hebrew Bible)|Elam]], [[Ashur (Bible)|Ashur]], [[Arpachshad|Arphaxad]], [[Lud, son of Shem|Lud]] and [[Aram, son of Shem|Aram]], in addition to unnamed daughters. [[Abraham]], the patriarch of [[Jews]], [[Christians]], and [[Muslims]], is one of the descendants of Arphaxad.
The children of Shem are [[Elam (Hebrew Bible)|Elam]], [[Ashur (Bible)|Ashur]], [[Arpachshad|Arphaxad]], [[Lud, son of Shem|Lud]] and [[Aram, son of Shem|Aram]], in addition to unnamed daughters. [[Abraham]], the patriarch of [[Jews]], [[Christians]], and [[Muslims]], is one of the descendants of Arphaxad.


In [[Middle Ages|medieval]] and [[Early modern Europe|early modern European]] tradition he was considered to be the ancestor of the [[peoples of Asia]],<ref name="Medieval 1983, pp. 375-90">{{cite journal |last=Reynolds |first=Susan |author-link=Susan Reynolds |date=October 1983 |title=Medieval ''Origines Gentium'' and the Community of the Realm |journal=[[History (journal)|History]] |location=[[Chichester|Chichester, West Sussex]] |publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]] |volume=68 |issue=224 |pages=375–390 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-229X.1983.tb02193.x |jstor=24417596}}</ref><ref name="Ivane Javakhishvili 1950, pp. 130">[[Ivane Javakhishvili|Javakhishvili, Ivane]] (1950), ''Historical-Ethnological problems of Georgia, the Caucasus and the Near East''. [[Tbilisi]], pp. 130–135 (in [[Georgian language|Georgian]]).</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kidd |first=Colin |author-link=Colin Kidd |year=2004 |orig-date=1999 |title=British Identities Before Nationalism: Ethnicity and Nationhood in the Atlantic World, 1600-1800 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I2EIlJISeUMC&pg=PA28 |location=[[Cambridge]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=0-521-62403-7 |pages=28–31}}</ref> and he gives his name to the title "[[Semites]]" formerly given to West Asian peoples.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/who-are-the-semites/|title=Who Are the Semites?}}</ref>
In [[Middle Ages|medieval]] and [[early modern Europe]]an tradition he was considered to be the ancestor of the [[peoples of Asia]],<ref name="Medieval 1983, pp. 375-90">{{cite journal |last=Reynolds |first=Susan |author-link=Susan Reynolds |date=October 1983 |title=Medieval ''Origines Gentium'' and the Community of the Realm |journal=[[History (journal)|History]] |location=[[Chichester|Chichester, West Sussex]] |publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]] |volume=68 |issue=224 |pages=375–390 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-229X.1983.tb02193.x |jstor=24417596}}</ref><ref name="Ivane Javakhishvili 1950, pp. 130">[[Ivane Javakhishvili|Javakhishvili, Ivane]] (1950), ''Historical-Ethnological problems of Georgia, the Caucasus and the Near East''. [[Tbilisi]], pp. 130–135 (in [[Georgian language|Georgian]]).</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kidd |first=Colin |author-link=Colin Kidd |year=2004 |orig-date=1999 |title=British Identities Before Nationalism: Ethnicity and Nationhood in the Atlantic World, 1600-1800 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I2EIlJISeUMC&pg=PA28 |location=[[Cambridge]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=0-521-62403-7 |pages=28–31}}</ref> and he gives his name to the title "[[Semites]]" formerly given to West Asian peoples.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/who-are-the-semites/|title=Who Are the Semites?}}</ref>


Islamic literature describes Shem as one of the believing sons of [[Noah]]. Some sources even identify Shem as a prophet in his own right and that he was the next prophet after his father.<ref>Scott B. Noegel and Brannon M. Wheeler (2002). "Shem". In the ''Historical Dictionary of Prophets in Islam and Judaism''. p. 301</ref>  
Islamic literature describes Shem as one of the believing sons of [[Noah]]. Some sources even identify Shem as a prophet in his own right and that he was the next prophet after his father.<ref>Scott B. Noegel and Brannon M. Wheeler (2002). "Shem". In the ''Historical Dictionary of Prophets in Islam and Judaism''. p. 301</ref>  
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Excerpts from Genesis 11:10–27—(''Jewish Publication Society'' translation of 1917):
Excerpts from Genesis 11:10–27—(''Jewish Publication Society'' translation of 1917):
:'Shem was a hundred years old, and begot Arpachshad two years after the flood. ... Arpachshad lived five and thirty years, and begot Shelah. ''13'' And Arpachshad lived after he begot Shelah ... Shelah lived thirty years, and begot Eber. ... Eber lived four and thirty years, and begot Peleg. ... Peleg lived thirty years, and begot Reu. ... Reu lived two and thirty years, and begot Serug. '... Serug lived thirty years, and begot Nahor. ... Nahor lived nine and twenty years, and begot Terah. ... Terah lived seventy years, and begot Abram, Nahor, and Haran. ... and Haran begot Lot.{{cn|date=May 2025}}
:'Shem was a hundred years old, and begot Arpachshad two years after the flood. ... Arpachshad lived five and thirty years, and begot Shelah. ''13'' And Arpachshad lived after he begot Shelah ... Shelah lived thirty years, and begot Eber. ... Eber lived four and thirty years, and begot Peleg. ... Peleg lived thirty years, and begot Reu. ... Reu lived two and thirty years, and begot Serug. '... Serug lived thirty years, and begot Nahor. ... Nahor lived nine and twenty years, and begot Terah. ... Terah lived seventy years, and begot Abram, Nahor, and Haran. ... and Haran begot Lot.{{citation needed|date=May 2025}}


==In later Jewish sources==
==In later Jewish sources==
The 1st-century historian [[Flavius Josephus]] told a legendary, non-scriptural account that Shem's five sons were the progenitors of the nations of [[Elam]], [[Assyria]], [[Chaldea]], [[Lydia]], and [[Levant]]ine, respectively.<ref>Flavius Josephus, ''Antiquities of the Jews'', trans. William Whiston (University of Cambridge, 1737): book 1, ch. 6, v. 4; online at https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/ant-1.html</ref>
The 1st-century historian [[Flavius Josephus]] told a legendary, non-scriptural account that Shem's five sons were the progenitors of the nations of [[Elam]], [[Assyria]], [[Chaldea]], [[Lydia]], and [[Levant]]ine, respectively.<ref>Flavius Josephus, ''Antiquities of the Jews'', trans. William Whiston (University of Cambridge, 1737): book 1, ch. 6, v. 4; online at https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/ant-1.html</ref>


According to some Jewish traditions (e.g., [[B. Talmud]] [[Nedarim (tractate)|Nedarim]] 32b; [[Genesis Rabba]]h 46:7; Genesis Rabbah 56:10; [[Leviticus Rabbah]] 25:6; [[Numbers Rabbah]] 4:8.), Shem is believed to have been [[Melchizedek]], King of Salem, whom Abraham is recorded to have met after the [[Battle of Siddim|Battle of the Four Kings]].{{Cn|date=November 2022}}
According to some Jewish traditions (e.g., [[B. Talmud]] [[Nedarim (tractate)|Nedarim]] 32b; [[Genesis Rabba]]h 46:7; Genesis Rabbah 56:10; [[Leviticus Rabbah]] 25:6; [[Numbers Rabbah]] 4:8.), Shem is believed to have been [[Melchizedek]], King of Salem, whom Abraham is recorded to have met after the [[Battle of Siddim|Battle of the Four Kings]].<ref>Rubin, Mordechai "Who Was Melchizadek King of Salem? online at https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/1326593/jewish/Who-Was-Melchizedek-King-of-Salem.htm</ref>


A rabbinic document that surfaced in the 17th century, claiming to be the lost [[Sefer haYashar (midrash)|Book of Jasher]], provides some names not found in any other source.{{huh|date=December 2019}}
A rabbinic document that surfaced in the 17th century, claiming to be the lost [[Sefer haYashar (midrash)|Book of Jasher]], provides some names not found in any other source.{{clarify|date=December 2019}}


=={{anchor|Sam}} In Islam==
=={{anchor|Sam}} In Islam==
===Sunni Islam===
===Sunni Islam===
Shem is regarded by scholars to be the successor to Noah, receiving prophetic knowledge, enlightenment, and leadership of his people. Shem was also one of the people whom [[God]] had [[Jesus]] resurrect as a sign to the [[Children of Israel]].<ref>''Stories of the Prophets'', Ibn Kathir, ''Story of Jesus''</ref> Early Islamic historians like [[Ibn Ishaq]] and [[Ibn Hisham]] always included Shem's name in the genealogy of [[Muhammad]].<ref>Ibn Ishāq, ''Sīrat Rasūl Allāh'', tr. A. Guillaume (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), p. 3</ref>
Shem is regarded by scholars to be the successor to Noah, receiving prophetic knowledge, enlightenment, and leadership of his people. Shem was also one of the people whom [[God]] had [[Jesus]] resurrect as a sign to the [[Children of Israel]].<ref>''Stories of the Prophets'', Ibn Kathir, ''Story of Jesus''</ref> Early Islamic historians like [[Ibn Ishaq]] and [[Ibn Hisham]] always included Shem's name in the [[Family tree of Muhammad|genealogy of Muhammad]].<ref>Ibn Ishāq, ''Sīrat Rasūl Allāh'', tr. A. Guillaume (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), p. 3</ref>


===Shi'a Islam===
===Shi'a Islam===
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==In Mandaeism==
==In Mandaeism==
{{See also|Sam Ziwa}}
{{See also|Sam Ziwa}}
In [[Mandaeism|Mandaean]] scriptures such as the [[Ginza Rabba]] and [[Qulasta]], Shem is referred to as  ''Šum'' (or Shum; pronounced in [[Modern Mandaic]] as ''Šom'' (Shom)).<ref name="Häberl 2022">{{cite book | last=Häberl | first=Charles | url=https://www.liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/doi/book/10.3828/9781800856271 | title=The Book of Kings and the Explanations of This World: A Universal History from the Late Sasanian Empire | location=Liverpool | publisher=Liverpool University Press | date=2022 | isbn=978-1-80085-627-1 | page=10| doi=10.3828/9781800856271 | doi-broken-date=1 November 2024 }}</ref>  Shem is sometimes considered to be the progenitor of the [[Mandaeans]] and a prophet.<ref name=BSN>{{cite web|author=Brikhah S. Nasoraia|title=Sacred Text and Esoteric Praxis in Sabian Mandaean Religion|year=2012|url=http://isamveri.org/pdfdrg/D201813/2012_I/2012_I_NASORAIAB.pdf |page=45}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{cite book|last=Drower|first=Ethel Stefana|title=The Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran|publisher=Oxford At The Clarendon Press|year=1937 |page=186}}</ref>
In [[Mandaeism|Mandaean]] scriptures such as the [[Ginza Rabba]] and [[Qulasta]], Shem is referred to as  ''Šum'' (or Shum; pronounced in [[Modern Mandaic]] as ''Šom'' (Shom)).<ref name="Häberl 2022">{{cite book | last=Häberl | first=Charles | url=https://www.liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/doi/book/10.3828/9781800856271 | title=The Book of Kings and the Explanations of This World: A Universal History from the Late Sasanian Empire | location=Liverpool | publisher=Liverpool University Press | date=2022 | isbn=978-1-80085-627-1 | page=10| doi=10.3828/9781800856271 | doi-broken-date=12 July 2025 }}</ref>  Shem is sometimes considered to be the progenitor of the [[Mandaeans]] and a prophet.<ref name=BSN>{{cite web|author=Brikhah S. Nasoraia|title=Sacred Text and Esoteric Praxis in Sabian Mandaean Religion|year=2012|url=http://isamveri.org/pdfdrg/D201813/2012_I/2012_I_NASORAIAB.pdf |page=45}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{cite book|last=Drower|first=Ethel Stefana|title=The Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran|publisher=Oxford At The Clarendon Press|year=1937 |page=186}}</ref>


==Family tree==
==Family tree==
{{See also|Abraham's family tree}}
{{See also|Abraham's family tree}}


The following family tree contains information from the [[Hebrew Bible]], without data from any other sources.  
The following family tree contains information from the [[Hebrew Bible]], without data from any other sources.


{{chart/start|align=center}}
{{tree chart/start|align=center}}
{{chart| | | | | | | | | SHM | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SHM=Shem}}
{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | SHM | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SHM=Shem}}
{{chart| |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |}}
{{tree chart| |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |}}
{{chart| ELA | | ASH | | ARP | | LUD | | | | | | ARA | | | | | | |ELA=[[Elam (Hebrew Bible)|Elam]]|ASH=[[Ashur (Bible)|Ashur]]|ARP=[[Arpachshad]]|LUD=[[Lud, son of Shem|Lud]]|ARA=[[Aram, son of Shem|Aram]] }}
{{tree chart| ELA | | ASH | | ARP | | LUD | | | | | | ARA | | | | | | |ELA=[[Elam (Hebrew Bible)|Elam]]|ASH=[[Ashur (Bible)|Ashur]]|ARP=[[Arpachshad]]|LUD=[[Lud, son of Shem|Lud]]|ARA=[[Aram, son of Shem|Aram]] }}
{{chart| | | | | | | | | |!| | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | |!| | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{chart| | | | | | | | | SHE | | UZZ | | HUL | | GET | | MAS |SHE=[[Salah (biblical figure)|Salah]]|UZZ=[[Uz (son of Aram)|Uz]]|HUL=[[Hul]]|GET=[[Gether]]|MAS=[[Mash (biblical figure)|Mash]]}}
{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | SHE | | UZZ | | HUL | | GET | | MAS |SHE=[[Salah (biblical figure)|Salah]]|UZZ=[[Uz (son of Aram)|Uz]]|HUL=[[Hul]]|GET=[[Gether]]|MAS=[[Mash (biblical figure)|Mash]]}}
{{chart| | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{chart| | | | | | | | | EBE | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |EBE=[[Eber]]}}
{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | EBE | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |EBE=[[Eber]]}}
{{chart| | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{tree chart| | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{chart| | | | | | | PEL | | JOK | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |PEL=[[Peleg]]|JOK=[[Joktan]]}}
{{tree chart| | | | | | | PEL | | JOK | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |PEL=[[Peleg]]|JOK=[[Joktan]]}}
{{chart| | | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{tree chart| | | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{chart| | | | | | | REU | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |REU=[[Reu]]}}
{{tree chart| | | | | | | REU | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |REU=[[Reu]]}}
{{chart| | | | | | | |!| | | JOK | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |JOK=[[Almodad]]<br>[[Sheleph]]<br>[[Hazarmaveth]]<br>[[Jerah]]<br>[[Hadoram]]<br>[[Uzal]]<br>[[Diklah]]<br>[[Obal]]<br>[[Abimael]]<br>[[Sheba]]<br>[[Ophir (biblical figure)|Ophir]]<br>[[Havilah (son of Joktan)|Havilah]]<br>[[Jobab]]}}
{{tree chart| | | | | | | |!| | | JOK | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |JOK=[[Almodad]]<br>[[Sheleph]]<br>[[Hazarmaveth]]<br>[[Jerah]]<br>[[Hadoram]]<br>[[Uzal]]<br>[[Diklah]]<br>[[Obal]]<br>[[Abimael]]<br>[[Sheba]]<br>[[Ophir (biblical figure)|Ophir]]<br>[[Havilah (son of Joktan)|Havilah]]<br>[[Jobab]]}}
{{chart| | | | | | | Srg | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Srg=[[Serug]]}}
{{tree chart| | | | | | | Srg | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Srg=[[Serug]]}}
{{chart| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{tree chart| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{chart| | | | | | | NAH | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ||NAH=[[Nahor, son of Serug|Nahor]]}}
{{tree chart| | | | | | | NAH | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ||NAH=[[Nahor, son of Serug|Nahor]]}}
{{chart| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{tree chart| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{chart| | | | | | | TER | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |TER=[[Terah]]}}
{{tree chart| | | | | | | TER | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |TER=[[Terah]]}}
{{chart| |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{tree chart| |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{chart| | Abm |~| Srh | | Nhr | | Hrn | | | | | | | | | | | | |Srh=[[Sarah]]|Abm='''[[Abraham]]'''|Hgr=[[Hagar]]|Nhr=[[Nahor, son of Terah|Nahor]]|Hrn=[[Haran]]}}
{{tree chart| | Abm |~| Srh | | Nhr | | Hrn | | | | | | | | | | | | |Srh=[[Sarah]]|Abm='''[[Abraham]]'''|Hgr=[[Hagar]]|Nhr=[[Nahor, son of Terah|Nahor]]|Hrn=[[Haran]]}}
{{chart/end}}
{{tree chart/end}}


==In popular culture==
==In popular culture==

Latest revision as of 23:07, 19 November 2025

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "other uses". Script error: No such module "infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Main otherScript error: No such module "Check for clobbered parameters".Template:Wikidata image

File:Shem, Ham and Japheth.jpg
Shem, Ham and Japheth by James Tissot Template:Circa 1900. Shem is on the left with a similar skin color to other Biblical figures painted by Tissot.

Shem (Template:IPAc-en; Template:Langx Šēm; Template:Langx)Template:Efn is one of the sons of Noah in the Bible (Genesis 5–11[1] and 1 Chronicles 1:4).

The children of Shem are Elam, Ashur, Arphaxad, Lud and Aram, in addition to unnamed daughters. Abraham, the patriarch of Jews, Christians, and Muslims, is one of the descendants of Arphaxad.

In medieval and early modern European tradition he was considered to be the ancestor of the peoples of Asia,[2][3][4] and he gives his name to the title "Semites" formerly given to West Asian peoples.[5]

Islamic literature describes Shem as one of the believing sons of Noah. Some sources even identify Shem as a prophet in his own right and that he was the next prophet after his father.[6]

File:Josephustable 3.svg
Geographic identifications for the Sons of Noah (Flavius Josephus, Template:Circa); Shem's sons are in green.

In the Bible

Genesis 10

Genesis 10:21 refers to relative ages of Shem and his brother Japheth, but with sufficient ambiguity to have yielded different English translations. The verse is translated in the King James Version as: "Unto Shem also, the father of all the children of Eber, the brother of Japheth the elder, even to him were children born."[7] However, the New American Standard Bible gives: "Also to Shem, the father of all the children of Eber, and the older brother of Japheth, children were born".[8]

According to Genesis 10:22–31 (Jewish Publication Society translation of 1917):

22 The sons of Shem: Elam, and Asshur, and Arpachshad, and Lud, and Aram. 23 And the sons of Aram: Uz, and Hul, and Gether, and Mash. 24 And Arpachshad begot Shelah; and Shelah begot Eber. 25 And unto Eber were born two sons; the name of the one was Peleg; for in his days was the earth divided; and his brother's name was Joktan. 26 And Joktan begot Almodad, and Sheleph, and Hazarmaveth, and Jerah; 27 and Hadoram, and Uzal, and Diklah; 28 and Obal, and Abimael, and Sheba; 29 and Ophir, and Havilah, and Jobab; all these were the sons of Joktan. 30 And their dwelling was from Mesha, as thou goest toward Sephar, unto the mountain of the east. 31 These are the sons of Shem, after their families, after their tongues, in their lands, after their nations. 32 These are the families of the sons of Noah, after their generations, in their nations; and of these were the nations divided in the earth after the flood.[9]

Genesis 11

Genesis 11:10 records that Shem was 100 years old at the birth of Arphaxad, two years after the flood; and that he lived for another 500 years after this, making his age at death 600 years.

Excerpts from Genesis 11:10–27—(Jewish Publication Society translation of 1917):

'Shem was a hundred years old, and begot Arpachshad two years after the flood. ... Arpachshad lived five and thirty years, and begot Shelah. 13 And Arpachshad lived after he begot Shelah ... Shelah lived thirty years, and begot Eber. ... Eber lived four and thirty years, and begot Peleg. ... Peleg lived thirty years, and begot Reu. ... Reu lived two and thirty years, and begot Serug. '... Serug lived thirty years, and begot Nahor. ... Nahor lived nine and twenty years, and begot Terah. ... Terah lived seventy years, and begot Abram, Nahor, and Haran. ... and Haran begot Lot.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

In later Jewish sources

The 1st-century historian Flavius Josephus told a legendary, non-scriptural account that Shem's five sons were the progenitors of the nations of Elam, Assyria, Chaldea, Lydia, and Levantine, respectively.[10]

According to some Jewish traditions (e.g., B. Talmud Nedarim 32b; Genesis Rabbah 46:7; Genesis Rabbah 56:10; Leviticus Rabbah 25:6; Numbers Rabbah 4:8.), Shem is believed to have been Melchizedek, King of Salem, whom Abraham is recorded to have met after the Battle of the Four Kings.[11]

A rabbinic document that surfaced in the 17th century, claiming to be the lost Book of Jasher, provides some names not found in any other source.Template:Clarify

Script error: No such module "anchor". In Islam

Sunni Islam

Shem is regarded by scholars to be the successor to Noah, receiving prophetic knowledge, enlightenment, and leadership of his people. Shem was also one of the people whom God had Jesus resurrect as a sign to the Children of Israel.[12] Early Islamic historians like Ibn Ishaq and Ibn Hisham always included Shem's name in the genealogy of Muhammad.[13]

Shi'a Islam

In a Shiite tradition Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq has narrated to his companions that Jibrael visited Noah close to the time of his death, relaying God's message: "Oh Noah! Your prophethood has expired and your days are complete, so look to the Great Name, the inheritance and effects of the knowledge of prophethood, and hand these over to your son, Sam (Shem), for I do not leave the Earth except that there is a knowledgeable one by which obedience to Me (God) can be recognized..."[14]

In Gnosticism

The Paraphrase of Shem, which contains ideas unique to other Gnostic scriptures,[15] states that Shem was the first being on Earth. Unlike traditional Sethian literature, Seth is not seen as the father of the followers of Gnosticism, rather it is Shem, who receives a divine revelation from a spiritual savior named Derkedeas. Shem later helps bring his universal teaching of secret knowledge to humanity before the forces of darkness attempt to destroy the world with a great flood.[16]

In Mandaeism

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". In Mandaean scriptures such as the Ginza Rabba and Qulasta, Shem is referred to as Šum (or Shum; pronounced in Modern Mandaic as Šom (Shom)).[17] Shem is sometimes considered to be the progenitor of the Mandaeans and a prophet.[18][19]

Family tree

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The following family tree contains information from the Hebrew Bible, without data from any other sources.

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In popular culture

File:T and O map Guntherus Ziner 1472.jpg
This T and O map, from the first printed version of Isidore's Etymologiae (Augsburg 1472), identifies the three known continents (Asia, Europe and Africa) as respectively populated by descendants of Sem (Shem), Iafeth (Japheth) and Cham (Ham).
Year Film Actor Note
1928 Noah's Ark Malcolm Waite Second role
1936 The Green Pastures Ray Martin All-black cast
1966 The Bible: In the Beginning... Peter Heinze
1988 Stowaways on the Ark Stefan Gossler Named as 'Sam'
1999 Noah's Ark (miniseries) Mark Bazeley
2007 Noah's Ark Oscar Cheda Animation film
2014 Noah Gavin Casalegno (juvenile)
Douglas Booth (adult)
2015 The Ark Michael Fox

See also

Notes

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References

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Bibliography

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External links

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Template:Sons of Noah Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Adam to Muhammad Template:Noah's Ark Template:Muslim saints Template:Authority control

  1. ↑ Genesis 5:32, 6:10; 7:13; 9:18, 23, 26–27; 10; 11:10
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Javakhishvili, Ivane (1950), Historical-Ethnological problems of Georgia, the Caucasus and the Near East. Tbilisi, pp. 130–135 (in Georgian).
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Scott B. Noegel and Brannon M. Wheeler (2002). "Shem". In the Historical Dictionary of Prophets in Islam and Judaism. p. 301
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Flavius Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, trans. William Whiston (University of Cambridge, 1737): book 1, ch. 6, v. 4; online at https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/ant-1.html
  11. ↑ Rubin, Mordechai "Who Was Melchizadek King of Salem? online at https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/1326593/jewish/Who-Was-Melchizedek-King-of-Salem.htm
  12. ↑ Stories of the Prophets, Ibn Kathir, Story of Jesus
  13. ↑ Ibn Ishāq, Sīrat Rasūl Allāh, tr. A. Guillaume (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), p. 3
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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