Romantic orientation: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 23:22, 21 October 2025

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Script error: No such module "Distinguish". Romantic orientation, also called affectional orientation, is the classification of the sex or gender which a person experiences romantic attraction towards or is likely to have a romantic relationship with. The term is used alongside the term "sexual orientation", as well as being used alternatively to it, based upon the perspective that sexual attraction is only a single component of a larger concept.^[1]

For example, a pansexual person--who may feel sexually attracted to people regardless of gender--might experience romantic attraction toward only women and feel romantic intimacy only with women.

For asexual people, romantic orientation is often considered a more useful measure of attraction than sexual orientation.^[2]^[3]

The relationship between sexual attraction and romantic attraction is still under debate.^[4]^[5]

Sexual and romantic attractions are often studied in conjunction. Even though studies of sexual and romantic spectrums are shedding light onto this under-researched subject, much is still not fully understood.^[6]Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists

Romantic identities

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People may or may not engage in purely emotional romantic relationships. The main identities relating to this are:^[2]^[3]^[7]^[8]

Aromantic, meaning someone who experiences little to no romantic attraction (aromanticism).^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]
- For identities within the aromantic spectrum, see Aromantic spectrum.
Alloromantic or zedromantic:^[15]^[16] Not aromantic (alloromanticism or zedromanticism).^[17]^[18]^[19]
- Monoromantic: Romantic attraction towards person(s) of only one gender (monoromanticism).^[20]^[21]^[16]
  - Androromantic: Romantic attraction towards men or masculinity (androromanticism).^[22]^[23]^[24]
  - Gyneromantic or gynoromantic: Romantic attraction towards women or femininity (gyneromanticism or gynoromanticism).^[25]^[26]^[27]
  - Template:Visible anchor: Romantic attraction towards person(s) of the opposite gender (heteroromanticism).^[28]
  - Template:Visible anchor: Romantic attraction towards person(s) of the same gender (homoromanticism).
- Script error: No such module "anchor".Multiromantic or pluriromantic: Romantic attraction towards person(s) of multiple genders (multiromanticism or pluriromanticism).^[29]^[30]^[31]
  - Template:Visible anchor or ambiromantic: Romantic attraction towards two genders, or person(s) of the same and other genders (biromanticism or ambiromanticism).^[22]^[32] Sometimes used the same way as panromantic or multiromantic.^[33]^[8]^[34]^[35]
  - Template:Visible anchor or omniromantic:^[34] Romantic attraction towards person(s) regardless of gender or of any, every, and all genders (panromanticism or omniromanticism).^[34]^[36]^[37]
  - Template:Vanchor: Romantic attraction towards person(s) of various, but not all, genders (polyromanticism).^[38]
- Script error: No such module "anchor". Skolioromantic or ceteroromantic: Romantic attraction towards genderqueer or non-binary person(s) (skolioromanticism or ceteroromanticism).^[32]^[39]^[16]
Abroromantic: Fluid between romantic identities or in romantic attraction (abroromanticism).^[40]^[41] Not to be confused with aroflux.^[42]
Pomoromantic: Rejecting preexisting romantic labels (pomoromanticism).^[32]^[22]

Relationship with sexual orientation and asexuality

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The implications of the distinction between romantic and sexual orientations have not been fully recognized, nor have they been studied extensively.^[43] It is common for sources to describe sexual orientation as including components of both sexual and romantic (or romantic equivalent) attractions.^[5]^[43] Publications investigating the relationship between sexual orientation and romantic orientation are limited. Challenges in collecting information result from survey participants having difficulty identifying or distinguishing between sexual and romantic attractions.^[5]^[44]^[45] Asexual individuals experience little to no sexual attraction (see gray asexuality); however, they may still experience romantic attraction.^[46]^[47] Lisa M. Diamond states that a person's romantic orientation can differ from whom the person is sexually attracted to.^[4] While there is limited research on the discordance between sexual attraction and romantic attraction in individuals, the possibility of fluidity and diversity in attractions have been progressively recognized.^[48]^[49] Researchers Bulmer and Izuma found that people who identify as aromantic often have more negative attitudes in relation to romance. While roughly 1% of the population identifies as asexual, 74% of those people reported having some form of romantic attraction.^[35]

A concept commonly used by people that experience discordant romantic and sexual attraction is the split attraction model, which tries to explain that romantic and sexual attractions are not exclusively tied together and is often used by people of the asexual and aromantic community to explain their differing romantic versus sexual orientations. The abbreviation aroace (or aro-ace) can be used for someone who is both aromantic ('aro') and asexual ('ace').^[50]

Symbols and Flags

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References

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↑ Crethar, H. C. & Vargas, L. A. (2007). Multicultural intricacies in professional counseling. In J. Gregoire & C. Jungers (Eds.), The counselor’s companion: What every beginning counselor needs to know. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Template:ISBN. p.61.
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[1] Crethar, H. C. & Vargas, L. A. (2007). Multicultural intricacies in professional counseling. In J. Gregoire & C. Jungers (Eds.), The counselor’s companion: What every beginning counselor needs to know. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Template:ISBN. p.61.

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@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 '''Romantic orientation''', also called '''affectional orientation''', is the classification of the [[sex]] or [[gender]] which a person experiences [[romantic attraction]] towards or is likely to have a [[romantic relationship]] with. The term is used alongside the term "[[sexual orientation]]", as well as being used alternatively to it, based upon the perspective that [[sexual attraction]] is only a single component of [[Interpersonal attraction|a larger concept]].<ref>Crethar, H. C. & Vargas, L. A. (2007). ''Multicultural intricacies in professional counseling.'' In J. Gregoire & C. Jungers (Eds.), The counselor’s companion: What every beginning counselor needs to know. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. {{ISBN|0-8058-5684-6}}. p.61.</ref>
-For example, although a [[pansexuality|pansexual]] person may feel sexually attracted to people regardless of gender, the person may experience romantic attraction and intimacy, for example, with women only.
+For example, a [[pansexuality|pansexual]] person--who may feel sexually attracted to people regardless of gender--might experience romantic attraction toward only women and feel romantic intimacy only with women.
 For [[Asexuality|asexual]] people, romantic orientation is often considered a more useful measure of attraction than sexual orientation.<ref name="Richards and Barker">{{cite book|first1=Christina|last1=Richards|first2=Meg|last2=Barker|title=Sexuality and Gender for Mental Health Professionals: A Practical Guide|isbn=978-1-4462-9313-3|publisher=[[SAGE Publications|SAGE]]|year=2013|pages=124–127|access-date=July 3, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uSiXAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT124|archive-date=July 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706223115/https://books.google.com/books?id=uSiXAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT124|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Cerankowski and Milks">{{cite book|first1=Karli June|last1=Cerankowski|first2=Megan|last2=Milks|title=Asexualities: Feminist and Queer Perspectives|isbn=978-1-134-69253-8|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2014|pages=89–93|access-date=July 3, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zLgTAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA89|archive-date=July 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706223122/https://books.google.com/books?id=zLgTAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA89|url-status=live}}</ref>
-The relationship between sexual attraction and romantic attraction is still under debate.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{cite journal |last1=Van Houdenhove |first1=Ellen |last2=Gijs |first2=Luk |last3=T'Sjoen |first3=Guy |last4=Enzlin |first4=Paul |title=Asexuality: A Multidimensional Approach |journal=The Journal of Sex Research |date=24 July 2015 |volume=52 |issue=6 |pages=669–678 |doi=10.1080/00224499.2014.898015 |pmid=24750031 |s2cid=35875780 }}</ref> Sexual and romantic attractions are often studied in conjunction. Even though studies of sexual and romantic spectrums are shedding light onto this under-researched subject, much is still not fully understood.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hammack |first1=Phillip L. |last2=Frost |first2=David M. |last3=Hughes |first3=Sam D. |title=Queer Intimacies: A New Paradigm for the Study of Relationship Diversity |journal=The Journal of Sex Research |date=13 June 2019 |volume=56 |issue=4–5 |pages=556–592 |doi=10.1080/00224499.2018.1531281 |pmid=30362833 |s2cid=53102365 |url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/285899t4 }}</ref>
+The relationship between sexual attraction and romantic attraction is still under debate.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{cite journal |last1=Van Houdenhove |first1=Ellen |last2=Gijs |first2=Luk |last3=T'Sjoen |first3=Guy |last4=Enzlin |first4=Paul |title=Asexuality: A Multidimensional Approach |journal=The Journal of Sex Research |date=24 July 2015 |volume=52 |issue=6 |pages=669–678 |doi=10.1080/00224499.2014.898015 |pmid=24750031 |s2cid=35875780 }}</ref>
+Sexual and romantic attractions are often studied in conjunction. Even though studies of sexual and romantic spectrums are shedding light onto this under-researched subject, much is still not fully understood.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hammack |first1=Phillip L. |last2=Frost |first2=David M. |last3=Hughes |first3=Sam D. |title=Queer Intimacies: A New Paradigm for the Study of Relationship Diversity |journal=The Journal of Sex Research |date=13 June 2019 |volume=56 |issue=4–5 |pages=556–592 |doi=10.1080/00224499.2018.1531281 |pmid=30362833 |s2cid=53102365 |url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/285899t4 |archive-date=May 16, 2022 |access-date=March 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516112631/https://escholarship.org/uc/item/285899t4 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{LGBTQ sidebar}}
 ==Romantic identities==
@@ Line 19: / Line 21: @@
 * '''[[Aromantic]]''', meaning someone who experiences little to no romantic attraction (aromanticism).<ref>{{cite thesis |last1=Bougie |first1=C. |title=Composing aromanticism |date=May 2021 |doi=10.32469/10355/85832}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-18 |title=5 things you should know about aromantic people |url=https://www.stonewall.org.uk/about-us/news/5-things-you-should-know-about-aromantic-people |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226060725/https://www.stonewall.org.uk/about-us/news/5-things-you-should-know-about-aromantic-people |archive-date=February 26, 2022 |access-date=2022-02-26 |website=Stonewall |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-29 |title=Never Been Interested in Romance? You Could Be Aromantic |url=https://psychcentral.com/health/what-is-aromantic |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325222124/https://psychcentral.com/health/what-is-aromantic |archive-date=March 25, 2023 |access-date=2022-02-26 |website=Psych Central |language=en}}</ref><ref name="theguardian">{{cite news |author=Josh Salisbury |title=Meet the aromantics: 'I'm not cold – I just don't have any romantic feelings' &#124; Life and style |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/oct/11/meet-the-aromantics-not-cold-dont-have-romantic-feelings-sex |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210407054453/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/oct/11/meet-the-aromantics-not-cold-dont-have-romantic-feelings-sex |archive-date=April 7, 2021 |access-date=2018-04-15 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Przybylo |first1=Ela |last2=Gupta |first2=Kristina |date=2020 |title=Editorial Introduction: The Erotics of Asexualities and Nonsexualities: Intersectional Approaches |journal=Feminist Formations |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=vii–xxi |doi=10.1353/ff.2020.0034 |s2cid=235009367 |id={{Project MUSE|777127}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=11 February 2015 |title=GLAAD - A is for Asexual, Agender, Aromantic |url=https://www.glaad.org/blog/asexual-agender-aromantic |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326211810/https://www.glaad.org/blog/asexual-agender-aromantic |archive-date=March 26, 2023 |access-date=26 March 2023}}</ref>
 ** ''For identities within the aromantic spectrum, see [[Aromantic spectrum]]''.
-* '''[[Alloromantic]]''' or '''zedromantic''':<ref>{{Cite journal |url=https://read.dukeupress.edu/american-speech/article/98/1/104/360022/Among-the-New-Words |access-date=2024-04-17 |journal=American Speech |doi=10.1215/00031283-10579494 |title=Among the New Words |date=2023 |last1=Zimmer |first1=Benjamin |last2=Wright |first2=Kelly E. |last3=Hughes |first3=Brianne |last4=Zhang |first4=Lynn |last5=McLean |first5=Jaidan |last6=Carson |first6=Charles E. |volume=98 |pages=104–119 }}</ref><ref name=":6" /> Not aromantic (alloromanticism or zedromanticism).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Barron |first=Victoria |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BDSdEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22omniromantic%22&pg=PT4 |title=Perfectly Queer: An Illustrated Introduction |date=2023-02-21 |publisher=Jessica Kingsley Publishers |isbn=978-1-83997-409-0 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tessler |first1=Hannah |title=Aromanticism, asexuality, and relationship (non-)formation: How a-spec singles challenge romantic norms and reimagine family life |journal=Sexualities |date=23 August 2023 |volume=28 |issue=1–2 |pages=514–535 |doi=10.1177/13634607231197061 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Niemira |first1=Jan C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DcqPDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22alloromantic%22&pg=PA133 |title=Sex, Sexuality, and Trans Identities: Clinical Guidance for Psychotherapists and Counselors |last2=Jacobson |first2=Gary J. |last3=Violeta |first3=Karalyn J. |date=2019-09-19 |publisher=Jessica Kingsley Publishers |isbn=978-1-78592-618-1 |language=en}}</ref>
+* '''[[Alloromantic]]''' or '''zedromantic''':<ref>{{Cite journal |url=https://read.dukeupress.edu/american-speech/article/98/1/104/360022/Among-the-New-Words |access-date=2024-04-17 |journal=American Speech |doi=10.1215/00031283-10579494 |title=Among the New Words |date=2023 |last1=Zimmer |first1=Benjamin |last2=Wright |first2=Kelly E. |last3=Hughes |first3=Brianne |last4=Zhang |first4=Lynn |last5=McLean |first5=Jaidan |last6=Carson |first6=Charles E. |volume=98 |pages=104–119 |archive-date=April 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240420224256/https://read.dukeupress.edu/american-speech/article/98/1/104/360022/Among-the-New-Words |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":6" /> Not aromantic (alloromanticism or zedromanticism).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Barron |first=Victoria |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BDSdEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22omniromantic%22&pg=PT4 |title=Perfectly Queer: An Illustrated Introduction |date=2023-02-21 |publisher=Jessica Kingsley Publishers |isbn=978-1-83997-409-0 |language=en |archive-date=December 2, 2024 |access-date=April 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202180637/https://books.google.com/books?id=BDSdEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22omniromantic%22&pg=PT4 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tessler |first1=Hannah |title=Aromanticism, asexuality, and relationship (non-)formation: How a-spec singles challenge romantic norms and reimagine family life |journal=Sexualities |date=23 August 2023 |volume=28 |issue=1–2 |pages=514–535 |doi=10.1177/13634607231197061 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Niemira |first1=Jan C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DcqPDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22alloromantic%22&pg=PA133 |title=Sex, Sexuality, and Trans Identities: Clinical Guidance for Psychotherapists and Counselors |last2=Jacobson |first2=Gary J. |last3=Violeta |first3=Karalyn J. |date=2019-09-19 |publisher=Jessica Kingsley Publishers |isbn=978-1-78592-618-1 |language=en}}</ref>
 ** '''Monoromantic''': Romantic attraction towards person(s) of only one gender (monoromanticism).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sharmat |first=Madeline |date=2023-06-08 |title=All Bi Myself: The Relationship Between Bisexuality and Self-Essentialism |url=https://via.library.depaul.edu/csh_etd/474 |journal=College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Matheson |first1=Lauren P. |last2=Blair |first2=Karen L. |title=From continua to kaleidoscopes: How plurisexuality challenges traditional conceptualizations of sexual orientation |journal=The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality |date=September 2023 |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=151–163 |doi=10.3138/cjhs.2023-0022 }}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Dyer |first=Harriet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uVmuEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22skolioromantic%22&pg=PT6 |title=From Ace to Ze: The Little Book of LGBT Terms |date=2018-05-10 |publisher=Summersdale |isbn=978-1-78685-696-8 |language=en}}</ref>
 *** '''[[Androromantic]]''': Romantic attraction towards men or masculinity (androromanticism).<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Steelman |first1=Sarah M. |last2=Hertlein |first2=Katherine M. |title=Underexplored Identities: Attending to Asexuality in Therapeutic Contexts |journal=Journal of Family Psychotherapy |date=2 April 2016 |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=85–98 |doi=10.1080/08975353.2016.1169014 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thurer |first=Shari |date=2023 |title=Beyond the Binary : Essays on Gender |url=https://www.torrossa.com/en/resources/an/5624597 |journal=Phoenix Publishing House |language=en |pages=1–124}}</ref>
@@ Line 30: / Line 32: @@
 *** {{Vanchor|Polyromantic|text='''Polyromantic'''|Polyromanticism}}: Romantic attraction towards person(s) of various, but not all, genders (polyromanticism).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Carrigan |first1=Mark |last2=Gupta |first2=Kristina |last3=Morrison |first3=Todd G. |title=Asexuality special theme issue editorial |journal=Psychology and Sexuality |date=May 2013 |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=111–120 |doi=10.1080/19419899.2013.774160 }}</ref>
 **{{Anchor|Ceteroromantic|Skolioromantic}} '''[[Skolioromantic]]''' or '''ceteroromantic''': Romantic attraction towards [[genderqueer]] or [[non-binary]] person(s) (skolioromanticism or ceteroromanticism).<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{cite thesis |last1=Chessin |first1=Krista Ellise |title=The sexual and romantic orientation scale: a measure of sexual and romantic orientation as separate dimensions |date=2019 |hdl=10211.3/213654 }}</ref><ref name=":6" />
-*'''[[Abroromantic]]''': Fluid between romantic identities or in romantic attraction (abroromanticism).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-22 |title=The experiences of UK LGBT+ communities during the COVID-19 pandemic |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356109851 |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=National Centre for Social Research |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis |title=Exploring the Experiences of South Asian Students in Undergraduate Programmes: A Case Study in a New Zealand University |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10292/13228 |publisher=Auckland University of Technology |date=2020 |language=en |first=Ali |last=Rasheed|hdl=10292/13228 }}</ref> Not to be confused with [[aroflux]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rendle |first=Samantha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yv6oEAAAQBAJ&dq=aroflux+aromantic&pg=PP1 |title=Hopeless Aromantic: An Affirmative Guide to Aromanticism |date=2023-07-21 |publisher=Jessica Kingsley Publishers |isbn=978-1-83997-368-0 |language=en}}</ref>
+*'''[[Abroromantic]]''': Fluid between romantic identities or in romantic attraction (abroromanticism).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-22 |title=The experiences of UK LGBT+ communities during the COVID-19 pandemic |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356109851 |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=National Centre for Social Research |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis |title=Exploring the Experiences of South Asian Students in Undergraduate Programmes: A Case Study in a New Zealand University |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10292/13228 |publisher=Auckland University of Technology |date=2020 |language=en |first=Ali |last=Rasheed|hdl=10292/13228 }}</ref> Not to be confused with [[aroflux]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rendle |first=Samantha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yv6oEAAAQBAJ&dq=aroflux+aromantic&pg=PP1 |title=Hopeless Aromantic: An Affirmative Guide to Aromanticism |date=2023-07-21 |publisher=Jessica Kingsley Publishers |isbn=978-1-83997-368-0 |language=en |archive-date=December 2, 2024 |access-date=May 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202214945/https://books.google.com/books?id=Yv6oEAAAQBAJ&dq=aroflux%20aromantic&pg=PP1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 * '''[[Pomoromantic]]''': Rejecting preexisting romantic labels (pomoromanticism).<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":3" />
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 A concept commonly used by people that experience discordant romantic and sexual attraction is the [[split attraction model]], which tries to explain that romantic and sexual attractions are not exclusively tied together and is often used by people of the asexual and aromantic community to explain their differing romantic versus sexual orientations. The abbreviation aroace (or aro-ace) can be used for someone who is both aromantic ('aro') and asexual ('ace').<ref>{{cite web |title=aro-ace |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/aro-ace |website=Collins Dictionary |access-date=11 September 2024}}</ref>
+== Symbols and Flags ==
+{{gallery|File:Aromantic Pride Flag.svg|[[Aromantic]] pride flag|File:Homoromantic Pride Flag.png|Homoromantic pride flag|Biromantic asexual pride flag.svg|Biromantic Asexual pride flag|File:Biromantic Pride Flag (By pride-flags).webp|A proposal for a Biromantic pride flag|File:Panromantic Pride Flag.webp|Panromantic pride flag|File:Ceteroromantic or Skolioromantic Pride flag.webp|Ceteroromantic pride flag|mode=nolines|whitebg=y|height=100}}
 == See also ==

Romantic orientation: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 23:22, 21 October 2025

Contents

Romantic identities

Relationship with sexual orientation and asexuality

Symbols and Flags

See also

References

Further reading

Navigation menu

Romantic orientation: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 23:22, 21 October 2025

Romantic identities

Relationship with sexual orientation and asexuality

Symbols and Flags

See also

References

Further reading

Navigation menu

Search