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==Early chess prodigies== | ==Early chess prodigies== | ||
Early chess prodigies included [[Paul Morphy]] (1837–1884) and [[José Raúl Capablanca]] (1888–1942), both of whom won matches against strong adult opponents at the age of 12, and [[Samuel Reshevsky]] (1911–1992), who was giving [[simultaneous exhibition]]s at the age of six.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=2858|title=Chess prodigies and mini-grandmasters|date=10 January 2006|access-date=8 August 2017}}</ref> Morphy went on to become the world's leading player before the formal title of [[World chess championship|World Champion]] existed. Capablanca became the third World Champion, and Reshevsky—while never attaining the title—was amongst the world's elite players for many decades. | Early chess prodigies included [[Paul Morphy]] (1837–1884) and [[José Raúl Capablanca]] (1888–1942), both of whom won matches against strong adult opponents at the age of 12, and [[Samuel Reshevsky]] (1911–1992), who was giving [[simultaneous exhibition]]s at the age of six.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=2858|title=Chess prodigies and mini-grandmasters|date=10 January 2006|access-date=8 August 2017}}</ref> Morphy went on to become the world's leading player before the formal title of [[World chess championship|World Champion]] existed. Capablanca became the third World Champion, and Reshevsky—while never attaining the title—was amongst the world's elite players for many decades. | ||
[[Arturo Pomar]] (1931–2016) was another to be labelled a prodigy by chess writers.<ref>{{cite book | author=Saidy, Anthony | author-link=Anthony Saidy | author2=Lessing, Norman | author2-link=Norman Lessing | title=The World of Chess | publisher=William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. | year=1974 | isbn=0-394-48777-X | page=13}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | author=Whyld, Kenneth | title=Guinness Chess, The Records | publisher=Guinness Publishing Ltd | year=1986 | isbn= 0851124550 | page=259}}</ref> He played his first international tournament (Madrid 1943) at the age of 11 and went on to become Spain's first [[Grandmaster (chess)|grandmaster]]. | [[Arturo Pomar]] (1931–2016) was another to be labelled a prodigy by chess writers.<ref>{{cite book | author=Saidy, Anthony | author-link=Anthony Saidy | author2=Lessing, Norman | author2-link=Norman Lessing | title=The World of Chess | publisher=William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. | year=1974 | isbn=0-394-48777-X | page=13}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | author=Whyld, Kenneth | title=Guinness Chess, The Records | publisher=Guinness Publishing Ltd | year=1986 | isbn= 0851124550 | page=259}}</ref> He played his first international tournament (Madrid 1943) at the age of 11 and went on to become Spain's first [[Grandmaster (chess)|grandmaster]]. | ||
[[Jutta Hempel]] (born 1960) at the age of 6 played 12 simultaneous games and won 9.5-2.5.<ref name=Chessgames>[http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessplayer?pid=90005 The chess games of Jutta Hempel]. ChessGames.com. Accessed November 29, 2024.</ref> | |||
== Youngest to defeat a grandmaster == | == Youngest to defeat a grandmaster == | ||
There is often widespread attention when a young player defeats a Grandmaster, whether in a standard tournament game or less formal conditions. | There is often widespread attention when a young player defeats a Grandmaster, whether in a standard tournament game or less formal conditions. | ||
[[File:Magnus Carlsen versus Ivan Sokolov.jpg|thumb|13-year-old [[Magnus Carlsen]] playing against 35-year-old [[Ivan Sokolov (chess player)|Ivan Sokolov]] in 2004]] | [[File:Magnus Carlsen versus Ivan Sokolov.jpg|thumb|13-year-old [[Magnus Carlsen]] playing against 35-year-old [[Ivan Sokolov (chess player)|Ivan Sokolov]] in 2004]] | ||
===Formal conditions=== | ===Formal conditions=== | ||
The youngest player to defeat a grandmaster under standard [[time control]]s is Ashwath Kaushik, who in February 2024 defeated [[Jacek Stopa]] at the age of 8 years, 6 months, and 11 days. | The youngest player to defeat a grandmaster under standard [[time control]]s is [[Ashwath Kaushik]] of Singapore, who in February 2024 defeated [[Jacek Stopa]] at the age of 8 years, 6 months, and 11 days.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
The previous record was set by Leonid Ivanovic, who in January 2024 defeated [[Milko Popchev]] at the Novogodisnji rating ŠSB in Belgrade, Serbia at the age of 8 years, 11 months, and 7 days.<ref>{{cite web|date=21 January 2024|title=8-Year-Old Makes History Becoming Youngest To Beat Grandmaster In Classical Chess|url=https://www.chess.com/news/view/8-year-old-becomes-youngest-to-beat-grandmaster-in-classical-chess#:~:text=Leonid%20Ivanovic%20from%20Serbia%20has,a%20grandmaster%20in%20classical%20chess.|work=chess.com|first=Tarjei|last=Svensen}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=22 January 2024|title=Eight Year Old Leonid Ivanoivc Becomes Youngest Player To Beat GM In Classical Chess|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!sports/eight-year-old-leonid-ivanoivc-becomes-youngest-player-to-beat-gm-in-classical-chess-enn24012204404}}</ref> | The previous record was set by [[Leonid Ivanovic]] of Serbia, who in January 2024 defeated [[Milko Popchev]] at the Novogodisnji rating ŠSB in Belgrade, Serbia at the age of 8 years, 11 months, and 7 days.<ref>{{cite web|date=21 January 2024|title=8-Year-Old Makes History Becoming Youngest To Beat Grandmaster In Classical Chess|url=https://www.chess.com/news/view/8-year-old-becomes-youngest-to-beat-grandmaster-in-classical-chess#:~:text=Leonid%20Ivanovic%20from%20Serbia%20has,a%20grandmaster%20in%20classical%20chess.|work=chess.com|first=Tarjei|last=Svensen}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=22 January 2024|title=Eight Year Old Leonid Ivanoivc Becomes Youngest Player To Beat GM In Classical Chess|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!sports/eight-year-old-leonid-ivanoivc-becomes-youngest-player-to-beat-gm-in-classical-chess-enn24012204404}}</ref> | ||
Aarit Kapil, at | In January 2025, [[Aarit Kapil]] of India became the third youngest player worldwide to defeat a Grandmaster under classical time controls, at the age of 9 years, 2 months, and 18 days old.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Gaur |first=Sagar |date=2024-12-09 |title=9-year-old Aarit Kapil becomes youngest Indian to beat a chess Grandmaster |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/chess/9-year-old-aarit-kapil-becomes-youngest-indian-to-beat-a-chess-grandmaster-9714953/ |access-date=2025-01-24 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> | ||
===Informal conditions=== | ===Informal conditions=== | ||
| Line 30: | Line 33: | ||
==List of youngest grandmasters==<!-- This section is linked from [[Grandmaster (chess)]] --> | ==List of youngest grandmasters==<!-- This section is linked from [[Grandmaster (chess)]] --> | ||
Since 1950, when the [[Grandmaster (chess)|Grandmaster]] (GM) title was introduced by [[FIDE]], one measure of chess prodigies is the age at which they gain the GM title. Below are players who have held the record for the youngest grandmaster; the age listed is the age at which they [[Norm (chess)#Grandmaster norm|qualified for the title]]. This is not equal to the age at which they officially became grandmasters, because GM titles can only be awarded at FIDE congresses. The country listed indicates the federation the player was affiliated with at the time of gaining the title, not their current or later affiliation. The first record holder was [[David Bronstein]], who was the youngest of the 27 inaugural players to be awarded the title by FIDE in 1950 at age 26; the record is currently held by [[Abhimanyu Mishra]], who qualified at age 12. | Since 1950, when the [[Grandmaster (chess)|Grandmaster]] (GM) title was introduced by [[FIDE]], one measure of chess prodigies is the age at which they gain the GM title. Below are players who have held the record for the youngest grandmaster; the age listed is the age at which they [[Norm (chess)#Grandmaster norm|qualified for the title]]. This is not equal to the age at which they officially became grandmasters, because GM titles can only be awarded at FIDE congresses. The country listed indicates the federation the player was affiliated with at the time of gaining the title, not their current or later affiliation. The first record holder was [[David Bronstein]], who was the youngest of the 27 inaugural players to be awarded the title by FIDE in 1950 at age 26; the record is currently held by [[Abhimanyu Mishra]], who qualified at age 12. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+List of youngest | |+List of WR holders for the "youngest grandmaster" title since 1950 | ||
!Year !!Player !!Country !!Age | !Year !!Player !!Country !!Age | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 64: | Line 67: | ||
| 1999 || [[Bu Xiangzhi]] || {{CHN}} || 13 years, 10 months, 13 days | | 1999 || [[Bu Xiangzhi]] || {{CHN}} || 13 years, 10 months, 13 days | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 2002 || [[Sergey Karjakin]] || {{ | | 2002 || [[Sergey Karjakin]] || {{RUS}} || 12 years, 7 months, 0 days | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 2021 || [[Abhimanyu Mishra]] || {{USA}} || 12 years, 4 months, 25 days<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guinness World Records Young Achievers - Abhimanyu Mishra |url=https://kids.guinnessworldrecords.com/records/young-achievers/abhimanyu-mishra |access-date=2023-07-02 |website=Guinness World Records |language=en-GB}}</ref> | | 2021 || [[Abhimanyu Mishra]] || {{USA}} || 12 years, 4 months, 25 days<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guinness World Records Young Achievers - Abhimanyu Mishra |url=https://kids.guinnessworldrecords.com/records/young-achievers/abhimanyu-mishra |access-date=2023-07-02 |website=Guinness World Records |language=en-GB}}</ref> | ||
|} | |} | ||
This is a list of the players who fulfilled the requirements to attain the title of Grandmaster before their 14th birthday. | This is a list of the players who fulfilled the requirements to attain the title of Grandmaster before their 14th birthday. Players in italics have been [[Candidates Tournament|candidates]] for the World Chess Championship. Players in bold are or have been the [[World Chess Champion]]. | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|+ | |+Grandmasters younger than 14 years old | ||
!Player !!Country !!Age !!Birth year | !Player !!Country !!Age !!Birth year | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Abhimanyu Mishra]] || {{USA}} || 12 years, 4 months, 25 days || 2009 | | [[Abhimanyu Mishra]] || {{USA}} || 12 years, 4 months, 25 days || 2009 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Sergey Karjakin]] || {{ | | <em>[[Sergey Karjakin]] </em> || {{RUS}} || 12 years, 7 months, 0 days || 1990 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Gukesh Dommaraju]] || {{IND}} || 12 years, 7 months, 17 days || 2006 | | '''[[Gukesh Dommaraju]]''' || {{IND}} || 12 years, 7 months, 17 days || 2006 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Yağız Kaan Erdoğmuş]] || {{TUR}} || 12 years, 9 months, 29 days || 2011 | | [[Yağız Kaan Erdoğmuş]] || {{TUR}} || 12 years, 9 months, 29 days || 2011 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Javokhir Sindarov]] || {{UZB}} || 12 years, 10 months, | | <em>[[Javokhir Sindarov]]</em> || {{UZB}} || 12 years, 10 months, 8 days<ref>{{cite web|first=Macauley|last=Peterson|date=18 October 2018|title=Sindarov: second youngest GM ever|url=https://en.chessbase.com/post/javokhir-sindarov-second-youngest-gm-ever|website=[[ChessBase]]|archive-url=https://archive.today/20250822175943/https://en.chessbase.com/post/javokhir-sindarov-second-youngest-gm-ever|archive-date=22 August 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> || 2005 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[R Praggnanandhaa]] || {{IND}} || 12 years, 10 months, 13 days || 2005 | | <em>[[R Praggnanandhaa]]</em> || {{IND}} || 12 years, 10 months, 13 days || 2005 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Nodirbek Abdusattorov]] || {{UZB}} || 13 years, 1 month, 11 days || 2004 | | [[Nodirbek Abdusattorov]] || {{UZB}} || 13 years, 1 month, 11 days || 2004 | ||
| Line 91: | Line 94: | ||
| [[Parimarjan Negi]] || {{IND}} || 13 years, 4 months, 22 days || 1993 | | [[Parimarjan Negi]] || {{IND}} || 13 years, 4 months, 22 days || 1993 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Magnus Carlsen]] || {{NOR}} || 13 years, 4 months, 27 days || 1990 | | '''[[Magnus Carlsen]]''' || {{NOR}} || 13 years, 4 months, 27 days || 1990 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Ivan Zemlyanskii]] || {{RUS}} || 13 years, 8 months, 21 days || 2010 | | [[Ivan Zemlyanskii]] || {{RUS}} || 13 years, 8 months, 21 days || 2010 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Wei Yi]] || {{CHN}} || 13 years, 8 months, 23 days<ref>[http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=8880 Wei Yi has become the youngest GM in the world] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130228183844/http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=8880 |date=28 February 2013 }}</ref> || 1999 | | <em>[[Wei Yi]]</em> || {{CHN}} || 13 years, 8 months, 23 days<ref>[http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=8880 Wei Yi has become the youngest GM in the world] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130228183844/http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=8880 |date=28 February 2013 }}</ref> || 1999 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Andy Woodward (chess player)|Andy Woodward]] || {{USA}} || 13 years, 8 months, 28 days || 2010 | | [[Andy Woodward (chess player)|Andy Woodward]] || {{USA}} || 13 years, 8 months, 28 days || 2010 | ||
| Line 105: | Line 108: | ||
| [[Samuel Sevian]] || {{USA}} || 13 years, 10 months, 27 days<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fox2now.com/2014/11/23/youngest-ever-american-chess-grandmaster-crowned-in-st-louis/|title=Youngest-ever American Chess Grandmaster crowned in St. Louis|date=23 November 2014|access-date=8 August 2017}}</ref> || 2000 | | [[Samuel Sevian]] || {{USA}} || 13 years, 10 months, 27 days<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fox2now.com/2014/11/23/youngest-ever-american-chess-grandmaster-crowned-in-st-louis/|title=Youngest-ever American Chess Grandmaster crowned in St. Louis|date=23 November 2014|access-date=8 August 2017}}</ref> || 2000 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Richárd Rapport]] || {{HUN}} || 13 years, 11 months, 6 days<ref>{{cite web|url=http://players.chessdom.com/richard-rapport-gotth-art-kupa|title=Richard Rapport Becomes Hungary's Youngest Grandmaster - Chessdom|website=players.chessdom.com|access-date=8 August 2017|archive-date=28 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728003532/http://players.chessdom.com/richard-rapport-gotth-art-kupa|url-status=dead}}</ref> || 1996 | | <em>[[Richárd Rapport]]</em> || {{HUN}} || 13 years, 11 months, 6 days<ref>{{cite web|url=http://players.chessdom.com/richard-rapport-gotth-art-kupa|title=Richard Rapport Becomes Hungary's Youngest Grandmaster - Chessdom|website=players.chessdom.com|access-date=8 August 2017|archive-date=28 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728003532/http://players.chessdom.com/richard-rapport-gotth-art-kupa|url-status=dead}}</ref> || 1996 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 111: | Line 114: | ||
===List of youngest female grandmasters=== | ===List of youngest female grandmasters=== | ||
Below are the holders of the record for the youngest female player to qualify for the grandmaster title (not to be confused with the | Below are the holders of the record for the youngest female player to qualify for the grandmaster title (not to be confused with the [[Woman Grandmaster]] title). ([[Judit Polgár]] was also the youngest player of any gender to qualify for the grandmaster title when she did so.):<ref name="jpolgar_1" /><ref name="jpolgar_2" /> | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
Latest revision as of 07:25, 1 January 2026
A chess prodigy is a young child who possesses an aptitude for the game of chess that far exceeds what might be expected at their age. Their prodigious talent will often enable them to defeat experienced adult players and even titled chess masters. Some chess prodigies have progressed to become grandmasters or even World Chess Champions.
Early chess prodigies
Early chess prodigies included Paul Morphy (1837–1884) and José Raúl Capablanca (1888–1942), both of whom won matches against strong adult opponents at the age of 12, and Samuel Reshevsky (1911–1992), who was giving simultaneous exhibitions at the age of six.[1] Morphy went on to become the world's leading player before the formal title of World Champion existed. Capablanca became the third World Champion, and Reshevsky—while never attaining the title—was amongst the world's elite players for many decades.
Arturo Pomar (1931–2016) was another to be labelled a prodigy by chess writers.[2][3] He played his first international tournament (Madrid 1943) at the age of 11 and went on to become Spain's first grandmaster.
Jutta Hempel (born 1960) at the age of 6 played 12 simultaneous games and won 9.5-2.5.[4]
Youngest to defeat a grandmaster
There is often widespread attention when a young player defeats a Grandmaster, whether in a standard tournament game or less formal conditions.
Formal conditions
The youngest player to defeat a grandmaster under standard time controls is Ashwath Kaushik of Singapore, who in February 2024 defeated Jacek Stopa at the age of 8 years, 6 months, and 11 days.[5]
The previous record was set by Leonid Ivanovic of Serbia, who in January 2024 defeated Milko Popchev at the Novogodisnji rating ŠSB in Belgrade, Serbia at the age of 8 years, 11 months, and 7 days.[6][7]
In January 2025, Aarit Kapil of India became the third youngest player worldwide to defeat a Grandmaster under classical time controls, at the age of 9 years, 2 months, and 18 days old.[5]
Informal conditions
In 1976, a ten-year-old Nigel Short beat Viktor Korchnoi as a participant in a simultaneous exhibition, the only game Korchnoi lost in the event.[8]
In 1999, David Howell defeated John Nunn in a blitz game at the age of eight.[8]
In 2021, 10-year-old Frederick Waldhausen Gordon, from Scotland, won against GM Bogdan Lalic in an online rapid 10+5 game in the ECF Grand Prix Rapid Event 1 held on lichess.org.[9][10][11]
In 2023, 8-year-old Roman Shogdzhiev, from Russia, defeated GM Jakhongir Vakhidov and GM Johan-Sebastian Christiansen in the World Rapid Chess Championship 2023,[12] and after a couple of days defeated GM Kirill Shevchenko, GM Alan Pichot and GM Pranav V in the World Blitz Chess Championship 2023.[13]
List of youngest grandmasters
Since 1950, when the Grandmaster (GM) title was introduced by FIDE, one measure of chess prodigies is the age at which they gain the GM title. Below are players who have held the record for the youngest grandmaster; the age listed is the age at which they qualified for the title. This is not equal to the age at which they officially became grandmasters, because GM titles can only be awarded at FIDE congresses. The country listed indicates the federation the player was affiliated with at the time of gaining the title, not their current or later affiliation. The first record holder was David Bronstein, who was the youngest of the 27 inaugural players to be awarded the title by FIDE in 1950 at age 26; the record is currently held by Abhimanyu Mishra, who qualified at age 12.
| Year | Player | Country | Age |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | David Bronstein | Script error: No such module "flag". | 26 years |
| 1952 | Tigran Petrosian | Script error: No such module "flag". | 23 years |
| 1955 | Boris Spassky | Script error: No such module "flag". | 18 years |
| 1958 | Bobby Fischer | Script error: No such module "flag". | 15 years, 6 months, 1 day |
| 1991 | Judit Polgár | Script error: No such module "flag". | 15 years, 4 months, 28 days[14][15] |
| 1994 | Péter Lékó | Script error: No such module "flag". | 14 years, 4 months, 22 days |
| 1997 | Étienne Bacrot | Script error: No such module "flag". | 14 years, 2 months, 0 days |
| 1997 | Ruslan Ponomariov | Script error: No such module "flag". | 14 years, 0 months, 17 days |
| 1999 | Bu Xiangzhi | Script error: No such module "flag". | 13 years, 10 months, 13 days |
| 2002 | Sergey Karjakin | Script error: No such module "flag". | 12 years, 7 months, 0 days |
| 2021 | Abhimanyu Mishra | Script error: No such module "flag". | 12 years, 4 months, 25 days[16] |
This is a list of the players who fulfilled the requirements to attain the title of Grandmaster before their 14th birthday. Players in italics have been candidates for the World Chess Championship. Players in bold are or have been the World Chess Champion.
| Player | Country | Age | Birth year |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abhimanyu Mishra | Script error: No such module "flag". | 12 years, 4 months, 25 days | 2009 |
| Sergey Karjakin | Script error: No such module "flag". | 12 years, 7 months, 0 days | 1990 |
| Gukesh Dommaraju | Script error: No such module "flag". | 12 years, 7 months, 17 days | 2006 |
| Yağız Kaan Erdoğmuş | Script error: No such module "flag". | 12 years, 9 months, 29 days | 2011 |
| Javokhir Sindarov | Script error: No such module "flag". | 12 years, 10 months, 8 days[17] | 2005 |
| R Praggnanandhaa | Script error: No such module "flag". | 12 years, 10 months, 13 days | 2005 |
| Nodirbek Abdusattorov | Script error: No such module "flag". | 13 years, 1 month, 11 days | 2004 |
| Parimarjan Negi | Script error: No such module "flag". | 13 years, 4 months, 22 days | 1993 |
| Magnus Carlsen | Script error: No such module "flag". | 13 years, 4 months, 27 days | 1990 |
| Ivan Zemlyanskii | Script error: No such module "flag". | 13 years, 8 months, 21 days | 2010 |
| Wei Yi | Script error: No such module "flag". | 13 years, 8 months, 23 days[18] | 1999 |
| Andy Woodward | Script error: No such module "flag". | 13 years, 8 months, 28 days | 2010 |
| Raunak Sadhwani | Script error: No such module "flag". | 13 years, 9 months, 28 days[19] | 2005 |
| Bu Xiangzhi | Script error: No such module "flag". | 13 years, 10 months, 13 days | 1985 |
| Samuel Sevian | Script error: No such module "flag". | 13 years, 10 months, 27 days[20] | 2000 |
| Richárd Rapport | Script error: No such module "flag". | 13 years, 11 months, 6 days[21] | 1996 |
Note: Karjakin has changed federations since attaining the grandmaster title.
List of youngest female grandmasters
Below are the holders of the record for the youngest female player to qualify for the grandmaster title (not to be confused with the Woman Grandmaster title). (Judit Polgár was also the youngest player of any gender to qualify for the grandmaster title when she did so.):[14][15]
| Year | Player | Country | Age |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1978 | Nona Gaprindashvili | Script error: No such module "flag". | 37 years |
| 1984 | Maia Chiburdanidze | Script error: No such module "flag". | 23 years |
| 1991 | Susan Polgar | Script error: No such module "flag". | 21 years |
| 1991 | Judit Polgár | Script error: No such module "flag". | 15 years, 4 months[14][15] |
| 2002 | Koneru Humpy | Script error: No such module "flag". | 15 years, 1 month[22][23] |
| 2008 | Hou Yifan | Script error: No such module "flag". | 14 years, 6 months[24] |
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ The chess games of Jutta Hempel. ChessGames.com. Accessed November 29, 2024.
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c Template:Cite Chessgames.com game
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Wei Yi has become the youngest GM in the world Template:Webarchive
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ WWCC - Nalchik 2008 - and now there are just four! Template:Webarchive, FIDE web site, 9 September 2008
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External links
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