Bushehr: Difference between revisions
imported>PAper GOL Added population figures |
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| pushpin_label_position = | | pushpin_label_position = | ||
| pushpin_map_caption = | | pushpin_map_caption = | ||
| mapframe = yes | |||
| mapframe-zoom = 10 | |||
| mapframe-marker = city | |||
| mapframe-shape = yes | |||
| mapframe-caption = Map of the Bushehr | |||
| pushpin_mapsize = | | pushpin_mapsize = | ||
| subdivision_type = Country | | subdivision_type = Country | ||
| subdivision_name = | | subdivision_name = Iran | ||
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Iran|Province]] | | subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Iran|Province]] | ||
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bushehr province|Bushehr]] | | subdivision_name1 = [[Bushehr province|Bushehr]] | ||
| subdivision_type2 = [[Counties of Iran|County]] | | subdivision_type2 = [[Counties of Iran|County]] | ||
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bushehr County|Bushehr]] | | subdivision_name2 = [[Bushehr County|Bushehr]] | ||
| subdivision_type3 = [[Bakhsh|District]] | | subdivision_type3 = [[Bakhsh (administrative division)|District]] | ||
| subdivision_name3 = [[Central District (Bushehr County)|Central]] | | subdivision_name3 = [[Central District (Bushehr County)|Central]] | ||
| subdivision_type4 = | | subdivision_type4 = | ||
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| utc_offset = +3:30 | | utc_offset = +3:30 | ||
| coordinates = {{coord|28|55|35|N|50|51|05|E|dim:4km|display=inline,title}} | | coordinates = {{coord|28|55|35|N|50|51|05|E|dim:4km|display=inline,title}} | ||
|coordinates_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite map|author=((OpenStreetMap contributors))|url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=28.926389&mlon=50.851389&zoom=13#map=13/28.92639/50.85139|website=[[OpenStreetMap]]|title=Bushehr, Bushehr County|date=25 August 2024|access-date=25 August 2024|lang=fa}}</ref> | |coordinates_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite map|author=((OpenStreetMap contributors))|url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=28.926389&mlon=50.851389&zoom=13#map=13/28.92639/50.85139|website=[[OpenStreetMap]]|title=Bushehr, Bakhsh-e-Markazi of Bushehr County, Bushehr County, Bushehr Province, Iran|date=25 August 2024|access-date=25 August 2024|lang=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Google Maps |title=WVG2+HH2 Bushehr, Bushehr Province, Iran |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/28°55'35.0%22N+50°51'05.0%22E/@28.926389,50.851389,19664m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m4!3m3!8m2!3d28.926389!4d50.851389?hl=en&entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI1MDYxMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D |access-date=17 June 2025}}</ref> | ||
| elevation_m = 18 | | elevation_m = 18 | ||
| elevation_ft = | | elevation_ft = | ||
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| footnotes = | | footnotes = | ||
| name = | | name = | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Bushehr''' ({{langx|fa|بوشهر}}; {{IPA|fa|buːˈʃe(h)ɾ||fa-Bushehr.ogg}}){{efn|Also [[romanize]]d as '''Būshehr'''; also known as '''Abu Shehr''', '''Abuschehr''', '''Bandar Abu Shehr''', '''Bouchehr''', '''Buschir''', '''Busehr''', and '''Bushire'''; also '''Bandar Bushehr''' and '''Bandar-e-Bushehr''' (بندر بوشهر), also romanized as '''Bandar Būshehr''' and '''Bandar-e Būshehr'''<ref>{{GEOnet3|-3057164}}</ref>}} is a port city in the [[Central District (Bushehr County)|Central District]] of [[Bushehr County]], [[Bushehr province|Bushehr | '''Bushehr''' ({{langx|fa|بوشهر}}; {{IPA|fa|buːˈʃe(h)ɾ||fa-Bushehr.ogg}}){{efn|Also [[romanize]]d as '''Būshehr'''; also known as '''Abu Shehr''', '''Abuschehr''', '''Bandar Abu Shehr''', '''Bouchehr''', '''Buschir''', '''Busehr''', and '''Bushire'''; also '''Bandar Bushehr''' and '''Bandar-e-Bushehr''' (بندر بوشهر), also romanized as '''Bandar Būshehr''' and '''Bandar-e Būshehr'''<ref>{{GEOnet3|-3057164}}</ref>}} is a port city in the [[Central District (Bushehr County)|Central District]] of [[Bushehr County]], [[Bushehr province|Bushehr province, Iran]]. It is the capital of the province, the county and the district.<ref name="Bushehr Province Structure"> {{cite web |first=Hassan |last=Habibi |author-link=Hassan Habibi |orig-date={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|تاریخ تصویب}} (Approval date) 1369/06/21 (Iranian Jalali calendar) |date=12 September 1990 <!-- Converted 'Approval date' using https://www.iranchamber.com/calendar/converter/iranian_calendar_converter.php --> |script-title=fa:تصویب سازمان و سلسله تابعیت عناصر و واحدهای تقسیمات کشوری استان بوشهر به مرکزیت شهر بوشهر |trans-title=Approval of the organization and the hierarchy of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Bushehr province with the city of Bushehr as its capital |url=https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/116966 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250612170843/https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/116966 |archive-date=12 June 2025 |access-date=13 June 2025 |website={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|لام تا کام}} [Lam ta Kam] |publisher={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|وزارت کشور}} [Ministry of the Interior] |agency={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|کمیسیون سیاسی دفاعی هیأت دولت}} [Political Defense Commission of the Government Board] |language=fa |id={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|شناسه}} [ID] 51E6AB17-6790-42EF-804B-D38845E50FAD. {{lang|fa|rtl=yes|شماره دوره}} [Course number] 69, {{lang|fa|rtl=yes|شماره جلد}} [Volume number] 3.}}</ref> | ||
== Etymology == | == Etymology == | ||
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=== Rise === | === Rise === | ||
In 1734, | |||
In 1734, Iranian military commander [[Nader Shah]] made Bushehr (then still a minor fishing village) the headquarters of the Persian Gulf fleet that he sought to create.{{sfn|de Planhol|1990}}{{sfn|Perry|2017}} This marked the start of Bushehr's rising importance. In order to build a massive warship, Nader even brought heavy wood from [[Mazandaran]]'s forests, which was 1,000 km away from Bushehr. The shell of this ship drew notice from European travelers for the next 50 years. The naval aspirations of Nader ended when he was murdered in 1747, but Bushehr continued to serve as a prominent port for at least the following 150 years. Between 1737 and 1753, the [[Dutch East India Company]] operated a trading post in Bushehr.{{sfn|Perry|2017}} | |||
In 1763 the Arab ruler of Bushehr [[Sheikh]] [[Nasr Al-Madhkur]] granted the [[British East India Company]] the right to build a base and trading post there. It was used as a base by the [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Royal Navy]] in the late 18th century. In the 19th century, Bushehr became an important commercial port. It was occupied by British forces in 1856, during the [[Anglo-Persian War]] 1856-1857. Bushehr surrendered to the British on 9 December 1856. | |||
Aside from Bushehr's strategic significance—being situated 300 km from [[Shiraz]] and 600 km from that of [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]]-ruled [[Basra]]—the place offered few benefits and numerous drawbacks. The town and its surrounding area were somewhat shielded by the interior's hilly terrain and narrow gorges, but were still vulnerable to pirate intrusion. In the 19th century, European ships had to dock around four kilometers offshore and transfer freight and passengers through small boats due to the shallow path to both the shoreline and the bay. Despite the numerous [[windcatcher]]s on top of the houses, the water in the wells was salty, and the summer heat and humidity were unbearable.{{sfn|Perry|2017}} | Aside from Bushehr's strategic significance—being situated 300 km from [[Shiraz]] and 600 km from that of [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]]-ruled [[Basra]]—the place offered few benefits and numerous drawbacks. The town and its surrounding area were somewhat shielded by the interior's hilly terrain and narrow gorges, but were still vulnerable to pirate intrusion. In the 19th century, European ships had to dock around four kilometers offshore and transfer freight and passengers through small boats due to the shallow path to both the shoreline and the bay. Despite the numerous [[windcatcher]]s on top of the houses, the water in the wells was salty, and the summer heat and humidity were unbearable.{{sfn|Perry|2017}} | ||
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{{bar percent|Mixed|red|42.4}} | {{bar percent|Mixed|red|42.4}} | ||
{{bar percent|[[Dialects of Fars|Bushehri]]|orange|25}} | {{bar percent|[[Dialects of Fars|Bushehri]]|orange|25}} | ||
{{bar percent|[[ | {{bar percent|[[persian language|persian]]|yellow|23.4}} | ||
{{bar percent|[[Arabic]]|blue|2.23}} | {{bar percent|[[Arabic]]|blue|2.23}} | ||
{{bar percent|[[Koroshi dialect|Koroshi Balochi]]|brown|0.05}} | {{bar percent|[[Koroshi dialect|Koroshi Balochi]]|brown|0.05}} | ||
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|2016 |223,504<ref name="2016 Bushehr Province"/> | |2016 |223,504<ref name="2016 Bushehr Province"/> | ||
}} | }} | ||
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 161,674 people in 25,158 households.<ref name="2006 Bushehr Province">{{cite | At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 161,674 people in 25,158 households.<ref name="2006 Bushehr Province"> {{cite web |script-title=fa:سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1385 : استان بوشهر |trans-title=General Population and Housing Census 2006: Bushehr Province |language=fa |website={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|مرکز آمار ایران}} [Statistical Centre of Iran] |url=http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/18.xls |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920093422/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/18.xls |archive-date=20 September 2011 |format=Excel |access-date=17 June 2025}}</ref> The census in 2011 counted 195,222 people in 52,204 households.<ref name="2011 Bushehr Province"> {{cite web |script-title=fa:سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1390 : استان بوشهر |trans-title=General Population and Housing Census 2011: Bushehr Province |language=fa |website=Iran Data Portal—Syracuse University |url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Bushehr.xls |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403085236/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Bushehr.xls |archive-date=3 April 2023 |agency={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|مرکز آمار ایران}} [Statistical Centre of Iran] |format=Excel |access-date=17 June 2025}}</ref> The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 223,504 people in 63,820 households.<ref name="2016 Bushehr Province"> {{cite web |script-title=fa:سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1395 : استان بوشهر |trans-title=General Population and Housing Census 2016: Bushehr Province |language=fa |website={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|مرکز آمار ایران}} [Statistical Centre of Iran] |url=https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_18.xlsx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803212745/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_18.xlsx |archive-date=3 August 2017 |format=Excel |access-date=17 June 2025}}</ref> | ||
== Climate == | == Climate == | ||
| Line 162: | Line 167: | ||
|Jul record high C = 50.0 | |Jul record high C = 50.0 | ||
|Aug record high C = 47.0 | |Aug record high C = 47.0 | ||
|Sep record high C = | |Sep record high C = 48.5 | ||
|Oct record high C = 41.0 | |Oct record high C = 41.0 | ||
|Nov record high C = 35.4 | |Nov record high C = 35.4 | ||
Latest revision as of 20:16, 6 December 2025
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Bushehr (Template:Langx; Script error: No such module "IPA".)Template:Efn is a port city in the Central District of Bushehr County, Bushehr province, Iran. It is the capital of the province, the county and the district.[1]
Etymology
The roots of the name "Bushehr" are uncertain. It is unlikely that it is derived from Abū Šahr ("father of the city"), a theory which remains popular. It may be an abbreviation of Bokht-Ardashir ("Ardashir has given"), though this is not backed by conclusive evidence.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn [1].
History
Origins
A number of alleged premodern references to Bushehr, including the first made by an Arab geographer in 1225, have been disputed as perhaps alluding to the modern city of Reishahr, a harbor 10 km to the south, where archaeological evidence points to the presence of a much older settlement.Template:Sfn Reishahr is also most likely equivalent to the town of Mesambria, a place the Greeks knew since the campaign of Nearchus (died 300 BC), and which also has been occasionally identified with Bushehr.Template:Sfn
Rise
In 1734, Iranian military commander Nader Shah made Bushehr (then still a minor fishing village) the headquarters of the Persian Gulf fleet that he sought to create.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn This marked the start of Bushehr's rising importance. In order to build a massive warship, Nader even brought heavy wood from Mazandaran's forests, which was 1,000 km away from Bushehr. The shell of this ship drew notice from European travelers for the next 50 years. The naval aspirations of Nader ended when he was murdered in 1747, but Bushehr continued to serve as a prominent port for at least the following 150 years. Between 1737 and 1753, the Dutch East India Company operated a trading post in Bushehr.Template:Sfn
In 1763 the Arab ruler of Bushehr Sheikh Nasr Al-Madhkur granted the British East India Company the right to build a base and trading post there. It was used as a base by the British Royal Navy in the late 18th century. In the 19th century, Bushehr became an important commercial port. It was occupied by British forces in 1856, during the Anglo-Persian War 1856-1857. Bushehr surrendered to the British on 9 December 1856.
Aside from Bushehr's strategic significance—being situated 300 km from Shiraz and 600 km from that of Ottoman-ruled Basra—the place offered few benefits and numerous drawbacks. The town and its surrounding area were somewhat shielded by the interior's hilly terrain and narrow gorges, but were still vulnerable to pirate intrusion. In the 19th century, European ships had to dock around four kilometers offshore and transfer freight and passengers through small boats due to the shallow path to both the shoreline and the bay. Despite the numerous windcatchers on top of the houses, the water in the wells was salty, and the summer heat and humidity were unbearable.Template:Sfn
The main commercial port of Iran
Bushehr soon replaced Bandar Abbas as the country's most important commercial port. This was because of Iran's political and economic centre being moved to Shiraz under the Zand ruler Karim Khan Zand (Template:Reign), who had established his authority in western Iran.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
Demographics
Language
Linguistic composition of the city.[2]
Population
<templatestyles src="Module:Historical populations/styles.css"/>Script error: No such module "Historical populations". At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 161,674 people in 25,158 households.[3] The census in 2011 counted 195,222 people in 52,204 households.[4] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 223,504 people in 63,820 households.[5]
Climate
Bushehr has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen: BSh) with a precipitation pattern resembling a Mediterranean climate, albeit it is both too hot and dry for too long to qualify as such, by a wide margin, due to the threshold for hot climates being much higher in terms of required rainfall. Script error: No such module "weather box".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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Nuclear development
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Bushehr is twelve kilometres from the site of the Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant being built in cooperation with Russia. The work was begun by the Bonn firm Template:Ill A.G., a unit of Siemens AG, which contracted to build two nuclear reactors based on a contract worth $4 to $6 billion, signed in 1975.
Work stopped in January 1979, and Kraftwerk Union fully withdrew from the project in July 1979, with one reactor 50% complete, and the other reactor 85% complete. They said they based their action on Iran's non-payment of $450 million in overdue payments. The company had received $2.5 billion of the total contract. Their cancellation came following the 1979 Iranian Revolution. Iran subsequently requested that Siemens finish construction, but Siemens declined. Shortly afterward Iraq invaded Iran and the nuclear programme was stopped until the end of the war. The reactors were damaged by multiple Iraqi airstrikes between March 1984 and 1988.[6]
In 1995, Russia signed a contract to supply a light water reactor for the plant (the contract is believed to be valued between $700 million and $1.2 billion USD). The agreement calls for the spent fuel rods to be sent back to Russia for reprocessing. The plant started adding electricity to the national grid on 3 September 2011,[7] and was officially opened in a ceremony on 12 September 2011.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
See also
Notes
References
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Sources
- Template:EI3
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