Foreign relations of Namibia: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 14:23, 3 November 2025

Template:Short description Template:EngvarB Template:Use dmy dates

Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists Namibia follows a largely independent foreign policy, with strong affiliations with states that aided the independence struggle, including Nigeria, Libya, and Cuba.

In Africa, Namibia has been involved in conflicts in neighbouring Angola as well as Democratic Republic of the Congo.

International organizations

Namibia is a member of 47 international organizations. These are:^[1]

Lomé Convention (ACP)
African Development Bank (AfDB)
African Union (AU)
Commonwealth of Nations (C)
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
Group of 77 (G-77)
File:Flag of IAEA.svg International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
International Criminal Court (ICCt)
International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU)
ICRM
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
International Finance Corporation (IFC)
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS)
International Labour Organization (ILO)
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Interpol
International Olympic Committee (IOC)
International Organization for Migration (IOM, observer)
IPU
International Organization for Standardization (ISO, correspondent)
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

MIGA
Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)
ONUB
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
Port Management Association of Eastern and Southern Africa (PMAESA)
Southern African Customs Union (SACU)
File:Flag of SADC.svg Southern African Development Community (SADC)
File:Flag of the United Nations.svg United Nations (UN)
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
File:Flag of UNESCO.svg United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE)
United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL)
UNMIS
UNOCI
Universal Postal Union (UPU)
WCL
World Customs Organization (WCO)
File:Flag of WHO.svg World Health Organization (WHO)
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
File:Flag of the World Meteorological Organization.svg World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
World Tourism Organization (WToO)
World Trade Organization (WTrO)

United Nations

File:Hopelong Ushona Ipinge & Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.jpg

Namibian ambassador to Brazil, Hopelong Ushona Ipinge (left) with President of Brazil, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva at Palácio do Planalto, Brasília in 2006

Namibia became the 160th member of the United Nations on 23 April 1990 upon independence from South Africa.^[1]

International disputes

Namibia is involved in several minor international disputes.^[1]

Commission established with Botswana to resolve small residual disputes along the Caprivi Strip, including the Situngu marshlands along the Linyanti River
Botswana residents protest Namibia's planned construction of the Okavango hydroelectric dam on Popa Falls
Managed dispute with South Africa over the location of the boundary in the Orange River
Dormant dispute remains where Botswana, Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe boundaries converge

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Namibia maintains diplomatic relations with:

File:Diplomatic relations of Namibia.svg
#	Country	Date^[2]^[3]
1	Template:Country data Algeria	Template:Dts
2	Template:Country data Brazil	Template:Dts^[4]
3	Template:Country data Canada	Template:Dts^[5]
4	Template:Country data Germany	Template:Dts^[6]
5	Template:Country data Ghana	Template:Dts
6	Template:Country data Finland	Template:Dts
7	Template:Country data India	Template:Dts^[7]
8	Template:Country data Iran	Template:Dts
9	Template:Country data Japan	Template:Dts
10	Template:Country data Kenya	Template:Dts^[8]
11	Template:Country data Malawi	Template:Dts
12	Template:Country data Malaysia	Template:Dts
13	Template:Country data Nigeria	Template:Dts^[9]
14	Template:Country data North Korea	Template:Dts
15	Template:Country data Norway	Template:Dts^[10]
—	Template:Country data State of Palestine	Template:Dts^[11]
16	Template:Country data Poland	Template:Dts^[12]
17	Template:Country data Romania	Template:Dts
18	Template:Country data Russia	Template:Dts
19	Template:Country data Serbia	Template:Dts
20	Template:Country data South Korea	Template:Dts^[6]
21	Template:Country data Spain	Template:Dts^[13]
22	Template:Country data Sweden	Template:Dts
23	Template:Country data United Kingdom	Template:Dts
24	Template:Country data United States	Template:Dts
25	Template:Country data Vietnam	Template:Dts^[14]
26	Template:Country data Zimbabwe	Template:Dts^[15]
27	Template:Country data China	Template:Dts
28	Template:Country data Hungary	Template:Dts
29	Template:Country data Pakistan	Template:Dts^[16]
30	Template:Country data Republic of the Congo	Template:Dts
31	Template:Country data Morocco	Template:Dts^[17]
32	Template:Country data Tunisia	Template:Dts^[18]
33	Template:Country data Vanuatu	Template:Dts^[19]
34	Template:Country data Switzerland	Template:Dts^[20]
35	Template:Country data Kuwait	Template:Dts^[21]
36	Template:Country data Turkey	Template:Dts^[22]
37	Template:Country data Cuba	Template:Dts
38	Template:Country data Barbados	Template:Dts
39	Template:Country data Angola	Template:Dts^[23]
40	Template:Country data Lesotho	Template:Dts^[24]
41	Template:Country data Italy	Template:Dts^[20]
42	Template:Country data Venezuela	Template:Dts
43	Template:Country data Mexico	Template:Dts^[25]
44	Template:Country data Senegal	Template:Dts^[26]
45	Template:Country data Netherlands	Template:Dts^[27]
46	Template:Country data Colombia	Template:Dts
47	Template:Country data Liberia	Template:Dts^[28]
48	Template:Country data Papua New Guinea	Template:Dts
49	Template:Country data France	Template:Dts^[29]
50	Template:Country data Libya	Template:Dts^[30]
51	Template:Country data Egypt	Template:Dts
—	Template:Country data Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic	Template:Dts^[31]
52	Template:Country data Bulgaria	Template:Dts
53	Template:Country data Iraq	Template:Dts^[32]
54	Template:Country data Cameroon	Template:Dts^[33]
55	Template:Country data Peru	Template:Dts
56	Template:Country data Ecuador	Template:Dts
57	Template:Country data Maldives	Template:Dts
58	Template:Country data Botswana	Template:Dts
59	Template:Country data Argentina	Template:Dts
60	Template:Country data Albania	Template:Dts
61	Template:Country data Zambia	Template:Dts^[34]
62	Template:Country data Greece	Template:Dts
63	Template:Country data Benin	Template:Dts
64	Template:Country data Jamaica	Template:Dts
65	Template:Country data Belgium	Template:Dts
66	Template:Country data Afghanistan	Template:Dts
67	Template:Country data Democratic Republic of the Congo	Template:Dts^[35]
68	Template:Country data Austria	Template:Dts
69	Template:Country data Chile	Template:Dts
70	Template:Country data Mongolia	Template:Dts
71	Template:Country data Thailand	Template:Dts
72	Template:Country data Sudan	Template:Dts^[36]
73	Template:Country data Suriname	Template:Dts
74	Template:Country data Yemen	Template:Dts^[37]
75	Template:Country data Iceland	Template:Dts
76	Template:Country data Rwanda	Template:Dts
77	Template:Country data Bangladesh	Template:Dts^[38]
78	Template:Country data Denmark	Template:Dts^[39]
79	Template:Country data Ethiopia	Template:Dts^[40]
80	Template:Country data Tanzania	Template:Dts^[41]
81	Template:Country data New Zealand	Template:Dts^[42]
82	Template:Country data Indonesia	Template:Dts^[43]
83	Template:Country data Portugal	Template:Dts^[44]
84	Template:Country data Seychelles	Template:Dts
85	Template:Country data Eswatini	Template:Dts
86	Template:Country data Ukraine	Template:Dts^[45]
87	Template:Country data Ivory Coast	Template:Dts
88	Template:Country data Gabon	1990–1992^[46]
89	Template:Country data Gambia	1990–1992^[46]
90	Template:Country data Uganda	1990–1992^[46]
91	Template:Country data Czech Republic	Template:Dts
92	Template:Country data Guatemala	Template:Dts
93	Template:Country data Eritrea	Template:Dts^[47]
94	Template:Country data Israel	Template:Dts
95	Template:Country data Slovenia	Template:Dts^[48]
96	Template:Country data South Africa	Template:Dts^[49]
97	Template:Country data Australia	Template:Date table sorting^[50]
98	Template:Country data Uruguay	Template:Dts^[51]
99	Template:Country data Guyana	Template:Dts
100	Template:Country data Singapore	Template:Dts^[52]
101	Template:Country data Trinidad and Tobago	Template:Dts
102	Template:Country data Ireland	Template:Dts^[53]
—	Template:Country data Holy See	Template:Dts^[54]
103	Template:Country data Bosnia and Herzegovina	Template:Dts^[55]
104	Template:Country data Philippines	Template:Dts^[56]
105	Template:Country data Brunei	Template:Dts
106	Template:Country data United Arab Emirates	Template:Dts
107	Template:Country data Cape Verde	Template:Dts^[57]
108	Template:Country data Qatar	Template:Dts
109	Template:Country data Dominican Republic	Template:Date table sorting
110	Template:Country data Slovakia	Template:Dts^[58]
111	Template:Country data Latvia	Template:Dts^[59]
112	Template:Country data Mauritius	Template:Dts^[50]
113	Template:Country data Croatia	Template:Dts
114	Template:Country data Sri Lanka	Template:Dts^[60]
115	Template:Country data Uzbekistan	Template:Dts^[61]
116	Template:Country data Kyrgyzstan	Template:Dts
117	Template:Country data Belarus	Template:Dts^[62]
118	Template:Country data Panama	Template:Dts^[63]
119	Template:Country data Guinea	Template:Dts^[64]
120	Template:Country data Sierra Leone	Template:Dts^[64]
121	Template:Country data Cyprus	Template:Date table sorting^[65]
122	Template:Country data Timor-Leste	Template:Dts
123	Template:Country data Estonia	Template:Dts^[66]
124	Template:Country data Mali	Template:Dts^[64]
125	Template:Country data Malta	Template:Dts^[67]
126	Template:Country data Madagascar	Template:Dts^[64]
127	Template:Country data Lithuania	Template:Dts^[68]
128	Template:Country data Paraguay	Template:Dts^[69]
129	Template:Country data Armenia	Template:Dts^[70]
130	Template:Country data Luxembourg	Template:Date table sorting^[71]
131	Template:Country data Bahamas	Template:Dts^[72]
132	Template:Country data El Salvador	Template:Dts^[73]
—	Template:Country data Sovereign Military Order of Malta	Template:Dts^[74]
133	Template:Country data Montenegro	Template:Dts
134	Template:Country data Burundi	Template:Dts
135	Template:Country data Cambodia	Template:Dts
136	Template:Country data Mauritania	Template:Dts^[75]
137	Template:Country data Togo	Template:Dts^[75]
138	Template:Country data South Sudan	Template:Dts^[76]
139	Template:Country data Equatorial Guinea	Template:Dts^[75]
140	Template:Country data North Macedonia	Template:Dts
141	Template:Country data Niger	Template:Dts^[77]
142	Template:Country data Burkina Faso	Template:Dts^[77]
143	Template:Country data Kazakhstan	Template:Dts^[78]
144	Template:Country data Haiti	Template:Dts^[79]
145	Template:Country data Costa Rica	Template:Dts^[80]
146	Template:Country data Saudi Arabia	Template:Dts
147	Template:Country data Georgia	Template:Dts
148	Template:Country data Central African Republic	Template:Dts^[77]
149	Template:Country data Chad	Template:Date table sorting^[77]
150	Template:Country data Djibouti	Template:Dts^[81]
151	Template:Country data Oman	Template:Dts
152	Template:Country data São Tomé and Príncipe	Template:Dts^[82]
153	Template:Country data Monaco	Template:Dts
154	Template:Country data Nicaragua	Template:Dts^[83]
155	Template:Country data Azerbaijan	Template:Dts^[84]
156	Template:Country data Saint Lucia	Template:Dts
157	Template:Country data Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Template:Dts^[85]
158	Template:Country data Liechtenstein	Template:Dts^[86]
159	Template:Country data Comoros	Template:Dts^[87]
160	Template:Country data Guinea-Bissau	Template:Dts^[88]
161	Template:Country data Belize	Template:Dts^[89]
162	Template:Country data Andorra	Template:Dts^[90]
163	Template:Country data Bahrain	Template:Dts
164	Template:Country data Tajikistan	Template:Dts^[91]
165	Template:Country data Somalia	Template:Dts^[92]
166	Template:Country data Mozambique	Unknown

Bilateral relations

Africa

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Template:Country data Angola		See Angola–Namibia relations In 1999 Namibia signed a mutual defence pact with its northern neighbour Angola. This affected the Angolan Civil War that has been ongoing since Angola's independence in 1975. Namibia's ruling party SWAPO wanted to support the ruling party MPLA in Angola to fight the rebel movement UNITA, whose stronghold is in southern Angola, bordering Namibia. The defence pact allowed Angolan troops to use Namibian territory when attacking UNITA. The alliance between SWAPO and MPLA has deep roots and began as both Angola's and Namibia's ruling parties sought independence during the mid-20th century and into the Angolan Civil War. In Angola, the leftist movement MPLA was fighting the rightist movement UNITA, which was supported by South Africa. In Namibia, SWAPO, then a rebel movement, was fighting for independence from South Africa along the Angolan border. Angola allowed SWAPO to establish training and refugee camps for Namibians and PLAN (People's Liberation Army of Namibia) fighters. As MPLA and SWAPO shared a common ideological ground, and had a common enemy in South Africa, they came to cooperate. The Angolan civil war resulted in a large number of Angolan refugees coming to Namibia. At its peak in 2001 there were over 30,000 Angolan refugees in Namibia. The calmer situation in Angola has made it possible for many of them to return to their home with the help of UNHCR, and in 2004 only 12,600 remained in Namibia. ^[93] Most of them reside in the refugee camp Osire north of Windhoek. Angola has an embassy in Windhoek and consulates-general in Oshakati and Rundu. Namibia has an embassy in Luanda and consulates-general in Menongue and Ondjiva.
Template:Country data Botswana		See Botswana–Namibia relations Botswana–Namibia relations are friendly, with the two neighbouring countries cooperating on economic development. Botswana gained independence from Britain in September 1966. Namibia gained independence from South Africa in 1990 following the Namibian War of Independence. Botswana has a High Commission in Windhoek. Namibia has a High Commission in Gaborone.
Template:Country data Eswatini	28 February 1992	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 February 1992^[94] Eswatini is accredited to Namibia from its High Commission in Pretoria, South Africa. Namibia is accredited to Eswatini from its High Commission in Pretoria, South Africa.
Template:Country data Ethiopia		During the South African occupation of Namibia, Ethiopia was one of the country's leading proponents abroad; Ethiopia and Liberia were the first two states to bring the question of independence for then South West Africa to the United Nations.^[95] In 2007, the two governments signed an agreement which expanded air travel between the two states.^[96] In December 2009, Namibia's Foreign Minister, Marko Hausiku met with Ethiopian Foreign Affairs Minister Seyoum Mesfin and noted the economic, science, technical and cultural agreements in place between the two countries and expressed a desire to improve the trade relations.^[97] Ethiopia is accredited to Namibia from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa. Namibia has an embassy in Addis Ababa.
Template:Country data Liberia		In 1960, Liberia and Ethiopia brought litigation against apartheid South Africa in the International Court of Justice to end its occupation of Namibia.^[98] As part of Liberia's support for Namibia's liberation struggle, many Namibian students received Liberian passports which helped them study abroad. As of July 2008, a total of 5,900 Namibia Defence Force troops had been rotated through Liberia as part of the United Nations Mission in Liberia.^[99] Namibia maintained a battalion of about 800 personnel in Grand Cape Mount county for several years, for most of the period part of UNMIL Sector 2, headquartered at Tubmanburg. In May 2005, Namibian troops were accused of sexual exploitation of young girls and women; three Namibian soldiers were sent home from the force after a United Nations investigation found them guilty of "engaging in sexual activity with civilians", which is against United Nations rules for peacekeepers.^[100] Liberia is accredited to Namibia from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa. Namibia is accredited to Liberia from its high commission in Abuja, Nigeria.
Template:Country data Nigeria	21 March 1990	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 March 1990^[101] Namibia and Nigeria have binding bilateral agreements, but as of 2014, trade between the two countries was low. In March 2014, Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan visited Namibia for Namibia's 24th independence day celebrations. The two countries also discussed establishing an oil refinery in Namibia for Nigerian oil.^[102] Namibia has a high commission in Abuja. Nigeria has a high commission in Windhoek.
Template:Country data South Africa		See Namibia–South Africa relations Upon independence in 1990, Namibia's economy was still tied to South Africa's.^[103] To this day, the economy of Namibia is still closely contacted to South Africa through both institutional relationships (Southern African Customs Union, for example) and privately owned mining concessions.^[104] The South African rand is still legal currency within Namibia, while the Namibian dollar is not so in South Africa and the currencies are traded on par locally. Namibia has a high commission in Pretoria and a consulate-general in Cape Town. South Africa has a high commission in Windhoek.
Template:Country data Zambia	5 August 1990	See Namibia–Zambia relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 August 1990^[105] Namibia has a high commission in Lusaka. Zambia has a high commission in Windhoek.
Template:Country data Zimbabwe		See Namibia–Zimbabwe relations The ruling parties of Namibia (since independence in 1990) and Zimbabwe (since independence in 1980) have been close since pre-independence days, as both were anti-colonial movements against white-minority governments.^[106] Namibia sent troops in the Namibia Defence Force to the Democratic Republic of the Congo alongside Zimbabwe in a SADC coalition to support President Joseph Kabila.^[107] Namibia has an embassy in Harare. Zimbabwe has an embassy in Windhoek.

Americas

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Template:Country data Brazil	1990	See Brazil–Namibia relations Brazil has an embassy in Windhoek. Namibia has an embassy in Brasília.
Template:Country data Canada		See Canada–Namibia relations Canada's relationship with Namibia began in 1977 when Canada joined the Western Contact Group, a joint diplomatic effort of France, United Kingdom, United States, Canada and West Germany to bring an internationally acceptable transition to independence for Namibia. In 1990 official relations started; Canada has dispatched an Honorary Consul to Windhoek.^[108] Canada is one of the main destinations for Namibian refugees. Together with Botswana and Denmark, Canada has been granting asylum to people fleeing Namibia in the aftermath of the Caprivi conflict, and particularly the Caprivi treason trial that followed in which the Namibian government was accused of human rights violations.^[109] Only in 2010 Canada has changed its standpoint and is now considering the CLA to be a terrorist organisation that has "attempted to usurp an elected government". Nonetheless, Canada received a steady inflow of Namibian immigrants who seek economic betterment under the pretense of humiliation and harassment in Namibia. In 2011 more than 1,000 Namibians entered Canada. Three-quarters of them applied for refugee status, but only a few were successful.^[110] Canada is accredited to Namibia from its high commission in Pretoria, South Africa. Namibia is accredited to Canada from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
Template:Country data Cuba		See Cuba–Namibia relations Cuban-Namibian relations date back to the Namibian War of Independence when Cuba politically, militarily and diplomatically supported the Namibian rebel organization and future ruling party, South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) against the military of Apartheid South Africa.^[111] Since independence, Namibia and Cuba have held joint meetings every two years for Economic, Scientific-Technical and Commercial Cooperation. In 2005, it was reported that 1,460 Cuban professionals had worked in Namibia, including 208 in 2005.^[111] Cuba has an embassy in Windhoek. Namibia has an embassy in Havana.
Template:Country data Mexico	17 April 1990	See Mexico–Namibia relations Mexico recognized and established diplomatic relations with Namibia on 17 April 1990. In 1993, Mexico opened an embassy in Windhoek, however, the embassy was closed in 2002.^[112] Mexico is accredited to Namibia from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.^[113] Namibia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.^[114]
Template:Country data United States		See Namibia–United States relations U.S.-Namibian relations are good and continue to improve. Characterized by shared democratic values, commitment to rule of law, and respect for human rights, the bilateral relationship has been strengthened through trade ties and U.S. assistance programs. Namibia has seized opportunities created by AGOA. Currently the SACU countries and the U.S. are negotiating a Trade, Investment and Development Cooperation Agreement, scheduled to be signed in 2008. Namibia has been included in President Bush's International Mother and Child HIV Initiative and the Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. The U.S. Agency for International Development's (USAID) bilateral presence in Namibia has been extended until 2010. In addition to the embassy, the Centers for Disease Control, Peace Corps, and the United States Department of Defense have offices in Windhoek. Namibia has an embassy in Washington, D.C. United States has an embassy in Windhoek.

Asia

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Template:Country data China		See China–Namibia relations Governmental relations were first established the day after Namibia's independence, but relations with Namibian independence movements date back to the 1960s.^[115] China and Namibia have developed close economic relations, with trade increasing twofold between the two countries from 2003 to 2006. During a February 2007 visit, Chinese President Hu Jintao pledged Namibia "RMB 1 billion of concessional loans, 100 million US dollars of preferential export buyer's credit, RMB 30 million yuan of grants and RMB 30 million of interest-free loans..."^[115] China has an embassy in Windhoek. Namibia has an embassy in Beijing.
Template:Country data India		See India–Namibia relations Relations began between SWAPO and the Indian government prior to independence. In 2010, relations were described by Indian officials as "warm and cordial". India has been involved in training the Namibian Air Force and bilateral trade in 2008–09 stood at $80 million.^[116] India has a high commission in Windhoek.^[117] Namibia has a high commission in New Delhi.^[118]
Template:Country data Indonesia		See Indonesia–Namibia relations Indonesia has an embassy in Windhoek. Namibia is accredited to Indonesia from its high commission in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Template:Country data Israel		See Israel–Namibia relations Israel is accredited to Namibia from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Jerusalem. Namibia is accredited to Israel from its embassy in Cairo, Egypt.
Template:Country data Japan		See Japan–Namibia relations Diplomatic relations between Japan and Namibia were established in March 1990. Japan has an embassy in Windhoek. Namibia has an embassy in Tokyo.
Template:Country data Malaysia		See Malaysia–Namibia relations Both countries were once part of the British Empire and before Namibia achieved its independence, Malaysia has contributed to some operations in Namibia by sending a group of soldiers to help monitor the Namibian elections and peace process.^[119] Today, the relations are much more focused in economic cooperation. Malaysia has a high commission in Windhoek. Namibia has a high commission in Kuala Lumpur.
Template:Country data Turkey	1966^[120]	See Namibia–Turkey relations Namibia is accredited to Turkey from its embassy in Berlin, Germany. Turkey has an embassy in Windhoek.^[120] Trade volume between the two countries was US$11.84 million in 2019 (Namibian exports/imports: 2.44/9.40 million USD).^[120]

Europe

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Template:Country data Finland		See Finland–Namibia relations Finland recognised Namibia on 21 March 1990. Both countries established diplomatic relations on the same day, and Namibia was represented in Finland through its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden. Since 2015 Namibia has an embassy in Helsinki. Finland has an embassy in Windhoek and an honorary consulate in Walvis Bay.^[121] Finland has stated it is a staunch supporter of Namibian independence.^[122] The Finnish Government has provided assistance in the sectors of forestry, water, environment and health.^[123] Namibia's exports to Finland increased from N$810 million in 2004 to over N$1 billion (approximately 90 million EUR) in 2007.^[124] In June 2008, Prime Minister of Namibia Nahas Angula visited Finland.^[125] Finland has an embassy in Windhoek. Namibia has an embassy in Helsinki.
Template:Country data France		France has an embassy in Windhoek. Namibia has an embassy in Paris.
Template:Country data Germany		See Germany–Namibia relations First contacts between people of the two countries took place when German missionaries were hired by the London Missionary Society to commence working in Southern Namibia during the late 18th and early 19th century.^[126] In the 1880s the German Empire came to what is now Namibia as a colonizing power, creating German South-West Africa. The German colonial rule was marked by tensions and led to the genocide of the Herero and Nama people from 1904 to 1908, which resulted in the deaths of 65,000 Herero (80% of the total Herero population), and 10,000 Nama (50% of the total Nama population). The colony was ruled by Germany until 1915 when it was conquered by troops from the Union of South Africa. During South African rule, German was one of the three official languages of Namibia, the others being Afrikaans and English. Likewise during Apartheid rule, West Germany maintained a consulate in Windhoek despite United Nations resolutions calling for the isolation of South Africa. Namibian independence in 1990 coincided with German reunification, resulting in an initially slow development of diplomatic relations. However, in both 1989 and 2004 the German government acknowledged its responsibility for Namibia as a priority partner country.^[127] Since then German Development minister Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul visited Namibia, asking the country for forgiveness of the past.^[128] Today, not least due to substantially improved co-operation and exchange, as well as by fate of the permanent presence of the "German tribe in Namibia", the two countries have mostly learnt to a new dialogue, which at times also still stagnates. Germany has an embassy in Windhoek. Namibia has an embassy in Berlin.
Template:Country data North Macedonia		On 21 December 2011 North Macedonia and Namibia established diplomatic relations at ambassadorial level when the Ambassadors of both countries to the UN, Pajo Avirovic and Wilfried Emvula respectively, signed the joint communiqué. With the establishment of diplomatic relations, Namibia recognised Macedonia under its constitutional name the 'Republic of Macedonia' as opposed to its provisional name the 'former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia'; in doing so Namibia became the 133 country to recognise Macedonia's constitutional name.^[129] North Macedonia does not have an accreditation to Namibia. Namibia is accredited to North Macedonia from its embassy in Vienna, Austria.
Template:Country data Poland		See Namibia–Poland relations Namibia is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, and there is an honorary consulate of Namibia in Warsaw. Poland is accredited to Namibia from its embassy in Pretoria.
Template:Country data Portugal		Namibia is accredited to Portugal from its embassy in Paris, France. Portugal has an embassy in Windhoek.
Template:Country data Russia		See Namibia–Russia relations Relations between Namibia and Russia were considered "excellent" in 2006 by then-Namibian Minister of Education Nangolo Mbumba, while Russia expressed a desire for even stronger relations, particularly in the economic field. Also in 2006, the Namibia-Russia Intergovernmental Commission on Trade and Economic Cooperation was officially opened during a visit by Russian Natural Resources Minister Yuri Trutnev to Windhoek. During said visit, the Minister said Russia was interested in investing in oil, hydro-electric power and tourism.^[130] In 2007, Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov held discussions with Namibian Deputy Prime Minister Nahas Angula and President Hifikepunye Pohamba in regards to the possibility of developing Namibia's significant uranium deposits with an aim towards creating a nuclear power plant in the country.^[131] In 2008, Trutnev returned to Namibia, this time to Swakopmund, to meet at the third annual Intergovernmental Commission. Top foreign ministry official Marco Hausiku and his deputy Lempy Lucas represented Namibia in discussions with Trutnev.^[132] Namibia has an embassy in Moscow. Russia has an embassy in Windhoek.
Template:Country data Serbia	1990	Diplomatic relations between Namibia and Serbia were officially established in 1990.^[133] Serbia, then part of Yugoslavia, provided education, training, and financial support for SWAPO members during the entirety of the South African Border War, and the two countries have shared close relations ever since.^[134] During the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia in 1999, Namibia, which was then on the UN Security Council, voted with Russia and China for an immediate cessation of NATO attacks. Namibia also strongly supports the Serbian position on the Kosovo dispute.^[135] Namibia is accredited to Serbia from its embassy in Vienna, Austria. Serbia is accredited to Namibia from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
Template:Country data Spain		See Namibia–Spain relations Namibia is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris, France. Spain has an embassy in Windhoek.
Template:Country data Sweden		See Namibia–Sweden relations Namibia has an embassy in Stockholm. Sweden is accredited to Namibia from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
Template:Country data Switzerland		Namibia has an embassy in Geneva. Switzerland is accredited to Namibia from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa and maintains an honorary consulate in Windhoek.
Template:Country data United Kingdom	1990	See Namibia–United Kingdom relations Namibia established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom in 1990. Namibia maintains a high commission in London. The United Kingdom is accredited to Namibia through its high commission in Windhoek.^[136] Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the SACUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.^[137] Namibia has a high commission in London. United Kingdom has a high commission in Windhoek.

Namibia and the Commonwealth of Nations

Namibia has been a Commonwealth republic since 1990, when South West Africa became independent of South Africa.

Notes and references

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Template:Foreign relations of the Commonwealth of Nations Template:Foreign relations of Namibia Template:Africa in topic

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↑ The South West Africa/Namibia dispute by John Dugard
↑ Template:Usurped
↑ Ethiopia, Namibia working out to step up cooperation areas Template:Webarchive
↑ Template:Usurped NewLiberian.com, 15 July 2008
↑ Liberia and Namibia to trade more Template:Webarchive The Namibian, 15 July 2008
↑ NDF to probe Liberia sex scandal Template:Webarchive The Namibian, 26 May 2005
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↑ Namibia – Economy Template:Webarchive
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↑ Zimbabwe heaps praise on Swapo's transition effort by Tangeni Amupadhi, The Namibian, 3 June 2004
↑ Namibia and Zimbabwe – the second liberation Template:Webarchive by Henning Melber, pambazuka.org, 13 May 2008
↑ Canada-Namibia relations Template:Webarchive Foreign Ministry of Canada
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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↑ ^a ^b Cuba-Namibia Joint Commission Meeting Kicks off in Havana Template:Dead link, Radio Habana, Cuba, 5 July 2005
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↑ ^a ^b Interpretation of China-Namibia Relations Template:Webarchive in Foreign Ministry of the People's Republic of China
↑ Indo-Namibian Relations Template:Webarchive Ministry of External Affairs of India, September 2010
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↑ Russia urges more trade with mineral-rich Namibia Template:Webarchive People's Daily, 28 July 2006
↑ Russia, Namibia in nuke talks Fin24.com, 18 March 2007
↑ Russian minist in trade talks with Nam The Namibian, 28 November 2008 Template:Dead link Template:Cbignore
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↑ Bott, Sandra, and Jussi Hanhimaki. Neutrality and Neutralism in the Global Cold War: between or within the Blocs? ROUTLEDGE, 2017.
↑ Namibia will not recognise unilaterally declared independence of Kosovo Template:Webarchive, Serbian Government, 2010-09-02
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[95] The South West Africa/Namibia dispute by John Dugard

[96] Template:Usurped

[97] Ethiopia, Namibia working out to step up cooperation areas Template:Webarchive

[98] Template:Usurped NewLiberian.com, 15 July 2008

[99] Liberia and Namibia to trade more Template:Webarchive The Namibian, 15 July 2008

[100] NDF to probe Liberia sex scandal Template:Webarchive The Namibian, 26 May 2005

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[106] Zimbabwe heaps praise on Swapo's transition effort by Tangeni Amupadhi, The Namibian, 3 June 2004

[107] Namibia and Zimbabwe – the second liberation Template:Webarchive by Henning Melber, pambazuka.org, 13 May 2008

[canada-108] Canada-Namibia relations Template:Webarchive Foreign Ministry of Canada

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[radiohc.cu-111] Cuba-Namibia Joint Commission Meeting Kicks off in Havana Template:Dead link, Radio Habana, Cuba, 5 July 2005

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[fmprc.gov.cn-115] Interpretation of China-Namibia Relations Template:Webarchive in Foreign Ministry of the People's Republic of China

[MEA.gov.in-116] Indo-Namibian Relations Template:Webarchive Ministry of External Affairs of India, September 2010

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[130] Russia urges more trade with mineral-rich Namibia Template:Webarchive People's Daily, 28 July 2006

[131] Russia, Namibia in nuke talks Fin24.com, 18 March 2007

[132] Russian minist in trade talks with Nam The Namibian, 28 November 2008 Template:Dead link Template:Cbignore

[133] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[134] Bott, Sandra, and Jussi Hanhimaki. Neutrality and Neutralism in the Global Cold War: between or within the Blocs? ROUTLEDGE, 2017.

[135] Namibia will not recognise unilaterally declared independence of Kosovo Template:Webarchive, Serbian Government, 2010-09-02

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-!Date<ref>{{cite web |last=Mushelenga |first=Samuel Abraham Peyavali |date=2008 |title=Foreign policy-making in Namibia : the dynamics of the smallness of a state |url=https://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/2703/dissertation_mushelenga_%20s.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y |pages=254–259 |access-date=18 July 2023 |archive-date=13 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113033214/https://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/2703/dissertation_mushelenga_%20s.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=4 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="un2">{{cite web |title=Diplomatic relations between Namibia and ... |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/search?ln=en&as=1&m1=p&p1=Diplomatic+relations+between+Namibia+and+...&f1=series&op1=a&m2=a&p2=&f2=&op2=a&m3=a&p3=&f3=&dt=&d1d=&d1m=&d1y=&d2d=&d2m=&d2y=&rm=&action_search=Search&sf=year&so=a&rg=50&c=United+Nations+Digital+Library+System&of=hb&fti=0&fti=0 |access-date=25 December 2024 |website=United Nations Digital Library |archive-date=30 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430103021/https://digitallibrary.un.org/search?ln=en&as=1&m1=p&p1=Diplomatic+relations+between+Namibia+and+...&f1=series&op1=a&m2=a&p2=&f2=&op2=a&m3=a&p3=&f3=&dt=&d1d=&d1m=&d1y=&d2d=&d2m=&d2y=&rm=&ln=en&action_search=Search&sf=title&so=a&rg=50&c=United+Nations+Digital+Library+System&of=hb&fti=0&fti=0 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+!Date<ref>{{cite web |last=Mushelenga |first=Samuel Abraham Peyavali |date=2008 |title=Foreign policy-making in Namibia : the dynamics of the smallness of a state |url=https://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/2703/dissertation_mushelenga_%20s.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113033214/https://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/2703/dissertation_mushelenga_%20s.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=4 |archive-date=13 January 2024 |access-date=18 July 2023 |pages=254–259}}</ref><ref name="un2">{{cite web |title=Diplomatic relations between Namibia and ... |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/search?ln=en&as=1&m1=p&p1=Diplomatic+relations+between+Namibia+and+...&f1=series&op1=a&m2=a&p2=&f2=&op2=a&m3=a&p3=&f3=&dt=&d1d=&d1m=&d1y=&d2d=&d2m=&d2y=&rm=&action_search=Search&sf=year&so=a&rg=50&c=United+Nations+Digital+Library+System&of=hb&fti=0&fti=0 |access-date=25 December 2024 |website=United Nations Digital Library |archive-date=30 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430103021/https://digitallibrary.un.org/search?ln=en&as=1&m1=p&p1=Diplomatic+relations+between+Namibia+and+...&f1=series&op1=a&m2=a&p2=&f2=&op2=a&m3=a&p3=&f3=&dt=&d1d=&d1m=&d1y=&d2d=&d2m=&d2y=&rm=&ln=en&action_search=Search&sf=title&so=a&rg=50&c=United+Nations+Digital+Library+System&of=hb&fti=0&fti=0 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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+|{{Flag|Cyprus}}
+|{{Date table sorting|20 June 2003}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Cyprus High Commissioner to Namibia presents credentials |url=http://www.mfa.gov.cy/mfa/mfa.nsf/LatestNews?OpenForm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030622112643/http://www.mfa.gov.cy/mfa/mfa.nsf/LatestNews?OpenForm |archive-date=22 June 2003 |access-date=22 August 2025}}</ref>
+|-
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+|124
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 |{{Dts|9 December 2004}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2014 |title=The High Commissioner of the Republic of Namibia pays a courtesy visit to the speaker |url=https://parlament.mt/media/95525/pr142847.pdf |access-date=4 October 2024 |website=parlament.mt}}</ref>
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+|126
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 |{{Dts|22 December 2005}}<ref>{{cite web |title=List of countries with which Lithuania has established diplomatic relations |url=https://jp.mfa.lt/default/en/list-of-countries-with-which-lithuania-has-established-diplomatic-relations |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110123939/https://jp.mfa.lt/default/en/list-of-countries-with-which-lithuania-has-established-diplomatic-relations |archive-date=10 January 2022 |access-date=10 January 2022 |website=}}</ref>
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+|128
 |{{Flag|Paraguay}}
-|{{Dts|17 April 2006}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 April 2006 |title=Paraguay entabla relaciones diplomáticas con Namibia |language=tr |url=https://www.abc.com.py/edicion-impresa/politica/paraguay-entabla-relaciones-diplomaticas-con-namibia-898229.html |access-date=30 April 2022 |archive-date=30 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430143206/https://www.abc.com.py/edicion-impresa/politica/paraguay-entabla-relaciones-diplomaticas-con-namibia-898229.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
+|{{Dts|17 April 2006}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 April 2006 |title=Paraguay entabla relaciones diplomáticas con Namibia |language=tr |url=https://www.abc.com.py/edicion-impresa/politica/paraguay-entabla-relaciones-diplomaticas-con-namibia-898229.html |access-date=30 April 2022 |archive-date=30 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430143206/https://www.abc.com.py/edicion-impresa/politica/paraguay-entabla-relaciones-diplomaticas-con-namibia-898229.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
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 |{{Dts|2 October 2006}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Namibia |url=https://www.mfa.am/en/bilateral-relations/na |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414042520/https://www.mfa.am/en/bilateral-relations/na |archive-date=14 April 2022 |access-date=14 April 2022 |website=30 April 2022}}</ref>
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-|{{Dts|4 September 2007}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Order of Precedence |url=http://www.mfa.gov.cy/mfa/mfa2006.nsf/All/96F59B0BDA67D28CC2257A16002E9A48?OpenDocument |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121214121743/http://www.mfa.gov.cy/mfa/mfa2006.nsf/All/96F59B0BDA67D28CC2257A16002E9A48?OpenDocument |archive-date=14 December 2012 |access-date=11 December 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Cyprus}}</ref>
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-|{{dts|25 September 2024|format=dmy}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 September 2024 |title=On the sidelines of #UNGA79, Andorra has established diplomatic relations with 🇲🇾 and 🇳🇦, strengthening ties across continents.... |url=https://x.com/ANDORRA_UN/status/1839303900127703367 |access-date=26 September 2024}}</ref>
+|{{dts|26 September 2024|format=dmy}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 September 2024 |title=On the sidelines of #UNGA79, Andorra has established diplomatic relations with 🇲🇾 and 🇳🇦, strengthening ties across continents.... |url=https://x.com/ANDORRA_UN/status/1839303900127703367 |access-date=26 September 2024}}</ref>
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-|Unknown<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=Diplomatic List 2019 |url=https://mfa.gov.md/sites/default/files/document/attachments/lista-cd-18-04-2019.pdf |access-date=7 October 2024 |pages=57-58}}</ref>
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 |{{flag|Germany}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Germany–Namibia relations]]
-First contacts between people of the two countries took place when German missionaries were hired by the [[London Missionary Society]] to commence working in Southern Namibia during the late 18th and early 19th century.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.klausdierks.com/Biographies/Biographies_E.htm |title=Ebner, Johann Leonhard |access-date=4 July 2009 |archive-date=15 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015021258/http://www.klausdierks.com/Biographies/Biographies_E.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> In the 1880s the [[German Empire]] came to what is now Namibia as a colonizing power, creating [[German South-West Africa]]. The German colonial rule was marked by tensions and led to the [[Herero and Namaqua Genocide|genocide of the Herero and Namaqua people from 1904 to 1907]], which resulted in the deaths of 65,000 Herero (80 percent of the total Herero population), and 10,000 Nama (50% of the total Nama population). The colony was ruled by Germany until 1915 when it was conquered by troops from the [[Union of South Africa]].
+First contacts between people of the two countries took place when German missionaries were hired by the [[London Missionary Society]] to commence working in Southern Namibia during the late 18th and early 19th century.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.klausdierks.com/Biographies/Biographies_E.htm |title=Ebner, Johann Leonhard |access-date=4 July 2009 |archive-date=15 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015021258/http://www.klausdierks.com/Biographies/Biographies_E.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> In the 1880s the [[German Empire]] came to what is now Namibia as a colonizing power, creating [[German South-West Africa]]. The German colonial rule was marked by tensions and led to the [[Herero and Nama genocide|genocide of the Herero and Nama people from 1904 to 1908]], which resulted in the deaths of 65,000 Herero (80% of the total Herero population), and 10,000 Nama (50% of the total Nama population). The colony was ruled by Germany until 1915 when it was conquered by troops from the [[Union of South Africa]].
 During South African rule, German was one of the three official languages of Namibia, the others being [[Afrikaans]] and [[English language|English]]. Likewise during Apartheid rule, [[West Germany]] maintained a consulate in Windhoek despite United Nations resolutions calling for the isolation of South Africa.