Palm warbler: Difference between revisions

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imported>Needsmoreritalin
m moved non-breeding image that was placed above the current pain image, to the gallery. The main image is an FP.
 
imported>DocWatson42
Cleaned up image placement and other matters.
 
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== Taxonomy ==
== Taxonomy ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=April 2023}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=April 2023}}
The species comprises two distinct subspecies that may merit specific status.
The species comprises two distinct subspecies that may merit specific status.


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== Behavior ==
== Behavior ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=April 2023}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=April 2023}}
[[File:Palm Warbler, Homestead, FL 33030, USA imported from iNaturalist photo 62675077.jpg|left|thumb|205x205px|Eating a [[Halloween pennant]]]]
[[File:Palm Warbler, Homestead, FL 33030, USA imported from iNaturalist photo 62675077.jpg|right|thumb|Eating a [[Halloween pennant]]]]
 
Palm warbler nests take the form of an open cup, usually situated on or near the ground in an open area.
Palm warbler nests take the form of an open cup, usually situated on or near the ground in an open area.


Palm warblers forage on the ground much more than other warblers, sometimes flying to catch insects. These birds mainly eat insects and berries. Their constant tail bobbing is an identifying characteristic.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Palm Warbler {{!}} Audubon Field Guide |url=https://www.audubon.org/field-guide/bird/palm-warbler |access-date=2023-12-26 |website=www.audubon.org |language=en}}</ref> [[Kirtland's warbler|Kirtland's]], [[prairie warbler|prairie]], and palm warblers are the only [[Setophaga]] species that incessantly bob their tails.
Palm warblers forage on the ground much more than other warblers, sometimes flying to catch insects. These birds mainly eat insects and berries. Their constant tail bobbing is an identifying characteristic.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Palm Warbler {{!}} Audubon Field Guide |url=https://www.audubon.org/field-guide/bird/palm-warbler |access-date=2023-12-26 |website=www.audubon.org |language=en}}</ref> [[Kirtland's warbler|Kirtland's]], [[prairie warbler|prairie]], and palm warblers are the only [[Setophaga]] species that incessantly bob their tails.


The song of this bird is a monotonous buzzy trill. The call is a sharp ''chek''.[https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Palm_Warbler/sounds#]
The song of this bird is a monotonous buzzy trill. The call is a sharp ''chek''.<ref>https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Palm_Warbler/sounds#</ref>


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery>
<gallery widths=200 heights=180>
File:Western Palm Warbler.jpg|left|Western subspecies, in non-breeding plumage
File:Western Palm Warbler.jpg|left|Western subspecies, in non-breeding plumage
File:Palm Warbler JG.jpg
File:Palm Warbler JG.jpg
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==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
<!-- BulletinOfTheBritishOrnithologistsClub101:339. WilsonBull18:47 (compare to current Ohio checklist http://www.ohiobirds.org/publications/OBRClist.pdf) -->


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Setophaga palmarum|Palm warbler}}
{{Commons category|Setophaga palmarum|Palm warbler}}
{{Wikispecies|Setophaga palmarum}}
{{Wikispecies|Setophaga palmarum}}
*[http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/i6720id.html Palm warbler - ''Dendroica palmarum''] - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
* [http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/i6720id.html Palm warbler - ''Dendroica palmarum''] - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
*[http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Palm_Warbler.html Palm warbler species account] - Cornell Lab of Ornithology
* [http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Palm_Warbler.html Palm warbler species account] - Cornell Lab of Ornithology
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20060618204916/http://www.bird-stamps.org/cspecies/19903400.htm Stamps]}} (for [[British Virgin Islands]]) at bird-stamps.org
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20060618204916/http://www.bird-stamps.org/cspecies/19903400.htm Stamps]}} (for [[British Virgin Islands]]) at bird-stamps.org
* {{InternetBirdCollection|palm-warbler-dendroica-palmarum|Palm warbler}}
* {{InternetBirdCollection|palm-warbler-dendroica-palmarum|Palm warbler}}
* {{VIREO|palm+warbler|Palm Warbler}}
* {{VIREO|palm+warbler|Palm Warbler}}
<!--
==Further reading==
===Books===
* Hanowski JM & Niemi GJ. (1990). ''Effects of Unknown Sex in Analyses of Foraging Behavior''. In ''Morrison, M L, et al. (Ed) Studies in Avian Biology, No 13 Avian Foraging: Theory, Methodology, and Applications; International Symposium, Asilomar, California, USA, December 18-19, 1988 X+515p Cooper Ornithological Society: Los Angeles, California, USA Illus Paper 280-283, 1990''.
* Wilson, W. H., Jr. 1996. ''Palm Warbler (Dendroica palmarum)''. In ''The Birds of North America'', No. 238 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C.
===Articles===
* Barrowclough GF & Corbin KW. (1978). ''Genetic Variation and Differentiation in the Parulidae''. Auk. vol '''95''', no 4. p. 691-702.
* Barton DC, Lindquist KE, Henry RW, III & Luna Mendoza LM. (2004). ''Landbird and waterbird notes from Isla Guadalupe, Mexico''. Western Birds. vol '''35''', no 4. p. 186-196.
* Benson A-M, Pogson TH & Doyle TJ. (2000). ''Updated geographic distribution of eight passerine species in central Alaska''. Western Birds. vol '''31''', no 2. p. 100-105.
* Berovides Alvarez V & Acosta Cruz M. (1982). ''Ornithocenosis in a Coastal Jungle of the Eastern Region of Cuba Southeast of Guantanamo''. Ciencias Biologicas Academia de Ciencias de Cuba. vol '''8''', p. 134-136.
* Bonifait S, Villard M-A & Paulin D. (2006). ''An index of reproductive activity provides an accurate estimate of the reproductive success of Palm Warblers''. Journal of Field Ornithology. vol '''77''', no 3. p. 302-309.
* Calme S & Desrochers A. (2000). ''Biogeographic aspects of the distribution of bird species breeding in Quebec's peatlands''. Journal of Biogeography. vol '''27''', no 3. p. 725-732.
* Calme S, Desrochers A & Savard J-PL. (2002). ''Regional significance of peatlands for avifaunal diversity in southern Quebec''. Biological Conservation. vol '''107''', no 3. p. 273-281.
* Collins SL. (1981). ''A Comparison of Nest Site and Perch Site Vegetation Structure of 7 Species of Warblers''. Wilson Bulletin. vol '''93''', no 4. p. 542-547.
* Currie D, Wunderle JM, Jr., Ewert DN, Davis A & McKenzie Z. (2005). ''Winter avian distribution and relative abundance in six terrestrial habitats on southern Eleuthera, The Bahamas''. Caribbean Journal of Science. vol '''41''', no 1. p. 88-100.
* Davies C & Sharrock JTR. (2000). ''The European Bird Report: Passerines''. British Birds. vol '''93''', no 9. p. 415-427.
* Delage V, Fortin MJ & Desrochers A. (2000). ''Effects of peripheral and isolated locations of songbird habitats in mined bogs''. Ecoscience. vol '''7''', no 2. p. 149-156.
* Delage V, Fortin M-J & Desrochers A. (2000). ''Effects of edge and isolation on habitats of songbirds in mined bogs''. Ecoscience. vol '''7''', no 2. p. 149-156.
* Desrochers A, Rochefort L & Savard J-PL. (1998). ''Avian recolonization of eastern Canadian bogs after peat mining''. Canadian Journal of Zoology. vol '''76''', no 6. p. 989-997.
* Emlen JT. (1973). ''Territorial Aggression in Wintering Warblers at Bahama Agave Blossoms''. Wilson Bulletin. vol '''85''', no 1. p. 71-74.
* Fall BA. (1973). ''Noteworthy Bird Records from South Texas Kennedy County''. Southwestern Naturalist. vol '''18''', no 2. p. 244-246.
* Harper JD. (1983). ''Late Season Soybean Looper Lepidoptera Noctuidae Population Reduction by Western Palm Warblers''. Florida Entomologist. vol '''66''', no 2. p. 280-281.
* Harris A. (1990). ''Palm Warblers Use Upland Cutovers as Nesting Habitat in Northwestern Ontario Canada''. Ontario Birds. vol '''8''', no 3. p. 84-87.
* Hoefs M. (1973). ''Birds of the Kluane Game Sanctuary Yukon Territory Canada and Adjacent Areas''. Canadian Field Naturalist. vol '''87''', no 4. p. 345-355.
* Hubbard JP. (1969). ''The Relationships and Evolution of the Dendroica-Coronata Complex''. Auk. vol '''86''', no 3. p. 393-432.
* Hubbard JP. (1972). ''Palm Warbler in Guerrero and Comments on Audubon's Warbler in Costa Rica''. Auk. vol '''89''', no 4. p. 885-886.
* Johnston DW. (1975). ''Organo Chlorine Pesticide Residues in Small Migratory Birds 1964-1973''. Pesticides Monitoring Journal. vol '''9''', no 2. p. 79-88.
* Johnston DW. (1976). ''Races of Palm Warblers Killed at a Florida Television Tower''. Florida Field Naturalist. vol '''4''', no 2. p. 22-24.
* Kirk DA & Hobson KA. (2001). ''Bird-habitat relationships in jack pine boreal forests''. Forest Ecology & Management. vol '''147''', no 2-3. p. 217-243.
* Lachance D, Lavoie C & Desrochers A. (2005). ''The impact of peatland afforestation on plant and bird diversity in southeastern Quebec''. Ecoscience. vol '''12''', no 2. p. 161-171.
* Latta SC. (2003). ''Effects of scaley-leg mite infestations on body condition and site fidelity of migratory Warblers in the Dominican Republic''. Auk. vol '''120''', no 3. p. 730-743.
* Latta SC & O'Connor BM. (2001). ''Patterns of Knemidokoptes jamaicensis (Acari: Knemidokoptidae) infestations among eight new avian hosts in the Dominican Republic''. Journal of Medical Entomology. vol '''38''', no 3. p. 437-440.
* MacKinnon DS & Freedman B. (1993). ''Effects of silvicultural use of the herbicide glyphosate on breeding birds of regenerating clearcuts in Nova Scotia, Canada''. Journal of Applied Ecology. vol '''30''', no 3. p. 395-406.
* Patti ST, Rubenstein DI & Rubenstein N. (1974). ''Distributional Notes on the Birds of Cayman Brac''. Florida Scientist. vol '''38''', no 3. p. 155-156.
* Pittaway R. (1995). ''Recognizable forms: Subspecies of the palm warbler''. Ontario Birds. vol '''13''', no 1. p. 23-27.
* Poulin M, Belisle M & Cabeza M. (2006). ''Within-site habitat configuration in reserve design: A case study with a peatland bird''. Biological Conservation. vol '''128''', no 1. p. 55-66.
* Quay WB. (1985). ''Sperm Release in Migrating Wood-Warblers Parulinae Nesting at Higher Latitudes''. Wilson Bulletin. vol '''97''', no 3. p. 283-295.
* Rodriguez D & Garcia ME. (1987). ''Ornithocenosis of the Littoral Vegetation on the Northern Coast of Havana Cuba''. Poeyana Instituto de Zoologia Academia de Ciencias de Cuba. vol '''347''', p. 1-7.
* Rodriguez G & Lentino M. (1997). ''Range expansion and summering of palm warbler Dendroica palmarum in Venezuela''. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. vol '''117''', no 1. p. 76-77.
* Stewart PA. (1968). ''Bird Migration through an Abandoned Farmstead Richmondena-Cardinalis Behavior Dendroica-Palmarum Guiraca-Caerulea Spizella-Passerina''. Chat. vol '''32''', no 4.
* Stewart PA & Connor HA. (1980). ''Fixation of Wintering Palm Warblers Dendroica-Palmarum to a Specific Site''. Journal of Field Ornithology. vol '''51''', no 4. p. 365-367.
* Stiles FG. (1988). ''Notes on the Distribution and Status of Certain Birds in Costa Rica''. Condor. vol '''90''', no 4. p. 931-933.
* Strandberg JO. (1981). ''Predation of Cabbage Looper Trichoplusia-Ni Pupae by the Striped Earwig Labidura-Riparia and 2 Bird Species''. Environmental Entomology. vol '''10''', no 5. p. 712-715.
* Taylor JW. (1969). ''Sharp-Tailed Sandpiper and Palm Warbler in Alaska''. Wilson Bulletin. vol '''81''', no 3. p. 337-338.
* Tomlinson DW. (2004). ''Wintering warblers in Cuba''. Ontario Birds. vol '''22''', no 1. p. 15-19.
* Vera CJ & Servello FA. (1994). ''Effects of paper mill sludge in spruce-fir forests on wildlife in Maine''. Journal of Wildlife Management. vol '''58''', no 4. p. 719-727.
* Welsh DA. (1971). ''Breeding and Territoriality of the Palm Warbler in a Nova Scotia Bog''. Canadian Field Naturalist. vol '''85''', no 1. p. 31-37.
* Wilson WH, Jr., Zierzow RE & Savage AR. (1998). ''Habitat selection by peatland birds in a Central Maine bog: The effects of scale and year''. Journal of Field Ornithology. vol '''69''', no 4. p. 540-548.
* Woods CA. (1975). ''Banding and Re Capture of Wintering Warblers in Haiti''. Bird Banding. vol '''46''', no 4. p. 344-346.
* Wunderle JMJ. (1978). ''Territorial Defense of a Nectar Source by a Palm Warbler''. Wilson Bulletin. vol '''90''', no 2. p. 297-299.
-->


{{Taxonbar|from=Q27075928}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q27075928}}


[[Category:Setophaga|palm warbler]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1789]]
[[Category:Birds of Canada]]
[[Category:Birds of Canada]]
[[Category:Native birds of the Northeastern United States]]
[[Category:Birds of Central America]]
[[Category:Birds of the Caribbean]]
[[Category:Birds of the Caribbean]]
[[Category:Birds of the Dominican Republic]]
[[Category:Birds of the Dominican Republic]]
[[Category:Birds of Central America]]
[[Category:Native birds of the Northeastern United States]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1789|palm warbler]]
[[Category:Setophaga]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin|palm warbler]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin]]

Latest revision as of 16:01, 17 June 2025

Template:Short description Template:Speciesbox

The palm warbler (Setophaga palmarum) is a small songbird of the New World warbler family.

Description

Measurements:[1]

Taxonomy

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The species comprises two distinct subspecies that may merit specific status.

"Yellow palm warbler" or "eastern palm warbler" (S. p. hypochrysea) of the eastern third of the breeding range has brownish-olive upper parts and thoroughly yellow underparts with bold rufous breast and flank streaking. It migrates later in the fall than its western counterpart.[2]

"Brown palm warbler" or "western palm warbler" (S. p. palmarum) inhabits the remaining western two-thirds of the breeding range. It has much less yellow below, with less colorful streaking, and cold grayish-brown upper parts.

Distribution

Palm warblers breed in open coniferous bogs and edge east of the Continental Divide, across Canada and the northeastern United States.

These birds migrate to the southeastern United States, the Yucatán Peninsula, islands of the Caribbean, and eastern Nicaragua south to Panama to winter.[3] They are one of the earlier migrants to return to their breeding grounds in the spring, often completing their migration almost two months before most other warblers. Unlike most Setophaga species, the palm warbler's winter range includes much of the Atlantic coast of North America, extending as far north as southern Nova Scotia.[4] Every year since 1900 the palm warbler has been observed during Christmas Bird Count activities in Massachusetts, and consistently since 1958 in Nova Scotia.[5] For the interval 1966–2015 the palm warbler population increased throughout much of its northernmost breeding range.[6]

The palm warbler has been recorded as a vagrant to Iceland.[7]

Behavior

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File:Palm Warbler, Homestead, FL 33030, USA imported from iNaturalist photo 62675077.jpg
Eating a Halloween pennant

Palm warbler nests take the form of an open cup, usually situated on or near the ground in an open area.

Palm warblers forage on the ground much more than other warblers, sometimes flying to catch insects. These birds mainly eat insects and berries. Their constant tail bobbing is an identifying characteristic.[8] Kirtland's, prairie, and palm warblers are the only Setophaga species that incessantly bob their tails.

The song of this bird is a monotonous buzzy trill. The call is a sharp chek.[9]

Gallery

References

Template:Reflist

External links

Template:Sister project Template:Sister project

Template:Taxonbar

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Þráinsson, Gunnlaugur (1997) Palm Warbler and Cerulean Warbler in Iceland - new to the Western Palearctic Birding World 10(10): 392–393
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Palm_Warbler/sounds#
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