1409: Difference between revisions

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=== January–March ===
=== January–March ===
* [[January 1]] – The [[Wales|Welsh]] surrender [[Harlech Castle]] to the [[Kingdom of England|English]].
* [[January 1]] – The [[Wales|Welsh]] surrender [[Harlech Castle]] to the [[Kingdom of England|English]].
* [[January 18]] – The [[Decree of Kutná Hora]] strengthens the Bohemian Nation at the cost of foreign, mostly German speaking students at the [[Charles University|University of Prague]]. Over a thousand students leave Prague as a consequence, choosing instead the universities of Heidelberg and the new University of Leipzig established later in the year.     
* [[January 18]] – The [[Decree of Kutná Hora]] strengthens the Bohemian nation at the cost of foreign, mostly German speaking students at the [[Charles University|University of Prague]]. Over a thousand students leave Prague as a consequence, choosing instead the universities of Heidelberg and the new University of Leipzig established later in the year.     
* [[February 15]] &ndash; The [[Galle Trilingual Inscription]], with inscriptions in three languages ([[Chinese language|Chinese]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Persian language|Persian]]) is installed by the Chinese admiral [[Zheng He]] at [[Galle]] in [[Sri Lanka]], where he had stopped while on his way home during the second of his [[Ming treasure voyages|treasure voyages]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Dreyer |first=Edward L. |title=Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405–1433 |year=2007 |publisher=Pearson Longman |location=New York |isbn=978-0321084439 |author-link=Edward L. Dreyer |page=66}}</ref>     
* [[February 15]] &ndash; The [[Galle Trilingual Inscription]], with inscriptions in three languages ([[Chinese language|Chinese]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Persian language|Persian]]) is installed by the Chinese admiral [[Zheng He]] at [[Galle]] in [[Sri Lanka]], where he has stopped while on his way home during the second of his [[Ming treasure voyages|treasure voyages]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Dreyer |first=Edward L. |title=Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405–1433 |year=2007 |publisher=Pearson Longman |location=New York |isbn=978-0321084439 |author-link=Edward L. Dreyer |page=66}}</ref>     
* [[February 24]] &ndash; Traveling in [[Valencia]] in [[Crown of Aragon|Aragon]], Father [[Joan Gilabert Jofré]], known as "Padre Jofré", witnesses a mentally ill man being beaten by two young attackers. After rescuing the victim, Jofré resolves to create the Hospital dels Ignoscents, the world's first psychiatric hospital.<ref>[http://www.aciprensa.com/noticia.php?n=15666 "Concluye fase diocesana del proceso de canonización del Padre Jofré" (in Spanish; "Diocesan stage of canonization of Padre Jofre Completed") publ. ACI, February 8, 2007], accessed July 11, 2011</ref>
* [[February 24]] &ndash; Traveling in [[Valencia]] in [[Crown of Aragon|Aragon]], Father [[Joan Gilabert Jofré]], known as "Padre Jofré", witnesses a mentally ill man being beaten by two young attackers. After rescuing the victim, Jofré resolves to create the Hospital dels Ignoscents, the world's first psychiatric hospital.<ref>[http://www.aciprensa.com/noticia.php?n=15666 "Concluye fase diocesana del proceso de canonización del Padre Jofré" (in Spanish; "Diocesan stage of canonization of Padre Jofre Completed") publ. ACI, February 8, 2007], accessed July 11, 2011</ref>
* [[March 25]] &ndash; On the day of the [[Feast of the Annunciation]], the [[Council of Pisa]] opens at the [[Cathedral of Pisa]] with 22 cardinals, four patriarchs and 80 bishops to seek an end to the [[Western Schism]] and resolve the conflict between [[Pope Gregory XII]] of the [[Rome]] and [[Antipope Benedict XIII]] of [[Avignon]].<ref>J. D. Mansi, ''[http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/20vs/200_Mansi/1692-1769,_Mansi_JD,_Sacrorum_Conciliorum_Nova_Amplissima_Collectio_Vol_027,_LT.pdf Tomus XXVII|Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio]'' (Venice: Antonius Zatta 1784), p.115</ref>
* [[March 25]] &ndash; On the day of the [[Feast of the Annunciation]], the [[Council of Pisa]] opens at the [[Cathedral of Pisa]] with 22 cardinals, four patriarchs and 80 bishops to seek an end to the [[Western Schism]] and resolve the conflict between [[Pope Gregory XII]] of the [[Rome]] and [[Antipope Benedict XIII]] of [[Avignon]].<ref>J. D. Mansi, ''[http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/20vs/200_Mansi/1692-1769,_Mansi_JD,_Sacrorum_Conciliorum_Nova_Amplissima_Collectio_Vol_027,_LT.pdf Tomus XXVII|Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio]'' (Venice: Antonius Zatta 1784), p.115</ref>
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* [[April 25]] &ndash; [[Hussite Wars]]: King [[Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia]] decides to stop fighting the war against the rebel [[Jan Žižka]] in [[České Budějovice|Budějovice]].<ref name=Smahel>[[František Šmahel]], ''Die Hussitische Revolution I–III'', MGH-Schriften. 43/I–III, Hannover (2002) pp.32-33</ref>
* [[April 25]] &ndash; [[Hussite Wars]]: King [[Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia]] decides to stop fighting the war against the rebel [[Jan Žižka]] in [[České Budějovice|Budějovice]].<ref name=Smahel>[[František Šmahel]], ''Die Hussitische Revolution I–III'', MGH-Schriften. 43/I–III, Hannover (2002) pp.32-33</ref>
* [[May 10]] &ndash; The Council of Pisa votes on the matter of whether to remove the warring popes Gregory XII and Benedict XIII. All but two of the clerics present vote for them to be deposed, with the exception of Cardinal [[Gui de Maillesec]] and Cardinal [[Niccolò Brancaccio]], who ask for more time to consider.<ref>{{cite book|last=Valois|first=Noël|title=La France et le grand schisme d'Occident: Recours au Concile général|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UOJLAAAAMAAJ|volume=Tome IV|year=1902|publisher=A. Picard et fils|location=Paris|language=fr|page=96}}</ref>
* [[May 10]] &ndash; The Council of Pisa votes on the matter of whether to remove the warring popes Gregory XII and Benedict XIII. All but two of the clerics present vote for them to be deposed, with the exception of Cardinal [[Gui de Maillesec]] and Cardinal [[Niccolò Brancaccio]], who ask for more time to consider.<ref>{{cite book|last=Valois|first=Noël|title=La France et le grand schisme d'Occident: Recours au Concile général|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UOJLAAAAMAAJ|volume=Tome IV|year=1902|publisher=A. Picard et fils|location=Paris|language=fr|page=96}}</ref>
* [[May 13]] &ndash; The [[Timurid War of Succession]] comes to an end as [[Khalil Sultan]] surrenders [[Samarkand]] to [[Shah Rukh]], ruler of the Timurid Empire since 1405. Shah Rukh installs his son [[Ulugh Beg]] as Governor of [[Transoxiana]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Abazov|first=Rafis|date=5 February 2008|page=72|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f1wYDAAAQBAJ&pg=PR72|title=Palgrave Concise Historical Atlas of Central Asia|publisher=Springer |isbn= 9780230610903}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=John E.|last=Woods|authorlink=John E. Woods (historian)|title=The Timurid dynasty|pages=2, 14, 20|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0XcMAQAAMAAJ|year=1990|publisher=Indiana University, Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies}}</ref> Shah Rukh then appoints Khalil as Governor of [[Ray, Iran|Shahr-e Rey]] in what is now [[Iran]].<ref>"The Successors of Timur", by H. R. Roemer, in ''The Cambridge History of Iran Volume 6: The Timurid and Safavid Periods'', ed. by Peter Jackson (Cambridge University Press, 1986) {{ISBN|0-521-20094-6}}</ref>
* [[May 13]] &ndash; The [[Timurid War of Succession]] comes to an end as [[Khalil Sultan]] surrenders [[Samarkand]] to [[Shah Rukh]], ruler of the Timurid Empire since 1405. Shah Rukh installs his son [[Ulugh Beg]] as Governor of [[Transoxiana]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Abazov|first=Rafis|date=5 February 2008|page=72|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f1wYDAAAQBAJ&pg=PR72|title=Palgrave Concise Historical Atlas of Central Asia|publisher=Springer |isbn= 9780230610903}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=John E.|last=Woods|authorlink=John E. Woods (historian)|title=The Timurid dynasty|pages=2, 14, 20|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0XcMAQAAMAAJ|year=1990|publisher=Indiana University, Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies}}</ref> Shah Rukh then appoints Khalil as Governor of [[Ray, Iran|Shahr-e Rey]] in modern-day [[Iran]].<ref>"The Successors of Timur", by H. R. Roemer, in ''The Cambridge History of Iran Volume 6: The Timurid and Safavid Periods'', ed. by Peter Jackson (Cambridge University Press, 1986) {{ISBN|0-521-20094-6}}</ref>
* [[May 18]] &ndash; [[Pir Muhammad (son of Umar Shaikh)|Pir Muhammad]], the son of Timurid Emperor Umar Shaikh, is assassinated near [[Shiraz]] by his own soldiers.<ref>{{cite book|last=Manz|first=Beatrice Forbes|authorlink=Beatrice Forbes Manz|title=Power, Politics and Religion in Timurid Iran|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BfkpHz9q_RMC&pg=PA156|year=2007|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-46284-6|page=156}}</ref>
* [[May 18]] &ndash; [[Pir Muhammad (son of Umar Shaikh)|Pir Muhammad]], the son of Timurid Emperor Umar Shaikh, is assassinated near [[Shiraz]] by his own soldiers.<ref>{{cite book|last=Manz|first=Beatrice Forbes|authorlink=Beatrice Forbes Manz|title=Power, Politics and Religion in Timurid Iran|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BfkpHz9q_RMC&pg=PA156|year=2007|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-46284-6|page=156}}</ref>
* [[May 26]] &ndash; The second [[Samogitian Uprising]] begins in what is now [[Lithuania]], against the [[Teutonic Knights]] who had been granted the rights to the [[Duchy of Samogita]] by the [[Peace of Raciążek]] in 1402.<ref name="Turnbull">{{citation |first=Stephen |last=Turnbull |author-link=Stephen Turnbull (historian) |title=Tannenberg 1410: Disaster for the Teutonic Knights |year=2003 |location=London |publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]] |series=Campaign Series |volume=122 |page=20 |isbn=978-1-84176-561-7 }}</ref>
* [[May 26]] &ndash; The second [[Samogitian Uprising]] begins in modern-day [[Lithuania]] against the [[Teutonic Knights]] who had been granted the rights to the [[Duchy of Samogita]] by the [[Peace of Raciążek]] in 1402.<ref name="Turnbull">{{citation |first=Stephen |last=Turnbull |author-link=Stephen Turnbull (historian) |title=Tannenberg 1410: Disaster for the Teutonic Knights |year=2003 |location=London |publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]] |series=Campaign Series |volume=122 |page=20 |isbn=978-1-84176-561-7 }}</ref>
* [[June 5]] &ndash; The Council of Pisa issues the order deposing both Gregory XII and Benedict XIII are responsible for the [[Western Schism]] and that both should be deposed.<ref>{{cite book|last= Lenfant|first=Jacques |title=Histoire du concile de Pise|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G5ZYAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR21|volume=Tome premier|year=1724|publisher=chez Pierre Humbert|location=Amsterdam|pages=80–82|language=French, Latin}}</ref>
* [[June 5]] &ndash; The Council of Pisa issues the order deposing both Gregory XII and Benedict XIII who are responsible for the [[Western Schism]].<ref>{{cite book|last= Lenfant|first=Jacques |title=Histoire du concile de Pise|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G5ZYAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR21|volume=Tome premier|year=1724|publisher=chez Pierre Humbert|location=Amsterdam|pages=80–82|language=French, Latin}}</ref>
* [[June 26]] &ndash; By order of the Council of Pisa, Pietro Filargo, is crowned as [[Antipope Alexander V|Pope Alexander V]], producing the anomaly of three different popes of the Roman Catholic church.<ref>Carl Joseph Hefele, ''[https://archive.org/details/histoiredesconci71hefeuoft Tome VII, première partie|Histoire des Conciles]'' (ed. H. Leclercq). ] (Paris: Letouzey, 1916) pp. 57–58.{{in lang|fr}}</ref>
* [[June 26]] &ndash; By order of the Council of Pisa, Pietro Filargo is crowned as [[Antipope Alexander V|Pope Alexander V]], producing the anomaly of three different popes of the Roman Catholic church.<ref>Carl Joseph Hefele, ''[https://archive.org/details/histoiredesconci71hefeuoft Tome VII, première partie|Histoire des Conciles]'' (ed. H. Leclercq). ] (Paris: Letouzey, 1916) pp. 57–58.{{in lang|fr}}</ref>
* [[June 27]] &ndash; Bohemia's King Wenceslaus pardons rebel leader Jan Zizka, and orders the city of Budejovice to do so as well.<ref name=Smahel/>
* [[June 27]] &ndash; Bohemia's King Wenceslaus pardons rebel leader Jan Zizka, and orders the city of Budejovice to do so as well.<ref name=Smahel/>
[[File:MarghinottibattagliaSanluri.jpg|200px|thumb|The Battle of Sanluri]]
[[File:MarghinottibattagliaSanluri.jpg|200px|thumb|The Battle of Sanluri]]
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=== July&ndash;September ===
=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 9]] &ndash; The [[Republic of Venice]], led by the [[Doge of Venice|Doge]] [[Michele Steno]], gains control of both sides of the [[Adriatic Sea]] by purchasing the [[Dalmatia]]n coast (now bordered by [[Slovenia]] and by [[Croatia]]) from [[Ladislaus of Naples|King Ladislaus the Magnanimous]], ruler of the [[Kingdom of Naples]] for 100,000 [[Ducat#Gold ducat of Venice|ducats]], or 350 [[kilogram]]s of gold.<ref>[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Catholic_Encyclopedia/MlY_AQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%229+July+1409%22+venice&pg=PA511&printsec=frontcover "Croatia"], by M. D. Kampotic, in ''The Catholic Encyclopedia'', ed. by Charles G. Herbermann, et al., Volume IV (Robert Appleton Company, 1908) p.511</ref>
* [[July 9]] &ndash; The [[Republic of Venice]], led by the [[Doge of Venice|Doge]] [[Michele Steno]], gains control of both sides of the [[Adriatic Sea]] by purchasing the [[Dalmatia]]n coast (bordered in modern times by [[Slovenia]] and [[Croatia]]) from [[Ladislaus of Naples|King Ladislaus the Magnanimous]], ruler of the [[Kingdom of Naples]] for 100,000 [[Ducat#Gold ducat of Venice|ducats]], or 350 [[kilogram]]s of gold.<ref>[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Catholic_Encyclopedia/MlY_AQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%229+July+1409%22+venice&pg=PA511&printsec=frontcover "Croatia"], by M. D. Kampotic, in ''The Catholic Encyclopedia'', ed. by Charles G. Herbermann, et al., Volume IV (Robert Appleton Company, 1908) p.511</ref>
* [[July 25]] &ndash; [[Martin I of Aragon|Martin I]], [[Crown of Aragon|King of Aragon]], becomes the [[Monarchs of Naples and Sicily|King of Martin II of Sicily]] upon the death of his son, [[Martin I of Sicily]].
* [[July 25]] &ndash; [[Martin I of Aragon|Martin I]], [[Crown of Aragon|King of Aragon]], becomes [[Monarchs of Naples and Sicily|King Martin II of Sicily]] upon the death of his son, [[Martin I of Sicily]].
* [[August 6]] &ndash; [[Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War|
* [[August 6]] &ndash; The [[Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War]] breaks out between the [[Teutonic Knights]] and the allied Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania.<ref name=Turnbull/>
War breaks out]] between the [[Teutonic Knights]] and the allied Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania.<ref name=Turnbull/>
* [[August 7]] &ndash; The [[Council of Pisa]] closes.
* [[August 7]] &ndash; The [[Council of Pisa]] closes.
* [[September 9]] &ndash; [[Pope Alexander V]] issues a papal bull granting a charter to the [[University of Leipzig]].<ref name=Leipzig600>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sechshundert.de/index1_e.php?JavaScript=On|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719084528/http://www.sechshundert.de/index1_e.php?JavaScript=On|url-status=dead|title=Universität Leipzig 600th Anniversary|archive-date=19 July 2011}}</ref>
* [[September 9]] &ndash; The new [[Pope Alexander V]] issues a papal bull granting a charter to the [[University of Leipzig]].<ref name=Leipzig600>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sechshundert.de/index1_e.php?JavaScript=On|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719084528/http://www.sechshundert.de/index1_e.php?JavaScript=On|url-status=dead|title=Universität Leipzig 600th Anniversary|archive-date=19 July 2011}}</ref>


=== October&ndash;December ===
=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 7]] &ndash; [[Jean de Montagu]], [[Grand Master of France]] and a top advisor to the mentally unstable King [[Charles VI of France]], is arrested on orders of [[John the Fearless]], [[Duke of Burgundy]]. Montagu is public beheaded 10 days later at the [[Gibbet of Montfaucon]] in [[Paris]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Knecht |first=Robert |year=2007 |title=The Valois: Kings of France 1328–1589 |publisher=A&C Black|page=54}}</ref>
* [[October 7]] &ndash; [[Jean de Montagu]], [[Grand Master of France]] and a leading advisor to the mentally unstable King [[Charles VI of France]], is arrested on orders of [[John the Fearless]], [[Duke of Burgundy]]. Montagu is public beheaded 10 days later at the [[Gibbet of Montfaucon]] in [[Paris]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Knecht |first=Robert |year=2007 |title=The Valois: Kings of France 1328–1589 |publisher=A&C Black|page=54}}</ref>
* [[October 26]] &ndash;  
* [[October 26]] &ndash;  
**Representatives of the [[Venetian Republic]] (now part of Italy) and the [[Zeta under the Balšići|Principality of Zeta]] (now part of Serbia) sign a peace treaty to halt the [[First Scutari War]] for one year.  
**Representatives of the [[Venetian Republic]] (in modern-day Italy) and the [[Zeta under the Balšići|Principality of Zeta]] (part of modern-day Serbia) sign a peace treaty to halt the [[First Scutari War]] for one year.  
**King [[Henry IV of England]] summons the [[English Parliament]] to assemble, starting on January 27.
**King [[Henry IV of England]] summons the [[English Parliament]] to assemble, starting on January 27.
* [[November 23]] &ndash; King [[Henry IV of England]] sends a letter to all leading nobles, including warning them to have no further communication or entreaty with the Welsh rebel [[Owain Glyndŵr]].<ref>"Reginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn", in ''Oxford History of England'', 1399-1485, pp. 37-51</ref>
* [[November 23]] &ndash; King [[Henry IV of England]] sends a letter to all leading nobles, including a warning to them to have no further communication or entreaty with the Welsh rebel [[Owain Glyndŵr]].<ref>"Reginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn", in ''Oxford History of England'', 1399-1485, pp. 37-51</ref>
* [[December 2]] &ndash; The [[University of Leipzig]] opens.<ref name=Leipzig600/>
* [[December 2]] &ndash; The [[University of Leipzig]] opens.<ref name=Leipzig600/>
* [[December 9]] &ndash; [[Louis II of Anjou]] founds the [[Aix-Marseille University|University of Aix-en-Provence]].
* [[December 9]] &ndash; [[Louis II of Anjou]] founds the [[Aix-Marseille University|University of Aix-en-Provence]].
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* [[Ulugh Beg]] becomes governor of [[Samarkand]].
* [[Ulugh Beg]] becomes governor of [[Samarkand]].
* The [[Republic of Venice]] purchases the port of [[Zadar]] from [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]].
* The [[Republic of Venice]] purchases the port of [[Zadar]] from [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]].
* Grand Master [[Ulrich von Jungingen]] of the [[Teutonic Knights]] guarantees peace with the [[Kalmar Union]] of [[Scandinavia]], by selling the [[Baltic Sea]] island of [[Gotland]] to Queen [[Margaret I of Denmark|Margaret of Denmark, Norway and Sweden]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Martinsson|first1=Örjan|title=Gotland|url=http://www.tacitus.nu/svenskhistoria/land/gotland.htm|website=www.tacitus.nu|publisher=Tacitus.nu|access-date=2014-06-12}}</ref>
* Grand Master [[Ulrich von Jungingen]] of the [[Teutonic Knights]] guarantees peace with the [[Kalmar Union]] of [[Scandinavia]] by selling the [[Baltic Sea]] island of [[Gotland]] to Queen [[Margaret I of Denmark|Margaret of Denmark, Norway and Sweden]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Martinsson|first1=Örjan|title=Gotland|url=http://www.tacitus.nu/svenskhistoria/land/gotland.htm|website=www.tacitus.nu|publisher=Tacitus.nu|access-date=2014-06-12}}</ref>
* [[Cheng Ho]] (or [[Zheng He]]), admiral of the [[Ming Dynasty|Ming]] empire fleet, deposes the king of [[Sri Lanka]].
* [[Cheng Ho]] (or [[Zheng He]]), admiral of the [[Ming dynasty|Ming]] empire fleet, deposes the king of [[Sri Lanka]].
* [[Mircea I of Wallachia|Mircea cel Bătrân]] successfully defends [[Silistra]] against the Ottomans.
* [[Mircea I of Wallachia|Mircea cel Bătrân]] of Wallachia successfully defends [[Silistra]] against the Ottomans</onlyinclude>
</onlyinclude>


== Births ==
== Births ==

Latest revision as of 18:20, 13 June 2025

Template:About year Template:Year nav Template:Multiple image Script error: No such module "Sidebar". Script error: No such module "Year in various calendars".Year 1409 (MCDIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.

Events

January–March

April–June

File:MarghinottibattagliaSanluri.jpg
The Battle of Sanluri

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

Births

Deaths

References

Template:Reflist

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ "Concluye fase diocesana del proceso de canonización del Padre Jofré" (in Spanish; "Diocesan stage of canonization of Padre Jofre Completed") publ. ACI, February 8, 2007, accessed July 11, 2011
  3. ↑ J. D. Mansi, Tomus XXVII|Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio (Venice: Antonius Zatta 1784), p.115
  4. ↑ a b František Šmahel, Die Hussitische Revolution I–III, MGH-Schriften. 43/I–III, Hannover (2002) pp.32-33
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ "The Successors of Timur", by H. R. Roemer, in The Cambridge History of Iran Volume 6: The Timurid and Safavid Periods, ed. by Peter Jackson (Cambridge University Press, 1986) Template:ISBN
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Carl Joseph Hefele, Tome VII, première partie|Histoire des Conciles (ed. H. Leclercq). ] (Paris: Letouzey, 1916) pp. 57–58.Template:In lang
  13. ↑ Josep-David Garrido i Valls, Life and reign of Martí I (Rafael Dalmau Editorial, 2010) pp. 256-264. ISBN 978-84-232-0748-0.
  14. ↑ "Croatia", by M. D. Kampotic, in The Catholic Encyclopedia, ed. by Charles G. Herbermann, et al., Volume IV (Robert Appleton Company, 1908) p.511
  15. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ "Reginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn", in Oxford History of England, 1399-1485, pp. 37-51
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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