Kinneret (archaeological site): Difference between revisions

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'''Kinneret''' ({{Langx|he|כִּנֶּרֶת}}) is the name of an important [[Bronze Age|Bronze]] and [[Iron Age]] city situated on the northwestern shore of the [[Sea of Galilee]], mentioned in the 14th century BC [[Aqhat Epic]] of [[Ugarit]], and in the [[Old Testament]] and [[New Testament]]. Older Bible translations spell the name alternatively '''Kinnereth''' or '''Chinnereth''', and sometimes in the plural as '''Chinneroth'''.<ref name= hub>{{cite web|url=http://biblehub.com/topical/c/chinneroth.htm|website=biblehub.com|title=Bible Hub, ''Chinneroth'' |access-date=2018-11-06}}</ref><ref name= Arnold>{{cite book|last1=Arnold|first1=Bill T.|last2=Beyer|first2=Bryan E.|title=Readings from the Ancient Near East: Primary Sources for Old Testament Study|publisher=Baker Academic|year=2002|page=82|isbn=978-0-8010-2292-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KR8J5WM04VsC}}</ref> In time the name became '''Gennesaret''' and '''Ginosar''' ({{Langx|he|גִּנֵּיסַר}}). The remains of Kinneret have been excavated at a site called '''Tell el-'Oreimeh''' (Tell el-‘Orēme) in [[Arabic]] and '''Tel Kinrot''' in [[Modern Hebrew]].
'''Kinneret''' ({{Langx|he|כִּנֶּרֶת|Kinˈnereṯ}}) is the name of an important [[Bronze Age|Bronze]] and [[Iron Age]] city of the [[History of the ancient Levant|ancient Levant]] situated on the northwestern shore of the [[Sea of Galilee]]. It was first mentioned in the 14th century BC [[Tale of Aqhat]] of [[Ugarit]], and in also mentioned in the [[Hebrew Bible]] and the [[New Testament]].  
 
Older Bible translations spell the name alternatively '''Kinnereth''' or '''Chinnereth''', and sometimes in the plural as '''Chinneroth'''.<ref name= hub>{{cite web|url=http://biblehub.com/topical/c/chinneroth.htm|website=biblehub.com|title=Bible Hub, ''Chinneroth'' |access-date=2018-11-06}}</ref><ref name= Arnold>{{cite book|last1=Arnold|first1=Bill T.|last2=Beyer|first2=Bryan E.|title=Readings from the Ancient Near East: Primary Sources for Old Testament Study|publisher=Baker Academic|year=2002|page=82|isbn=978-0-8010-2292-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KR8J5WM04VsC}}</ref> In time, the Hebrew name became '''Gennesaret''' and '''Ginosar''' ({{Lang|he|גִּנֵּיסַר}}). The remains of Kinneret have been excavated at a site called '''Tell el-'Oreimeh''' (Tell el-‘Orēme) in [[Levantine Arabic]] and '''Tel Kinrot''' in [[Modern Hebrew]].


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
Line 46: Line 48:


====Talmud====
====Talmud====
According to the [[Jerusalem Talmud]] (Megillah 1:1), the name Kinneret is derived from the name of the ''kinnar'' trees which grow in its vicinity, explained by lexicographer [[M. Jastrow]] to mean the Christ's thorn jujube ([[Ziziphus spina-christi]]),<ref>Marcus Jastrow, ''Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature'', Peabody, Mass. 2006, p. 651 (s.v. '''כנרא''')</ref> and by [[Moses Margolies]] to mean cane reeds.<ref>Jerusalem Talmud, ''Megillah'' 1:1 [2b]</ref>
According to the [[Jerusalem Talmud]], [[Megillah (Talmud)|Megillah]] 1:1, the name Kinneret is derived from the name of the ''kinnar'' trees which grow in its vicinity, explained by lexicographer [[Marcus Jastrow]] to mean the Christsthorn jujube (''[[Ziziphus spina-christi]]''),<ref>Marcus Jastrow, ''Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature'', Peabody, Mass. 2006, p. 651 (s.v. '''כנרא''')</ref> and by [[Moses Margolies]] to mean cane reeds.<ref>Jerusalem Talmud, ''Megillah'' 1:1 [2b]</ref>
 
Another Talmud passage says that it is so-called because its fruits{{dubious|Whose fruit? The translation [https://www.sefaria.org.il/Megillah.6a.1?ven=Sefaria_Community_Translation&lang=en here] says "the sweetness of *the* fruit", not *its* fruit|date=April 2020}} are as sweet as those of the ''kinnara''{{dubious|The translation makes no connection to any "kinnara", but compares to a music instrument.|date=April 2020}} (Ziziphus spina-christi).<ref>[[Babylonian Talmud]] (''Megillah'' 6a)</ref>{{dubious|A link to the Talmud passage in the English translation YOU have used, pls! So far, it's total BS what we have here. Either totally wrong, or at least the editor's personal interpretation, which is prohibited on WP, and also fully opaque, as it is not explained.|date=April 2020}}


==="Gennesaret" and "Ginosar"===
==="Gennesaret" and "Ginosar"===
[[Adrian Room]] sees the origin of 'Ginosar' in a combination of Hebrew words, {{transliteration|he|ge}} ('[[valley]]') and either {{transliteration|he|netser}} ('[[branch]]') or {{transliteration|he|natsor}} ('to guard', 'to watch').<ref name= Placenames>{{cite book |last=Room |first=Adrian |author-link=Adrian Room |title= Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for 6,600 Countries, Cities, Territories, Natural Features, and Historic Sites |page=138 |year=2006 |publisher=[[McFarland & Company|McFarland]] |edition=2nd, revised |isbn=978-0-7864-2248-7 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=M1JIPAN-eJ4C&pg=PA138 |access-date= 21 February 2011}}</ref>
[[Adrian Room]] sees the origin of 'Ginosar' in a combination of Hebrew words, {{transliteration|he|ge}} ('[[valley]]') and either {{transliteration|he|netser}} ('[[branch]]') or {{transliteration|he|natsor}} ('to guard', 'to watch').<ref name= Placenames>{{cite book |last=Room |first=Adrian |author-link=Adrian Room |title= Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for 6,600 Countries, Cities, Territories, Natural Features, and Historic Sites |page=138 |year=2006 |publisher=[[McFarland & Company|McFarland]] |edition=2nd, revised |isbn=978-0-7864-2248-7 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=M1JIPAN-eJ4C&pg=PA138 |access-date= 21 February 2011}}</ref>


The late-19th-century [[Easton's Bible Dictionary]] offers a very different etymology, by stating that the initial Hebrew name 'Kinneret', in the plural 'Kinnerot', was [[Grecized]] to Gennesaret, with Ginosar as yet another transformation of the Hebrew name.<ref name= Easton>Easton's Revised Bible Dictionary, [https://www.biblestudytools.com/dictionary/gennesaret "Gennesaret"]</ref>
The late-19th-century ''[[Easton's Bible Dictionary]]'' offers a very different etymology, by stating that the initial Hebrew name 'Kinneret', in the plural 'Kinnerot', was [[Hellenization|Hellenized]] to Gennesaret, with Ginosar an alternative transformation.<ref name= Easton>Easton's Revised Bible Dictionary, [https://www.biblestudytools.com/dictionary/gennesaret "Gennesaret"]</ref>


==Historical use of the name==
===The lake===
===The lake===
Due to its prominence, the city gave its name to the lake (the "[[Sea of Galilee]]") for long periods of history, as the Sea of Kinneret, Kinnerot, Gennesaret, or Ginosar.<ref name= Easton/>
Due to its prominence, the city gave its name to the lake (the "[[Sea of Galilee]]") for long periods of history, as the Sea of Kinneret, Kinnerot, Gennesaret, or Ginosar.<ref name= Easton/>
Line 67: Line 66:
The Israeli [[Kibbutz Ginosar]] derives its name from the ancient town, though it is not located on its precise site. The settlements of [[Kinneret, Israel|Moshavat Kinneret]] and [[Kvutzat Kinneret]] are even further south, on the southwestern shore of the lake.
The Israeli [[Kibbutz Ginosar]] derives its name from the ancient town, though it is not located on its precise site. The settlements of [[Kinneret, Israel|Moshavat Kinneret]] and [[Kvutzat Kinneret]] are even further south, on the southwestern shore of the lake.


==Biblical and other ancient sources==
==History==
===Annals of Thutmose III===
===Late Bronze Age===
====Egyptian period====
{{hiero|knnꜣrtw<ref name = Gauthier205/><ref name = Budge1048>{{cite book |last1=Wallis Budge |first1=E. A. |title=An Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary: with an index of English words, king list and geological list with indexes, list of hieroglyphic characters, Coptic and Semitic alphabets, etc. Vol II |date=1920 |publisher=[[John Murray (publishing house)|John Murray]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/egyptianhierogly02budguoft/page/1048 1048] |url=https://archive.org/details/egyptianhierogly02budguoft}}</ref>|<hiero>V31:N35-N35:G1-D21:Z1-X1-G43</hiero>|era=nk|align=right}}
{{hiero|knnꜣrtw<ref name = Gauthier205/><ref name = Budge1048>{{cite book |last1=Wallis Budge |first1=E. A. |title=An Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary: with an index of English words, king list and geological list with indexes, list of hieroglyphic characters, Coptic and Semitic alphabets, etc. Vol II |date=1920 |publisher=[[John Murray (publishing house)|John Murray]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/egyptianhierogly02budguoft/page/1048 1048] |url=https://archive.org/details/egyptianhierogly02budguoft}}</ref>|<hiero>V31:N35-N35:G1-D21:Z1-X1-G43</hiero>|era=nk|align=right}}


Kinneret is mentioned as '''Kennartou''' in the 15th-century BCE [[Annals of Thutmose III]] at [[Temple of Karnak]].<ref name = Gauthier205>{{cite book |last1=Gauthier |first1=Henri |title=Dictionnaire des Noms Géographiques Contenus dans les Textes Hiéroglyphiques Vol. 5 |date=1928 |page=205 |url=https://archive.org/details/Gauthier1928/page/n105}}</ref>
Kinneret is mentioned as '''Kennartou''' (knnꜣrtw) in the 15th-century BCE [[Annals of Thutmose III]] at [[Temple of Karnak]].<ref name = Gauthier205>{{cite book |last1=Gauthier |first1=Henri |title=Dictionnaire des Noms Géographiques Contenus dans les Textes Hiéroglyphiques Vol. 5 |date=1928 |page=205 |url=https://archive.org/details/Gauthier1928/page/n105}}</ref>


===Hebrew Bible===
===Iron Age===
According to Sugimoto (2015), the Iron Age IB (tenth to mid-ninth centuries BC) cities in the northeastern region of the Sea of Galilee, including Tel Kinrot, likely reflect the activities of the Kingdom of [[Geshur]], mentioned in the Bible. Also, the later Iron Age IIA–B cities here are linked with the southern expansion of the [[Aram-Damascus]] kingdom.<ref>David T. Sugimoto 2015, [https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/orient/50/0/50_91/_article History and Nature of Iron Age Cities in the Northeastern Sea of Galilee Region: A Preliminary Overview.] ORIENT Volume 50, 2015</ref>
 
====Hebrew Bible====
Kinneret was a town allotted to the [[tribe of Naphtali]] ({{bibleverse|Joshua|19:35}}). The name appears in the singular form as "Kinneret" ({{bibleverse|Numbers|34:11}}, {{bibleverse|Deuteronomy|3:17}}) or in the plural as "Kinneroth" ({{bibleverse|Joshua 11:2, 12:3|multi=yes}}).
Kinneret was a town allotted to the [[tribe of Naphtali]] ({{bibleverse|Joshua|19:35}}). The name appears in the singular form as "Kinneret" ({{bibleverse|Numbers|34:11}}, {{bibleverse|Deuteronomy|3:17}}) or in the plural as "Kinneroth" ({{bibleverse|Joshua 11:2, 12:3|multi=yes}}).


===New Testament (Gospels)===
===Classical Age===
====Josephus and Babylonian Talmud====
[[Josephus|Flavius Josephus]], as well as the [[Babylonian Talmud]] mention the lake by the name "Sea of Ginosar" after the small fertile plain of Ginosar that lies at the foot of Tell el-'Oreimeh, ancient Kinneret. Josephus refers to the area as having very rich soil.<ref>''The Physical Geography, Geology, and Meteorology of the Holyand'' by [[Henry Baker Tristram]] 2007 {{ISBN|1593334826}} page 11</ref>
 
====New Testament====
In the [[New Testament]], the name appears changed to Gennesaret (in [[Matthew 14:34]], [[Mark 6#Healing of the sick of Gennesaret|Mark 6:53]] and [[Luke 5:1]]; the latter refers to "the Lake of Gennesaret").<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|5:1:NKJV}}: [[New King James Version]]</ref> In [[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]] and [[Gospel of Mark|Mark]], this city or area is a place where [[Jesus]] visited and performed healings.<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew 14:34; Mark 6:53|multi=yes}}</ref> In [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]], he taught the crowds there and appointed his first four [[Disciple (Christianity)|disciple]]s.
In the [[New Testament]], the name appears changed to Gennesaret (in [[Matthew 14:34]], [[Mark 6#Healing of the sick of Gennesaret|Mark 6:53]] and [[Luke 5:1]]; the latter refers to "the Lake of Gennesaret").<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|5:1:NKJV}}: [[New King James Version]]</ref> In [[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]] and [[Gospel of Mark|Mark]], this city or area is a place where [[Jesus]] visited and performed healings.<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew 14:34; Mark 6:53|multi=yes}}</ref> In [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]], he taught the crowds there and appointed his first four [[Disciple (Christianity)|disciple]]s.


The [[Douay-Rheims Bible]] uses the form "Genesar" in its translation of Matthew 14:34:
The [[Douay-Rheims Bible]] uses the form "Genesar" in its translation of Matthew 14:34:
:''And having passed the water, they came into the country of Genesar''.<ref>[http://drbo.org/chapter/47014.htm Matthew 14:34] in the Douay-Rheims Bible</ref>
:''And having passed the water, they came into the country of Genesar''.<ref>[http://drbo.org/chapter/47014.htm Matthew 14:34] in the Douay-Rheims Bible</ref>
===Josephus and Babylonian Talmud===
[[Josephus|Flavius Josephus]], as well as the [[Babylonian Talmud]] mention the lake by the name "Sea of Ginosar" after the small fertile plain of Ginosar that lies at the foot of Tell el-'Oreimeh, ancient Kinneret. Josephus refers to the area as having very rich soil.<ref>''The Physical Geography, Geology, and Meteorology of the Holyand'' by [[Henry Baker Tristram]] 2007 {{ISBN|1593334826}} page 11</ref>


==Identification and location==
==Identification and location==
Line 92: Line 96:
The site has the [[Israeli Cassini Soldner|ICS Coordinates]]: 200805-1252830;<ref name= Aharoni>[[Yohanan Aharoni|Aharoni, Yochanan]]. ''The Land of the Bible, A Historical Geography''. The Westminster Press, Philadelphia, 1979, p. 433.</ref><ref name= amudanan>{{cite web|url=http://amudanan.co.il/|title=עמוד ענן - המדריך השיתופי לידיעת הארץ|website=amudanan.co.il|language=he|access-date=2018-11-06}}</ref><ref name= coord/> ca. 32.87000 N, 35.539312 E.<ref name= coord>{{cite web|url=http://twcc.free.fr/|author=Clément RONZON|website=twcc.free.fr|title=TWCC, The World Coordinate Converter|access-date=2018-11-06}}</ref>
The site has the [[Israeli Cassini Soldner|ICS Coordinates]]: 200805-1252830;<ref name= Aharoni>[[Yohanan Aharoni|Aharoni, Yochanan]]. ''The Land of the Bible, A Historical Geography''. The Westminster Press, Philadelphia, 1979, p. 433.</ref><ref name= amudanan>{{cite web|url=http://amudanan.co.il/|title=עמוד ענן - המדריך השיתופי לידיעת הארץ|website=amudanan.co.il|language=he|access-date=2018-11-06}}</ref><ref name= coord/> ca. 32.87000 N, 35.539312 E.<ref name= coord>{{cite web|url=http://twcc.free.fr/|author=Clément RONZON|website=twcc.free.fr|title=TWCC, The World Coordinate Converter|access-date=2018-11-06}}</ref>


According to Sugimoto (2015), the Iron Age IB (tenth to mid-ninth centuries BC) cities in the northeastern region of the Sea of Galilee, including Tel Kinrot, likely reflect the activities of the Kingdom of [[Geshur]], mentioned in the Bible. Also, the later Iron Age IIA–B cities here are linked with the southern expansion of the [[Aram-Damascus]] kingdom.<ref>David T. Sugimoto 2015, [https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/orient/50/0/50_91/_article History and Nature of Iron Age Cities in the Northeastern Sea of Galilee Region: A Preliminary Overview.] ORIENT Volume 50, 2015</ref>
==Excavations==
 
==History of archaeological exploration==
The [[Tell (archaeology)|tell]] was first explored by Paul Karge in 1911, with a main focus on prehistoric remains. Robert Köppel was the first to excavate (1932 and 1939), but only few results were published.<ref name= KRP>{{cite web |title=Tel Kinrot |publisher= Kinneret Regional Project |website= kinneret-excavations.org |url= http://kinneret-excavations.org/?page_id=54 |access-date= 6 November 2018}}</ref>
The [[Tell (archaeology)|tell]] was first explored by Paul Karge in 1911, with a main focus on prehistoric remains. Robert Köppel was the first to excavate (1932 and 1939), but only few results were published.<ref name= KRP>{{cite web |title=Tel Kinrot |publisher= Kinneret Regional Project |website= kinneret-excavations.org |url= http://kinneret-excavations.org/?page_id=54 |access-date= 6 November 2018}}</ref>


Latest revision as of 21:29, 11 December 2025

Template:Short description Template:Infobox ancient site

Kinneret (Template:Langx) is the name of an important Bronze and Iron Age city of the ancient Levant situated on the northwestern shore of the Sea of Galilee. It was first mentioned in the 14th century BC Tale of Aqhat of Ugarit, and in also mentioned in the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament.

Older Bible translations spell the name alternatively Kinnereth or Chinnereth, and sometimes in the plural as Chinneroth.[1][2] In time, the Hebrew name became Gennesaret and Ginosar (Script error: No such module "Lang".). The remains of Kinneret have been excavated at a site called Tell el-'Oreimeh (Tell el-‘Orēme) in Levantine Arabic and Tel Kinrot in Modern Hebrew.

Etymology

"Kinneret"

"Kinnor" instrument

One theory is that Kinneret is derived from kinnor, an ancient Israelite musical instrument, on account of the shape of the lake resembling that of the instrument.[3]

Talmud

According to the Jerusalem Talmud, Megillah 1:1, the name Kinneret is derived from the name of the kinnar trees which grow in its vicinity, explained by lexicographer Marcus Jastrow to mean the Christsthorn jujube (Ziziphus spina-christi),[4] and by Moses Margolies to mean cane reeds.[5]

"Gennesaret" and "Ginosar"

Adrian Room sees the origin of 'Ginosar' in a combination of Hebrew words, Script error: No such module "lang". ('valley') and either Script error: No such module "lang". ('branch') or Script error: No such module "lang". ('to guard', 'to watch').[6]

The late-19th-century Easton's Bible Dictionary offers a very different etymology, by stating that the initial Hebrew name 'Kinneret', in the plural 'Kinnerot', was Hellenized to Gennesaret, with Ginosar an alternative transformation.[7]

The lake

Due to its prominence, the city gave its name to the lake (the "Sea of Galilee") for long periods of history, as the Sea of Kinneret, Kinnerot, Gennesaret, or Ginosar.[7]

As other places around the lake rose to prominence, such as Tiberias and Qasr al-Minya, the name of the lake also changed to Lake Tiberias[8] or Lake Minya ("Bahr el-Minya" in Arabic).[9]

Script error: No such module "anchor".The plain

The name has also been used for the "Plain of Gennesaret", which stretches south of the ancient city. The plain's modern names are Plain of Ginosar in Hebrew and el-Ghuweir in Arabic.

Modern settlements

The Israeli Kibbutz Ginosar derives its name from the ancient town, though it is not located on its precise site. The settlements of Moshavat Kinneret and Kvutzat Kinneret are even further south, on the southwestern shore of the lake.

History

Late Bronze Age

Egyptian period

<hiero>V31:N35-N35:G1-D21:Z1-X1-G43</hiero>
knnꜣrtw[10][11]
in hieroglyphs
Template:Hiero/era | Era: Template:Hiero/era

Kinneret is mentioned as Kennartou (knnꜣrtw) in the 15th-century BCE Annals of Thutmose III at Temple of Karnak.[10]

Iron Age

According to Sugimoto (2015), the Iron Age IB (tenth to mid-ninth centuries BC) cities in the northeastern region of the Sea of Galilee, including Tel Kinrot, likely reflect the activities of the Kingdom of Geshur, mentioned in the Bible. Also, the later Iron Age IIA–B cities here are linked with the southern expansion of the Aram-Damascus kingdom.[12]

Hebrew Bible

Kinneret was a town allotted to the tribe of Naphtali (Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".). The name appears in the singular form as "Kinneret" (Script error: No such module "Bibleverse"., Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".) or in the plural as "Kinneroth" (Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".).

Classical Age

Josephus and Babylonian Talmud

Flavius Josephus, as well as the Babylonian Talmud mention the lake by the name "Sea of Ginosar" after the small fertile plain of Ginosar that lies at the foot of Tell el-'Oreimeh, ancient Kinneret. Josephus refers to the area as having very rich soil.[13]

New Testament

In the New Testament, the name appears changed to Gennesaret (in Matthew 14:34, Mark 6:53 and Luke 5:1; the latter refers to "the Lake of Gennesaret").[14] In Matthew and Mark, this city or area is a place where Jesus visited and performed healings.[15] In Luke, he taught the crowds there and appointed his first four disciples.

The Douay-Rheims Bible uses the form "Genesar" in its translation of Matthew 14:34:

And having passed the water, they came into the country of Genesar.[16]

Identification and location

File:Grimm, J.L. Mahlmann, H. Tiberias. 1850-3.jpg
The Plain of Gennesaret marked on an 1850 German map of the Sea of Galilee as "El-Ghuweir / Genezareth" (western shore, stretching from "Khan Minyeh" to "el-Mejdel / Magdala")

The site of the fortified Bronze and Iron Age city of Kinneret is identified with the mound known in Arabic as Tell el-'Oreimeh and in modern Hebrew as Tel Kinrot, halfway between Capernaum and Magdala.[17][18] Situated on an important trade route, its elevated position meant that it also overlooked and guarded the Plain of Ginosar from its northern end.

The site has the ICS Coordinates: 200805-1252830;[19][20][21] ca. 32.87000 N, 35.539312 E.[21]

Excavations

The tell was first explored by Paul Karge in 1911, with a main focus on prehistoric remains. Robert Köppel was the first to excavate (1932 and 1939), but only few results were published.[22]

The premises of the future Mekorot pumping station and a number of spots at the foot of the hill were surveyed in the 1950s by Israeli archaeologists Gershon Edelstein and Bezalel Rabbani (published by Fritz, 1978). In the 1980s, Shan M. M. Winn of the University of Southern Mississippi and Jak Yakar of the University of Tel Aviv cut a small and deep trench near the shore, where they discovered the expected evidence of Early Bronze Age occupation (Winn & Yakar, 1984). Volkmar Fritz of the University of Mainz/Giessen, Germany, then directed the first systematic and continuous excavations: 1982-1985 at the peak ("acropolis"), and in 1995-1999 and 2001 on the lower part of the southeastern slope of the tell (Fritz & Münger, 2002).[22]

In 2002, the Kinneret Regional Project (KRP) took over, continuing the work initiated by Volkmar Fritz on Tel Kinrot, as well as in the wider region around the site (Pakkala, Münger & Zangenberg, 2004). The KRP is jointly run by the Universities of Berne (Switzerland), Helsinki (Finland), Mainz (Germany) and Leiden (Netherlands), and is directed by Stefan Münger, Juha Pakkala and Jürgen Zangenberg.[22] Since 2008 excavations on Tel Kinrot have been "temporarily halted", the KRP team dealing with analysis and publication while continuing the exploration of Horvat Kur and its surroundings.[23]

See also

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Montagu, Jeremy (2002). Musical Instruments of the Bible, Scarecrow Press, p. 15.
  4. ↑ Marcus Jastrow, Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature, Peabody, Mass. 2006, p. 651 (s.v. כנרא)
  5. ↑ Jerusalem Talmud, Megillah 1:1 [2b]
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ a b Easton's Revised Bible Dictionary, "Gennesaret"
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ "Minnim (Khirbet Minya)" at carta-jerusalem.com, 15 May 2012. retrieved 18 December 2021.
  10. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ David T. Sugimoto 2015, History and Nature of Iron Age Cities in the Northeastern Sea of Galilee Region: A Preliminary Overview. ORIENT Volume 50, 2015
  13. ↑ The Physical Geography, Geology, and Meteorology of the Holyand by Henry Baker Tristram 2007 Template:ISBN page 11
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".: New King James Version
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".
  16. ↑ Matthew 14:34 in the Douay-Rheims Bible
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Lamar Williamson 1983 Mark Template:ISBN pages 129-130
  19. ↑ Aharoni, Yochanan. The Land of the Bible, A Historical Geography. The Westminster Press, Philadelphia, 1979, p. 433.
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ KRP homepage, retrieved 25 Sep 2024.

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External links

Script error: No such module "Side box".

Template:Sites of the Israelite Settlement Template:New Testament places associated with Jesus Template:Authority control

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