Paris Charter: Difference between revisions
Subheading topic - "Purpose". |
imported>Innocent Gentillet m Spelling/grammar/punctuation/typographical correction |
||
| Line 11: | Line 11: | ||
| date =19–21 November 1990 | | date =19–21 November 1990 | ||
| motto = | | motto = | ||
| venues = [[Élysée Palace|Palais de l' | | venues = [[Élysée Palace|Palais de l'Élysée]] | ||
| cities = [[Paris]] | | cities = [[Paris]] | ||
| participants = {{flagdeco|West Germany}} [[Helmut Kohl]]<br>{{flagdeco|US|1960}} [[George H. W. Bush]]<br>{{flagdeco|Austria}} [[Franz Vranitzky]]<br>{{flagdeco|Belgium}} [[Wilfried Martens]]<br>{{flagdeco|Bulgaria}} [[Georgi Atanasov (politician)|Georgi Atanasov]]<br>{{flagdeco|Canada}} [[Brian Mulroney]]<br>{{flagdeco|Cyprus|1960}} [[George Vassiliou]]<br>{{flagdeco|Denmark}} [[Poul Schlüter]]<br>{{flagdeco|Spain}} [[Felipe González]]<br>{{flagdeco|Finland}} [[Mauno Koivisto]]<br>{{flagdeco|France}} [[François Mitterrand]]<br>{{flagdeco|UK}} [[Margaret Thatcher]]<br>{{flagdeco|Greece}} [[Konstantinos Mitsotakis]]<br>{{flagdeco|Hungary}} [[József Antall]]<br>{{flagdeco|Ireland}} [[Charles Haughey]]<br>{{flagdeco|Iceland}} [[Davíð Oddsson]]<br>{{flagdeco|Italy}} [[Giulio Andreotti]]<br>{{flagdeco|Liechtenstein}} [[Hans Brunhart]]<br>{{flagdeco|Luxembourg}} [[Jacques Santer]]<br>{{flagdeco|Malta}} [[Eddie Fenech Adami]]<br>{{flagdeco|Monaco}} [[Jacques Dupont (politician)|Jacques Dupont]]<br>{{flagdeco|Norway}} [[Gro Harlem Brundtland]]<br>{{flagdeco|Netherlands}} [[Ruud Lubbers]]<br>{{flagdeco|Poland|1928}} [[Wojciech Jaruzelski]]<br>{{nowrap|{{flagdeco|Portugal}} [[ | | participants = {{flagdeco|West Germany}} [[Helmut Kohl]]<br>{{flagdeco|US|1960}} [[George H. W. Bush]]<br>{{flagdeco|Austria}} [[Franz Vranitzky]]<br>{{flagdeco|Belgium}} [[Wilfried Martens]]<br>{{flagdeco|Bulgaria}} [[Georgi Atanasov (politician)|Georgi Atanasov]]<br>{{flagdeco|Canada}} [[Brian Mulroney]]<br>{{flagdeco|Cyprus|1960}} [[George Vassiliou]]<br>{{flagdeco|Denmark}} [[Poul Schlüter]]<br>{{flagdeco|Spain}} [[Felipe González]]<br>{{flagdeco|Finland}} [[Mauno Koivisto]]<br>{{flagdeco|France}} [[François Mitterrand]]<br>{{flagdeco|UK}} [[Margaret Thatcher]]<br>{{flagdeco|Greece}} [[Konstantinos Mitsotakis]]<br>{{flagdeco|Hungary}} [[József Antall]]<br>{{flagdeco|Ireland}} [[Charles Haughey]]<br>{{flagdeco|Iceland}} [[Davíð Oddsson]]<br>{{flagdeco|Italy}} [[Giulio Andreotti]]<br>{{flagdeco|Liechtenstein}} [[Hans Brunhart]]<br>{{flagdeco|Luxembourg}} [[Jacques Santer]]<br>{{flagdeco|Malta}} [[Eddie Fenech Adami]]<br>{{flagdeco|Monaco}} [[Jacques Dupont (politician)|Jacques Dupont]]<br>{{flagdeco|Norway}} [[Gro Harlem Brundtland]]<br>{{flagdeco|Netherlands}} [[Ruud Lubbers]]<br>{{flagdeco|Poland|1928}} [[Wojciech Jaruzelski]]<br>{{nowrap|{{flagdeco|Portugal}} [[Cavaco Silva]]}}<br>{{flagdeco|Romania}} [[Ion Iliescu]]<br>{{flagdeco|San Marino|1862}} [[Cesare Gasperoni]]<br>{{flagdeco|Holy See}} [[Angelo Sodano]]<br>{{flagdeco|Sweden}} [[Ingvar Carlsson]]<br>{{flagdeco|Switzerland}} [[Arnold Koller]]<br>{{flagdeco|Czechoslovakia}} [[Václav Havel]]<br>{{flagdeco|Turkey}} [[Turgut Özal]]<br>{{flagdeco|USSR}} [[Mikhail Gorbachev]]<br>{{flagdeco|Yugoslavia}} [[Borisav Jović]] | ||
| chairperson = | | chairperson = | ||
| follows = [[Helsinki Accords]] | | follows = [[Helsinki Accords]] | ||
| Line 25: | Line 25: | ||
==Purpose== | ==Purpose== | ||
The Charter was one of many attempts to seize the opportunity of the [[Revolutions of 1989|fall of Communism]] by actively inviting the former [[Eastern Bloc]] countries into the ideological framework of the West. It has been compared to the [[Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)|Conference of Versailles]] of 1919 or the [[Congress of Vienna]] of 1815 in its grandiose ambition to reshape Europe{{Citation needed|date=February 2008}} | The Charter was one of many attempts to seize the opportunity of the [[Revolutions of 1989|fall of Communism]] by actively inviting the former [[Eastern Bloc]] countries into the ideological framework of the West. It has been compared to the [[Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)|Conference of Versailles]] of 1919 or the [[Congress of Vienna]] of 1815 in its grandiose ambition to reshape Europe.{{Citation needed|date=February 2008}} In effect, the Paris Summit was the [[peace conference]] of the [[Cold War]]: ''[[Perestroika]]'' had ultimately put an end to the ideological and political division of the [[Iron Curtain]]. Pluralist [[democracy]] and [[market economy]] were together with [[international law]] and [[multilateralism]] seen as the victors. | ||
The Charter established an ''Office for Free Elections'' (later renamed [[Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights]]) in [[Warsaw]], a ''Conflict Prevention Centre'' in Vienna, and a secretariat. Later, in 1992, a Secretary General was also appointed. It was agreed that the Foreign Ministers are to convene regularly for political consultations. | The Charter established an ''Office for Free Elections'' (later renamed [[Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights]]) in [[Warsaw]], a ''Conflict Prevention Centre'' in Vienna, and a secretariat. Later, in 1992, a Secretary General was also appointed. It was agreed that the Foreign Ministers are to convene regularly for political consultations. | ||
British Prime Minister [[Margaret Thatcher]] attended the summit while undergoing a challenge to her leadership of the country's ruling [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], and it was while in Paris that she learned she had not obtained sufficient votes in the first round of the party's [[1990 Conservative Party leadership election|leadership election]] to be declared the winner outright, necessitating a further round of voting. Thatcher later claimed that the fact she was in Paris and unable to begin immediately rallying support was one of the factors that led to her leaving the leadership election and resigning as party leader and Prime Minister after 11 years of power.<ref>{{Cite episode |title= Wielding the Knife |url= | British Prime Minister [[Margaret Thatcher]] attended the summit while undergoing a challenge to her leadership of the country's ruling [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], and it was while in Paris that she learned she had not obtained sufficient votes in the first round of the party's [[1990 Conservative Party leadership election|leadership election]] to be declared the winner outright, necessitating a further round of voting. Thatcher later claimed that the fact she was in Paris and unable to begin immediately rallying support was one of the factors that led to her leaving the leadership election and resigning as party leader and Prime Minister after 11 years of power.<ref>{{Cite episode |title= Wielding the Knife |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03bk83y |access-date= |series=Thatcher: The Downing Street Years |series-link= |first= |last= |network=[[BBC Television]] |station=[[BBC One]] |date=10 November 1993 |season= |series-no= |number= |minutes= |time= |quote= |language=}}</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[German reunification]] | * [[German reunification]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
==Further reading== | |||
* ''Road to the Charter of Paris: Historical Narratives and Lessons for the OSCE Today'', https://osce-network.net/publications/detail/the-road-to-the-charter-of-paris-historical-narratives-and-lessons-for-the-osce-today | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
| Line 44: | Line 46: | ||
[[Category:Treaties concluded in 1990]] | [[Category:Treaties concluded in 1990]] | ||
[[Category:1990 in Europe]] | [[Category:1990 in Europe]] | ||
[[Category:Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]] | [[Category:Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]] | ||
[[Category:1990 in international relations]] | [[Category:1990 in international relations]] | ||
| Line 51: | Line 52: | ||
[[Category:November 1990 in France]] | [[Category:November 1990 in France]] | ||
[[Category:Treaties signed in Paris|1990]] | [[Category:Treaties signed in Paris|1990]] | ||
{{Treaty-stub}} | |||
{{ColdWar-stub}} | |||
Latest revision as of 05:30, 4 November 2025
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "For". Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Script error: No such module "Infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
The Charter of Paris for a New Europe (also known as the Paris Charter) was adopted by a summit meeting of most European governments in addition to those of Canada, the United States and the Soviet Union, in Paris from 19–21 November 1990. The charter was established on the foundation of the Helsinki Accords and was further amended in the 1999 Charter for European Security. Together, these documents form the agreed basis for the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. However, not all OSCE member countries have signed the treaty.
Purpose
The Charter was one of many attempts to seize the opportunity of the fall of Communism by actively inviting the former Eastern Bloc countries into the ideological framework of the West. It has been compared to the Conference of Versailles of 1919 or the Congress of Vienna of 1815 in its grandiose ambition to reshape Europe.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". In effect, the Paris Summit was the peace conference of the Cold War: Perestroika had ultimately put an end to the ideological and political division of the Iron Curtain. Pluralist democracy and market economy were together with international law and multilateralism seen as the victors.
The Charter established an Office for Free Elections (later renamed Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights) in Warsaw, a Conflict Prevention Centre in Vienna, and a secretariat. Later, in 1992, a Secretary General was also appointed. It was agreed that the Foreign Ministers are to convene regularly for political consultations.
British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher attended the summit while undergoing a challenge to her leadership of the country's ruling Conservative Party, and it was while in Paris that she learned she had not obtained sufficient votes in the first round of the party's leadership election to be declared the winner outright, necessitating a further round of voting. Thatcher later claimed that the fact she was in Paris and unable to begin immediately rallying support was one of the factors that led to her leaving the leadership election and resigning as party leader and Prime Minister after 11 years of power.[1]
See also
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Further reading
- Road to the Charter of Paris: Historical Narratives and Lessons for the OSCE Today, https://osce-network.net/publications/detail/the-road-to-the-charter-of-paris-historical-narratives-and-lessons-for-the-osce-today