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[[File:NYTimesBldgByLuigiNovi2.jpg|thumb|upright|[[The New York Times Building]] in [[Midtown Manhattan]]. Some meanings of the term originated in reference to ''[[The New York Times]]''.]] | [[File:NYTimesBldgByLuigiNovi2.jpg|thumb|upright|[[The New York Times Building]] in [[Midtown Manhattan]]. Some meanings of the term originated in reference to ''[[The New York Times]]''.]] | ||
A '''newspaper of record''' is a major national [[newspaper]] with large [[newspaper circulation|circulation]] whose [[editorial]] and news-gathering functions are considered authoritative and independent; they are thus "newspapers of record by reputation" and include some of the oldest and most widely respected newspapers in the world. The number and trend of "newspapers of record by reputation" is related to the state of [[Freedom of the press|press freedom]] and [[political freedom]] in a country.<ref name= | A '''newspaper of record''' is a major national [[newspaper]] with large [[newspaper circulation|circulation]] whose [[editorial]] and news-gathering functions are considered authoritative and independent; they are thus "newspapers of record by reputation" and include some of the oldest and most widely respected newspapers in the world. The number and trend of "newspapers of record by reputation" is related to the state of [[Freedom of the press|press freedom]] and [[political freedom]] in a country.<ref name="Christopher-2009a"/><ref name="Martin-1998b"/> | ||
It may also be a newspaper authorized to publish [[Public notice|public or legal notices]], thus serving as a '''newspaper of public record'''. A newspaper whose editorial content is directed by the state can be referred to as an '''official newspaper of record''', but the lack of editorial independence means that it is not a "newspaper of record by reputation". Newspapers of record by reputation that focus on business can also be called '''newspapers of financial record'''.<ref name= | It may also be a newspaper authorized to publish [[Public notice|public or legal notices]], thus serving as a '''newspaper of public record'''. A newspaper whose editorial content is directed by the state can be referred to as an '''official newspaper of record''', but the lack of editorial independence means that it is not a "newspaper of record by reputation". Newspapers of record by reputation that focus on business can also be called '''newspapers of financial record'''.<ref name="Christopher-2009a"/><ref name="Martin-1998b">{{cite book |last1=Martin |first1=Shannon E. |url=https://archive.org/details/newspapersofreco0000mart |title=Newspapers of Record in a Digital Age: From Hot Type to Hot Link |last2=Hansen |first2=Kathleen A. |publisher=Praeger Publishers |year=1998 |isbn=0-275-95960-0 |location=Westport, CT |page=[https://archive.org/details/newspapersofreco0000mart/page/1 1] |url-access=registration}}</ref> | ||
==Newspapers of ''public'' record== | ==Newspapers of ''public'' record== | ||
[[File:Le Figaro, boulevard Haussmann.JPG|thumb|upright|Paris [[headquarters]] of {{lang|fr|[[Le Figaro]]}}, France's centre-right newspaper of record (public record and by reputation)]] | [[File:Le Figaro, boulevard Haussmann.JPG|thumb|upright|Paris [[headquarters]] of {{lang|fr|[[Le Figaro]]}}, France's centre-right newspaper of record (public record and by reputation)]] | ||
A "newspaper of public record", or [[government gazette]], refers to a publicly available newspaper that is authorized by a government to publish public or legal notices.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Martin |first1=Shannon E. |url=https://archive.org/details/newspapersofreco0000mart |title=Newspapers of Record in a Digital Age: From Hot Type to Hot Link |last2=Hansen |first2=Kathleen A. |publisher=Praeger Publishers |year=1998 |isbn=0-275-95960-0 |location=Westport, CT |page=[https://archive.org/details/newspapersofreco0000mart/page/5 5] |url-access=registration}}</ref> It is often established by [[statute]] or official action and publication of notices within it, whether by the government or a private party, is considered sufficient to comply with legal requirements for [[public notice]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/blackslawdiction0000blac_6edh1l9 |title=Black's Law Dictionary, 6th edn. |publisher=West Publishing |year=1990 |isbn=90-6544-631-1 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Such gazettes may have minimal or no editorial content (opinion articles), and are focused on public notification of state services and state decisions; an example is [[Latvia]]'s ''[[Latvijas Vēstnesis]]''.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AsJlnVU4ipoC&q=newspaper+of+record&pg=PA342|title=Nations in Transit 2004: Democratization in East Central Europe and Eurasia|last=House|first=Freedom|date=13 September 2004|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn= | A "newspaper of public record", or [[government gazette]], refers to a publicly available newspaper that is authorized by a government to publish public or legal notices.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Martin |first1=Shannon E. |url=https://archive.org/details/newspapersofreco0000mart |title=Newspapers of Record in a Digital Age: From Hot Type to Hot Link |last2=Hansen |first2=Kathleen A. |publisher=Praeger Publishers |year=1998 |isbn=0-275-95960-0 |location=Westport, CT |page=[https://archive.org/details/newspapersofreco0000mart/page/5 5] |url-access=registration}}</ref> It is often established by [[statute]] or official action and publication of notices within it, whether by the government or a private party, is considered sufficient to comply with legal requirements for [[public notice]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/blackslawdiction0000blac_6edh1l9 |title=Black's Law Dictionary, 6th edn. |publisher=West Publishing |year=1990 |isbn=90-6544-631-1 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Such gazettes may have minimal or no editorial content (opinion articles), and are focused on public notification of state services and state decisions; an example is [[Latvia]]'s ''[[Latvijas Vēstnesis]]''.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AsJlnVU4ipoC&q=newspaper+of+record&pg=PA342|title=Nations in Transit 2004: Democratization in East Central Europe and Eurasia|last=House|first=Freedom|date=13 September 2004|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-1-4617-3141-2|page=342|language=en}}</ref> | ||
In some jurisdictions, privately owned newspapers may register with the government to publish public and legal notices, or be otherwise eligible to publish such notices (terms used may include "newspaper of general circulation" among others).<ref>See, for example, L.N. 362 of 1997 of The Government of The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Gazette</ref><ref>For example, see [http://www.statutes.legis.state.tx.us/Docs/LG/htm/LG.52.htm#52.004 Texas Local Government Code - Section 52.004. Official Newspaper] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609190800/http://www.statutes.legis.state.tx.us/Docs/LG/htm/LG.52.htm#52.004 |date=9 June 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cityofmccleary.com/index.asp?SEC=%7B821D9B2C-D6B1-4D12-AB18-1A88DE86A30D%7D&Type=B_LIST|title=1.12 Official Newspaper - City of McCleary|website=cityofmccleary.com|access-date=20 July 2022|archive-date=27 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227132244/https://cityofmccleary.com/index.asp?SEC=%7B821D9B2C-D6B1-4D12-AB18-1A88DE86A30D%7D&Type=B_LIST | In some jurisdictions, privately owned newspapers may register with the government to publish public and legal notices, or be otherwise eligible to publish such notices (terms used may include "newspaper of general circulation" among others).<ref>See, for example, L.N. 362 of 1997 of The Government of The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Gazette</ref><ref>For example, see [http://www.statutes.legis.state.tx.us/Docs/LG/htm/LG.52.htm#52.004 Texas Local Government Code - Section 52.004. Official Newspaper] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609190800/http://www.statutes.legis.state.tx.us/Docs/LG/htm/LG.52.htm#52.004 |date=9 June 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cityofmccleary.com/index.asp?SEC=%7B821D9B2C-D6B1-4D12-AB18-1A88DE86A30D%7D&Type=B_LIST|title=1.12 Official Newspaper - City of McCleary|website=cityofmccleary.com|access-date=20 July 2022|archive-date=27 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227132244/https://cityofmccleary.com/index.asp?SEC=%7B821D9B2C-D6B1-4D12-AB18-1A88DE86A30D%7D&Type=B_LIST}}</ref> Likewise, a private newspaper may be designated by the [[court]]s for publication of legal notices, such as notices of [[trade name|fictitious business name]]s, if judicial and statutory standards are met.<ref>See, e.g., {{cite web |title=California Government Code, Sec. 6000 - 6008 |url=https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=GOV&division=7.&title=1.&part=&chapter=1.&article=1. |website=California Legislative Information |publisher=California State Legislature |access-date=12 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://codes.findlaw.com/ny/general-construction-law/gcn-sect-60.html|title=New York Consolidated Laws, General Construction Law - GCN § 60|website=Findlaw|access-date=25 February 2020|archive-date=25 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225172710/https://codes.findlaw.com/ny/general-construction-law/gcn-sect-60.html|url-status=live}}</ref> These are sometimes called "legally adjudicated newspapers".<ref>{{cite web|title=Fictitious Names: Adjudicated Newspapers|url=http://www.sonoma-county.org/Clerk/HTML_Documents/FictitiousNames/Newspapers.htm|work=County Clerk|publisher=[[Sonoma County, California|County of Sonoma]]|access-date=4 October 2012|archive-date=29 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029074233/http://sonoma-county.org/Clerk/HTML_Documents/FictitiousNames/Newspapers.htm}}</ref> | ||
===Government organs=== | ===Government organs=== | ||
The term "newspapers of public record" can also denote those owned and operated by a government that directs their entire editorial content. Such newspapers, while pejoratively termed "[[State media|state mouthpieces]]", can also be called "official newspapers of record", independently of whether they publish legal notices | The term "newspapers of public record" can also denote those owned and operated by a government that directs their entire editorial content. Such newspapers, while pejoratively termed "[[State media|state mouthpieces]]", can also be called "official newspapers of record", independently of whether they publish legal notices – distinguishing them from a gazette whose primary role is to publish notices, as their entire content represents the official view and doctrine of the state. This kind of official newspaper is distinct from newspapers of record by reputation, and is liable to fail the reputation criterion due to its governmental control. The word "official" can be used to distinguish them from "newspapers of record by reputation". Examples include Russia's ''[[Rossiyskaya Gazeta]]'',<ref>{{cite book |last=Zadorozhnii |first=Oleksandr |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lMokDwAAQBAJ |title=International Law in the Relations of Ukraine and the Russian Federation |date=July 2017 |publisher=K.I.S |isbn=978-617-684-146-3 |page=144 |author-link=Oleksandr Zadorozhnii}}</ref> North Korea's ''[[Rodong Sinmun]]'',<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Em |first1=Pavel P. |last2=Ward |first2=Peter |date=January 2021 |title=City profile: Is Pyongyang a post-socialist city? |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0264275120312981 |journal=[[Cities (journal)|Cities]] |volume=108 |article-number=102950 |doi=10.1016/j.cities.2020.102950 |quote=... a line that appeared in Rodong Sinmun (Rodong Sinmun, 1999, 29) the official newspaper of record in North Korea. |s2cid=225116450 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=18 February 2023 |access-date=18 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218083744/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0264275120312981 |url-status=live }}</ref> and China's ''[[People's Daily]]''.<ref>{{cite web | website=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] | access-date=10 May 2022 | first= Ryan |last=Manuel | date=14 December 2017 | title=China is furious and Australia should expect more backlash after questioning its influence | quote=Most significantly, the People's Daily, China's official newspaper of record, had a special signed editorial attacking Australia's government and media.| url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-12-14/china-backlash-australia-questions-of-political-interference/9258462}}</ref> | ||
==Newspapers of record ''by reputation''== | ==Newspapers of record ''by reputation''== | ||
[[File:NZZ Erstausgabe Titelseite.jpg|thumb|upright|First edition of ''[[Neue Zürcher Zeitung]]'' (1780), the world's oldest newspaper of record by reputation]] | [[File:NZZ Erstausgabe Titelseite.jpg|thumb|upright|First edition of ''[[Neue Zürcher Zeitung]]'' (1780), the world's oldest newspaper of record by reputation]] | ||
The second type of "newspaper of record" (also "journal of record", or in French ''{{lang|fr|presse de référence}}'') is not defined by formal criteria, and its characteristics vary. The category comprises newspapers that are considered to meet high [[Journalism ethics and standards|standards of journalism]], including editorial independence (particularly from the government and from its owners), accountability (mistakes are acknowledged), attention to detail and accuracy, and comprehensiveness and balance of coverage;<ref name=" | The second type of "newspaper of record" (also "journal of record", or in French ''{{lang|fr|presse de référence}}'') is not defined by formal criteria, and its characteristics vary. The category comprises newspapers that are considered to meet high [[Journalism ethics and standards|standards of journalism]], including editorial independence (particularly from the government and from its owners), accountability (mistakes are acknowledged), attention to detail and accuracy, and comprehensiveness and balance of coverage;<ref name="Caulfield-2017"/> they are regarded internationally (as well as in their own country/region) by major global outlets.<ref name="Salles-2010">{{cite journal|last=Salles|first=Chloë|title=Media Coverage of the Internet: An Acculturation Strategy for Press of Record?|journal=Innovation Journalism|date=January 2010|volume=7|issue=1|page=5|url=http://www.innovationjournalism.org/archive/INJO-7-1.pdf|access-date=13 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192414/http://www.innovationjournalism.org/archive/INJO-7-1.pdf|archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Martin |first1=Shannon |url=https://archive.org/details/newspapersofreco0000mart/page/6 |title=Newspapers of Record in a Digital Age: From Hot Type to Hot Link |last2=Hansen |first2=Kathleen A. |publisher=Praeger Publishers |year=1998 |isbn=0-275-95960-0 |location=Westport, CT |pages=[https://archive.org/details/newspapersofreco0000mart/page/6 6, 27, 31]}}</ref> | ||
Despite changes in society, newspapers of record by reputation have historically tended to maintain a similar tone, coverage, style, and traditions; many are over a century old and some over two centuries old (e.g., ''[[Neue Zürcher Zeitung]]'', ''[[The Times]]'', ''[[The Guardian]]'', {{lang|fr|[[Le Figaro]]}}, and ''[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]'').<ref name="Salles"/> Newspapers of record by reputation can be respected for the accuracy and quality of their reporting and still be either ideologically conservative (e.g., ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' and ''[[The Telegraph (newspaper)|The Telegraph]]'') or ideologically liberal (e.g., ''[[The Washington Post]]'' and ''[[The Guardian]]'').<ref name=" | Despite changes in society, newspapers of record by reputation have historically tended to maintain a similar tone, coverage, style, and traditions; many are over a century old and some over two centuries old (e.g., ''[[Neue Zürcher Zeitung]]'', ''[[The Times]]'', ''[[The Guardian]]'', {{lang|fr|[[Le Figaro]]}}, and ''[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]'').<ref name="Salles-2010"/> Newspapers of record by reputation can be respected for the accuracy and quality of their reporting and still be either ideologically conservative (e.g., ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' and ''[[The Telegraph (newspaper)|The Telegraph]]'') or ideologically liberal (e.g., ''[[The Washington Post]]'' and ''[[The Guardian]]'').<ref name="Maureen Okun-2017"/> | ||
Although many countries are proud of their newspapers of record by reputation, in some countries they face an openly hostile state or political system that tries to suppress their press freedoms. Examples | Although many countries are proud of their newspapers of record by reputation, in some countries they face an openly hostile state or political system that tries to suppress their press freedoms. Examples include Turkey's ''[[Cumhuriyet]]'', where many of the staff have been imprisoned;<ref name="Shaheen-2017"/> Panama's ''[[La Prensa (Panama City)|La Prensa]]'', where staff have been shot and the owners forced into exile;<ref name="Columbia University Record-1995"/> and Venezuela's ''[[El Nacional (Venezuela)|El Nacional]]'',<ref name="Johnston-2003"/> which was forced out of print when the state seized its assets (see [[#Examples of fallen newspapers|examples of fallen newspapers of record]]).<ref name="Vargas-2018"/> | ||
===Etymology=== | ===Etymology=== | ||
The term is believed to have originated among librarians who began referring to ''[[The New York Times]]'' as the "newspaper of record" when it became the first U.S. newspaper in 1913 to publish an index of the subjects it covered.<ref name=" | The term is believed to have originated among librarians who began referring to ''[[The New York Times]]'' as the "newspaper of record" when it became the first U.S. newspaper in 1913 to publish an index of the subjects it covered.<ref name="Maureen Okun-2017"/><ref name="Martin-1998a">{{cite book |last1=Martin |first1=Shannon E. |url=https://archive.org/details/newspapersofreco0000mart |title=Newspapers of Record in a Digital Age: From Hot Type to Hot Link |last2=Hansen |first2=Kathleen A. |publisher=Praeger Publishers |year=1998 |isbn=0-275-95960-0 |location=Westport, CT |page=[https://archive.org/details/newspapersofreco0000mart/page/7 7] |url-access=registration}}</ref> In recognition of that usage, ''The New York Times'' held an essay contest in 1927 in which entrants had to demonstrate "The Value of ''The New York Times'' Index and Files as a Newspaper of Record". ''The New York Times'', and other newspapers of its type sought to chronicle events, acting as a record of the day's announcements, schedules, directories, proceedings, transcripts, and appointments. By 2004, ''The New York Times'' no longer considered itself a newspaper of record in the original, literal sense.<ref>{{cite news |last=Okrent|first=Daniel |date=25 April 2004 |title=Paper of Record? No Way, No Reason, No Thanks |department=The Public Editor |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/25/weekinreview/the-public-editor-paper-of-record-no-way-no-reason-no-thanks.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=18 April 2013}}</ref> | ||
Over time, historians relied on ''The New York Times'' and similar titles as a reliable archival and historical record of significant past events, and a gauge of societal opinions at the time of printing. The term "newspaper of record" evolved from its original literal sense to that newer meaning.<ref name="Martin | Over time, historians relied on ''The New York Times'' and similar titles as a reliable archival and historical record of significant past events, and a gauge of societal opinions at the time of printing. The term "newspaper of record" evolved from its original literal sense to that newer meaning.<ref name="Martin-1998a"/> | ||
The derived term "financial (or business) newspaper of record" is attributed to ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'',<ref>{{cite web | website=[[Georgetown University Library]] | title=Newspapers | access-date=7 May 2022 | url=https://guides.library.georgetown.edu/c.php?g=76038&p=488969 | quote=The Wall Street Journal is the financial newspaper of record | archive-date=28 November 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128163003/https://guides.library.georgetown.edu/c.php?g=76038&p=488969 | The derived term "financial (or business) newspaper of record" is attributed to ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'',<ref>{{cite web | website=[[Georgetown University Library]] | title=Newspapers | access-date=7 May 2022 | url=https://guides.library.georgetown.edu/c.php?g=76038&p=488969 | quote=The Wall Street Journal is the financial newspaper of record | archive-date=28 November 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128163003/https://guides.library.georgetown.edu/c.php?g=76038&p=488969 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Roush |first=Chris |url=https://archive.org/details/profitslossesbus0000rous |title=Profits and Losses: Business Journalism and Its Role in Society |date=2006 |publisher=Marion Street Press |isbn=978-1-933338-05-7 |author-link=Chris Roush |url-access=registration}}</ref> the ''[[Financial Times]]'',<ref name="Brooks-2014">{{cite book |last=Brooks |first=Richard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4iA6ngEACAAJ |title=The Great Tax Robbery: How Britain Became a Tax Haven for Fat Cats and Big Business |date=2014 |publisher=[[Oneworld Publications]] |isbn=978-1-78074-371-4 |author-link=Richard Brooks (journalist)}}</ref> and to the ''[[Nihon Keizai Shimbun|Nihon Keizai Shimbun (Nikkei)]]''.<ref name="Culpepper-2011"/> While newspapers of record by reputation are typically major widely-read national (and international) publications, subject-specific newspapers of record also exist (see [[#Examples of existing newspapers (subject-specific)|examples of subject-specific newspapers of record]]). | ||
===Examples of existing newspapers=== | ===Examples of existing newspapers=== | ||
| Line 52: | Line 52: | ||
| 1870 | | 1870 | ||
| Spanish | | Spanish | ||
|<ref name=" | |<ref name="Johnston-2003" /><ref>{{cite interview |last=Vigón |first=Mercedes |interviewer=[[International Press Institute]] |title=Journalism ethics is 'personal and non-transferable' |url=https://ipi.media/interview-journalism-ethics-is-personal-and-non-transferable/ |date=12 July 2013 |access-date=10 April 2019 |quote=In spite of the readership crisis in the United States, The New York Times is a newspaper of record in many countries, as is Le Monde in France or La Nación in Argentina. |archive-date=27 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127091213/https://ipi.media/interview-journalism-ethics-is-personal-and-non-transferable/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Beezley |first=William H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8zlPEAAAQBAJ |title=Latin America 2020-2022 |date=September 2021 |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-1-4758-5643-9 |edition=54th |page=154 |quote=The country's newspaper of record is ''La Nación''.}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Australia}} Australia | | rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Australia}} Australia | ||
| Line 61: | Line 61: | ||
|1854 | |1854 | ||
| rowspan="2" |English | | rowspan="2" |English | ||
|<ref name=" | |<ref name="Caulfield-2017" /><ref name="Maureen Okun-2017" /> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{sort|Sydney Morning Herald, The|[[File:Sydney Morning Herald logo.svg|150px|alt=The Sydney Morning Herald logo]]}} | | {{sort|Sydney Morning Herald, The|[[File:Sydney Morning Herald logo.svg|150px|alt=The Sydney Morning Herald logo]]}} | ||
| Line 67: | Line 67: | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Sydney]] | | style="text-align:left;" | [[Sydney]] | ||
| 1831 | | 1831 | ||
|<ref>{{cite news|title=What We're Reading|url=http://dinersjournal.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/10/14/what-were-reading-290/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0|access-date=6 May 2014|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=14 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218205653/http://dinersjournal.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/10/14/what-were-reading-290/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0|url-status=live|archive-date=18 February 2015}}</ref><ref name=" | |<ref>{{cite news|title=What We're Reading|url=http://dinersjournal.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/10/14/what-were-reading-290/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0|access-date=6 May 2014|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=14 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218205653/http://dinersjournal.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/10/14/what-were-reading-290/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0|url-status=live|archive-date=18 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="Caulfield-2017" /><ref name="Maureen Okun-2017" /> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Austria}} Austria | | rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Austria}} Austria | ||
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | | | rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | Central Europe | ||
| {{sort|Presse, Die|[[File:Die Presse logo.svg|150px|alt=Die Presse logo]]}} | | {{sort|Presse, Die|[[File:Die Presse logo.svg|150px|alt=Die Presse logo]]}} | ||
| ''[[Die Presse]]'' | | ''[[Die Presse]]'' | ||
| Line 81: | Line 81: | ||
| ''[[Der Standard]]'' | | ''[[Der Standard]]'' | ||
| 1988 | | 1988 | ||
|<ref>{{cite book |last1=Markovits |first1=Andrei S. |author-link1=Andrei Markovits |last2=Reich |first2=Simon |author-link2=Simon Reich |date=18 October 2018 |orig- | |<ref>{{cite book |last1=Markovits |first1=Andrei S. |author-link1=Andrei Markovits |last2=Reich |first2=Simon |author-link2=Simon Reich |date=18 October 2018 |orig-date=1997 |chapter=Austria: Germany's Junior Partner |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DSZzDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA101 |title=The German Predicament: Memory and Power in the New Europe |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DSZzDwAAQBAJ&pg=cover |publication-place=Ithaca, NY |publisher=Cornell University Press |page=102 |doi=10.7591/9781501732898 |isbn=978-1-5017-3289-8 |lccn=96042943 |access-date=25 October 2023}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Bahamas}} Bahamas | | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Bahamas}} Bahamas | ||
| Line 90: | Line 90: | ||
| 1844 | | 1844 | ||
| English | | English | ||
|<ref>{{cite book |last1=Beezley |first1=William H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8zlPEAAAQBAJ |title=Latin America 2020-2022 |date=September 2021 |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978- | |<ref>{{cite book |last1=Beezley |first1=William H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8zlPEAAAQBAJ |title=Latin America 2020-2022 |date=September 2021 |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-1-4758-5643-9 |edition=54th |page=433 |quote=The Nassau Guardian, founded in 1844, is the country's newspaper of record and one of the oldest continuously published newspapers in the Western Hemisphere.}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Bangladesh}} Bangladesh | | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Bangladesh}} Bangladesh | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | South Asia | | style="text-align:left;" | South Asia | ||
|[[File:Logo of The Daily Star.svg|frameless|125x125px]] | |||
| | | [[The Daily Star]] | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Dhaka]] | | style="text-align:left;" | [[Dhaka]] | ||
| | | 2004 | ||
| English | | English | ||
|<ref>{{cite book |last=Roy |first=Anupam Debashis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V6fcDwAAQBAJ |title=Not All Springs End Winter |date=January 2020 |publisher=Adarsha |page=144 |asin=B097ZL8NFW |quote=Reports on the demands of the students that were published on the Daily Star, often considered Bangladesh's newspaper of record, ....}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Sklair |first=Leslie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=whMHEAAAQBAJ |title=The Anthropocene in Global Media: Neutralizing the Risk |date=November 2020 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978- | |<ref>{{cite book |last=Roy |first=Anupam Debashis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V6fcDwAAQBAJ |title=Not All Springs End Winter |date=January 2020 |publisher=Adarsha |page=144 |asin=B097ZL8NFW |quote=Reports on the demands of the students that were published on the Daily Star, often considered Bangladesh's newspaper of record, ....}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Sklair |first=Leslie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=whMHEAAAQBAJ |title=The Anthropocene in Global Media: Neutralizing the Risk |date=November 2020 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-000-26376-3 |page=126 |quote=Bangladesh: The first and most articles (19) appear in The Daily Star, often considered the newspaper of record.}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Belgium}} Belgium | | rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Belgium}} Belgium | ||
| Line 108: | Line 108: | ||
|1887 | |1887 | ||
|French | |French | ||
|<ref>{{cite book |last=Toussaint |first=Éric |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QL0cAwAAQBAJ |title=A Glance in the Rearview Mirror: Neoliberal Ideology from its Origins to its Present |date=July 2012 |publisher=[[Haymarket Books]] |isbn= | |<ref>{{cite book |last=Toussaint |first=Éric |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QL0cAwAAQBAJ |title=A Glance in the Rearview Mirror: Neoliberal Ideology from its Origins to its Present |date=July 2012 |publisher=[[Haymarket Books]] |isbn=978-1-60846-284-1 |quote=... Bruno Colmant, head of the Brussels stock exchange and professor of economics, published an oped in Le Soir, the Frenchlanguage daily newspaper of record, stating that ... |author-link=Éric Toussaint}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{sort|Standaard, De|[[File:De Standaard | | {{sort|Standaard, De|[[File:Logo De Standaard.png|150px|alt=De Standaard]]}} | ||
| ''[[De Standaard]]'' | | ''[[De Standaard]]'' | ||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Groot-Bijgaarden]] | | style="text-align:left;" |[[Groot-Bijgaarden]] | ||
| 1918 | | 1918 | ||
| Dutch | | Dutch | ||
|<ref>{{cite book |last=Art |first=David |url=https://archive.org/details/insideradicalrig0000artd |title=Inside the Radical Right: The Development of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe |date=May 2011 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978- | |<ref>{{cite book |last=Art |first=David |url=https://archive.org/details/insideradicalrig0000artd |title=Inside the Radical Right: The Development of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe |date=May 2011 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-72032-8 |page=112 |quote=For example, the Flemish newspaper of record, De Standaard, published an ... |url-access=registration}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Bolivia}} Bolivia | | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Bolivia}} Bolivia | ||
| Line 133: | Line 133: | ||
| 1875 | | 1875 | ||
| rowspan="3" | Portuguese | | rowspan="3" | Portuguese | ||
|<ref>{{cite journal |last=Robinson |first=Laura |date=July 2022 |title=Institutional trauma across the Americas: Covid-19 as slow crisis |journal=International Journal of Cultural Studies |location=London |publisher=Sage Publishing |volume=25 |issue=3–4 |pages=462–478 |doi=10.1177/13678779211070019 |doi-access=free |issn=1367-8779 |oclc=42449276 |pmc=9127627 |pmid=37519845 |quote=the leading national right-of-center newspaper of record, Estadão |quote-page=467}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Fabricio|first=Roberto|title=Brazilian Officers Issue Manifesto|url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1992-04-16/news/9202030325_1_brazilian-officers-military-family-president-fernando-collor|access-date=10 October 2013|work=Sun-Sentinel|date=16 April 1992|quote=The statement, published on Tuesday by O Estado de Sao Paulo, Brazil's newspaper of record, was datelined in Fortaleza, a mid-sized city in northeastern Brazil.|archive-date=18 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218223740/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1992-04-16/news/9202030325_1_brazilian-officers-military-family-president-fernando-collor | |<ref>{{cite journal |last=Robinson |first=Laura |date=July 2022 |title=Institutional trauma across the Americas: Covid-19 as slow crisis |journal=International Journal of Cultural Studies |location=London |publisher=Sage Publishing |volume=25 |issue=3–4 |pages=462–478 |doi=10.1177/13678779211070019 |doi-access=free |issn=1367-8779 |oclc=42449276 |pmc=9127627 |pmid=37519845 |quote=the leading national right-of-center newspaper of record, Estadão |quote-page=467}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Fabricio|first=Roberto|title=Brazilian Officers Issue Manifesto|url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1992-04-16/news/9202030325_1_brazilian-officers-military-family-president-fernando-collor|access-date=10 October 2013|work=Sun-Sentinel|date=16 April 1992|quote=The statement, published on Tuesday by O Estado de Sao Paulo, Brazil's newspaper of record, was datelined in Fortaleza, a mid-sized city in northeastern Brazil.|archive-date=18 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218223740/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1992-04-16/news/9202030325_1_brazilian-officers-military-family-president-fernando-collor}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{sort|Folha de S.Paulo|[[File:Folha de S. Paulo.svg|150px|alt=Folha de S.Paulo]]}} | | {{sort|Folha de S.Paulo|[[File:Folha de S. Paulo.svg|150px|alt=Folha de S.Paulo]]}} | ||
| ''[[Folha de S.Paulo]]'' | | ''[[Folha de S.Paulo]]'' | ||
| 1921 | | 1921 | ||
|<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carter |first1=Cynthia |url=https://archive.org/details/routledgecompani0000unse_f9c1 |title=The Routledge Companion to Media & Gender |last2=Steiner |first2=Linda |last3=McLaughlin |first3=Lisa |date=December 2013 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978- | |<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carter |first1=Cynthia |url=https://archive.org/details/routledgecompani0000unse_f9c1 |title=The Routledge Companion to Media & Gender |last2=Steiner |first2=Linda |last3=McLaughlin |first3=Lisa |date=December 2013 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0-415-52769-9 |page=435 |quote=The daily Folha de São Paulo is Brazil's newspaper of record |author-link1=Cynthia Carter |author-link2=Linda Steiner |url-access=registration}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{sort|Globo, O|[[File:O Globo.svg|150px|alt=O Globo]]}} | | {{sort|Globo, O|[[File:O Globo 2025.svg|150px|alt=O Globo]]}} | ||
| ''[[O Globo]]'' | | ''[[O Globo]]'' | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Rio de Janeiro]] | | style="text-align:left;" | [[Rio de Janeiro]] | ||
| 1925 | | 1925 | ||
|<ref name=" | |<ref name="Johnston-2003" /> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Canada}} Canada | | rowspan="3" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Canada}} Canada | ||
| Line 153: | Line 153: | ||
| 1910 | | 1910 | ||
| rowspan="2" |French | | rowspan="2" |French | ||
|<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Charron |first1=Jean |last2=Bastien |first2=Frédérick |date=2012-01-27 |title=Les parlementaires québécois et Le Devoir dans le monde des médias |url=https://journals.openedition.org/communication/2784 |journal=Communication |language=fr |volume=29 |issue=2 |doi=10.4000/communication.2784 |issn=1189-3788|doi-access=free }}</ref> | |<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Charron |first1=Jean |last2=Bastien |first2=Frédérick |date=2012-01-27 |title=Les parlementaires québécois et Le Devoir dans le monde des médias |url=https://journals.openedition.org/communication/2784 |journal=Communication |language=fr |volume=29 |issue=2 |doi=10.4000/communication.2784 |issn=1189-3788 |doi-access=free |archive-date=22 June 2023 |access-date=22 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622054020/https://journals.openedition.org/communication/2784 |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{sort|Presse, La|[[File:La Presse Canadian newspaper.svg|150px|alt=La Presse]]}} | | {{sort|Presse, La|[[File:La Presse Canadian newspaper.svg|150px|alt=La Presse]]}} | ||
| ''[[La Presse]]'' | | ''[[La Presse]]'' | ||
| 1884 | | 1884 | ||
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.macleans.ca/2008/08/25/wheres-mario/#more-5664|title=Where's Mario|date=25 August 2008|work=[[Maclean's]]|access-date=17 January 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/story/2008/10/10/f-electionquebecvoices.html |title=Endorsements, opinions flourish in Quebec |date=10 October 2008|work=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|cbc.ca]]|access-date=17 January 2010}}</ref> | |<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.macleans.ca/2008/08/25/wheres-mario/#more-5664|title=Where's Mario|date=25 August 2008|work=[[Maclean's]]|access-date=17 January 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/story/2008/10/10/f-electionquebecvoices.html|title=Endorsements, opinions flourish in Quebec|date=10 October 2008|work=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|cbc.ca]]|access-date=17 January 2010|archive-date=25 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925100349/https://www.cbc.ca/news/story/2008/10/10/f-electionquebecvoices.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{sort|Globe and Mail, The|[[File:The Globe and Mail (2019-10-31).svg|150px|alt=The Globe and Mail]]}} | | {{sort|Globe and Mail, The|[[File:The Globe and Mail (2019-10-31).svg|150px|alt=The Globe and Mail]]}} | ||
| Line 165: | Line 165: | ||
| 1844{{efn|Successor to ''The Globe'' (founded 1844), ''The Toronto Mail'' (1872) and ''Toronto Empire'' (1887); papers merged in 1895 and 1936.}} | | 1844{{efn|Successor to ''The Globe'' (founded 1844), ''The Toronto Mail'' (1872) and ''Toronto Empire'' (1887); papers merged in 1895 and 1936.}} | ||
| English | | English | ||
|<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=The Globe and Mail |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/235427/The-Globe-and-Mail |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|date=5 February 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Buchanan |first=Carrie |date=March 2009 |editor1-last=Gasher |editor1-first=Mike |title=Sense of Place in the Daily Newspaper |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254334817 |journal=Aether: The Journal of Media Geography |volume=4 |pages=62–84 [70] |quote=[T]he Toronto-based Globe and Mail has had the kind of success in Canada that the New York Times had enjoyed in the U.S., as the leading 'newspaper of record' with a national readership.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Jiwani |first=Yasmin |author-link=Yasmin Jiwani |year=2009 |title=Helpless Maidens and Chivalrous Knights: Afghan Women in the Canadian Press |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250195731 |journal=[[University of Toronto Quarterly]] |series=2 |volume=78 |issue=2 |pages=728–744 |doi=10.3138/utq.78.2.728 |s2cid=153558457 |quote=This essay interrogates representations of Afghan women in the Globe and Mail, Canada's major English-language daily and newspaper of record.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Networked Disease: Emerging Infections in the Global City|year=2011|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978- | |<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=The Globe and Mail |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/235427/The-Globe-and-Mail |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |date=5 February 2024 |access-date=23 June 2022 |archive-date=8 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108052024/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/235427/The-Globe-and-Mail |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Buchanan |first=Carrie |date=March 2009 |editor1-last=Gasher |editor1-first=Mike |title=Sense of Place in the Daily Newspaper |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254334817 |journal=Aether: The Journal of Media Geography |volume=4 |pages=62–84 [70] |quote=[T]he Toronto-based Globe and Mail has had the kind of success in Canada that the New York Times had enjoyed in the U.S., as the leading 'newspaper of record' with a national readership.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Jiwani |first=Yasmin |author-link=Yasmin Jiwani |year=2009 |title=Helpless Maidens and Chivalrous Knights: Afghan Women in the Canadian Press |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250195731 |journal=[[University of Toronto Quarterly]] |series=2 |volume=78 |issue=2 |pages=728–744 |doi=10.3138/utq.78.2.728 |s2cid=153558457 |quote=This essay interrogates representations of Afghan women in the Globe and Mail, Canada's major English-language daily and newspaper of record.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Networked Disease: Emerging Infections in the Global City|year=2011|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-4443-9911-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wBaoTS2ks-gC&q=%22globe+and+mail%22+%22newspaper+of+record%22&pg=PT112|first1=Roger |last1=Keil |author2=S. Harris Ali |access-date=14 October 2012}}</ref><ref name="Maureen Okun-2017" /> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Chile}} Chile | | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Chile}} Chile | ||
| Line 174: | Line 174: | ||
| 1900{{efn|Spun off from ''[[El Mercurio de Valparaíso]]'' (founded 1827).}} | | 1900{{efn|Spun off from ''[[El Mercurio de Valparaíso]]'' (founded 1827).}} | ||
| Spanish | | Spanish | ||
|<ref name=" | |<ref name="Johnston-2003" /><ref name="Raicheva-Stover-2014">{{cite book |last1=Raicheva-Stover |first1=Maria |url=https://archive.org/details/womeninpoliticsm0000unse |title=Women in Politics and Media: Perspectives from Nations in Transition |last2=Ibroscheva |first2=Elza |date=2014 |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Academic]] |isbn=978-1-5013-1898-6 |page=137 |quote=Germany's FAZ [Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung] and Chile's El Mercurio are each nation's newspaper of record. |url-access=registration}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Colombia}} Colombia | | rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Colombia}} Colombia | ||
| Line 183: | Line 183: | ||
|1911 | |1911 | ||
|Spanish | |Spanish | ||
|<ref name=" | |<ref name="Johnston-2003" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Rathbone |first=John Paul |date=3 June 2013 |title=The history and politics of Colombian media |url=https://www.ft.com/content/621bcdfc-9de5-11e2-9ccc-00144feabdc0 |access-date=6 May 2022 |work=[[Financial Times]] |quote=Luis Carlos Sarmiento, who has a $14bn fortune, according to Forbes, in 2012 bought El Tiempo, Colombia's largest-circulation daily and the newspaper of record. |archive-date=25 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125165337/https://www.ft.com/content/621bcdfc-9de5-11e2-9ccc-00144feabdc0 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=9 March 2001 |title=Terror of the Black Hand (Part 1) |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/terror-of-the-black-hand-part-1-1.292276 |access-date=6 May 2022 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |quote=On January 19th in Bogota, the city section of El Tiempo, Colombia's newspaper of record, ran a report which sent shivers through most urban readers. |archive-date=14 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314232911/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/terror-of-the-black-hand-part-1-1.292276 |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{sort|Tiempo, El|[[File:El-Espectador-logo-2024.svg|170px|alt=El Espectador]]}} | | {{sort|Tiempo, El|[[File:El-Espectador-logo-2024.svg|170px|alt=El Espectador]]}} | ||
| ''[[El Espectador]]'' | | ''[[El Espectador]]'' | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Bogotá]] | | style="text-align:left;" | [[Bogotá]] | ||
| 1887<ref>{{Cite web |title=Así nació El Espectador |url=https://www.elespectador.com/colombia/mas-regiones/asi-nacio-el-espectador-article-653951/}}</ref> | | 1887<ref>{{Cite web |title=Así nació El Espectador |url=https://www.elespectador.com/colombia/mas-regiones/asi-nacio-el-espectador-article-653951/ |access-date=25 July 2024 |archive-date=25 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725044915/https://www.elespectador.com/colombia/mas-regiones/asi-nacio-el-espectador-article-653951/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
| Spanish | | Spanish | ||
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=134 years of defending freedom of expression |date=11 June 2021 |url=https://corporate.dw.com/en/134-years-of-defending-freedom-of-expression/a-57847120 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725043859/https://corporate.dw.com/en/134-years-of-defending-freedom-of-expression/a-57847120 |archive-date=2024-07-25 | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=134 years of defending freedom of expression |date=11 June 2021 |url=https://corporate.dw.com/en/134-years-of-defending-freedom-of-expression/a-57847120 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725043859/https://corporate.dw.com/en/134-years-of-defending-freedom-of-expression/a-57847120 |archive-date=2024-07-25 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Journalists in the Front Lines Of Colombia's Cocaine War |website=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/09/14/world/journalists-in-the-front-lines-of-colombia-s-cocaine-war.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513154645/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/09/14/world/journalists-in-the-front-lines-of-colombia-s-cocaine-war.html |archive-date=2024-05-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Mort de Gabriel Garcia Marquez, légende de la littérature |website=[[Le Monde]] |date=17 April 2014 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2014/04/17/l-ecrivain-gabriel-garcia-marquez-est-mort_4401388_3382.html |archive-date=14 June 2024 |access-date=25 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240614123152/https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2014/04/17/l-ecrivain-gabriel-garcia-marquez-est-mort_4401388_3382.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Costa Rica}} Costa Rica | | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Costa Rica}} Costa Rica | ||
| Line 202: | Line 202: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Czech Republic}} Czech Republic | | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Czech Republic}} Czech Republic | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | | | style="text-align:left;" | Central Europe | ||
|{{sort|Lidové noviny|[[File:Lidové-noviny-Logo.svg|150px|alt=Lidové noviny]]}} | |{{sort|Lidové noviny|[[File:Lidové-noviny-Logo.svg|150px|alt=Lidové noviny]]}} | ||
|''[[Lidové noviny]]'' | |''[[Lidové noviny]]'' | ||
| Line 208: | Line 208: | ||
|1893 | |1893 | ||
|Czech | |Czech | ||
|<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bermel |first=Neil |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110197662/html?lang=en |title=Linguistic Authority, Language Ideology, and Metaphor: The Czech Orthography Wars |date=2007 |publisher=[[De Gruyter]] |isbn=978-3-11-019766-2 |series=Language, Power and Social Process |volume=17 |location=Berlin | | |<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bermel |first=Neil |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110197662/html?lang=en |title=Linguistic Authority, Language Ideology, and Metaphor: The Czech Orthography Wars |date=2007 |publisher=[[De Gruyter]] |isbn=978-3-11-019766-2 |series=Language, Power and Social Process |volume=17 |location=Berlin |page=175 |doi=10.1515/9783110197662 |language=en |oclc=290492567 |quote=Lidové noviny is traditionally held to be the Czech Republic's paper of record. |archive-date=18 February 2023 |access-date=18 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218094428/https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110197662/html?lang=en |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Denmark}} Denmark | | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Denmark}} Denmark | ||
| Line 217: | Line 217: | ||
|1749{{efn|Named ''Berlingske Tidende'' until 2011.}} | |1749{{efn|Named ''Berlingske Tidende'' until 2011.}} | ||
|Danish | |Danish | ||
|<ref name= | |<ref name="Ahari"/><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Berlingske|title=Berlingske|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=2 October 2022|quote="... generally regarded as Denmark's leading paper."|archive-date=2 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002113715/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Berlingske|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | newspaper=[[The Guardian]] | url=https://www.theguardian.com/food/2020/feb/28/what-noma-did-next-new-nordic-food-rene-redzepi-claus-meyer-locavore-foraging | title=What Noma did next: how the 'New Nordic' is reshaping the food world | first=Kieran | last=Morris | date=20 February 2020 | access-date=2 October 2022 | quote=At the time, Camilla Plum, a Danish food writer and TV personality, was quoted in Denmark's newspaper of record, Berlingske, lambasting the manifesto's toothlessness. | archive-date=20 August 2023 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20230820193208/https://www.theguardian.com/food/2020/feb/28/what-noma-did-next-new-nordic-food-rene-redzepi-claus-meyer-locavore-foraging | url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Dominican Republic}} Dominican Republic | | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Dominican Republic}} Dominican Republic | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | North America | | style="text-align:left;" | North America | ||
| {{sort|Listín Diario|[[File:Listindiariologo.png|150px|alt=Listín Diario logo]]}} | | {{sort|Listín Diario|[[File:Listindiariologo.png|150px|alt=Listín Diario logo]]}} | ||
| ''[[ | | ''[[Listín Diario]]'' | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Santo Domingo]] | | style="text-align:left;" | [[Santo Domingo]] | ||
| 1889 | | 1889 | ||
| Spanish | | Spanish | ||
| <ref>{{harvnb|Buckman|2007|p=[https://archive.org/details/greenwoodencyclo0002unse_v5p9/page/234 234]}}: "The dean of Dominican newspapers is ''Listín Diario'', founded in 1889 and still the most-read newspaper in the country, with a reported circulation of 88,000."</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Roorda |first=Eric Paul |year=2016 |title=Historical Dictionary of the Dominican Republic |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AozPCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA188 |location=[[Lanham, Maryland]]| publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |page=188 |isbn= | | <ref>{{harvnb|Buckman|2007|p=[https://archive.org/details/greenwoodencyclo0002unse_v5p9/page/234 234]}}: "The dean of Dominican newspapers is ''Listín Diario'', founded in 1889 and still the most-read newspaper in the country, with a reported circulation of 88,000."</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Roorda |first=Eric Paul |year=2016 |title=Historical Dictionary of the Dominican Republic |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AozPCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA188 |location=[[Lanham, Maryland]] |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |page=188 |isbn=978-0-8108-7906-5 |access-date=4 February 2025 |quote=''Listín Diario'' resumed publication and quickly reclaimed its position as the newspaper of record in the republic. |archive-date=9 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250409192415/https://books.google.com/books?id=AozPCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA188 |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Ecuador}} Ecuador | | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Ecuador}} Ecuador | ||
| Line 235: | Line 235: | ||
| 1921 | | 1921 | ||
| Spanish | | Spanish | ||
| <ref name=" | | <ref name="Johnston-2003"/><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Pozo Vélez |first1=Homero |last2=Knapp |first2=Gregory |year=2003 |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Ecuador/Media-and-publishing|title=Media and publishing in Ecuador |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=9 February 2025 |quote=''El Comercio'' ("Commerce"), published in Quito, is perhaps the country's most prestigious newspaper; it provides detailed, serious coverage of political, economic, environmental, and cultural news, together with commentary by a number of well-known columnists.}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Buckman|2007|p=[https://archive.org/details/greenwoodencyclo0002unse_v5p9/page/222 222]}}: "Some elite dailies are over a century old and have established global reputations for journalistic excellence. Some of the more venerable are ''La Prensa'' (1869) and ''La Nación'' (1870) of Buenos Aires, Argentina; ''O Estado de São Paulo'' (1875) of São Paulo, Brazil; ''Jornal do Brasil'' (1891) and ''O Globo'' (1925) of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; ''Listín Diario'' (1889) of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic; ''El Mercurio'' (1900) of Santiago, Chile; ''El Comercio'' (1839) of Lima, Peru; ''El Universal'' (1916) and ''Excélsior'' (1936) of Mexico City; ''El Tiempo'' (1911) of Bogotá, Colombia; ''El Universal'' (1909) and ''El Nacional'' (1943) of Caracas, Venezuela; ''El Telégrafo'' (1884) of Guayaquil and ''El Comercio'' (1921) of Quito, Ecuador; ''El Diario'' (1904) of La Paz, Bolivia; and ''La Prensa Libre'' (1889) and ''La Nación'' (1946) of San José, Costa Rica."</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Egypt}} Egypt | | rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Egypt}} Egypt | ||
| Line 244: | Line 244: | ||
|1875 | |1875 | ||
| rowspan="2" | Arabic | | rowspan="2" | Arabic | ||
|<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fleet |first1=Kate |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k9C3uQEACAAJ |title=Middle Eastern and North African Societies in the Interwar Period |last2=Boyar |first2=Ebru |date=July 2018 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |isbn=978- | |<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fleet |first1=Kate |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k9C3uQEACAAJ |title=Middle Eastern and North African Societies in the Interwar Period |last2=Boyar |first2=Ebru |date=July 2018 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |isbn=978-90-04-36714-2 |page=152 |quote=Their relations were destined to end abruptly shortly thereafter, but as long as they lasted the report on their marriage along with their photos were featured on the front page of al-Ahram, Egypt's newspaper of record.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Perreault|first=Gregory|title=Islam is Everywhere": Coverage of Islam in the English Egyptian Press|journal=Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly|year=2011|page=14|url=http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/5/1/8/6/5/pages518657/p518657-14.php|access-date=10 October 2013|quote=This is significant because the state-run Al Ahram is considered the paper of record in Egypt|archive-date=18 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218203218/http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/5/1/8/6/5/pages518657/p518657-14.php|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Bein |first=Amit |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dhA6DwAAQBAJ |title=Kemalist Turkey and the Middle East: International Relations in the Interwar Period |date=December 2017 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-107-19800-5 |page=173 |quote=... with long excerpts of it published in columns on the front page of al-Ahram, Egypt's newspaper of record.}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{sort|Masry Al-Youm, Al|[[File:Almasry Alyoum logo.svg|150px|alt=Al-Masry Al-Youm]]}} | | {{sort|Masry Al-Youm, Al|[[File:Almasry Alyoum logo.svg|150px|alt=Al-Masry Al-Youm]]}} | ||
| Line 258: | Line 258: | ||
|1889 | |1889 | ||
|Finnish | |Finnish | ||
|<ref name= | |<ref name="Ahari"/><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Muir |first1=Simo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RtPT9Qe2z60C |title=Finland's Holocaust: Silences of History |last2=Worther |first2=Hana |year=2013 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-137-30264-9 |page=20 |quote=[T]hey appeared in the monthly magazine of Finland's paper of record, the Helsingin Sanomat.}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|France}} France | | rowspan="3" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|France}} France | ||
| Line 265: | Line 265: | ||
| {{lang|fr|[[Le Figaro]]}} | | {{lang|fr|[[Le Figaro]]}} | ||
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:left;" | [[Paris]] | | rowspan="3" style="text-align:left;" | [[Paris]] | ||
| 1826{{efn|{{lang|fr|[[Le Figaro]]}} is France's oldest national newspaper still operating to this date.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/pda/2010/feb/12/digital-media-newspapers-figaro-paid-content|title=Le Figaro opts for freemium web model|work=The Guardian|date=12 February 2010|access-date=31 May 2015}}</ref>}} | | 1826{{efn|{{lang|fr|[[Le Figaro]]}} is France's oldest national newspaper still operating to this date.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/pda/2010/feb/12/digital-media-newspapers-figaro-paid-content|title=Le Figaro opts for freemium web model|work=The Guardian|date=12 February 2010|access-date=31 May 2015|archive-date=27 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127201911/https://www.theguardian.com/media/pda/2010/feb/12/digital-media-newspapers-figaro-paid-content|url-status=live}}</ref>}} | ||
| rowspan="3" | French | | rowspan="3" | French | ||
|<ref name="Ballarini">{{cite book |last=Ballarini |first=Loïc |editor-last=Ballarini |editor-first=Loïc |year=2020 |chapter=The Local Press as a Medium to Create Diversion |title=The Independence of the News Media: Francophone Research on Media, Economics and Politics |series=Global Transformations in Media and Communication Research |location=Cham |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-34054-4 |eissn=2634-5986 |isbn=978-3-030-34054-4 |issn=2634-5978 |quote=The French newspapers of record that are reputed around the world for their supposed authority on France and French matters are national papers published in Paris: Le Monde (centre left) and Le Figaro (conservative right), as well as Libération (centre left), which has seen a significant decline in its readership numbers, and Mediapart (left, investigative journalism), which is the only pure play company considered to be a newspaper of record. |quote-page=133}}</ref><ref>"Le Monde, whose print edition comes out around lunchtime, was launched at the end of Nazi occupation of France in 1944 and took on the role of France's newspaper of record alongside the more conservative Le Figaro." - [https://www.reuters.com/article/france-lemonde-idUSL6N0O03TH20140514 France's Le Monde newspaper editor quits after power struggle with staff] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310064921/http://www.reuters.com/article/france-lemonde-idUSL6N0O03TH20140514 |date=10 March 2016 }}, [[Reuters]], 14 May 2014</ref><ref name="McMaster" /> | |<ref name="Ballarini-2020">{{cite book |last=Ballarini |first=Loïc |editor-last=Ballarini |editor-first=Loïc |year=2020 |chapter=The Local Press as a Medium to Create Diversion |title=The Independence of the News Media: Francophone Research on Media, Economics and Politics |series=Global Transformations in Media and Communication Research |location=Cham |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-34054-4 |eissn=2634-5986 |isbn=978-3-030-34054-4 |issn=2634-5978 |quote=The French newspapers of record that are reputed around the world for their supposed authority on France and French matters are national papers published in Paris: Le Monde (centre left) and Le Figaro (conservative right), as well as Libération (centre left), which has seen a significant decline in its readership numbers, and Mediapart (left, investigative journalism), which is the only pure play company considered to be a newspaper of record. |quote-page=133}}</ref><ref>"Le Monde, whose print edition comes out around lunchtime, was launched at the end of Nazi occupation of France in 1944 and took on the role of France's newspaper of record alongside the more conservative Le Figaro." - [https://www.reuters.com/article/france-lemonde-idUSL6N0O03TH20140514 France's Le Monde newspaper editor quits after power struggle with staff] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310064921/http://www.reuters.com/article/france-lemonde-idUSL6N0O03TH20140514 |date=10 March 2016 }}, [[Reuters]], 14 May 2014</ref><ref name="McMaster University Library-2022" /> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{sort|Liberation|[[File:Logo liberation.svg|150px|alt=Libération]]}} | | {{sort|Liberation|[[File:Logo liberation.svg|150px|alt=Libération]]}} | ||
| ''[[Libération]]'' | | ''[[Libération]]'' | ||
| 1973 | | 1973 | ||
|<ref name="Ballarini"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bryant |first=Elizabeth |date=2006-10-27 |title=A capital crisis may bring down leftist French paper / Liberation, founded in 1968, has seen circulation plummet |url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/a-capital-crisis-may-bring-down-leftist-french-2548623.php |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=[[SFGATE]] |language=en-US}}</ref> | |<ref name="Ballarini-2020"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bryant |first=Elizabeth |date=2006-10-27 |title=A capital crisis may bring down leftist French paper / Liberation, founded in 1968, has seen circulation plummet |url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/a-capital-crisis-may-bring-down-leftist-french-2548623.php |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=[[SFGATE]] |language=en-US |archive-date=25 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225132811/https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/A-capital-crisis-may-bring-down-leftist-French-2548623.php |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{sort|Monde, Le|[[File:Le Monde.svg|150px|alt=Le Monde]]}} | | {{sort|Monde, Le|[[File:Le Monde.svg|150px|alt=Le Monde]]}} | ||
| ''[[Le Monde]]'' | | ''[[Le Monde]]'' | ||
| 1944{{efn|Founded as a successor to the discredited [[Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy|collaborationist]] ''[[Le Temps (Paris)|Le Temps]]'' (founded 1861).}} | | 1944{{efn|Founded as a successor to the discredited [[Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy|collaborationist]] ''[[Le Temps (Paris)|Le Temps]]'' (founded 1861).}} | ||
|<ref name="Ballarini"/><ref>{{cite news|title=World of Le Monde looks set to expand|first=Thomas|last=Fuller|date=25 August 2003|work=[[International Herald Tribune]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| title= France profile | date= 12 January 2014 | access-date= 24 January 2014 | url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17299010 | work=[[BBC News]]| quote= Le Monde - respected national daily, considered to be France's newspaper of record }}</ref><ref name="McMaster" /> | |<ref name="Ballarini-2020"/><ref>{{cite news|title=World of Le Monde looks set to expand|first=Thomas|last=Fuller|date=25 August 2003|work=[[International Herald Tribune]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title= France profile | date= 12 January 2014 | access-date= 24 January 2014 | url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17299010 | work= [[BBC News]] | quote= Le Monde - respected national daily, considered to be France's newspaper of record | archive-date= 29 January 2014 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140129035209/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17299010 | url-status= live }}</ref><ref name="McMaster University Library-2022" /> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan=" | | rowspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Germany}} Germany | ||
| rowspan=" | | rowspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | West Europe | ||
| {{sort|Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung|[[File:Frankfurter Allgemeine logo.svg|150px|alt=Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]]}} | | {{sort|Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung|[[File:Frankfurter Allgemeine logo.svg|150px|alt=Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]]}} | ||
| ''[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]]'' | | ''[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]]'' | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Frankfurt]] | | style="text-align:left;" | [[Frankfurt]] | ||
| 1949{{efn|Considered a successor to the ''[[Frankfurter Zeitung]]'' (founded 1856), banned in 1943 by the [[Propaganda Ministerium|Nazis]].}} | | 1949{{efn|Considered a successor to the ''[[Frankfurter Zeitung]]'' (founded 1856), banned in 1943 by the [[Propaganda Ministerium|Nazis]].}} | ||
| rowspan=" | | rowspan="4" |German | ||
|<ref name=" | |<ref name="Zerofsky111117">{{cite news |last=Zerofsky |first=Elisabeth |date=11 November 2017 |title=How a German Newspaper Became the Go-To Place for Leaks Like the Paradise Papers |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/how-a-german-newspaper-became-the-go-to-place-for-leaks-like-the-paradise-papers |url-status=live |newspaper=[[The New Yorker]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240502083554/https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/how-a-german-newspaper-became-the-go-to-place-for-leaks-like-the-paradise-papers |archive-date=2 May 2024 |access-date=11 May 2025 |url-access=limited |quote=''Süddeutsche Zeitung'' has, in recent years, pulled even with, or perhaps surpassed, the ''Frankfurter Allgemeine'' as the daily newspaper of record in Germany.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Frankfurter-Allgemeine-Zeitung|title=Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung {{!}} German newspaper|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=25 March 2018|language=en|archive-date=25 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325233959/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Frankfurter-Allgemeine-Zeitung|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Raicheva-Stover-2014" /> | ||
|- | |||
|- | |- | ||
| {{sort|Suddeutsche Zeitung|[[File:Süddeutsche Zeitung Logo.svg|150px|alt=Süddeutsche Zeitung]]}} | | {{sort|Suddeutsche Zeitung|[[File:Süddeutsche Zeitung Logo.svg|150px|alt=Süddeutsche Zeitung]]}} | ||
| Line 298: | Line 292: | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Munich]] | | style="text-align:left;" | [[Munich]] | ||
| 1945 | | 1945 | ||
|<ref name=" | |<ref name="Zerofsky111117"/><ref name="Pfanner-2011">{{cite news |last=Pfanner |first=Eric |date=13 March 2011 |title=Gloves Off in German Media Scramble |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/14/business/global/14bild.html |url-status=live |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220717173617/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/14/business/global/14bild.html |archive-date=17 July 2022 |access-date=11 May 2025 |url-access=limited |quote='{{ill|leitmedium|de|italic=y}}' in Germany, ... using a term that translates as 'leading medium', and describes the role of what is sometimes called a 'newspaper of record' ... Frankfurter Allgemeine and Süddeutsche Zeitung and the weekly Die Zeit.}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{sort|Welt, Die|[[File:Die Welt Logo 2015.png|150px|alt=Die Welt]]}} | | {{sort|Welt, Die|[[File:Die Welt Logo 2015.png|150px|alt=Die Welt]]}} | ||
| Line 310: | Line 304: | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Hamburg]] | | style="text-align:left;" | [[Hamburg]] | ||
| 1946 | | 1946 | ||
|<ref name=" | |<ref name="Pfanner-2011"/><ref name="McMaster University Library-2022" /> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Greece}} Greece | | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Greece}} Greece | ||
| Line 319: | Line 313: | ||
| 1919 | | 1919 | ||
| Greek | | Greek | ||
|<ref>{{cite book |last=Clogg |first=Richard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s7mKDwAAQBAJ |title=Greek to Me: A Memoir of Academic Life |date=February 2018 |publisher=[[I.B. Tauris]] |isbn=978- | |<ref>{{cite book |last=Clogg |first=Richard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s7mKDwAAQBAJ |title=Greek to Me: A Memoir of Academic Life |date=February 2018 |publisher=[[I.B. Tauris]] |isbn=978-1-78453-988-7 |page=75 |quote=She had been the courageous publisher of the conservative Kathimerini, the nearest thing that Greece had to a newspaper of record. |author-link=Richard Clogg}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine | magazine=[[The Economist (magazine)|The Economist]] | date=30 June 2011 | title=Greece's agony: What have we become? | quote=Alexis Papahelas, editor of Kathimerini, Greece's newspaper of record, has coined the term "coalition of the unwilling" to describe the array of ultra-leftist and ultra-traditionalist forces bent on blocking reform. | url=https://www.economist.com/europe/2011/06/30/what-have-we-become | access-date=9 May 2022 | archive-date=21 December 2022 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20221221121601/https://www.economist.com/europe/2011/06/30/what-have-we-become | url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Guatemala}} Guatemala | | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Guatemala}} Guatemala | ||
| Line 346: | Line 340: | ||
| 1903 | | 1903 | ||
| English | | English | ||
|<ref>{{cite book |last=Pepper |first=Suzanne |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6cMC0WXM-iQC |title=Keeping Democracy at Bay: Hong Kong and the Challenge of Chinese Political Reform |date=June 2007 |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978- | |<ref>{{cite book |last=Pepper |first=Suzanne |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6cMC0WXM-iQC |title=Keeping Democracy at Bay: Hong Kong and the Challenge of Chinese Political Reform |date=June 2007 |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-0-7425-0877-4 |page=251 |quote=The South China Morning Post remained staunchly pro—government and surpassed expectations by becoming the newspaper of record ... |author-link=Suzanne Pepper}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Lanchester|first=John|title=Family Romance: A Love Story|url=https://archive.org/details/familyromancelov00lanc|url-access=registration|year=2008|publisher=Penguin|page=[https://archive.org/details/familyromancelov00lanc/page/140 140]|isbn=978-0-14-311295-2|quote=The clippings are from the South China Morning Post, the paper of record in Hong Kong}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{Flagicon|Iceland}} Iceland | | style="text-align:left;" | {{Flagicon|Iceland}} Iceland | ||
| Line 355: | Line 349: | ||
|1913 | |1913 | ||
|Icelandic | |Icelandic | ||
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-03-02 |title=Iceland: Paper published back to front in nod to history |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-news-from-elsewhere-31694187 |access-date=2023-09-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=How Iceland Changed the World: The Big History of a Small Island | first=Egill |last=Bjarnason | page=38 | date=201 | isbn=978-0-14-313588-3 | quote=The interview appeared in Morgunblaðið , Iceland's newspaper of record ...| publisher=Penguin}}</ref> | |<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-03-02 |title=Iceland: Paper published back to front in nod to history |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-news-from-elsewhere-31694187 |access-date=2023-09-01 |archive-date=1 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901130115/https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-news-from-elsewhere-31694187 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=How Iceland Changed the World: The Big History of a Small Island | first=Egill |last=Bjarnason | page=38 | date=201 | isbn=978-0-14-313588-3 | quote=The interview appeared in Morgunblaðið, Iceland's newspaper of record ...| publisher=Penguin}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|India}} India | | rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|India}} India | ||
| Line 364: | Line 358: | ||
|1878 | |1878 | ||
| rowspan="2" |English | | rowspan="2" |English | ||
|<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BkhHC6AgRrgC&q=%22newspaper+of+record%22+%22the+hindu%22+-thehindu.com&pg=PA163|title=The Political Economy of Hunger: Volume 1: Entitlement and Well-being|last1=Drèze|first1=Jean|last2=Sen|first2=Amartya|date=21 February 1991|publisher=Clarendon Press|isbn= | |<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BkhHC6AgRrgC&q=%22newspaper+of+record%22+%22the+hindu%22+-thehindu.com&pg=PA163|title=The Political Economy of Hunger: Volume 1: Entitlement and Well-being|last1=Drèze|first1=Jean|last2=Sen|first2=Amartya|date=21 February 1991|publisher=Clarendon Press|isbn=978-0-19-154446-0}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OSW8fg7zr8gC&q=%22newspaper+of+record%22+%22the+hindu%22&pg=PA185|title=The Sun Never Sets: South Asian Migrants in an Age of U.S. Power|last1=Bald|first1=Vivek|last2=Chatterji|first2=Miabi|last3=Reddy|first3=Sujani|last4=Vimalassery|first4=Manu|date=22 July 2013|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=978-0-8147-8643-7}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{sort|Times of India, The|[[File:The times of india.svg|150px|alt=The Times of India]]}} | | {{sort|Times of India, The|[[File:The times of india.svg|150px|alt=The Times of India]]}} | ||
| Line 370: | Line 364: | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Mumbai]] | | style="text-align:left;" | [[Mumbai]] | ||
| 1838{{efn|Named ''The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce'' until mergers in 1860–1.}} | | 1838{{efn|Named ''The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce'' until mergers in 1860–1.}} | ||
|<ref name=" | |<ref name="Maureen Okun-2017" /><ref name="Ihsan Yilmaz-2014">{{cite book|author1=Greg Barton|author2=Paul Weller|author3=Ihsan Yilmaz|title=The Muslim World and Politics in Transition: Creative Contributions of the Gülen Movement|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uZzNAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA28|access-date=9 March 2020|date=18 December 2014|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-4411-5873-4|pages=28–}}</ref><ref name="Caulfield-2017">{{Citation|last=Caulfield|first=Mike|title=National Newspapers of Record|date=8 January 2017|url=https://webliteracy.pressbooks.com/chapter/national-newspapers-of-record/|work=Web Literacy for Student Fact-Checkers|publisher=Self-published|language=en|access-date=20 July 2020|archive-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002154749/https://webliteracy.pressbooks.com/chapter/national-newspapers-of-record/|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Indonesia}} Indonesia | | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Indonesia}} Indonesia | ||
| Line 379: | Line 373: | ||
| 1965 | | 1965 | ||
|Indonesian | |Indonesian | ||
|<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JHAkLnyJeKQC&q=Kompas+%22newspaper+of+record%22&pg=PA25|title=The Politics of Post-Suharto Indonesia|isbn= | |<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JHAkLnyJeKQC&q=Kompas+%22newspaper+of+record%22&pg=PA25|title=The Politics of Post-Suharto Indonesia|isbn=978-0-87609-247-7|access-date=31 May 2015|last1=Schwarz|first1=Adam|last2=Paris|first2=Jonathan|year=1999 | page=25 | publisher=[[Council on Foreign Relations|Council on Foreign Relations Press]] | quote=.. Kompass, the Indonesian national newspaper of record.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | website=[[Reporters Without Borders]] | url=https://rsf.org/en/country/indonesia | title=Indonesia: Media Landscape | date=8 December 2021 | quote=They include the daily Kompas, the newspaper of record, with a circulation of more than half a million, and the weekly Tempo, which has built a solid reputation for investigative journalism.| access-date=9 May 2022}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Iran}} Iran | | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Iran}} Iran | ||
| Line 388: | Line 382: | ||
| 1926 | | 1926 | ||
| Persian | | Persian | ||
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2009/12/media-guide.html|title=Iran Media Guide|work=FRONTLINE - Tehran Bureau|access-date=31 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LnZuSyJP2zUC&q=ettelaat+%22newspaper+of+record%22&pg=PA44|title=Journalism in Iran: From Mission to Profession | isbn=978- | |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2009/12/media-guide.html|title=Iran Media Guide|work=FRONTLINE - Tehran Bureau|access-date=31 May 2015|archive-date=12 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512093845/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2009/12/media-guide.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LnZuSyJP2zUC&q=ettelaat+%22newspaper+of+record%22&pg=PA44|title=Journalism in Iran: From Mission to Profession | isbn=978-0-415-58316-9 | access-date=8 May 2022 |last1=Shahidi|first1=Hossein|date=May 2010 | page=44 | quote=In the years to come, of the three main pre-Revolution dailies, Ettela'at continued its traditional position as a 'newspaper of record'. | publisher=[[Routledge]] }}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Ireland}} Ireland | | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Ireland}} Ireland | ||
| Line 397: | Line 391: | ||
| 1859 | | 1859 | ||
| English | | English | ||
|<ref>{{cite journal |last=Mercille |first=Julien |author-link=Julien Mercille |date=March 2014 |title=The role of the media in fiscal consolidation programmes: the case of Ireland |journal=Cambridge Journal of Economics |publisher=Oxford University Press |volume=28 |issue=2 |page=289 |doi=10.1093/cje/bet068 |issn=0309-166X |jstor=24694930 |quote=The Irish Times is often referred to as 'Ireland's newspaper of record'}}</ref><ref name=" | |<ref>{{cite journal |last=Mercille |first=Julien |author-link=Julien Mercille |date=March 2014 |title=The role of the media in fiscal consolidation programmes: the case of Ireland |journal=Cambridge Journal of Economics |publisher=Oxford University Press |volume=28 |issue=2 |page=289 |doi=10.1093/cje/bet068 |issn=0309-166X |jstor=24694930 |quote=The Irish Times is often referred to as 'Ireland's newspaper of record'}}</ref><ref name="Caulfield-2017" /><ref>{{cite news |title= The Irish Times, book review |url= http://www.fourcourtspress.ie/reviews.php?intProductID=828 |work=[[Evening Standard|The London Standard]] |access-date= 26 May 2014 |last= Dwan |first= David |quote= Today, the Irish Times is one of Ireland's most authoritative journals – the newspaper of record for political and intellectual elites from Mayo to Monkstown. |date= April 2009 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140527230042/http://www.fourcourtspress.ie/reviews.php?intProductID=828 |archive-date= 27 May 2014 }}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Israel}} Israel | | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Israel}} Israel | ||
| Line 406: | Line 400: | ||
| 1919 | | 1919 | ||
| Hebrew and English | | Hebrew and English | ||
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://fas.org/irp/dni/osc/israelmedia.pdf | title=Israel — Hebrew- and English-Language Media Guide | website=[[Open Source Enterprise|U.S. Government: Open Source Center]] | date=16 September 2008 | page=12 | quote=Ha'aretz, the left-of-center daily of record, ... | access-date=16 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= Pushing right-wing American politics — in Israel |url= http://www.salon.com/2008/08/21/influencing_israel/ | date= 21 August 2008 | access-date= 24 January 2014| work=[[Salon (website)|Salon]] | first= Gregory | last= Levey | quote= In the past few months, Haaretz, Israel's paper of record, has run a series of articles expressing misgivings about outside influence. }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= Alan Dershowitz and the Politics of Desperation |url= http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rabbi-brant-rosen/alan-dershowitz-and-the-p_b_572645.html | date= 11 May 2010 | access-date= 24 January 2014| work=[[The Huffington Post]] | first= Brant | last= Rosen | quote= Recent polling, alongside articles in both the New York Times and the Israeli paper of record, Ha'aretz, indicate that the American Jewish community no longer feels represented by our so-called representatives - if we ever did. }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= The Thin Green Line |url= https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2002/09/thin-green-line | date= September 2002 | access-date= 24 January 2014| work=[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]] | first= Gershom | last= Gorenberg | quote= | |<ref>{{cite web | url=https://fas.org/irp/dni/osc/israelmedia.pdf | title=Israel — Hebrew- and English-Language Media Guide | website=[[Open Source Enterprise|U.S. Government: Open Source Center]] | date=16 September 2008 | page=12 | quote=Ha'aretz, the left-of-center daily of record, ... | access-date=16 May 2022 | archive-date=8 May 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508142637/https://fas.org/irp/dni/osc/israelmedia.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title= Pushing right-wing American politics — in Israel | url= http://www.salon.com/2008/08/21/influencing_israel/ | date= 21 August 2008 | access-date= 24 January 2014 | work= [[Salon (website)|Salon]] | first= Gregory | last= Levey | quote= In the past few months, Haaretz, Israel's paper of record, has run a series of articles expressing misgivings about outside influence. | archive-date= 5 December 2022 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221205204831/https://www.salon.com/2008/08/21/influencing_israel/ | url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title= Alan Dershowitz and the Politics of Desperation | url= http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rabbi-brant-rosen/alan-dershowitz-and-the-p_b_572645.html | date= 11 May 2010 | access-date= 24 January 2014 | work= [[The Huffington Post]] | first= Brant | last= Rosen | quote= Recent polling, alongside articles in both the New York Times and the Israeli paper of record, Ha'aretz, indicate that the American Jewish community no longer feels represented by our so-called representatives - if we ever did. | archive-date= 26 February 2017 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170226181507/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rabbi-brant-rosen/alan-dershowitz-and-the-p_b_572645.html | url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title= The Thin Green Line | url= https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2002/09/thin-green-line | date= September 2002 | access-date= 24 January 2014 | work= [[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]] | first= Gershom | last= Gorenberg | quote= In late January, the declaration ran as an ad in Ha'aretz, the national paper of record... | archive-date= 19 February 2014 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140219010551/http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2002/09/thin-green-line | url-status= live }}</ref><ref name="Maureen Okun-2017" /> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Italy}} Italy | | rowspan="5" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Italy}} Italy | ||
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:left;" | South Europe | | rowspan="5" style="text-align:left;" | South Europe | ||
|[[File: | | {{sort|Corriere della Sera|[[File:Corriere della Sera.svg|150px|alt=Corriere della Sera]]}} | ||
|''[[ | | ''[[Corriere della Sera]]'' | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Milan]] | | style="text-align:left;" | [[Milan]] | ||
| | | 1876 | ||
| rowspan="5" |Italian | | rowspan="5" |Italian | ||
|<ref>{{cite news | | | <ref>{{cite news|title=Editing Out Criticism|first=Jeff|last=Israely|author2=Macleod, Scott|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=1 June 2003 |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,455770,00.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130327122125/https://time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,455770,00.html|archive-date = 27 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Diplomatic Affinity |first=Lloyd |last=Grove |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=6 February 1998 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-feb-06-ls-16003-story.html |archive-date=15 February 2022 |access-date=15 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215151610/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-feb-06-ls-16003-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Thurman-2010">{{cite magazine |title=Debenedetti Confesses! |first=Judith |last=Thurman |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |date=24 June 2010 |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/debenedetti-confesses |access-date=15 February 2022 |archive-date=13 October 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20211013210659/https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/debenedetti-confesses |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="McMaster University Library-2022" /> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{sort| | |{{sort|La Repubblica|[[File:La Repubblica.svg|150px|alt=La Repubblica]]}} | ||
| ''[[ | |''[[la Repubblica]]'' | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Rome]] | |||
|1976 | |||
|<ref name="Thurman-2010" /> | |||
|- | |||
|[[File:Il Sole 24 Ore.svg|130px|alt=Il Sole 24 Ore]] | |||
|''[[Il Sole 24 Ore]]'' | |||
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Milan]] | | style="text-align:left;" | [[Milan]] | ||
| | |1965 | ||
| <ref>{{cite news| | |<ref>{{cite news |last1=Backus |first1=Emily |last2=Edgecliffe-Johnson |first2=Andrew |date=20 August 2007 |title=Confindustria plans Il Sole float |url=https://www.ft.com/content/bcf0e37e-4f45-11dc-b485-0000779fd2ac |work=Financial Times |access-date=25 April 2024 |quote=Il Sole 24 Ore is widely regarded in Italy as the business paper of record |archive-date=25 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425174408/https://www.ft.com/content/bcf0e37e-4f45-11dc-b485-0000779fd2ac |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|{{sort|La Stampa|[[File:La Stampa.svg|150px|alt=La Stampa]]}} | |{{sort|La Stampa|[[File:La Stampa.svg|150px|alt=La Stampa]]}} | ||
| Line 427: | Line 427: | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Turin]] | | style="text-align:left;" | [[Turin]] | ||
|1867 | |1867 | ||
|<ref>{{cite web |last1=Denove |first1=Emmanuelle |last2=Michelet |first2=Elisa |last3=Savcisens |first3=Germans |last4=Fernández Fernández |first4=Elena |date=14 February 2024 |title=An Industrial West? A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Newspapers Discourses about Technology over One Hundred and Ten Years (1830-1940) |url=https://zenodo.org/records/10657719/files/Denove%20et%20al.pdf |page=3 |doi=10.5281/zenodo.10657719 |doi-access=free |access-date=27 April 2024 | |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Denove |first1=Emmanuelle |last2=Michelet |first2=Elisa |last3=Savcisens |first3=Germans |last4=Fernández Fernández |first4=Elena |date=14 February 2024 |title=An Industrial West? A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Newspapers Discourses about Technology over One Hundred and Ten Years (1830-1940) |url=https://zenodo.org/records/10657719/files/Denove%20et%20al.pdf |page=3 |doi=10.5281/zenodo.10657719 |doi-access=free |access-date=27 April 2024 |archive-date=27 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427021746/https://zenodo.org/records/10657719/files/Denove%20et%20al.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="McMaster University Library-2022" /> | ||
|- | |||
|- | |- | ||
|{{sort|Il Messaggero|[[File:Il Messaggero.svg|150px|alt=Il Messaggero]]}} | |{{sort|Il Messaggero|[[File:Il Messaggero.svg|150px|alt=Il Messaggero]]}} | ||
| Line 448: | Line 442: | ||
| 1834 | | 1834 | ||
|English | |English | ||
| <ref>{{cite book |last1=Beezley |first1=William H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8zlPEAAAQBAJ |title=Latin America 2020-2022 |date=September 2021 |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978- | | <ref>{{cite book |last1=Beezley |first1=William H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8zlPEAAAQBAJ |title=Latin America 2020-2022 |date=September 2021 |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-1-4758-5643-9 |edition=54th |page=266 |quote=The Daily Gleaner, established in 1834, is one of the oldest continually published newspapers in the hemisphere and is still Jamaica's newspaper of record.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Surlin |first1=Stuart H. |url=https://archive.org/details/massmediacaribbe0000unse/page/20 |title=Mass Media and the Caribbean |last2=Soderlund |first2=Walter C. |date=1990 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-2-88124-447-6 |page=[https://archive.org/details/massmediacaribbe0000unse/page/20 20]}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Japan}} Japan | | rowspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Japan}} Japan | ||
| Line 457: | Line 451: | ||
| 1879 | | 1879 | ||
| rowspan="4" | Japanese and English | | rowspan="4" | Japanese and English | ||
|<ref>{{cite news | newspaper=[[The Japan Times]] | url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2021/11/27/national/media-national/japan-shifting-media-landscape/ | first=Philip | last=Brasor | date=27 November 2021 | title=Reporter's death puts spotlight on shifting media landscape | quote=One frequent target is the Asahi Shimbun, which to many is the liberal newspaper of record in Japan.| access-date=10 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Johnson |first1=David T. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZY8E6n-JAAC |title=The Next Frontier: National Development, Political Change, and the Death Penalty in Asia |last2=Zimring |first2=Franklin E. |date=February 2009 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978- | |<ref>{{cite news | newspaper=[[The Japan Times]] | url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2021/11/27/national/media-national/japan-shifting-media-landscape/ | first=Philip | last=Brasor | date=27 November 2021 | title=Reporter's death puts spotlight on shifting media landscape | quote=One frequent target is the Asahi Shimbun, which to many is the liberal newspaper of record in Japan. | access-date=10 May 2022 | archive-date=10 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510132821/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2021/11/27/national/media-national/japan-shifting-media-landscape/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Johnson |first1=David T. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZY8E6n-JAAC |title=The Next Frontier: National Development, Political Change, and the Death Penalty in Asia |last2=Zimring |first2=Franklin E. |date=February 2009 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-533740-2 |series=Studies in Crime and Public Policy |page=71 |quote=Some months later, Japan's newspaper of record (the Asahi Shimbun) published a poem calling Hatoyama "the grim reaper" (shinigami). |author-link2=Franklin Zimring}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Lukner |first1=Kerstin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3fd1zAEACAAJ |title=Trust and Mistrust in Contemporary Japanese Politics |last2=Sakaki |first2=Alexandra |date=December 2019 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0-367-89275-3 |edition=1st |quote=..Asahi Shimbun, Japan's second largest newspaper and the 'newspaper of record' ..}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|{{sort|Nihon Keizai Shimbun (Nikkei)|[[File:Nikkei logo ja.svg|150px|alt=Nihon Keizai Shimbun (Nikkei)]]}} | |{{sort|Nihon Keizai Shimbun (Nikkei)|[[File:Nikkei logo ja.svg|150px|alt=Nihon Keizai Shimbun (Nikkei)]]}} | ||
| Line 463: | Line 457: | ||
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:left;" | [[Tokyo]] | | rowspan="3" style="text-align:left;" | [[Tokyo]] | ||
|1876 | |1876 | ||
|<ref name=" | |<ref name="Culpepper-2011">{{cite book |last=Culpepper |first=Pepper D. |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/quiet-politics-and-business-power/56127E2EE022EBA207A337E49BFD16B5 |title=Quiet Politics and Business Power: Corporate Control in Europe and Japan (Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics) |date=January 2011 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-13413-2 |page=128 |quote=...the Nihon Keizai Shimbun, the business or financial newspaper of record, had three million;... |author-link=Pepper D. Culpepper |archive-date=18 February 2023 |access-date=18 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218084651/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/quiet-politics-and-business-power/56127E2EE022EBA207A337E49BFD16B5 |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|{{sort|Yomiuri Shimbun|[[File:Yomiuri-Shimbun-Logo.svg|150px|alt=Yomiuri Shimbun]]}} | |{{sort|Yomiuri Shimbun|[[File:Yomiuri-Shimbun-Logo.svg|150px|alt=Yomiuri Shimbun]]}} | ||
|''[[Yomiuri Shimbun]]'' | |''[[Yomiuri Shimbun]]'' | ||
|1874 | |1874 | ||
|<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Swenson |first1=Tamara |last2=Visgatis |first2=Brad |year=2008 |title=Changing Representations of Homelessness in Japanese Newspapers |url=http://ir-lib.wilmina.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/10775/31/1/02.pdf |journal=Journal of Osaka Jogakuin 4year College |issue=5 |pages=19–44 |issn=1880-0084 |oclc=1097652041 |access-date=11 May 2024 |quote=The Yomiuri Shimbun is considered by many to be Japan's newspaper of record}}</ref> | |<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Swenson |first1=Tamara |last2=Visgatis |first2=Brad |year=2008 |title=Changing Representations of Homelessness in Japanese Newspapers |url=http://ir-lib.wilmina.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/10775/31/1/02.pdf |journal=Journal of Osaka Jogakuin 4year College |issue=5 |pages=19–44 |issn=1880-0084 |oclc=1097652041 |access-date=11 May 2024 |quote=The Yomiuri Shimbun is considered by many to be Japan's newspaper of record |archive-date=11 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511234931/http://ir-lib.wilmina.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/10775/31/1/02.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|{{sort|Mainichi Shimbun|[[File:Mainichi_Shimbun_logo.svg|150px|alt=Mainichi Shimbun]]}} | |{{sort|Mainichi Shimbun|[[File:Mainichi_Shimbun_logo.svg|150px|alt=Mainichi Shimbun]]}} | ||
|''[[Mainichi Shimbun]]'' | |''[[Mainichi Shimbun]]'' | ||
|1872 | |1872 | ||
|<ref>{{cite web |title= | |<ref>{{cite web |title=They're reading about it in Japan – Manuel Delia |url=https://manueldelia.com/2017/12/theyre-reading-about-it/ |website=manueldelia.com |language=en |access-date=21 April 2025 |quote=The Mainichi Shimbun, Japan's oldest newspaper and its newspaper of record, |archive-date=17 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250317173501/https://manueldelia.com/2017/12/theyre-reading-about-it/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Kenya}} Kenya | | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Kenya}} Kenya | ||
| Line 482: | Line 476: | ||
| 1960{{efn|Originated as the [[Swahili language|Swahili]] ''[[Taifa Leo|Taifa]]'' in 1958.}} | | 1960{{efn|Originated as the [[Swahili language|Swahili]] ''[[Taifa Leo|Taifa]]'' in 1958.}} | ||
| English | | English | ||
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Historical Perspective|url=http://www.nationaudio.com/kenyapolitics/info/nationmedia.html|work=nationaudio.com|access-date=14 March 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917025344/http://www.nationaudio.com/kenyapolitics/info/nationmedia.html|archive-date=17 September 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Benesch|first=Susan|title=The Kenyan Elections: Peace Happened|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/susan-benesch/kenya-elections_b_2921096.html|access-date=10 October 2013|work=The Huffington Post|date=21 March 2013|quote=Kenya's newspaper of record, the Daily Nation, published a banner headline "Never Again" over an editorial with a sharp, eloquent warning}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Onyebadi |first1=Uche |last2=Oyedeji |first2=Tayo |date=2011 |title=Newspaper coverage of post political election violence in Africa: an assessment of the Kenyan example | |<ref>{{cite web|title=Historical Perspective|url=http://www.nationaudio.com/kenyapolitics/info/nationmedia.html|work=nationaudio.com|access-date=14 March 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917025344/http://www.nationaudio.com/kenyapolitics/info/nationmedia.html|archive-date=17 September 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Benesch|first=Susan|title=The Kenyan Elections: Peace Happened|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/susan-benesch/kenya-elections_b_2921096.html|access-date=10 October 2013|work=The Huffington Post|date=21 March 2013|quote=Kenya's newspaper of record, the Daily Nation, published a banner headline "Never Again" over an editorial with a sharp, eloquent warning|archive-date=26 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726163236/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/susan-benesch/kenya-elections_b_2921096.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Onyebadi |first1=Uche |last2=Oyedeji |first2=Tayo |date=2011 |title=Newspaper coverage of post political election violence in Africa: an assessment of the Kenyan example |journal=Media, War & Conflict |volume=4 |issue=3 |page=217 |doi=10.1177/1750635211420768 |jstor=26000315 |s2cid=144537355 |issn=1750-6352 }}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Lebanon}} Lebanon | | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Lebanon}} Lebanon | ||
| Line 496: | Line 490: | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | Southeast Asia | | style="text-align:left;" | Southeast Asia | ||
| {{sort|New Straits Times|[[File:NSTlogo.png|150px|alt=New Straits Times]]}} | | {{sort|New Straits Times|[[File:NSTlogo.png|150px|alt=New Straits Times]]}} | ||
| ''[[New Straits Times]]''{{efn|name=Straits|The ''[[Straits Times]]'' and ''[[New Straits Times]]'' were qualified as "semi-official newspapers of record" in the ''Encyclopedia of Journalism'' (2009) as "each is tightly connected to the dominant political party of their respective countries".<ref name= | | ''[[New Straits Times]]''{{efn|name=Straits|The ''[[Straits Times]]'' and ''[[New Straits Times]]'' were qualified as "semi-official newspapers of record" in the ''Encyclopedia of Journalism'' (2009) as "each is tightly connected to the dominant political party of their respective countries".<ref name="Christopher-2009b"/>}} | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Kuala Lumpur]] | | style="text-align:left;" | [[Kuala Lumpur]] | ||
| 1965{{efn|Spun off from ''[[The Straits Times]]'' (founded 1845) upon [[Independence of Singapore Agreement 1965|Singapore's independence]].}} | | 1965{{efn|Spun off from ''[[The Straits Times]]'' (founded 1845) upon [[Independence of Singapore Agreement 1965|Singapore's independence]].}} | ||
| English | | English | ||
|<ref name=" | |<ref name="Christopher-2009b" /><ref name="Corfield-2010">{{cite book |last=Corfield |first=Justin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vhBMmG9yXgYC |title=Historical Dictionary of Singapore |date=2010 |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield|Scarecrow Press]] |isbn=978-0-8108-7184-7 |page=255 |quote=Straits Times (and New Straits Times): ... it has emerged as a newspaper of record |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Raslan |first=Karim |date=5 June 2017 |title=A writer's writer: the life and times of Malaysia's Rehman Rashid |url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/personalities/article/2096986/writers-writer-life-and-times-malaysias-rehman-rashid |url-status=live |department=This Week in Asia |work=South China Morning Post |issn=1563-9371 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610143941/https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/personalities/article/2096986/writers-writer-life-and-times-malaysias-rehman-rashid |archive-date=10 June 2017 |access-date=24 May 2024 |url-access=subscription |quote=The NST at the time was the doyen of Malaysia's English-language media, a paper of record which attracted the best writers.}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Mexico}} Mexico | | rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Mexico}} Mexico | ||
| Line 514: | Line 508: | ||
| ''[[Reforma (newspaper)|Reforma]]'' | | ''[[Reforma (newspaper)|Reforma]]'' | ||
| 1993 | | 1993 | ||
|<ref name=" | |<ref name="Johnston-2003" /> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Netherlands}} Netherlands | | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Netherlands}} Netherlands | ||
| Line 532: | Line 526: | ||
| 1863 | | 1863 | ||
| English | | English | ||
|<ref name=" | |<ref name="Caulfield-2017" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Cooper |first=Matt |author-link=Matt Cooper (Irish journalist) |year=2015 |chapter=Playing the long game |title=The Maximalist: The Rise and Fall of Tony O'Reilly |location=Dublin |publisher=Gill & Macmillan |isbn=978-07171-6723-4 |quote=The New Zealand Herald was a paper with daily paid-for sales of over 250,000; it had an image of something of a 'paper-of-record'}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Nigeria}} Nigeria | | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Nigeria}} Nigeria | ||
| Line 550: | Line 544: | ||
| 1945 | | 1945 | ||
| Korean | | Korean | ||
| <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Em |first=Pavel P. |last2=Ward |first2=Peter |date=2021-01-01 |title=City profile: Is Pyongyang a post-socialist city? |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0264275120312981 |journal=Cities |volume=108 | | | <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Em |first=Pavel P. |last2=Ward |first2=Peter |date=2021-01-01 |title=City profile: Is Pyongyang a post-socialist city? |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0264275120312981 |journal=Cities |volume=108 |article-number=102950 |doi=10.1016/j.cities.2020.102950 |issn=0264-2751|url-access=subscription }}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Norway}} Norway | | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Norway}} Norway | ||
| Line 558: | Line 552: | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Oslo]] | | style="text-align:left;" | [[Oslo]] | ||
| 1860 | | 1860 | ||
| Norwegian<br>([[Riksmål]]) | | Norwegian<br />([[Riksmål]]) | ||
|<ref name= | |<ref name="Ahari"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Midttun |first1=Atle |last2=Coulter |first2=Paddy |last3=Gadzekpo |first3=Audrey |author-link3=Audrey Gadzekpo |last4=Wang |first4=Jin |date=December 2015 |title=Comparing Media Framings of Climate Change in Developed, Rapid Growth and Developing Countries: Findings from Norway, China and Ghana |journal=Energy & Environment |publisher=Sage Publishing |volume=26 |issue=8 |pages=1271–1292 |doi=10.1260/0958-305X.26.8.1271 |issn=2048-4070 |jstor=90006539 |bibcode=2015EnEnv..26.1271M |quote=Aftenposten, Norway's newspaper of record and the newspaper with the widest circulation, is privately-owned and has broad coverage of news, culture, public policyand business. |quote-page=1277}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Pakistan}} Pakistan | | rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Pakistan}} Pakistan | ||
| Line 568: | Line 562: | ||
|1941 | |1941 | ||
|English | |English | ||
|<ref>{{cite book |last=Walsh |first=Declan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K1s3EAAAQBAJ |title=The Nine Lives of Pakistan: Dispatches from a Divided Nation |date=July 2021 |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] |isbn=978- | |<ref>{{cite book |last=Walsh |first=Declan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K1s3EAAAQBAJ |title=The Nine Lives of Pakistan: Dispatches from a Divided Nation |date=July 2021 |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] |isbn=978-1-4088-6849-2 |page=xxi |quote=Cyril Almeida, a senior journalist with Dawn, Pakistan's newspaper of record, who, furious at the news of my expulsion. |author-link=Declan Walsh (journalist)}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| date = 4 July 2018| title = The assault on Pakistan media ahead of vote| url = https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44693968| work = [[BBC]]| access-date = 3 December 2020| first = Ahmed| last = Rashid| author-link = Ahmed Rashid| quote = Dawn is the unofficial newspaper of record - indispensable for businessmen, diplomats and military officers alike - and known for its influential editorials that affect Pakistan's image worldwide.| archive-date = 26 December 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181226144631/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44693968| url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine | magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] | url=https://time.com/5846698/world-reactions-george-floyd-protests/ | first1=Ciara | last1=Nugent | first2=Billy | last2=Perrigo | title='The Edge of an Abyss.' How the World's Newspapers Are Responding as the U.S. Descends Into Chaos | quote=In Pakistan, which has a longstanding, if strained, military alliance with the U.S., the country's newspaper of record, Dawn, ran an editorial under the headline "Trump on the Warpath." | date=2 June 2020 | access-date=9 May 2022 | archive-date=9 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509154450/https://time.com/5846698/world-reactions-george-floyd-protests/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | South Asia | | style="text-align:left;" | South Asia | ||
| Line 576: | Line 570: | ||
|1939 | |1939 | ||
|Urdu | |Urdu | ||
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Always busy, anxious but confident {{!}} Tribute - MAG THE WEEKLY |url=https://magtheweekly.com/detail/5577-always-busy-anxious-but-confident |website=magtheweekly.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Behind every great person and his achievements, stands a woman |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/272913-behind-every-great-person-and-his-achievements-stands-a-woman |work=www.thenews.com.pk |publisher=[[The News International]] |language=en}}</ref> | |<ref>{{cite web |title=Always busy, anxious but confident {{!}} Tribute - MAG THE WEEKLY |url=https://magtheweekly.com/detail/5577-always-busy-anxious-but-confident |website=magtheweekly.com |language=en |access-date=21 July 2024 |archive-date=3 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203230553/https://magtheweekly.com/detail/5577-always-busy-anxious-but-confident |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Behind every great person and his achievements, stands a woman |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/272913-behind-every-great-person-and-his-achievements-stands-a-woman |work=www.thenews.com.pk |publisher=[[The News International]] |language=en |archive-date=21 July 2024 |access-date=21 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721160442/https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/272913-behind-every-great-person-and-his-achievements-stands-a-woman |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Panama}} Panama | | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Panama}} Panama | ||
| Line 585: | Line 579: | ||
| 1980 | | 1980 | ||
| Spanish | | Spanish | ||
|<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rockwell |first1=Rick J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Luz_t4VpyBwC |title=Media Power in Central America |last2=Janus |first2=Noreene |date=2003 |publisher=[[University of Illinois Press]] |isbn=978- | |<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rockwell |first1=Rick J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Luz_t4VpyBwC |title=Media Power in Central America |last2=Janus |first2=Noreene |date=2003 |publisher=[[University of Illinois Press]] |isbn=978-0-252-02802-1 |page=59 |jstor=10.5406/j.ctt2ttd20}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=[[Center for Public Integrity]] |url=https://archive.org/details/corruptionnotebo0000unse |title=The Corruption Notebooks: 25 Investigative Journalists Report on Abuses of Power in Their Home Country |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-882583-19-5 |page=237 |publisher=Public Integrity Books |quote=After the 1989 U.S. invasion of Panama, and the ouster of General Manuel Noriega, La Prensa became the country's newspaper of record |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref name="Columbia University Record-1995">{{cite journal | journal=[[Columbia University Record]] | volume=21 | issue=9 | date=November 1995 | url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/pr/95/18746.html | quote=For the past 15 years, Mr. Eisenmann has led Panama's internationally respected daily newspaper of record, La Prensa, as founding editor and publisher. | access-date=9 May 2022 | title=Four Journalists Win Columbia University's Cabot Prizes For Coverage of Latin America | archive-date=28 November 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128163002/http://www.columbia.edu/cu/pr/95/18746.html | url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Paraguay}} Paraguay | | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Paraguay}} Paraguay | ||
| Line 594: | Line 588: | ||
| 1967 | | 1967 | ||
| Spanish | | Spanish | ||
|<ref>{{cite book |last=Folch |first=Christine |year=2019 |chapter=Currency |title=Hydropolitics: The Itaipu Dam, Sovereignty, and the Engineering of Modern South America |series=Princeton Studies in Culture and Technology |volume=39 |location=Princeton, NJ |publisher= Princeton University Press |doi=10.2307/j.ctvdf0j6c |isbn= | |<ref>{{cite book |last=Folch |first=Christine |year=2019 |chapter=Currency |title=Hydropolitics: The Itaipu Dam, Sovereignty, and the Engineering of Modern South America |series=Princeton Studies in Culture and Technology |volume=39 |location=Princeton, NJ |publisher= Princeton University Press |doi=10.2307/j.ctvdf0j6c |isbn=978-0-691-18659-7 |quote=ABC Color, the Paraguayan paper of record |quote-page=81}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Peru}} Peru | | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Peru}} Peru | ||
| Line 603: | Line 597: | ||
| 1839 | | 1839 | ||
| Spanish | | Spanish | ||
|<ref name=" | |<ref name="Johnston-2003">{{cite book | title=Encyclopedia of International Media and Communications | volume=2 | page=143 | first=Donald H. | last=Johnston | date=2003 | isbn= 978-0-12-387670-6 | publisher=[[Academic Press]] | access-date=9 May 2022 | chapter=Chapter: Freedom of the Press in Latin America | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfgKAQAAMAAJ&q=%22the+newspaper+of+record%22+%22El+Comercio%22| quote=...the newspaper of record in any country is compulsory reading for political, business, and cultural leaders and the most prestigious such papers in the region, organized into the Grupo de Diarios America, are La Nacion (Buenos Aires, Argentina), O Globo (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), El Tiempo (Bogota, Colombia), El Mercurio (Santiago, Chile), El Comercio (Ecuador), Reforma (Mexico), El Nuevo Dia Interactivo (Puerto Rico), El Comercio (Lima, Peru), El Pais (Montevideo, Uruguay), and El Nacional (Caracas, Venezuela)}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Philippines}} Philippines | | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Philippines}} Philippines | ||
| Line 612: | Line 606: | ||
| 1985 | | 1985 | ||
| English | | English | ||
|<ref>{{cite book |last=Claudio |first=Lisandro E. |year=2017 |chapter=Salvador P. Lopez and the Space of Liberty |title=Liberalism and the Postcolony: Thinking the State in 20th-Century Philippines |series=Kyoto CSEAS Series on Asian Studies |volume=19 |location=Singapore |publisher=NUS Press |isbn=978-981-4722-52-0 |quote=the anti-Marcos weekly Mr. & Ms. [...] would become the Philippine Daily Inquirer, the present day paper of record |quote-page=144}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | website=[[Library of Congress]] | title=Philippine Daily Inquirer | url=https://www.loc.gov/item/lcwaN0027502/#:~:text=The%20Philippine%20Daily%20Inquirer%2C%20popularly,the%20Philippines'%20newspaper%20of%20record. | access-date=7 May 2022 | quote= The Philippine Daily Inquirer, popularly known as the Inquirer, is an English-language newspaper in the Philippines. Founded in 1985, it is often regarded as the Philippines' newspaper of record.}}</ref> | |<ref>{{cite book |last=Claudio |first=Lisandro E. |year=2017 |chapter=Salvador P. Lopez and the Space of Liberty |title=Liberalism and the Postcolony: Thinking the State in 20th-Century Philippines |series=Kyoto CSEAS Series on Asian Studies |volume=19 |location=Singapore |publisher=NUS Press |isbn=978-981-4722-52-0 |quote=the anti-Marcos weekly Mr. & Ms. [...] would become the Philippine Daily Inquirer, the present day paper of record |quote-page=144}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | website=[[Library of Congress]] | title=Philippine Daily Inquirer | url=https://www.loc.gov/item/lcwaN0027502/#:~:text=The%20Philippine%20Daily%20Inquirer%2C%20popularly,the%20Philippines'%20newspaper%20of%20record. | access-date=7 May 2022 | quote=The Philippine Daily Inquirer, popularly known as the Inquirer, is an English-language newspaper in the Philippines. Founded in 1985, it is often regarded as the Philippines' newspaper of record. | archive-date=7 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220507201235/https://www.loc.gov/item/lcwaN0027502/#:~:text=The%20Philippine%20Daily%20Inquirer%2C%20popularly,the%20Philippines'%20newspaper%20of%20record. | url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Poland}} Poland | | rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Poland}} Poland | ||
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | | | rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | Central Europe | ||
| {{sort|Gazeta Wyborcza|[[File:Gazeta Wyborcza.png|150px|alt=Gazeta Wyborcza]]}} | | {{sort|Gazeta Wyborcza|[[File:Gazeta Wyborcza.png|150px|alt=Gazeta Wyborcza]]}} | ||
|''[[Gazeta Wyborcza]]'' | |''[[Gazeta Wyborcza]]'' | ||
| Line 621: | Line 615: | ||
|1989 | |1989 | ||
| rowspan="2" | Polish | | rowspan="2" | Polish | ||
|<ref name=" | |<ref name="Britannica Educational Publishing-2013" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Örnebring |first=Henrik |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nTFCDwAAQBAJ |title=Newsworkers: A Comparative European Perspective |date=November 2017 |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing|Bloomsbury Academic]] |isbn=978-1-5013-3822-9 |page=51 |quote=The creation of what is arguably the national newspaper of record, Gazeta Wyborcza, stands as an example of ....}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{sort|Rzeczpospolita|[[File:Rz logo big txt.svg|150px|alt=Rzeczpospolita]]}} | | {{sort|Rzeczpospolita|[[File:Rz logo big txt.svg|150px|alt=Rzeczpospolita]]}} | ||
|''[[Rzeczpospolita (newspaper)|Rzeczpospolita]]'' | |''[[Rzeczpospolita (newspaper)|Rzeczpospolita]]'' | ||
|1920{{efn|Dissolved in 1931 and revived in 1944, second dissolution in 1951, revived again in 1982.}} | |1920{{efn|Dissolved in 1931 and revived in 1944, second dissolution in 1951, revived again in 1982.}} | ||
|<ref name=" | |<ref name="Britannica Educational Publishing-2013">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ef2cAAAAQBAJ&q=newspaper+of+record&pg=PA131|title=Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland|date=1 June 2013|publisher=Britannica Educational Publishing|isbn=978-1-61530-991-7|page=131|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Szczerbiak |first=Aleks |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yM1JDwAAQBAJ |title=Politicising the Communist Past: The Politics of Truth Revelation in Post-Communist Poland |date=2020 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0-367-43358-1 |chapter=1 Introduction |quote=...Rzeczpospolita daily newspaper, the main Polish newspaper of record...}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Portuguese Republic}} Portugal | | rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Portuguese Republic}} Portugal | ||
| Line 635: | Line 629: | ||
| 1864 | | 1864 | ||
| rowspan="2" |Portuguese | | rowspan="2" |Portuguese | ||
| <ref>{{cite book | title=Historical Dictionary of Portugal | edition=3rd | page=189 | publisher=[[The Scarecrow Press]] | date=2010 | first1=Douglas L. |last1=Wheeler | first2=Walter C. Jr. | last2=Opello | quote=The major Lisbon newspapers are Diário de Noticias (daily and newspaper of record) .... |isbn=978- | | <ref>{{cite book | title=Historical Dictionary of Portugal | edition=3rd | page=189 | publisher=[[The Scarecrow Press]] | date=2010 | first1=Douglas L. |last1=Wheeler | first2=Walter C. Jr. | last2=Opello | quote=The major Lisbon newspapers are Diário de Noticias (daily and newspaper of record) .... |isbn=978-0-8108-6088-9}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Eaman |first=Ross |url=https://archive.org/details/atozofjournalism0000eama |title=The A to Z of Journalism |date=2009 |publisher=[[The Scarecrow Press]] |isbn=978-0-8108-7154-0 |page=237 |quote=The most prestigious newspaper for print journalists is the Diario de noticias, Portugal's "newspaper of record", followed by the more popular Jornal de noticias and the staunchly independent Publico. |url-access=registration}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{sort|Publico|[[File:Logo publico.svg|50px|alt=Publico]]}} | | {{sort|Publico|[[File:Logo publico.svg|50px|alt=Publico]]}} | ||
| Line 641: | Line 635: | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Lisbon]] | | style="text-align:left;" | [[Lisbon]] | ||
| 1990 | | 1990 | ||
| <ref>{{cite book |last1=Cavanagh |first1=Allison |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ghC9DwAAQBAJ |title=Letters to the Editor: Comparative and Historical Perspectives |last2=Steel |first2=John |date=November 2019 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |isbn=978- | | <ref>{{cite book |last1=Cavanagh |first1=Allison |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ghC9DwAAQBAJ |title=Letters to the Editor: Comparative and Historical Perspectives |last2=Steel |first2=John |date=November 2019 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |isbn=978-3-030-26479-6 |page=17 |quote=Our case study of a Portuguese newspaper of record, Público, ....}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Carter |first1=Cynthia |url=https://archive.org/details/routledgecompani0000unse_f9c1 |title=The Routledge Companion to Media & Gender |last2=Steiner |first2=Linda |last3=McLaughlin |first3=Lisa |date=December 2013 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0-415-52769-9 |page=435 |quote=The daily Público is Portugal's newspaper of record, with typical news and section divides. |author-link1=Cynthia Carter |author-link2=Linda Steiner |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Fishman |first=Robert M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2MGKDwAAQBAJ |title=Democratic Practice: Origins of the Iberian Divide in Political Inclusion |date=April 2019 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-091288-8 |page=234 |quote=.... with Portuguese journalists included José Manuel Fernandes, at the time director of Portugal's newspaper of record, Publico, Lisbon.}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Republic of the Congo}} Republic of the Congo | | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Republic of the Congo}} Republic of the Congo | ||
| Line 650: | Line 644: | ||
| 1952 | | 1952 | ||
| French | | French | ||
| <ref>{{cite book |last1=Clark |first1=John F. |last2=Decalo |first2=Samuel |year=2012 |title=Historical Dictionary of Republic of the Congo |edition=Fourth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oyMgIlcKuFkC&pg=PA89 |location=[[Lanham, Maryland]] |publisher=[[Scarecrow Press]] |page=89 |isbn=978-0-8108-7989-8 |access-date=4 February 2025 |quote=... ''La Semaine Africaine'', the Catholic weekly published in Brazzaville since preindependence, and the country's paper of record, continued to appear regularly at all times.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Carter |first1=Erin Baggott |last2=Carter |first2=Brett L. |year=2023 |chapter=1.1.1 Propaganda as Persuasion: The Republic of Congo |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-kLGEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5 |title=Propaganda in Autocracies: Institutions, Information, and the Politics of Belief |location=Cambridge |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |page=5 |isbn= | | <ref>{{cite book |last1=Clark |first1=John F. |last2=Decalo |first2=Samuel |year=2012 |title=Historical Dictionary of Republic of the Congo |edition=Fourth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oyMgIlcKuFkC&pg=PA89 |location=[[Lanham, Maryland]] |publisher=[[Scarecrow Press]] |page=89 |isbn=978-0-8108-7989-8 |access-date=4 February 2025 |quote=... ''La Semaine Africaine'', the Catholic weekly published in Brazzaville since preindependence, and the country's paper of record, continued to appear regularly at all times. |archive-date=9 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250409192640/https://books.google.com/books?id=oyMgIlcKuFkC&pg=PA89 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Carter |first1=Erin Baggott |last2=Carter |first2=Brett L. |year=2023 |chapter=1.1.1 Propaganda as Persuasion: The Republic of Congo |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-kLGEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5 |title=Propaganda in Autocracies: Institutions, Information, and the Politics of Belief |location=Cambridge |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |page=5 |isbn=978-1-009-27122-6 |access-date=4 February 2025 |quote=''La Semaine Africaine'' has long been regarded as Congo's ''vieille dame'': its 'gray lady,' a reference to ''The New York Times''. Founded as a church newsletter in the 1950s, ''La Semaine Africaine'' became Congo's newspaper of record during the democratic transition of the early 1990s. It now publishes twice weekly and, although its journalists self-censor, it remains independent.}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Romania}} Romania | | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Romania}} Romania | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | | | style="text-align:left;" | Southern Europe | ||
| {{sort|Adevărul|}} | | {{sort|Adevărul|}} | ||
| ''[[Adevărul]]'' | | ''[[Adevărul]]'' | ||
| Line 661: | Line 655: | ||
| <ref>{{cite book |last=Gallagher |first=Tom |author-link=Thomas Gerard Gallagher |year=2001 |chapter=Nationalism and Romanian Political Culture in the 1990s |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XMmGDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA112 |title=Post-Communist Romania |location=London |publisher=[[Palgrave Publishers]] |page=112 |isbn=978-0-333-97791-0 |access-date=5 February 2025 |quote=''Adevărul'', the closest approximation to a paper of record in Romania, has been particularly strident on Hungarian issues and on other themes that strike deep into the national psyche.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Dimitrova |first1=Daniela V. |last2=Postelnicu |first2=Monica |year=2008 |chapter=Chapter 11. Coverage of the Election in Candidate Countries: A View from Bulgaria and Romania |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TSC4dVQAK6QC&pg=PA180 |title=The EU Expansion: Communicating Shared Sovereignty in the Parliamentary |location=New York City |publisher=[[Peter Lang (publisher)|Peter Lang]] |page=180 |isbn=978-1-4331-0243-1 |access-date=5 February 2025 |quote=''Adevarul'' was the largest newspaper in Romania during Communism. ... Today ''Adevarul'' is considered a prestigious newspaper.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Light |first1=Duncan |last2=Young |first2=Craig |year=2009 |title=European Union enlargement, post-accession migration and imaginative geographies of the 'New Europe': media discourses in Romania and the United Kingdom |journal=Journal of Cultural Geography |volume=26 |issue=3 |location=Oxfordshire |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |page=294 |doi=10.1080/08873630903322205 |quote=The first is Adevărul ('the Truth') one of Romania's most serious newspapers (equivalent to a UK 'broadsheet') with something of a reputation as a 'newspaper of record.'}}</ref> | | <ref>{{cite book |last=Gallagher |first=Tom |author-link=Thomas Gerard Gallagher |year=2001 |chapter=Nationalism and Romanian Political Culture in the 1990s |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XMmGDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA112 |title=Post-Communist Romania |location=London |publisher=[[Palgrave Publishers]] |page=112 |isbn=978-0-333-97791-0 |access-date=5 February 2025 |quote=''Adevărul'', the closest approximation to a paper of record in Romania, has been particularly strident on Hungarian issues and on other themes that strike deep into the national psyche.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Dimitrova |first1=Daniela V. |last2=Postelnicu |first2=Monica |year=2008 |chapter=Chapter 11. Coverage of the Election in Candidate Countries: A View from Bulgaria and Romania |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TSC4dVQAK6QC&pg=PA180 |title=The EU Expansion: Communicating Shared Sovereignty in the Parliamentary |location=New York City |publisher=[[Peter Lang (publisher)|Peter Lang]] |page=180 |isbn=978-1-4331-0243-1 |access-date=5 February 2025 |quote=''Adevarul'' was the largest newspaper in Romania during Communism. ... Today ''Adevarul'' is considered a prestigious newspaper.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Light |first1=Duncan |last2=Young |first2=Craig |year=2009 |title=European Union enlargement, post-accession migration and imaginative geographies of the 'New Europe': media discourses in Romania and the United Kingdom |journal=Journal of Cultural Geography |volume=26 |issue=3 |location=Oxfordshire |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |page=294 |doi=10.1080/08873630903322205 |quote=The first is Adevărul ('the Truth') one of Romania's most serious newspapers (equivalent to a UK 'broadsheet') with something of a reputation as a 'newspaper of record.'}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Serbia}} Serbia | ||
| | | style="text-align:left;" | South Europe | ||
| {{sort|Danas|[[File:LogoDanas.png|100px|alt=Danas]]}} | | {{sort|Danas|[[File:LogoDanas.png|100px|alt=Danas]]}} | ||
| ''[[Danas]]'' | | ''[[Danas]]'' | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Belgrade]] | | style="text-align:left;" | [[Belgrade]] | ||
| 1997 | | 1997 | ||
|<ref | | Serbian | ||
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.voxeurop.eu/en/content/source-information/882181-danas |title=Danas |publisher=VOXeurop |date=18 January 2017 |access-date=2 January 2018}}</ref> | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Singapore}} Singapore | | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Singapore}} Singapore | ||
| Line 683: | Line 671: | ||
| 1845 | | 1845 | ||
| English | | English | ||
|<ref name=" | |<ref name="Christopher-2009b">{{cite book |last=Christopher |first=H. Sterling |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofjo0001unse |title=Encyclopedia of Journalism |date=2009 |publisher=[[SAGE Publishing]] |isbn=978-0-7619-2957-4 |volume=1 |page=108 |chapter=A–C |author-link=Christopher H. Sterling |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref name="Corfield-2010" /><ref>{{cite journal |last=Babcock |first=Joshua |date=Winter 2023 |title=(De)coupling Positional Whiteness and White Identities through "Good English" in Singapore |journal=Signs and Society |location=Chicago |publisher=University of Chicago Press |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=23–44 |doi=10.1086/722624 |doi-access=free |issn=2326-4489 |quote=the Straits Times [is] Singapore's state-run newspaper of record |quote-page=33}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|South Africa}} South Africa | | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|South Africa}} South Africa | ||
| Line 692: | Line 680: | ||
| 1985 | | 1985 | ||
| English | | English | ||
|<ref | |<ref>{{cite book |last=Christopher |first=H. Sterling |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofjo0001unse |title=Encyclopedia of Journalism |date=2009 |publisher=[[SAGE Publishing]] |isbn=978-0-7619-2957-4 |volume=1 |page=39 |chapter=A–C |author-link=Christopher H. Sterling |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last=Jones | first=Adam | title=From Rightist to 'Brightest'? The Strange Tale of South Africa's Citizen. | journal=[[Journal of Southern African Studies]] | volume=24 | issue=2 | date=1998 | pages=325–45 | doi=10.1080/03057079808708579 | jstor=2637530 | bibcode=1998JSAfS..24..325J }}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|South Korea}} South Korea | | rowspan="3" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|South Korea}} South Korea | ||
| Line 701: | Line 689: | ||
| 1920 | | 1920 | ||
| rowspan="3" | Korean | | rowspan="3" | Korean | ||
| <ref name=" | | <ref name="Youm-2018">{{cite book |last1=Youm |first1=Kyu Ho |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IUdvDwAAQBAJ |title=Korean Communication, Media, and Culture: An Annotated Bibliography |last2=Kwak |first2=Nojin |date=August 2018 |publisher=[[Lexington Books]] |isbn=978-1-4985-8332-9 |edition=1st |page=71 |chapter=3 |quote=The prominent "big three" publications — Chosun Ilbo, Dong-A Ilbo, and Joongang Ilbo — are newspapers of record with a combined three million subscribers. |author-link1=Kyu Ho Youm}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{sort|Dong-A Ilbo, The|[[File:Dong-a Ilbo logo.svg|150px|alt=The Dong-A Ilbo]]}} | | {{sort|Dong-A Ilbo, The|[[File:Dong-a Ilbo logo.svg|150px|alt=The Dong-A Ilbo]]}} | ||
| ''[[The Dong-A Ilbo]]'' | | ''[[The Dong-A Ilbo]]'' | ||
| 1920 | | 1920 | ||
| <ref name=" | | <ref name="Youm-2018" /> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{sort|JoongAng Ilbo|[[File:중앙일보CI.png|150px|alt=JoongAng Ilbo]]}} | | {{sort|JoongAng Ilbo|[[File:중앙일보CI.png|150px|alt=JoongAng Ilbo]]}} | ||
| ''[[JoongAng Ilbo]]'' | | ''[[JoongAng Ilbo]]'' | ||
| 1965 | | 1965 | ||
| <ref name=" | | <ref name="Youm-2018" /> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan=" | | rowspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Spain}} Spain | ||
| rowspan=" | | rowspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | South Europe | ||
| {{sort|La Vanguardia|[[File:La Vanguardia (cabecera).svg|150px|alt=La Vanguardia]]}} | | {{sort|La Vanguardia|[[File:La Vanguardia (cabecera).svg|150px|alt=La Vanguardia]]}} | ||
| ''[[La Vanguardia]]'' | | ''[[La Vanguardia]]'' | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Barcelona]] | | style="text-align:left;" | [[Barcelona]] | ||
| 1881 | | 1881 | ||
| rowspan=" | | rowspan="4" | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] | ||
|<ref>{{cite news|access-date=10 November 2022 |date=5 July 2022 |periodical=El País |title=EGM 2022: La SER cierra temporada de nuevo como la radio más escuchada |url=https://elpais.com/television/2022-07-05/la-ser-cierra-temporada-de-nuevo-como-la-radio-mas-escuchada.html}}<!-- auto-translated from Spanish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> | |<ref>{{cite news |access-date=10 November 2022 |date=5 July 2022 |periodical=El País |title=EGM 2022: La SER cierra temporada de nuevo como la radio más escuchada |url=https://elpais.com/television/2022-07-05/la-ser-cierra-temporada-de-nuevo-como-la-radio-mas-escuchada.html |archive-date=10 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110121229/https://elpais.com/television/2022-07-05/la-ser-cierra-temporada-de-nuevo-como-la-radio-mas-escuchada.html |url-status=live }}<!-- auto-translated from Spanish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> | ||
|- | |||
| {{sort|ABC|[[File:Diario ABC logo.svg|150px|alt=ABC]]}} | |||
| ''[[ABC (newspaper)|ABC]]'' | |||
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:left;" | [[Madrid]] | |||
| 1903 | |||
|<ref>{{cite book |last=Sklair |first=Leslie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=whMHEAAAQBAJ |title=The Anthropocene in Global Media: Neutralizing the Risk |date=May 2022 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0-367-64199-3 |page=175 |quote=ABC, the third 'newspaper of record' in Spain ...}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=McCullough |first1=Colin |last2=Wilson |first2=Nathan |title=Violence, Memory, and History: Western Perceptions of Kristallnacht |date=15 September 2014 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-75777-0 |page=88 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YyCDBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA88 |language=en |quote=As of July 1936, ABC in Madrid, a conservative newspaper of record and the largest Spanish daily, was seized by the Popular Front}}</ref> | |||
|- | |- | ||
| {{sort|Mundo, El|[[File:El Mundo logo.svg|150px|alt=El Mundo]]}} | | {{sort|Mundo, El|[[File:El Mundo logo.svg|150px|alt=El Mundo]]}} | ||
| ''[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]'' | | ''[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]'' | ||
| 1989 | | 1989 | ||
|<ref>{{cite book |last=Sklair |first=Leslie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=whMHEAAAQBAJ |title=The Anthropocene in Global Media: Neutralizing the Risk |date=May 2022 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978- | |<ref>{{cite book |last=Sklair |first=Leslie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=whMHEAAAQBAJ |title=The Anthropocene in Global Media: Neutralizing the Risk |date=May 2022 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0-367-64199-3 |page=174 |quote=Coverage in El Mundo, the second 'newspaper of record' in Spain (mainly in 2016) begins with two well-researched ...}}</ref><ref name="McMaster University Library-2022" /> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{sort|Pais, El|[[File:El Pais logo 2007.svg|150px|alt=El País]]}} | | {{sort|Pais, El|[[File:El Pais logo 2007.svg|150px|alt=El País]]}} | ||
| ''[[El País]]'' | | ''[[El País]]'' | ||
| 1976 | | 1976 | ||
|<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sachsman |first1=David B |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ES8WzwEACAAJ |title=Routledge Handbook of Environmental Journalism |last2=Myer Valenti |first2=JoAnn |date=June 2022 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978- | |<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sachsman |first1=David B |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ES8WzwEACAAJ |title=Routledge Handbook of Environmental Journalism |last2=Myer Valenti |first2=JoAnn |date=June 2022 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-032-33644-2 |quote=For this chapter, we analyzed the environmental information published by the newspaper of record in Spain, El País.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Enjuto-Rangel |first1=Cecilia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RnJvEAAAQBAJ |title=Transatlantic Studies: Latin America, Iberia, and Africa |last2=Faber |first2=Sebastiaan |last3=García-Caro |first3=Pedro |last4=Newcomb |first4=Robert Patrick |date=December 2019 |publisher=[[Liverpool University Press]] |isbn=978-1-78962-025-2 |page=127 |quote=A few days later, a Spanish newspaper of record, El País, published an interview ...}}</ref><ref name="McMaster University Library-2022" /> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Sweden}} Sweden | | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Sweden}} Sweden | ||
| Line 740: | Line 733: | ||
| 1864 | | 1864 | ||
| Swedish | | Swedish | ||
|<ref name= | |<ref name="Ahari">{{Cite web |last=Ahari |first=Shannon K. Tanhayi |title=Research Guides: Scandinavian Studies: Newspapers |url=https://guides.library.ucla.edu/c.php?g=472615&p=8511494 |access-date=2023-09-01 |website=[[UCLA Library]] |language=en |archive-date=1 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901130115/https://guides.library.ucla.edu/c.php?g=472615&p=8511494 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Immigrants outraged over Sweden's racial profiling|url=http://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking_news_detail.asp?id=33363|access-date=10 October 2013|work=The Standard|date=15 March 2013|quote=Dagens Nyheter, Sweden's paper of record.|archive-date=8 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108031113/http://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking_news_detail.asp?id=33363|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} Switzerland | | rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} Switzerland | ||
| Line 749: | Line 742: | ||
| 1780 | | 1780 | ||
| German | | German | ||
|<ref>{{cite book |last=Fossedal |first=Gregory |author-link=Gregory Fossedal |year=2018 |title=Direct Democracy in Switzerland |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SvdKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT352 |location=UK |publisher=[[Routledge]] |page=352 |isbn=978-14128-0505-6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250507210325/https://books.google.com/books?id=SvdKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT352 |archive-date=7 May 2025 |access-date=11 May 2025 |quote=The ''Neue Zürcher Zeitung'', the newspaper of record as the ''New York Times'' is in the United States}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/410460/Neue-Zurcher-Zeitung|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|title=Neue Zürcher Zeitung|access-date=30 August 2012}}</ref><ref name=" | |<ref>{{cite book |last=Fossedal |first=Gregory |author-link=Gregory Fossedal |year=2018 |title=Direct Democracy in Switzerland |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SvdKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT352 |location=UK |publisher=[[Routledge]] |page=352 |isbn=978-14128-0505-6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250507210325/https://books.google.com/books?id=SvdKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT352 |archive-date=7 May 2025 |access-date=11 May 2025 |quote=The ''Neue Zürcher Zeitung'', the newspaper of record as the ''New York Times'' is in the United States}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/410460/Neue-Zurcher-Zeitung|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|title=Neue Zürcher Zeitung|access-date=30 August 2012|archive-date=30 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111130222552/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/410460/Neue-Zurcher-Zeitung|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Schiller-Merkens-2019">{{cite book |last1=Schiller-Merkens |first1=Simone |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HwSqDwAAQBAJ |title=The Contested Moralities of Markets |last2=Balsiger |first2=Philip |date=October 2019 |publisher=[[Emerald Group Publishing]] |isbn=978-1-78769-120-9 |quote=In addition, we consulted all 302 newspaper articles in the Neue Zürcher Zeitung (the newspaper of record in the German-speaking part of Switzerland), and Le Temps (the newspaper of record in the German-speaking part of Switzerland), that covered...}}</ref><ref name="McMaster University Library-2022" /> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{sort|Temps, Le|[[File:Logo Le Temps (Schweiz).svg|150px|alt=Le Temps]]}} | | {{sort|Temps, Le|[[File:Logo Le Temps (Schweiz).svg|150px|alt=Le Temps]]}} | ||
| Line 756: | Line 749: | ||
| 1998{{efn|Merger of ''Journal de Genève'' (founded 1826), ''Gazette de Lausanne'' (1798), and ''Nouveau Quotidien'' (1991).}} | | 1998{{efn|Merger of ''Journal de Genève'' (founded 1826), ''Gazette de Lausanne'' (1798), and ''Nouveau Quotidien'' (1991).}} | ||
| French | | French | ||
|<ref>{{cite news |last=Enderlin |first=Serge |date=5 November 2020 |title=La Fondation Aventinus rachète le quotidien suisse 'Le Temps' |trans-title=The Aventinus Foundation acquires the Swiss daily newspaper 'Le Temps' |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/actualite-medias/article/2020/11/05/la-fondation-aventinus-rachete-le-quotidien-suisse-le-temps_6058623_3236.html |url-status=live |language=fr |newspaper=[[Le Monde]] |place=Geneva |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230912035128/https://www.lemonde.fr/actualite-medias/article/2020/11/05/la-fondation-aventinus-rachete-le-quotidien-suisse-le-temps_6058623_3236.html |archive-date= | |<ref>{{cite news |last=Enderlin |first=Serge |date=5 November 2020 |title=La Fondation Aventinus rachète le quotidien suisse 'Le Temps' |trans-title=The Aventinus Foundation acquires the Swiss daily newspaper 'Le Temps' |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/actualite-medias/article/2020/11/05/la-fondation-aventinus-rachete-le-quotidien-suisse-le-temps_6058623_3236.html |url-status=live |language=fr |newspaper=[[Le Monde]] |place=Geneva |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230912035128/https://www.lemonde.fr/actualite-medias/article/2020/11/05/la-fondation-aventinus-rachete-le-quotidien-suisse-le-temps_6058623_3236.html |archive-date=12 September 2023 |access-date=11 May 2025 |trans-quote=daily newspaper ''Le Temps'', the paper of record of the Francophone press in Switzerland}}</ref><ref name="Schiller-Merkens-2019" /><ref>[http://www.foeg.uzh.ch/jahrbuch/Broschur_Jahrbuch_foeg_englisch_2012.pdf The Quality of the Media], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924014134/http://www.foeg.uzh.ch/jahrbuch/Broschur_Jahrbuch_foeg_englisch_2012.pdf |date=24 September 2015 }}, main findings, Research Department on Public Opinion and Society (FÖG) of the [[University of Zurich]], 2012.</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Thailand}} Thailand | | rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Thailand}} Thailand | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | Southeast Asia | | rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | Southeast Asia | ||
| {{sort|Bangkok Post|[[File:BangkokPost.svg|150px|alt=Bangkok Post]]}} | | {{sort|Bangkok Post|[[File:BangkokPost.svg|150px|alt=Bangkok Post]]}} | ||
| ''[[Bangkok Post]]'' | | ''[[Bangkok Post]]'' | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Bangkok]] | | rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | [[Bangkok]] | ||
| 1946 | | 1946 | ||
| English | | rowspan="2" | English | ||
|<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Katz |first1=William A. |author-link=William Katz (librarian) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aCD0vxhNyuwC&q=Thailand%20%22Newspaper%20of%20Record%22 |title=Magazines for Libraries For the General Reader and School, Junior College, College, University, and Public Libraries |last2=Katz |first2=Linda Sternberg |publisher=Bowker |year=1997 |edition=9th |page=185 |isbn=978-0-8352-3907-3 |quote=''Bangkok Post'' is the English-language newspaper of record in Thailand...}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lawler |first1=John J. |last2=Bae |first2=Johngseok |date=April 1998 |title=Overt Employment Discrimination by Multinational Firms: Cultural and Economic Influences in a Developing Country |url=https://library.fes.de/libalt/journals/swetsfulltext/4177619.pdf |journal=Industrial Relations |publisher=Blackwell Publishers |volume=37 |issue=2 | | |<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Katz |first1=William A. |author-link=William Katz (librarian) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aCD0vxhNyuwC&q=Thailand%20%22Newspaper%20of%20Record%22 |title=Magazines for Libraries For the General Reader and School, Junior College, College, University, and Public Libraries |last2=Katz |first2=Linda Sternberg |publisher=Bowker |year=1997 |edition=9th |page=185 |isbn=978-0-8352-3907-3 |quote=''Bangkok Post'' is the English-language newspaper of record in Thailand...}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lawler |first1=John J. |last2=Bae |first2=Johngseok |date=April 1998 |title=Overt Employment Discrimination by Multinational Firms: Cultural and Economic Influences in a Developing Country |url=https://library.fes.de/libalt/journals/swetsfulltext/4177619.pdf |journal=Industrial Relations |publisher=Blackwell Publishers |volume=37 |issue=2 |page=137 |doi=10.1111/0019-8676.00079 |s2cid=154396371 |quote=The ''Bangkok Post'' was used because it is a newspaper of record in Thailand and the most widely read of the English-language dailies. |via=Bibliothek der Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1= Ruiz|first1= Todd |date= 16 March 2022 |title=Bangkok Post trashed for broadcasting Russian ambassador's 'propaganda' |url=https://coconuts.co/bangkok/news/bangkok-post-trashed-for-broadcasting-russian-ambassadors-propaganda/ |work= Coconuts Bangkok |publisher= Coconuts Media |access-date= 19 February 2024 |quote= The newspaper of record's decision to uncritically broadcast a closed session with Russia's ambassador to Thailand yesterday has been met with anger and disbelief.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Hart |first=Bonnye |title=WAI UNBALANCED? A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF MEDIA COVERAGE OF THE 2011 THAILAND GENERAL ELECTION IN THE BANGKOK POST NEWSPAPER |date=December 2013 |degree=M.A. Major in Mass Communication |publisher=[[Texas State University]] |url=https://digital.library.txstate.edu/bitstream/handle/10877/4859/HART-THESIS-2013.pdf |archive-date=7 July 2023 |access-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707161927/https://digital.library.txstate.edu/bitstream/handle/10877/4859/HART-THESIS-2013.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
|- | |||
| {{sort|Nation, The|[[File:The Nation Thailand logo.png|150px|alt=The Nation (Thailand)]]}} | |||
| ''[[The Nation (Thailand)|The Nation]]'' | |||
| 1971 | |||
|<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kittikhoun |first1=Alounkeo |author-link=Alounkeo Kittikhoun |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fqw_EAAAQBAJ&dq=Thailand+%22Newspaper+of+Record%22&pg=PT51 |title=Small Countries, Big Diplomacy Laos in the UN, ASEAN and MRC |last2=Kittikhoun |first2=Anoulak |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2022 |isbn=978-1-003-12540-2 |at=Footnote 26 |chapter=Chapter 2: Navigating the Cold War |quote=The Thai newspaper of record, ''The Nation'' admitted the three villages belonged to 'Lao communist administration.'}}</ref> | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Trinidad and Tobago}} Trinidad and Tobago | | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Trinidad and Tobago}} Trinidad and Tobago | ||
| Line 774: | Line 772: | ||
| 1917 | | 1917 | ||
| English | | English | ||
|<ref>{{cite journal| journal=[[Caribbean Review of Books]] | url=http://caribbeanreviewofbooks.com/crb-archive/10-november-2006/laureate-of-nowhere/ | title=Laureate of nowhere | first=Laurence |last=Breiner | date=November 2006 | access-date=10 May 2022 | quote=..that although the Guardian is the nation's [Trinidad and Tobago] newspaper of record...| volume=10}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Beezley |first=William H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8zlPEAAAQBAJ |title=Latin America 2020-2022 |date=September 2021 |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978- | |<ref>{{cite journal | journal=[[Caribbean Review of Books]] | url=http://caribbeanreviewofbooks.com/crb-archive/10-november-2006/laureate-of-nowhere/ | title=Laureate of nowhere | first=Laurence | last=Breiner | date=November 2006 | access-date=10 May 2022 | quote=..that although the Guardian is the nation's [Trinidad and Tobago] newspaper of record... | volume=10 | archive-date=15 June 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615120840/http://caribbeanreviewofbooks.com/crb-archive/10-november-2006/laureate-of-nowhere/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Beezley |first=William H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8zlPEAAAQBAJ |title=Latin America 2020-2022 |date=September 2021 |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-1-4758-5643-9 |edition=54th |page=394 |quote=The [Trinidad and Togabo] Guardian, founded in 1917, is the country's newspaper of record.}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Turkey}} Turkey | | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Turkey}} Turkey | ||
| Line 783: | Line 781: | ||
| 1924 | | 1924 | ||
| Turkish | | Turkish | ||
|<ref name=" | |<ref name="Shaheen-2017">{{cite news | newspaper=[[The Guardian]] | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jul/24/turkish-activists-decry-attack-press-freedom-journalists-stand-trial | title=Turkish activists decry attack on press freedom as journalists stand trial | date=24 July 2017 | access-date=10 May 2022 | first1=Kareem |last1=Shaheen |first2=Gözde | last2=Hatunoğlu | quote=...because Cumhuriyet, the country's newspaper of record that is committed to secularism...}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} United Kingdom | | rowspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} United Kingdom | ||
| Line 792: | Line 790: | ||
| 1855 | | 1855 | ||
| rowspan="4" |English | | rowspan="4" |English | ||
|<ref name=" | |<ref name="Caulfield-2017" /><ref name="BBC News-2004">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3409185.stm|title=The UK's 'other paper of record'|date=19 January 2004|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=21 March 2009|archive-date=2 October 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081002064335/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3409185.stm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Maureen Okun-2017" /> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{sort|Financial Times, The|[[File:Financial Times masthead.svg|150px|alt=The Financial Times]]}} | | {{sort|Financial Times, The|[[File:Financial Times masthead.svg|150px|alt=The Financial Times]]}} | ||
| ''[[Financial Times]]'' | | ''[[Financial Times]]'' | ||
| 1888 | | 1888 | ||
|<ref name=" | |<ref name="Caulfield-2017" /><ref name="Maureen Okun-2017" /><ref name="Brooks-2014" /><ref name="McMaster University Library-2022">{{cite web | website=[[McMaster University Library]] | url=https://libguides.mcmaster.ca/news/record | title=A Newspaper of Record | date=2022 | access-date=8 July 2022}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|{{sort|Guardian, The|[[File:The Guardian 2018.svg|150px|alt=The Guardian]]}} | |{{sort|Guardian, The|[[File:The Guardian 2018.svg|150px|alt=The Guardian]]}} | ||
| ''[[The Guardian]]'' | | ''[[The Guardian]]'' | ||
| 1821{{efn|Founded as ''The Manchester Guardian'', adopted its present name in 1959.}} | | 1821{{efn|Founded as ''The Manchester Guardian'', adopted its present name in 1959.}} | ||
|<ref name=" | |<ref name="Maureen Okun-2017">{{cite book|author1=Corey Frost|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7rGhDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA27|title=The Broadview Guide to Writing: A Handbook for Students|author2=Karen Weingarten|author3=Doug Babington|author4=Don LePan|author5=Maureen Okun|date=30 May 2017|publisher=Broadview Press|isbn=978-1-55481-313-1|edition=6th|pages=27–|access-date=7 May 2022}}</ref><ref name="McMaster University Library-2022" /><ref name="Ihsan Yilmaz-2014" /> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{sort|Times, The|[[File:The Times masthead.svg|150px|alt=The Times]]}}<!-- Please do not insert a fair use image --> | | {{sort|Times, The|[[File:The Times masthead.svg|150px|alt=The Times]]}}<!-- Please do not insert a fair use image --> | ||
| ''[[The Times]]'' | | ''[[The Times]]'' | ||
| 1785{{efn|Named ''The Daily Universal Register'' until 1788.}} | | 1785{{efn|Named ''The Daily Universal Register'' until 1788.}} | ||
|<ref name=" | |<ref name="BBC News-2004" /><ref name="Caulfield-2017" /><ref name="Maureen Okun-2017" /> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|United States}} United States | | rowspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|United States}} United States | ||
| Line 816: | Line 814: | ||
|1881 | |1881 | ||
| rowspan="4" |English | | rowspan="4" |English | ||
|<ref name=" | |<ref name="Caulfield-2017" /><ref name="Maureen Okun-2017" /> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{sort|New York Times, The|[[File:NewYorkTimes.svg|150px|alt=The New York Times]]}} | | {{sort|New York Times, The|[[File:NewYorkTimes.svg|150px|alt=The New York Times]]}} | ||
| Line 822: | Line 820: | ||
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | [[New York City]] | | rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | [[New York City]] | ||
| 1851 | | 1851 | ||
|<ref name=" | |<ref name="Caulfield-2017" /><ref name="Maureen Okun-2017" /><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=The New York Times|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|date=8 May 2023|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/412546/The-New-York-Times|quote="... long the newspaper of record in the United States and one of the world's great newspapers."|access-date=23 June 2022|archive-date=26 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426122713/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/412546/The-New-York-Times|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Christopher |first=H. Sterling |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofjo0003unse |title=Encyclopedia of Journalism |date=2009 |publisher=[[SAGE Publishing]] |isbn=978-0-7619-2957-4 |volume=3 |page=1020 |chapter= |quote=The New York Times is widely recognised as the country's newspaper of record. |author-link=Christopher H. Sterling |url-access=registration}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{sort|Wall Street Journal, The|[[File:WSJ Logo.svg|150px|alt=The Wall Street Journal]]}} | | {{sort|Wall Street Journal, The|[[File:WSJ Logo.svg|150px|alt=The Wall Street Journal]]}} | ||
| ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' | | ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' | ||
| 1889 | | 1889 | ||
|<ref name=" | |<ref name="Caulfield-2017" /><ref name="Maureen Okun-2017" /><ref name="McMaster University Library-2022" /><ref name="Doctor-2015" /> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{sort|Washington Post, The|[[File:The Logo of The Washington Post Newspaper.svg|150px|alt=The washington Post]]}} | | {{sort|Washington Post, The|[[File:The Logo of The Washington Post Newspaper.svg|150px|alt=The washington Post]]}} | ||
| Line 833: | Line 831: | ||
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Washington, D.C.]] | | style="text-align:left;" | [[Washington, D.C.]] | ||
|1877 | |1877 | ||
|<ref name=" | |<ref name="Caulfield-2017" /><ref name="Maureen Okun-2017" /><ref name="McMaster University Library-2022" /><ref name="Doctor-2015">{{cite web | title=On The Washington Post and the 'newspaper of record' epithet | url=https://www.politico.com/media/story/2015/12/on-the-washington-post-and-the-newspaper-of-record-epithet-004303/ | website=[[Politico]] | first=Ken | last=Doctor | date=12 March 2015 | access-date=8 May 2022 | archive-date=21 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521135237/https://www.politico.com/media/story/2015/12/on-the-washington-post-and-the-newspaper-of-record-epithet-004303/ | url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Vatican City}} Vatican City | |style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon|Vatican City}} Vatican City | ||
| Line 846: | Line 844: | ||
===Examples of fallen newspapers=== | ===Examples of fallen newspapers=== | ||
[[File:El Nacional building.jpg|thumb|The former headquarters of ''[[El Nacional (Venezuela)|El Nacional]]'', Venezuela's long-standing newspaper of record,<ref name= | [[File:El Nacional building.jpg|thumb|The former headquarters of ''[[El Nacional (Venezuela)|El Nacional]]'', Venezuela's long-standing newspaper of record,<ref name="Johnston-2003"/> which was seized by the state in 2018 and forced out of newsprint production<ref name="Vargas-2018"/>]] | ||
Over time, some established newspapers of record by reputation have lost their status due to financial collapse, take-over or merger by another entity that did not have the same standards or allowed increased government control and suppression of the paper's editorial independence. The existence of newspapers of record by reputation is an aspect of the level of [[Freedom of the press|press freedom]] and [[political freedom]] in a country, with major first-world democracies having several such newspapers (e.g. United States, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Canada, Italy and Japan); in contrast, countries that have seen a decline in their newspapers of record by reputation can represent a decline in levels of personal and political freedom (e.g. Zimbabwe, Venezuela, and Cambodia).<ref name=" | Over time, some established newspapers of record by reputation have lost their status due to financial collapse, take-over or merger by another entity that did not have the same standards or allowed increased government control and suppression of the paper's editorial independence. The existence of newspapers of record by reputation is an aspect of the level of [[Freedom of the press|press freedom]] and [[political freedom]] in a country, with major first-world democracies having several such newspapers (e.g. United States, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Canada, Italy and Japan); in contrast, countries that have seen a decline in their newspapers of record by reputation can represent a decline in levels of personal and political freedom (e.g. Zimbabwe, Venezuela, and Cambodia).<ref name="Christopher-2009a">{{cite book |last=Christopher |first=H. Sterling |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofjo0003unse |title=Encyclopedia of Journalism |date=2009 |publisher=[[SAGE Publishing]] |isbn=978-0-7619-2957-4 |volume=3 |page=1020 |author-link=Christopher H. Sterling |url-access=registration}}</ref> | ||
Examples include: | Examples include: | ||
*Zimbabwe's ''[[The Herald (Zimbabwe)|The Herald]]'', lost its status as an established newspaper of record when it was eventually taken over by [[Robert Mugabe]]'s [[ZANU–PF|Zanu-PF]] party.<ref>{{cite book |last=Eckson Mugari |first=Zvenyika |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MabYDwAAQBAJ |title=Press Silence in Postcolonial Zimbabwe: News Whiteouts, Journalism and Power |date=March 2020 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978- | *Zimbabwe's ''[[The Herald (Zimbabwe)|The Herald]]'', lost its status as an established newspaper of record when it was eventually taken over by [[Robert Mugabe]]'s [[ZANU–PF|Zanu-PF]] party.<ref>{{cite book |last=Eckson Mugari |first=Zvenyika |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MabYDwAAQBAJ |title=Press Silence in Postcolonial Zimbabwe: News Whiteouts, Journalism and Power |date=March 2020 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0-367-25225-0}}</ref> | ||
* Venezuela's newspaper of record, ''[[El Nacional (Venezuela)|El Nacional]]'',<ref name= | * Venezuela's newspaper of record, ''[[El Nacional (Venezuela)|El Nacional]]'',<ref name="Johnston-2003"/> was forced out of print by the state in 2018, and its headquarters was given to a high-ranking official.<ref name="Vargas-2018">{{cite web | website=[[Caracas Chronicles]] | title=From Distant Glory Days to Utter Degradation, El Nacional Mirrored Venezuela | date=19 December 2018 | access-date=9 May 2022 | first=José González | last=Vargas | url=https://www.caracaschronicles.com/2018/12/18/from-distant-glory-days-to-utter-degradation-el-nacional-mirrored-venezuela/ | archive-date=28 November 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128163004/https://www.caracaschronicles.com/2018/12/18/from-distant-glory-days-to-utter-degradation-el-nacional-mirrored-venezuela/ | url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
* London-based [[pan-Arab]] newspaper of record, ''[[Al-Hayat]]'', ceased in 2020 due to financial and political pressures.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Editorial | title=Pan-Arab newspaper al-Hayat officially closes after decades of journalism|url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/saudi-owned-newspaper-al-hayat-suspended-permenantly-after-32-jourmalism|access-date=14 May 2022|newspaper=[[Middle East Eye]] |language=en | date=4 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=26 May 2020|title=Will the Pandemic Kill Arab Print Journalism?|url=https://tcf.org/content/report/will-pandemic-kill-arab-print-journalism/|access-date=14 May 2022|website=[[The Century Foundation]] |language=en | first=Aron | last=Lund}}</ref> | * London-based [[pan-Arab]] newspaper of record, ''[[Al-Hayat]]'', ceased in 2020 due to financial and political pressures.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Editorial |title=Pan-Arab newspaper al-Hayat officially closes after decades of journalism |url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/saudi-owned-newspaper-al-hayat-suspended-permenantly-after-32-jourmalism |access-date=14 May 2022 |newspaper=[[Middle East Eye]] |language=en |date=4 March 2020 |archive-date=4 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304185154/http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/saudi-owned-newspaper-al-hayat-suspended-permenantly-after-32-jourmalism |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=26 May 2020|title=Will the Pandemic Kill Arab Print Journalism?|url=https://tcf.org/content/report/will-pandemic-kill-arab-print-journalism/|access-date=14 May 2022|website=[[The Century Foundation]]|language=en|first=Aron|last=Lund|archive-date=12 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612070130/https://tcf.org/content/report/will-pandemic-kill-arab-print-journalism/|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
* In Cambodia, the [[Hun Sen]] administration forced both of Cambodia's newspapers of record out of business using contrived tax fines that resulted in the closure of ''[[The Cambodia Daily]]'' in 2017,<ref>{{cite news| last = Philp| first = Catherine| date = 5 November 2017| title = Cambodia Daily survived tanks but not descent into outright dictatorship| url = https://www.thetimes.com/world/article/cambodia-daily-survived-tanks-but-not-descent-into-outright-dictatorship-vggtht07b| work = [[The Times]]| access-date = 3 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | newspaper=[[The Guardian]] | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/sep/04/cambodia-daily-shuts-with-dictatorship-parting-shot-at-prime-minister-hun-sen | date=4 September 2017 | title=Cambodia Daily shuts with 'dictatorship' parting shot at prime minister Hun Sen | access-date=14 May 2022 | agency=Reuters}}</ref> and the sale of ''[[The Phnom Penh Post]]'' to a close ally of the Hun Sen administration in 2018.<ref>{{cite web | website=[[Lowy Institute]] | url=https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/courageous-voice-truth-silenced-cambodia | first=Milton | last=Osborne | date=11 May 2018 | title=Courageous voice for truth silenced in Cambodia | access-date=14 May 2022 | author-link=Milton Osborne}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| last = Parkhouse| first = Alan| date = 7 May 2018| title = New start or sad end for Cambodia's last free newspaper?| url = https://asiatimes.com/2018/05/new-start-or-sad-end-for-cambodias-last-free-newspaper/| work = [[Asia Times]]| access-date = 3 December 2020}}</ref> | * In Cambodia, the [[Hun Sen]] administration forced both of Cambodia's newspapers of record out of business using contrived tax fines that resulted in the closure of ''[[The Cambodia Daily]]'' in 2017,<ref>{{cite news| last = Philp| first = Catherine| date = 5 November 2017| title = Cambodia Daily survived tanks but not descent into outright dictatorship| url = https://www.thetimes.com/world/article/cambodia-daily-survived-tanks-but-not-descent-into-outright-dictatorship-vggtht07b| work = [[The Times]]| access-date = 3 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | newspaper=[[The Guardian]] | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/sep/04/cambodia-daily-shuts-with-dictatorship-parting-shot-at-prime-minister-hun-sen | date=4 September 2017 | title=Cambodia Daily shuts with 'dictatorship' parting shot at prime minister Hun Sen | access-date=14 May 2022 | agency=Reuters}}</ref> and the sale of ''[[The Phnom Penh Post]]'' to a close ally of the Hun Sen administration in 2018.<ref>{{cite web | website=[[Lowy Institute]] | url=https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/courageous-voice-truth-silenced-cambodia | first=Milton | last=Osborne | date=11 May 2018 | title=Courageous voice for truth silenced in Cambodia | access-date=14 May 2022 | author-link=Milton Osborne | archive-date=3 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703070021/https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/courageous-voice-truth-silenced-cambodia | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news| last = Parkhouse| first = Alan| date = 7 May 2018| title = New start or sad end for Cambodia's last free newspaper?| url = https://asiatimes.com/2018/05/new-start-or-sad-end-for-cambodias-last-free-newspaper/| work = [[Asia Times]]| access-date = 3 December 2020}}</ref> | ||
* Latvian newspaper ''[[Diena]]'' saw its established status as a newspaper of record diminish after a 2010 takeover, with the ''Historical Dictionary of Latvia'' (2017) listing it as "holding tenuously to a popular newspaper-of-record sentiment at home and abroad" due to "questions of ownership and if said owners influence newspaper content".<ref | * Latvian newspaper ''[[Diena]]'' saw its established status as a newspaper of record diminish after a 2010 takeover, with the ''Historical Dictionary of Latvia'' (2017) listing it as "holding tenuously to a popular newspaper-of-record sentiment at home and abroad" due to "questions of ownership and if said owners influence newspaper content".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Plakans |first1=Andrejs |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YbmnDgAAQBAJ |title=Historical Dictionary of Latvia |last2=Purs |first2=Aldis |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-5381-0220-6 |edition=3rd |page=90 |author-link1=Andrejs Plakans}}</ref> | ||
* ''[[Népszabadság]]'', Hungary's ''de facto'' newspaper of record, ceased publication in 2016 due to political and financial pressure.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/12/world/europe/hungary-newspaper-nepszabadsag.html|title=Newspaper Closes in Hungary, and Hungarians See Government's Hand|last=Bienvenu|first=Helene|date=2016-10-11|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2016-10-15}}</ref> | * ''[[Népszabadság]]'', Hungary's ''de facto'' newspaper of record, ceased publication in 2016 due to political and financial pressure.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/12/world/europe/hungary-newspaper-nepszabadsag.html|title=Newspaper Closes in Hungary, and Hungarians See Government's Hand|last=Bienvenu|first=Helene|date=2016-10-11|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2016-10-15|archive-date=16 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016060949/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/12/world/europe/hungary-newspaper-nepszabadsag.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Latest revision as of 15:56, 29 December 2025
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "For". Template:Use dmy dates
A newspaper of record is a major national newspaper with large circulation whose editorial and news-gathering functions are considered authoritative and independent; they are thus "newspapers of record by reputation" and include some of the oldest and most widely respected newspapers in the world. The number and trend of "newspapers of record by reputation" is related to the state of press freedom and political freedom in a country.[1][2]
It may also be a newspaper authorized to publish public or legal notices, thus serving as a newspaper of public record. A newspaper whose editorial content is directed by the state can be referred to as an official newspaper of record, but the lack of editorial independence means that it is not a "newspaper of record by reputation". Newspapers of record by reputation that focus on business can also be called newspapers of financial record.[1][2]
Newspapers of public record
A "newspaper of public record", or government gazette, refers to a publicly available newspaper that is authorized by a government to publish public or legal notices.[3] It is often established by statute or official action and publication of notices within it, whether by the government or a private party, is considered sufficient to comply with legal requirements for public notice.[4] Such gazettes may have minimal or no editorial content (opinion articles), and are focused on public notification of state services and state decisions; an example is Latvia's Latvijas Vēstnesis.[5]
In some jurisdictions, privately owned newspapers may register with the government to publish public and legal notices, or be otherwise eligible to publish such notices (terms used may include "newspaper of general circulation" among others).[6][7][8] Likewise, a private newspaper may be designated by the courts for publication of legal notices, such as notices of fictitious business names, if judicial and statutory standards are met.[9][10] These are sometimes called "legally adjudicated newspapers".[11]
Government organs
The term "newspapers of public record" can also denote those owned and operated by a government that directs their entire editorial content. Such newspapers, while pejoratively termed "state mouthpieces", can also be called "official newspapers of record", independently of whether they publish legal notices – distinguishing them from a gazette whose primary role is to publish notices, as their entire content represents the official view and doctrine of the state. This kind of official newspaper is distinct from newspapers of record by reputation, and is liable to fail the reputation criterion due to its governmental control. The word "official" can be used to distinguish them from "newspapers of record by reputation". Examples include Russia's Rossiyskaya Gazeta,[12] North Korea's Rodong Sinmun,[13] and China's People's Daily.[14]
Newspapers of record by reputation
The second type of "newspaper of record" (also "journal of record", or in French Script error: No such module "Lang".) is not defined by formal criteria, and its characteristics vary. The category comprises newspapers that are considered to meet high standards of journalism, including editorial independence (particularly from the government and from its owners), accountability (mistakes are acknowledged), attention to detail and accuracy, and comprehensiveness and balance of coverage;[15] they are regarded internationally (as well as in their own country/region) by major global outlets.[16][17]
Despite changes in society, newspapers of record by reputation have historically tended to maintain a similar tone, coverage, style, and traditions; many are over a century old and some over two centuries old (e.g., Neue Zürcher Zeitung, The Times, The Guardian, Script error: No such module "Lang"., and The Sydney Morning Herald).[16] Newspapers of record by reputation can be respected for the accuracy and quality of their reporting and still be either ideologically conservative (e.g., The Wall Street Journal and The Telegraph) or ideologically liberal (e.g., The Washington Post and The Guardian).[18]
Although many countries are proud of their newspapers of record by reputation, in some countries they face an openly hostile state or political system that tries to suppress their press freedoms. Examples include Turkey's Cumhuriyet, where many of the staff have been imprisoned;[19] Panama's La Prensa, where staff have been shot and the owners forced into exile;[20] and Venezuela's El Nacional,[21] which was forced out of print when the state seized its assets (see examples of fallen newspapers of record).[22]
Etymology
The term is believed to have originated among librarians who began referring to The New York Times as the "newspaper of record" when it became the first U.S. newspaper in 1913 to publish an index of the subjects it covered.[18][23] In recognition of that usage, The New York Times held an essay contest in 1927 in which entrants had to demonstrate "The Value of The New York Times Index and Files as a Newspaper of Record". The New York Times, and other newspapers of its type sought to chronicle events, acting as a record of the day's announcements, schedules, directories, proceedings, transcripts, and appointments. By 2004, The New York Times no longer considered itself a newspaper of record in the original, literal sense.[24]
Over time, historians relied on The New York Times and similar titles as a reliable archival and historical record of significant past events, and a gauge of societal opinions at the time of printing. The term "newspaper of record" evolved from its original literal sense to that newer meaning.[23]
The derived term "financial (or business) newspaper of record" is attributed to The Wall Street Journal,[25][26] the Financial Times,[27] and to the Nihon Keizai Shimbun (Nikkei).[28] While newspapers of record by reputation are typically major widely-read national (and international) publications, subject-specific newspapers of record also exist (see examples of subject-specific newspapers of record).
Examples of existing newspapers
| Country | Region | Logo | Name | City of publication | Founded | Language | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Flagicon Argentina | South America | Script error: No such module "sort". | La Nación | Buenos Aires | 1870 | Spanish | [21][29][30] |
| Template:Flagicon Australia | Oceania | Script error: No such module "sort". | The Age | Melbourne | 1854 | English | [15][18] |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | The Sydney Morning Herald | Sydney | 1831 | [31][15][18] | |||
| Template:Flagicon Austria | Central Europe | Script error: No such module "sort". | Die Presse | Vienna | 1848Template:Efn | German | [32] |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | Der Standard | 1988 | [33] | ||||
| Template:Flagicon Bahamas | North America | Script error: No such module "sort". | The Nassau Guardian | Nassau | 1844 | English | [34] |
| Template:Flagicon Bangladesh | South Asia | File:Logo of The Daily Star.svg | The Daily Star | Dhaka | 2004 | English | [35][36] |
| Template:Flagicon Belgium | West Europe | Script error: No such module "sort". | Le Soir | Brussels | 1887 | French | [37] |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | De Standaard | Groot-Bijgaarden | 1918 | Dutch | [38] | ||
| Template:Flagicon Bolivia | South America | Script error: No such module "sort". | El Diario | La Paz | 1904 | Spanish | [39] |
| Template:Flagicon Brazil | South America | Script error: No such module "sort". | O Estado de S. Paulo | São Paulo | 1875 | Portuguese | [40][41] |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | Folha de S.Paulo | 1921 | [42] | ||||
| Script error: No such module "sort". | O Globo | Rio de Janeiro | 1925 | [21] | |||
| Template:Flagicon Canada | North America | Script error: No such module "sort". | Le Devoir | Montreal | 1910 | French | [43] |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | La Presse | 1884 | [44][45] | ||||
| Script error: No such module "sort". | The Globe and Mail | Toronto | 1844Template:Efn | English | [46][47][48][49][18] | ||
| Template:Flagicon Chile | South America | Script error: No such module "sort". | El Mercurio | Santiago | 1900Template:Efn | Spanish | [21][50] |
| Template:Flagicon Colombia | South America | Script error: No such module "sort". | El Tiempo | Bogotá | 1911 | Spanish | [21][51][52] |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | El Espectador | Bogotá | 1887[53] | Spanish | [54][55][56] | ||
| Template:Flagicon Costa Rica | Central America | Script error: No such module "sort". | La Nación | San José | 1946 | Spanish | [57][58][59] |
| Template:Flagicon Czech Republic | Central Europe | Script error: No such module "sort". | Lidové noviny | Prague | 1893 | Czech | [60] |
| Template:Flagicon Denmark | North Europe | Script error: No such module "sort". | Berlingske | Copenhagen | 1749Template:Efn | Danish | [61][62][63] |
| Template:Flagicon Dominican Republic | North America | Script error: No such module "sort". | Listín Diario | Santo Domingo | 1889 | Spanish | [64][65] |
| Template:Flagicon Ecuador | South America | Script error: No such module "sort". | El Comercio | Quito | 1921 | Spanish | [21][66][67] |
| Template:Flagicon Egypt | North Africa | Script error: No such module "sort". | Al-Ahram | Cairo | 1875 | Arabic | [68][69][70] |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | Al-Masry Al-Youm | 2004 | [71] | ||||
| Template:Flagicon Finland | North Europe | Script error: No such module "sort". | Helsingin Sanomat | Helsinki | 1889 | Finnish | [61][72] |
| Template:Flagicon France | West Europe | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Paris | 1826Template:Efn | French | [73][74][75] |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | Libération | 1973 | [73][76] | ||||
| Script error: No such module "sort". | Le Monde | 1944Template:Efn | [73][77][78][75] | ||||
| Template:Flagicon Germany | West Europe | Script error: No such module "sort". | Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung | Frankfurt | 1949Template:Efn | German | [79][80][50] |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | Süddeutsche Zeitung | Munich | 1945 | [79][81] | |||
| Script error: No such module "sort". | Die Welt | Berlin | 1946 | [82] | |||
| Script error: No such module "sort". | Die Zeit | Hamburg | 1946 | [81][75] | |||
| Template:Flagicon Greece | South Europe | Script error: No such module "sort". | Kathimerini | Athens | 1919 | Greek | [83][84] |
| Template:Flagicon Guatemala | North America | Script error: No such module "sort". | Prensa Libre | Guatemala City | 1951 | Spanish | [85] |
| Template:Flagicon Haiti | North America | Script error: No such module "sort". | Le Nouvelliste | Port-au-Prince | 1898 | French | [86][87] |
| Template:Flagicon Hong Kong | East Asia | Script error: No such module "sort". | South China Morning Post | Hong Kong | 1903 | English | [88][89] |
| Template:Flagicon Iceland | North Europe | Script error: No such module "sort". | Morgunblaðið | Reykjavík | 1913 | Icelandic | [90][91] |
| Template:Flagicon India | South Asia | Script error: No such module "sort". | The Hindu | Chennai | 1878 | English | [92][93] |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | The Times of India | Mumbai | 1838Template:Efn | [18][94][15] | |||
| Template:Flagicon Indonesia | Southeast Asia | Script error: No such module "sort". | Kompas | Jakarta | 1965 | Indonesian | [95][96] |
| Template:Flagicon Iran | West Asia | Script error: No such module "sort". | Ettela'at | Tehran | 1926 | Persian | [97][98] |
| Template:Flagicon Ireland | North Europe | Script error: No such module "sort". | The Irish Times | Dublin | 1859 | English | [99][15][100] |
| Template:Flagicon Israel | West Asia | Script error: No such module "sort". | Haaretz | Tel Aviv | 1919 | Hebrew and English | [101][102][103][104][18] |
| Template:Flagicon Italy | South Europe | Script error: No such module "sort". | Corriere della Sera | Milan | 1876 | Italian | [105][106][107][75] |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | la Repubblica | Rome | 1976 | [107] | |||
| Il Sole 24 Ore | Il Sole 24 Ore | Milan | 1965 | [108] | |||
| Script error: No such module "sort". | La Stampa | Turin | 1867 | [109][75] | |||
| Script error: No such module "sort". | Il Messaggero | Rome | 1878 | [110] | |||
| Template:Flagicon Jamaica | North America | Script error: No such module "sort". | The Gleaner | Kingston | 1834 | English | [111][112] |
| Template:Flagicon Japan | East Asia | Script error: No such module "sort". | The Asahi Shimbun | Osaka | 1879 | Japanese and English | [113][114][115] |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | Nihon Keizai Shimbun (Nikkei) | Tokyo | 1876 | [28] | |||
| Script error: No such module "sort". | Yomiuri Shimbun | 1874 | [116] | ||||
| Script error: No such module "sort". | Mainichi Shimbun | 1872 | [117] | ||||
| Template:Flagicon Kenya | East Africa | Script error: No such module "sort". | Daily Nation | Nairobi | 1960Template:Efn | English | [118][119][120] |
| Template:Flagicon Lebanon | West Asia | Script error: No such module "sort". | An-Nahar | Beirut | 1933 | Arabic | [121] |
| Template:Flagicon Malaysia | Southeast Asia | Script error: No such module "sort". | New Straits TimesTemplate:Efn | Kuala Lumpur | 1965Template:Efn | English | [122][123][124] |
| Template:Flagicon Mexico | North America | Script error: No such module "sort". | Excélsior | Mexico City | 1917 | Spanish | [125] |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | Reforma | 1993 | [21] | ||||
| Template:Flagicon Netherlands | West Europe | Script error: No such module "sort". | NRC | Amsterdam | 1970Template:Efn | Dutch | [126] |
| Template:Flagicon New Zealand | Oceania | Script error: No such module "sort". | The New Zealand Herald | Auckland | 1863 | English | [15][127] |
| Template:Flagicon Nigeria | West Africa | Script error: No such module "sort". | The Guardian | Lagos | 1983 | English | [128][129][130] |
| Template:Flagicon North Korea | East Asia | Script error: No such module "sort". | Rodong Sinmun | Pyongyang | 1945 | Korean | [131] |
| Template:Flagicon Norway | North Europe | Script error: No such module "sort". | Aftenposten | Oslo | 1860 | Norwegian (Riksmål) |
[61][132] |
| Template:Flagicon Pakistan | South Asia | Script error: No such module "sort". | Dawn | Karachi | 1941 | English | [133][134][135] |
| South Asia | File:Daily Jang logo (2024).png | Jang | Karachi | 1939 | Urdu | [136][137] | |
| Template:Flagicon Panama | North America | Script error: No such module "sort". | La Prensa | Panama City | 1980 | Spanish | [138][139][20] |
| Template:Flagicon Paraguay | South America | Script error: No such module "sort". | ABC Color | Asunción | 1967 | Spanish | [140] |
| Template:Flagicon Peru | South America | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Lima | 1839 | Spanish | [21] |
| Template:Flagicon Philippines | Southeast Asia | Script error: No such module "sort". | Philippine Daily Inquirer | Makati | 1985 | English | [141][142] |
| Template:Flagicon Poland | Central Europe | Script error: No such module "sort". | Gazeta Wyborcza | Warsaw | 1989 | Polish | [143][144] |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | Rzeczpospolita | 1920Template:Efn | [143][145] | ||||
| Template:Flagicon Portugal | South Europe | Script error: No such module "sort". | Diário de Notícias | Lisbon | 1864 | Portuguese | [146][147] |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | Público | Lisbon | 1990 | [148][149][150] | |||
| Template:Flagicon Republic of the Congo | Central Africa | La Semaine Africaine | Brazzaville | 1952 | French | [151][152] | |
| Template:Flagicon Romania | Southern Europe | Script error: No such module "sort". | Adevărul | Bucharest | 1871 | Romanian | [153][154][155] |
| Template:Flagicon Serbia | South Europe | Script error: No such module "sort". | Danas | Belgrade | 1997 | Serbian | [156] |
| Template:Flagicon Singapore | Southeast Asia | Script error: No such module "sort". | The Straits TimesTemplate:Efn | Singapore | 1845 | English | [122][123][157] |
| Template:Flagicon South Africa | South Africa | Script error: No such module "sort". | Mail & Guardian | Johannesburg | 1985 | English | [158][159] |
| Template:Flagicon South Korea | East Asia | Script error: No such module "sort". | The Chosun Ilbo | Seoul | 1920 | Korean | [160] |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | The Dong-A Ilbo | 1920 | [160] | ||||
| Script error: No such module "sort". | JoongAng Ilbo | 1965 | [160] | ||||
| Template:Flagicon Spain | South Europe | Script error: No such module "sort". | La Vanguardia | Barcelona | 1881 | Spanish | [161] |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | ABC | Madrid | 1903 | [162][163] | |||
| Script error: No such module "sort". | El Mundo | 1989 | [164][75] | ||||
| Script error: No such module "sort". | El País | 1976 | [165][166][75] | ||||
| Template:Flagicon Sweden | North Europe | Script error: No such module "sort". | Dagens Nyheter | Stockholm | 1864 | Swedish | [61][167] |
| Template:Flagicon Switzerland | West Europe | Script error: No such module "sort". | Neue Zürcher Zeitung | Zurich | 1780 | German | [168][169][170][75] |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | Le Temps | Geneva | 1998Template:Efn | French | [171][170][172] | ||
| Template:Flagicon Thailand | Southeast Asia | Script error: No such module "sort". | Bangkok Post | Bangkok | 1946 | English | [173][174][175][176] |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | The Nation | 1971 | [177] | ||||
| Template:Flagicon Trinidad and Tobago | North America | Script error: No such module "sort". | Trinidad and Tobago Guardian | Port of Spain | 1917 | English | [178][179] |
| Template:Flagicon Turkey | West Asia | Script error: No such module "sort". | Cumhuriyet | Istanbul | 1924 | Turkish | [19] |
| Template:Flagicon United Kingdom | North Europe | Script error: No such module "sort". | The Daily Telegraph | London | 1855 | English | [15][180][18] |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | Financial Times | 1888 | [15][18][27][75] | ||||
| Script error: No such module "sort". | The Guardian | 1821Template:Efn | [18][75][94] | ||||
| Script error: No such module "sort". | The Times | 1785Template:Efn | [180][15][18] | ||||
| Template:Flagicon United States | North America | Script error: No such module "sort". | Los Angeles Times | Los Angeles | 1881 | English | [15][18] |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | The New York Times | New York City | 1851 | [15][18][181][182] | |||
| Script error: No such module "sort". | The Wall Street Journal | 1889 | [15][18][75][183] | ||||
| Script error: No such module "sort". | The Washington Post | Washington, D.C. | 1877 | [15][18][75][183] | |||
| Template:Flagicon Vatican City | South Europe | Script error: No such module "sort". | L'Osservatore Romano | Rome | 1861 | Italian, English, French, Spanish, German, Polish, and Portuguese | [184][185] |
.png){kind=link}
Examples of fallen newspapers
Over time, some established newspapers of record by reputation have lost their status due to financial collapse, take-over or merger by another entity that did not have the same standards or allowed increased government control and suppression of the paper's editorial independence. The existence of newspapers of record by reputation is an aspect of the level of press freedom and political freedom in a country, with major first-world democracies having several such newspapers (e.g. United States, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Canada, Italy and Japan); in contrast, countries that have seen a decline in their newspapers of record by reputation can represent a decline in levels of personal and political freedom (e.g. Zimbabwe, Venezuela, and Cambodia).[1]
Examples include:
- Zimbabwe's The Herald, lost its status as an established newspaper of record when it was eventually taken over by Robert Mugabe's Zanu-PF party.[186]
- Venezuela's newspaper of record, El Nacional,[21] was forced out of print by the state in 2018, and its headquarters was given to a high-ranking official.[22]
- London-based pan-Arab newspaper of record, Al-Hayat, ceased in 2020 due to financial and political pressures.[187][188]
- In Cambodia, the Hun Sen administration forced both of Cambodia's newspapers of record out of business using contrived tax fines that resulted in the closure of The Cambodia Daily in 2017,[189][190] and the sale of The Phnom Penh Post to a close ally of the Hun Sen administration in 2018.[191][192]
- Latvian newspaper Diena saw its established status as a newspaper of record diminish after a 2010 takeover, with the Historical Dictionary of Latvia (2017) listing it as "holding tenuously to a popular newspaper-of-record sentiment at home and abroad" due to "questions of ownership and if said owners influence newspaper content".[193]
- Népszabadság, Hungary's de facto newspaper of record, ceased publication in 2016 due to political and financial pressure.[194]
See also
- Freedom of the press
- Grupo de Diarios América
- List of national newspapers
- List of government gazettes
- Weekly newspaper
Notes
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ See, for example, L.N. 362 of 1997 of The Government of The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Gazette
- ↑ For example, see Texas Local Government Code - Section 52.004. Official Newspaper Template:Webarchive
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ See, e.g., Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".: "The dean of Dominican newspapers is Listín Diario, founded in 1889 and still the most-read newspaper in the country, with a reported circulation of 88,000."
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".: "Some elite dailies are over a century old and have established global reputations for journalistic excellence. Some of the more venerable are La Prensa (1869) and La Nación (1870) of Buenos Aires, Argentina; O Estado de São Paulo (1875) of São Paulo, Brazil; Jornal do Brasil (1891) and O Globo (1925) of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Listín Diario (1889) of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic; El Mercurio (1900) of Santiago, Chile; El Comercio (1839) of Lima, Peru; El Universal (1916) and Excélsior (1936) of Mexico City; El Tiempo (1911) of Bogotá, Colombia; El Universal (1909) and El Nacional (1943) of Caracas, Venezuela; El Telégrafo (1884) of Guayaquil and El Comercio (1921) of Quito, Ecuador; El Diario (1904) of La Paz, Bolivia; and La Prensa Libre (1889) and La Nación (1946) of San José, Costa Rica."
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ "Le Monde, whose print edition comes out around lunchtime, was launched at the end of Nazi occupation of France in 1944 and took on the role of France's newspaper of record alongside the more conservative Le Figaro." - France's Le Monde newspaper editor quits after power struggle with staff Template:Webarchive, Reuters, 14 May 2014
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Cbignore
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ The Quality of the Media, Template:Webarchive, main findings, Research Department on Public Opinion and Society (FÖG) of the University of Zurich, 2012.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Template:Cite thesis
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Works cited
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
Script error: No such module "Navbox".