Notobranchaeidae: Difference between revisions

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The '''Notobranchaeidae''', or "naked sea butterflies", are a [[Taxonomy (biology)|taxonomic]] [[Family (biology)|family]] of floating sea [[Slug|slugs]], specifically under the subclass [[Opisthobranchia|Opistobranchia]], also called "[[sea angels]]".<ref>{{Cite thesis |title=Opisthobranchia: A taxonomic and biological review with emphasis on the families Chromodorididae and Phyllidiidae together with field notes from South East Sulawesi, Indonesia|last=Karlsson|first=Lars|publisher=University of Linköping |type=Undergraduate thesis in biology}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Spoel|first1=S. van der|last2=Pafort-Van Iersel|first2=T.|date=1985|title=Note on the taxonomy of the family Notobranchaeidae and description of Notobranchaea bleekerae n. sp., a species new to science (Gastropoda, Pteropoda)|journal=Basteria|volume=49|pages=29–36}}</ref>
The '''Notobranchaeidae''', or "naked sea butterflies", are a [[Taxonomy (biology)|taxonomic]] [[Family (biology)|family]] of floating sea [[Slug|slugs]], specifically under the subclass [[Opisthobranchia|Opistobranchia]], also called "[[sea angels]]".<ref>{{Cite thesis |title=Opisthobranchia: A taxonomic and biological review with emphasis on the families Chromodorididae and Phyllidiidae together with field notes from South East Sulawesi, Indonesia|last=Karlsson|first=Lars|publisher=University of Linköping |type=Undergraduate thesis in biology}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Spoel|first1=S. van der|last2=Pafort-Van Iersel|first2=T.|date=1985|title=Note on the taxonomy of the family Notobranchaeidae and description of Notobranchaea bleekerae n. sp., a species new to science (Gastropoda, Pteropoda)|journal=Basteria|volume=49|pages=29–36}}</ref>


Similar to other [[Pteropoda|Pteropods]], these [[pelagic]] [[Marine (ocean)|marine]] [[Heterobranchia|heterobranch]] [[gastropod]] [[Mollusk|mollusks]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Burridge|first1=Alice|last2=Hörnlein|first2=Christine|last3=Janssen|first3=Arie|last4=Hughes|first4=Martin|last5=Bush|first5=Stephanie |display-authors=etal |date=June 2017|title=Time-calibrated molecular phylogeny of pteropods|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=12|issue=6|pages=e0177325|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0177325|pmid=28604805|pmc=5467808|bibcode=2017PLoSO..1277325B|id={{ProQuest|1908757804}}|doi-access=free}}</ref> are [[Holoplankton|holoplanktonic]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Angulo-Campillo|first1=Orso|last2=Aceves-Medina|first2=Gerardo|last3=Avedaño-Ibarra|first3=Raymundo|date=2011|title=Holoplanktonic mollusks (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from the Gulf of California, México|journal=Check List|volume=7|issue=3|pages=337–342|doi=10.15560/7.3.337 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Sanvicente|first=Laura|date=2014|title=The holoplanktonic Mollusca from the southern Gulf of Mexico Part 2: pteropods|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277597544|journal=Cahiers de Biologie Marine|volume=55|pages=241–258|via=ResearchGate}}</ref>
Similar to other [[Pteropoda|Pteropods]], these [[pelagic]] [[Marine (ocean)|marine]] [[Heterobranchia|heterobranch]] [[gastropod]] [[Mollusk|mollusks]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Burridge|first1=Alice|last2=Hörnlein|first2=Christine|last3=Janssen|first3=Arie|last4=Hughes|first4=Martin|last5=Bush|first5=Stephanie |display-authors=etal |date=June 2017|title=Time-calibrated molecular phylogeny of pteropods|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=12|issue=6|article-number=e0177325|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0177325|pmid=28604805|pmc=5467808|bibcode=2017PLoSO..1277325B|id={{ProQuest|1908757804}}|doi-access=free}}</ref> are [[Holoplankton|holoplanktonic]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Angulo-Campillo|first1=Orso|last2=Aceves-Medina|first2=Gerardo|last3=Avedaño-Ibarra|first3=Raymundo|date=2011|title=Holoplanktonic mollusks (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from the Gulf of California, México|journal=Check List|volume=7|issue=3|pages=337–342|doi=10.15560/7.3.337 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Sanvicente|first=Laura|date=2014|title=The holoplanktonic Mollusca from the southern Gulf of Mexico Part 2: pteropods|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277597544|journal=Cahiers de Biologie Marine|volume=55|pages=241–258|via=ResearchGate}}</ref>


==Morphology==
==Morphology==
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[[Category:Notobranchaeidae| ]]
[[Category:Euopisthobranchia]]
[[Category:Gastropod families]]
[[Category:Gastropod genera]]
[[Category:Gastropod genera]]

Latest revision as of 23:06, 14 November 2025

Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox

The Notobranchaeidae, or "naked sea butterflies", are a taxonomic family of floating sea slugs, specifically under the subclass Opistobranchia, also called "sea angels".[1][2]

Similar to other Pteropods, these pelagic marine heterobranch gastropod mollusks[3] are holoplanktonic.[4][5]

Morphology

While they are not particularly strong swimmers, the foot of these organisms is modified into wing-like structures, called parapodia that they employ for locomotion.[5] Additionally, like other Pteropods of the order Gymnosomata,[6] Notobrachaeidae lack shells entirely as adults.[7][8] However, they do possess a shell earlier on in their lives.[8] They are also defined by how they possess a posterior gill, strong jaws, grasping tentacles that frequently possess suckers resembling those of cephalopods, and usually buccal cones as well.[9]

Behavior

Like other members of the clade Gymnosomata, Notobrachaeidae are highly specialized holoplanktonic carnivores.[10] In other words, they spend their entire lives hunting in the water column and cannot swim against the column.[10] Also like other members of this clade, Notobrachaeidae feed are very specific prey, with a species in this clade usually specializing in hunting one specific genus of thecosomes, which are also known as "sea butterflies," and form a sister clade to Gymnosomata with the primary difference being how adults of that clade possess shells into adulthood while Gymnosomata do not.[8][10]

Distribution

Members of this family are found globally throughout the upper reaches of the water column, in the pelagic zone, most commonly the epipelagic zone.[8] Following the trend of Pteropods in general, they tend to have the highest species diversity tropical and subtropical latitudes but are less abundant under these conditions.[8] Conversely, they are more abundant but possess less variety in terms of species closer to the north and south poles.[8] However, even in the tropics, they generally appear in high concentrations, resulting in their frequently playing important roles in planktonic food webs.[4][5][11]

Genera and species

Genera and species in the family Notobranchaeidae include:

Genus: Notobranchaea Pelseneer, 1886

Genera brought into synonymy
  • Microdonta Bonnevie, 1913: synonym of Notobranchaea Pelseneer, 1886 (invalid: junior homonym of Microdonta Dejean, 1835 [Coleoptera]; Schleschia is a replacement name)
  • Prionoglossa Tesch, 1950: synonym of Notobranchaea Pelseneer, 1886
  • Schleschia Strand, 1932: synonym of Notobranchaea Pelseneer, 1886

References

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  1. ↑ Template:Cite thesis
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  4. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ a b c d e f Pierrot-Bults, Annelies & Peijnenburg, K. (2015). Pteropods. Encyclopedia of marine geosciences. 1-10.
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ a b c Lemus, E., Sanvicente-Añorve, L., Hermoso-Salazar, M, Flores-Coto, C. (2014). "The holoplanktonic Mollusca from the southern Gulf of Mexico Part 2: pteropods" (PDF). Cahiers de Biologie Marine. 55: 241–258 – via ResearchGate.
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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  • Bouchet, P., Rocroi, J.-P. (2005). Classification and nomenclature of gastropod families. Malacologia. 47(1-2): 1-397 Template:ISBN.
  • MolluscaBase (2019). MolluscaBase. Notobranchaeidae Pelseneer, 1886. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=23080 on 2019-04-16
  • Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca. in: Costello, M. J. et al. (eds), European Register of Marine Species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Patrimoines Naturels. 50: 180-213

External links

Template:Taxonbar

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