Pygoscelis: Difference between revisions
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|size= | |size= length of {{Convert|70|to|90|cm|abbr = on}}, with weight of {{Convert|4.5 - 8.5|kg|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pygoscelis_papua.html|title=''Pygoscelis papua'' (gentoo penguin)|website=Animal Diversity Web}}</ref> | ||
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Latest revision as of 16:53, 4 July 2025
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Italic title". Template:Automatic taxobox The genus Pygoscelis ("rump-legged") contains three living species of penguins collectively known as "brush-tailed penguins".[1]
Taxonomy
Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA evidence suggests the genus split from other penguins around 38 million years ago, about 2 million years after the ancestors of the genus Aptenodytes. In turn, the Adelie penguins split off from the other members of the genus around 19 million years ago.[2]
- Extant species
Template:Species table/row Template:Species table/end
A 2020 study found that the gentoo penguin may actually comprise a species complex of 4 similar but genetically distinct species: the northern gentoo penguin (P. papua), the southern gentoo penguin (P. ellsworthi), the eastern gentoo penguin (P. taeniata), and the newly-described South Georgia gentoo penguin (P. poncetii).[3][4] However, in 2021 the International Ornithological Congress recognized these as being subspecies of P. papua.[5]
A study has estimated that there are about 3.79 million pairs of Adélie, 387,000 pairs of gentoo, and 8 million pairs of chinstrap penguins in their particular areas,[6] making up 90% of Antarctic avian biomass.[7]
- Fossil species
- Pygoscelis grandis (Bahía Inglesa Formation, Late Miocene/Early Pliocene of Bahía Inglesa, Chile)
- Pygoscelis calderensis (Bahía Inglesa Formation, Late Miocene of Bahía Inglesa, Chile)
- Pygoscelis tyreei (Pliocene of New Zealand)
The latter two are tentatively assigned to this genus.
References
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