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[[Image:A 4 Litre Cask of Australian White Wine.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1|A 4-litre cask of Australian [[white wine]]]] | [[Image:A 4 Litre Cask of Australian White Wine.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1|A 4-litre cask of Australian [[white wine]]]] | ||
'''Boxed wine''' | '''Boxed wine''', also known as '''cask wine, bag-in-box wine,''' or '''goon''', is any [[wine]] that is sold in [[bag-in-box]] packaging. The wine is stored in a strong, flexible [[Plastic bag|bag]] made of synthetic plastic films which is held within in a [[Corrugated fiberboard|corrugated cardboard]] box, with a one-way plastic valve for dispensing the wine.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Thompson-Witrick |first1=Katherine A. |last2=Pitts |first2=Eric R. |last3=Nemenyi |first3=John L. |last4=Budner |first4=Drew |date=2021-06-07 |title=The Impact Packaging Type Has on the Flavor of Wine |journal=Beverages |language=en |volume=7 |issue=2 |page=36 |doi=10.3390/beverages7020036 |issn=2306-5710 |doi-access=free}}</ref> | ||
Boxed wine is generally quite affordable. In Australia, boxed wine is often the cheapest type of alcohol available at liquor stores.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Jiang |first1=Heng |last2=Callinan |first2=Sarah |last3=Livingston |first3=Michael |last4=Room |first4=Robin |date=2017 |title=Off-premise alcohol purchasing in Australia: Variations by age group, income level and annual amount purchased |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/dar.12402 |journal=Drug and Alcohol Review |language=en |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=210–219 |doi=10.1111/dar.12402 |pmid=27219829 |issn=1465-3362}}</ref> | |||
However, there are some negative perceptions associated with boxed wine. Some consider boxed wine to be lower quality compared to bottled wine,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Balassa |first1=Boglárka Eisinger |last2=Koteczki |first2=Réka |last3=Csiba-Herczeg |first3=Ágnes |date=2025-01-02 |title=Traditional or alternative wine packaging: a study of consumer choices and perceptions |journal=International Journal of Urban Sciences |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=314–331 |doi=10.1080/12265934.2025.2452498 |bibcode=2025IJUSc..29..314B |issn=1226-5934}}</ref> and that its bag-in-box packaging is unsuitable for wine.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ferrara |first1=Carmen |last2=Zigarelli |first2=Veronica |last3=De Feo |first3=Giovanni |date=2020-10-20 |title=Attitudes of a sample of consumers towards more sustainable wine packaging alternatives |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652620326287 |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=271 |article-number=122581 |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122581 |bibcode=2020JCPro.27122581F |issn=0959-6526|url-access=subscription }}</ref> It has also been suggested that there is a socially determined bias against boxed wine.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Scozzafava |first1=Gabriele |last2=Dominici |first2=Andrea |last3=Canuti |first3=Valentina |last4=Casini |first4=Leonardo |last5=Boncinelli |first5=Fabio |date=2024 |title=Beyond Bottles: Exploring Consumer Perceptions and Preferences for Bag-in-Box Wine Packaging |journal=Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research |language=en |volume=2024 |issue=1 |article-number=9946341 |doi=10.1155/ajgw/9946341 |doi-access=free |issn=1755-0238|hdl=2158/1423297 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> | |||
==History== | ==History== | ||
The process for packaging "cask wine" (boxed wine) was invented by [[Thomas Angove]], a winemaker from [[Renmark, South Australia|Renmark]], [[South Australia]], and patented<ref>{{Cite web |title=IP Australia: AusPat Disclaimer |url=http://pericles.ipaustralia.gov.au/ols/auspat/applicationDetails.do?applicationNo=1964043419 |access-date=2022-07-02 |website=pericles.ipaustralia.gov.au}}</ref> by his company on April 20, 1964.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/eclectic-mix-honoured-on-australia-day-20110126-1a4h9.html |title=Eclectic mix honoured on Australia Day |author1=Crystal Ja |author2=AAP reporters |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=13 September 2009 |access-date=12 March 2012}}</ref> Polyethylene bladders of one [[imperial unit#Volume|gallon]] (4.5 litres) were placed in [[corrugated box]]es for retail sale. The original design required that the consumer cut the corner off the bladder, pour out the serving of wine, and then reseal it with a special peg.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wine cask |url=http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/australia_innovates/?behaviour=view_article&Section_id=1000&article_id=10021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100425140636/http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/australia_innovates/?behaviour=view_article&Section_id=1000&article_id=10021 |archive-date=2010-04-25 |access-date=27 January 2008 |publisher=[[Powerhouse Museum]]}}</ref> This design was based on a product already on the market, a bag in a box used by mechanics to hold and transport battery acid.<ref>{{Cite news | url=http://www.goodgoonguide.com/who-invented-the-wine-cask/| title=Who Invented The Wine Cask (Goon Box)?| date=2017-08-06| work=Good Goon Guide| access-date=2017-08-26| language=en-US}}</ref> | The process for packaging "cask wine" (boxed wine) was invented by [[Thomas Angove]], a winemaker from [[Renmark, South Australia|Renmark]], [[South Australia]], and patented<ref>{{Cite web |title=IP Australia: AusPat Disclaimer |url=http://pericles.ipaustralia.gov.au/ols/auspat/applicationDetails.do?applicationNo=1964043419 |access-date=2022-07-02 |website=pericles.ipaustralia.gov.au}}</ref> by his company on April 20, 1964.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/eclectic-mix-honoured-on-australia-day-20110126-1a4h9.html |title=Eclectic mix honoured on Australia Day |author1=Crystal Ja |author2=AAP reporters |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=13 September 2009 |access-date=12 March 2012}}</ref> Polyethylene bladders of one [[imperial unit#Volume|gallon]] (4.5 litres) were placed in [[corrugated box]]es for retail sale. The original design required that the consumer cut the corner off the bladder, pour out the serving of wine, and then reseal it with a special peg.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wine cask |url=http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/australia_innovates/?behaviour=view_article&Section_id=1000&article_id=10021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100425140636/http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/australia_innovates/?behaviour=view_article&Section_id=1000&article_id=10021 |archive-date=2010-04-25 |access-date=27 January 2008 |publisher=[[Powerhouse Museum]]}}</ref> This design was based on a product already on the market, a bag in a box used by mechanics to hold and transport battery acid.<ref>{{Cite news | url=http://www.goodgoonguide.com/who-invented-the-wine-cask/| title=Who Invented The Wine Cask (Goon Box)?| date=2017-08-06| work=Good Goon Guide| access-date=2017-08-26| language=en-US}}</ref> | ||
In 1967, Australian inventor [[Charles Malpas]] and Penfolds Wines patented a plastic, air-tight [[tap (valve)|tap]] welded to a metallised bladder, making storage more convenient.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flow-tap for bag-in-box packaging patented - Wine History |url=https://winehistory.com.au/wiki/Wine_History/Flow-tap_for_bag-in-box_packaging_patented |access-date=2024-08-04 |website=winehistory.com.au}}</ref> Modern wine casks use plastic taps which can be exposed by tearing away a [[perforation|perforated]] panel on the box. For the following decades, | In 1967, Australian inventor [[Charles Malpas]] and Penfolds Wines patented a plastic, air-tight [[tap (valve)|tap]] welded to a metallised bladder, making storage more convenient.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flow-tap for bag-in-box packaging patented - Wine History |url=https://winehistory.com.au/wiki/Wine_History/Flow-tap_for_bag-in-box_packaging_patented |access-date=2024-08-04 |website=winehistory.com.au}}</ref> Modern wine casks use plastic taps which can be exposed by tearing away a [[perforation|perforated]] panel on the box. For the following decades, bag-in-box packaging was primarily preferred by producers of less expensive wines, as they were cheaper to produce and distribute than glass [[flagon]]s, which served a similar market. | ||
In Australia, due to the difference in how wine is taxed compared to other alcoholic beverages,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Office|first=Australian Taxation|title=Wine equalisation tax|url=https://www.ato.gov.au/Business/Wine-equalisation-tax/?default|access-date=2020-07-15|publisher=Australian Taxation Office|language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Excise rates for alcohol|url=https://www.ato.gov.au/Business/Excise-and-excise-equivalent-goods/Alcohol-excise/Excise-rates-for-alcohol/?default|access-date=2020-07-15|website=www.ato.gov.au|language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The goon show: How the tax system works to subsidise cheap wine and alcohol consumption|url=https://www.tai.org.au/content/goon-show-how-tax-system-works-subsidise-cheap-wine-and-alcohol-consumption-1|access-date=2020-07-15|website=The Australia Institute|date=8 July 2015|language=en}}</ref> boxed wine is often the least expensive form of drinkable alcohol.<ref>{{Cite web|title=r/australia - What are the best options for Cheap Alcohol in australia |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/australia/comments/3eng3o/what_are_the_best_options_for_cheap_alcohol_in/ |access-date=2020-07-15|website=reddit|date=26 July 2015|language=en-US}}</ref> A 4-[[litre]] cask of at least 9.5% alcohol can often be found for around {{AUD|10}}.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sonata Estate Fresh Dry White Cask 4L|url=https://www.danmurphys.com.au/product/DM_772655/sonata-estate-fresh-dry-white-cask-4l|access-date=2020-07-15|website=www.danmurphys.com.au}}</ref> These attributes have led to boxed wine being widely available throughout Australia and holding a prominent place in Australian pop culture.<ref>{{Cite web|title=We Asked Australia's Best Sommelier to Find the Nicest, Cheapest Goon|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/we-asked-australias-best-sommelier-to-find-the-nicest-cheapest-goon/|access-date=2020-07-15|website=Vice |date=11 May 2016 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Prestipino|first=David|date=2014-08-21|title=Yeah, we went there: road testing five Australian cask red wines|url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/yeah-we-went-there-road-testing-five-australian-cask-red-wines-20140822-106tlg.html|access-date=2020-07-15|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en}}</ref> | In Australia, due to the difference in how wine is taxed compared to other alcoholic beverages,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Office|first=Australian Taxation|title=Wine equalisation tax|url=https://www.ato.gov.au/Business/Wine-equalisation-tax/?default|access-date=2020-07-15|publisher=Australian Taxation Office|language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Excise rates for alcohol|url=https://www.ato.gov.au/Business/Excise-and-excise-equivalent-goods/Alcohol-excise/Excise-rates-for-alcohol/?default|access-date=2020-07-15|website=www.ato.gov.au|language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The goon show: How the tax system works to subsidise cheap wine and alcohol consumption|url=https://www.tai.org.au/content/goon-show-how-tax-system-works-subsidise-cheap-wine-and-alcohol-consumption-1|access-date=2020-07-15|website=The Australia Institute|date=8 July 2015|language=en}}</ref> boxed wine is often the least expensive form of drinkable alcohol.<ref>{{Cite web|title=r/australia - What are the best options for Cheap Alcohol in australia |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/australia/comments/3eng3o/what_are_the_best_options_for_cheap_alcohol_in/ |access-date=2020-07-15|website=reddit|date=26 July 2015|language=en-US}}</ref> A 4-[[litre]] cask of at least 9.5% alcohol can often be found for around {{AUD|10}}.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sonata Estate Fresh Dry White Cask 4L|url=https://www.danmurphys.com.au/product/DM_772655/sonata-estate-fresh-dry-white-cask-4l|access-date=2020-07-15|website=www.danmurphys.com.au}}</ref> These attributes have led to boxed wine being widely available throughout Australia and holding a prominent place in Australian pop culture.<ref>{{Cite web|title=We Asked Australia's Best Sommelier to Find the Nicest, Cheapest Goon|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/we-asked-australias-best-sommelier-to-find-the-nicest-cheapest-goon/|access-date=2020-07-15|website=Vice |date=11 May 2016 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Prestipino|first=David|date=2014-08-21|title=Yeah, we went there: road testing five Australian cask red wines|url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/yeah-we-went-there-road-testing-five-australian-cask-red-wines-20140822-106tlg.html|access-date=2020-07-15|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en}}</ref> | ||
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During the mid-1970s, the bag-in-box packaging concept expanded to other beverages, including spring waters, orange juices, and wine coolers. | During the mid-1970s, the bag-in-box packaging concept expanded to other beverages, including spring waters, orange juices, and wine coolers. | ||
In 2003, California [[Central Coast AVA]] based Black Box Wines introduced mass premium wines in a box.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Boxed wine and snobbish notions |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2004-01-07-0401060837-story.html |access-date=2022-07-02 |website=Baltimore Sun|date=7 January 2004 }}</ref> Within the decade, premium wineries and bottlers began packaging their own high-quality boxed wine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-05 |title=Ultrapremium boxed wine? Yes, that's coming to the North Coast |url=https://www.northbaybusinessjournal.com/article/industrynews/rise-of-california-north-coast-ultrapremium-boxed-wine/ |access-date=2022-07-02 |website=The North Bay Business Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> This, coupled with an increased cultural interest in [[sustainable packaging|environmentally sustainable packaging]] | In 2003, California [[Central Coast AVA]]-based Black Box Wines introduced mass premium wines in a box.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Boxed wine and snobbish notions |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2004-01-07-0401060837-story.html |access-date=2022-07-02 |website=Baltimore Sun|date=7 January 2004 }}</ref> Within the decade, premium wineries and bottlers began packaging their own high-quality boxed wine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-05 |title=Ultrapremium boxed wine? Yes, that's coming to the North Coast |url=https://www.northbaybusinessjournal.com/article/industrynews/rise-of-california-north-coast-ultrapremium-boxed-wine/ |access-date=2022-07-02 |website=The North Bay Business Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> This, coupled with an increased cultural interest in [[sustainable packaging|environmentally sustainable packaging]] has cultivated growing popularity with affluent wine consumers.<ref name=tcnyt>{{Cite web |last=Colman |first=Tyler |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/18/opinion/18colman.html |title=Drink Outside the Box |work=The New York Times |date=August 17, 2008}}</ref> | ||
== Attributes == | == Attributes == | ||
Boxed wines utilize plastic bags instead of traditional glass bottles, which significantly reduces production and shipping costs and subsequently makes boxed a more affordable option for consumers. | |||
Typical bag-in-box containers hold one and a half to four 750 | Typical bag-in-box containers hold one and a half to four 750 mL bottles of wine per box, though they come in a wide variety of volumes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Battle of the wines: Boxed vs. bottled |url=https://www.today.com/food/battle-wines-boxed-vs-bottled-wbna24183992 |access-date=2022-07-02 |website=TODAY.com |date=17 April 2008 |language=en}}</ref> Bag-in-box packaging is cheaper and lighter than glass-bottled wine. | ||
The removal of wine from the flexible bag without adding air to fill the vacated space greatly reduces the [[oxidation]] of the wine during dispensing. Compared to [[bottle|bottled wine]], which should be consumed within hours or days of opening, bag-in-box wine will not spoil for approximately 3–4 weeks after breaking the seal, or even longer if the wine is kept [[refrigeration|refrigerated]] after opening. In addition, it is not subject to [[cork taint]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Lonvaud-Funel |first=A. |date=1999 |title=Lactic acid bacteria in the quality improvement and depreciation of wine. |journal=Antonie van Leeuwenhoek |volume=76 |issue=1–4 |pages=317–331 |publisher=Konings W.N., Kuipers O.P., In | The removal of wine from the flexible bag without adding air to fill the vacated space greatly reduces the [[oxidation]] of the wine during dispensing. Compared to [[bottle|bottled wine]], which should be consumed within hours or days of opening, bag-in-box wine will not spoil for approximately 3–4 weeks after breaking the seal, or even longer if the wine is kept [[refrigeration|refrigerated]] after opening. In addition, it is not subject to [[cork taint]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Lonvaud-Funel |first=A. |date=1999 |title=Lactic acid bacteria in the quality improvement and depreciation of wine. |journal=Antonie van Leeuwenhoek |volume=76 |issue=1–4 |pages=317–331 |publisher=Konings W.N., Kuipers O.P., In 't Veld J.H.J.H. (eds) Lactic Acid Bacteria: Genetics, Metabolism and Applications. Springer, Dordrecht|doi=10.1023/A:1002088931106 |pmid=10532386 |s2cid=30267659 }}</ref> Wine contained in plastic bladders is not intended for [[Wine Cellar|cellaring]] and should be consumed within the manufacturer's printed [[shelf life]]. Deterioration may be noticeable 12 months after filling.<ref name="OCW-box">{{cite book |title=The Oxford Companion to Wine |chapter=boxes, wine |url=http://www.winepros.com.au/jsp/cda/reference/oxford_entry.jsp?entry_id=430 |via=winepros.com.au |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905132404/http://www.winepros.com.au/jsp/cda/reference/oxford_entry.jsp?entry_id=430 |archive-date=2008-09-05}}</ref> | ||
===Environmentally friendly=== | ===Environmentally friendly=== | ||
The Scandinavian state institutions [[Systembolaget]] and [[Vinmonopolet]] analyzed the environmental impact of various wine packaging in 2010. Bag-in- | The Scandinavian state institutions [[Systembolaget]] and [[Vinmonopolet]] analyzed the environmental impact of various wine packaging in 2010. Bag-in-box packaging was found to have 12% to 29% of the [[carbon footprint]] of bottled wine and to be superior to bottled wine in every other ecological criterion.<ref>{{Citation|title=Nordic LCA Wine Package Study – Final Report |date=August 2010 |url=https://www.tetrapak.com/content/dam/tetrapak/publicweb/se/sv/sustainability/lca-nordic-wine-2010.pdf|publisher=Systembolaget and Vinmonopolet|access-date=2021-08-04}}</ref> | ||
Tyler Colman from ''[[The New York Times]]'' stated that bag-in-box is more environmentally friendly than bottled wine {{r|tcnyt}} as well as easier to transport and store. | Tyler Colman from ''[[The New York Times]]'' stated that bag-in-box is more environmentally friendly than bottled wine,{{r|tcnyt}} as well as easier to transport and store. | ||
===Health concerns=== | ===Health concerns=== | ||
The introduction of cask wine in the late 1960s has had significant negative consequences. The Australian wine industry has benefited from favorable tax policies, which have led to a substantial increase in both domestic consumption and international exports. | The introduction of cask wine in the late 1960s has had significant negative consequences. The Australian wine industry has benefited from favorable tax policies, which have led to a substantial increase in both domestic consumption and international exports. These developments have accompanied disadvantages with respect to public health and social issues related to increased alcohol accessibility and consumption.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Stockwell |first1=T |last2=Crosbie |first2=D |title=Supply and demand for alcohol in Australia: relationships between industry structures, regulation and the marketplace. |journal=The International Journal on Drug Policy |date=1 July 2001 |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=139–152 |doi=10.1016/s0955-3959(01)00079-2 |pmid=11399417}}</ref> | ||
Some manufacturers are now exploring alternative materials like stainless steel for aesthetic and durability reasons, particularly in premium boxed wine markets.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fordico |title=Future of Box Wine: Exploring Metal Packaging |url=https://www.fordico-oem.com/packaging-tips/future-of-box-wine-exploring-metal-packaging.html |website=Fordico OEM |date=2025-06-26 |access-date=2025-06-26}}</ref> | |||
== Colloquialisms == | == Colloquialisms == | ||
| Line 41: | Line 46: | ||
The word goon is derived from the word [[flagon]], which is a traditional container for retailing inexpensive wine or vinegar. An occasional Australian pronunciation of the word flagon, perhaps with humorous intent, placed emphasis on the second syllable such that flagon came to be pronounced as "fla-goon", which was then shortened to simply "goon".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Macquarie Dictionary |url=https://www.macquariedictionary.com.au/resources/aus/word/map/search/word/goon/The%20Riverina/ |access-date=2022-08-22 |website=www.macquariedictionary.com.au}}</ref> | The word goon is derived from the word [[flagon]], which is a traditional container for retailing inexpensive wine or vinegar. An occasional Australian pronunciation of the word flagon, perhaps with humorous intent, placed emphasis on the second syllable such that flagon came to be pronounced as "fla-goon", which was then shortened to simply "goon".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Macquarie Dictionary |url=https://www.macquariedictionary.com.au/resources/aus/word/map/search/word/goon/The%20Riverina/ |access-date=2022-08-22 |website=www.macquariedictionary.com.au}}</ref> | ||
Additionally, in Australia the term "silverpillow" is used to refer to the habit of inflating the empty bag and using it as a headrest. | Additionally, in Australia the term "silverpillow" is used to refer to the habit of inflating the empty bag and using it as a headrest. It is also known as a cask in some outback areas. | ||
In New Zealand, the term "Château Cardboard", originally a joking reference to the wine's container, has entered the vernacular to refer to box wine.<ref>Campbell, Bob "[https://businessdesk.co.nz/article/the-life/chateau-cardboard-is-boxed-wine-making-a-comeback Chateau Cardboard – is boxed wine making a comeback?]," ''businessdesk.co.nz'', 19 September 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2024.</ref> | In New Zealand, the term "Château Cardboard", originally a joking reference to the wine's container, has entered the vernacular to refer to box wine.<ref>Campbell, Bob "[https://businessdesk.co.nz/article/the-life/chateau-cardboard-is-boxed-wine-making-a-comeback Chateau Cardboard – is boxed wine making a comeback?]," ''businessdesk.co.nz'', 19 September 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2024.</ref> | ||
Latest revision as of 06:36, 5 December 2025
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "redirect hatnote". Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Template:Use dmy dates
Boxed wine, also known as cask wine, bag-in-box wine, or goon, is any wine that is sold in bag-in-box packaging. The wine is stored in a strong, flexible bag made of synthetic plastic films which is held within in a corrugated cardboard box, with a one-way plastic valve for dispensing the wine.[1]
Boxed wine is generally quite affordable. In Australia, boxed wine is often the cheapest type of alcohol available at liquor stores.[2]
However, there are some negative perceptions associated with boxed wine. Some consider boxed wine to be lower quality compared to bottled wine,[3] and that its bag-in-box packaging is unsuitable for wine.[4] It has also been suggested that there is a socially determined bias against boxed wine.[5]
History
The process for packaging "cask wine" (boxed wine) was invented by Thomas Angove, a winemaker from Renmark, South Australia, and patented[6] by his company on April 20, 1964.[7] Polyethylene bladders of one gallon (4.5 litres) were placed in corrugated boxes for retail sale. The original design required that the consumer cut the corner off the bladder, pour out the serving of wine, and then reseal it with a special peg.[8] This design was based on a product already on the market, a bag in a box used by mechanics to hold and transport battery acid.[9]
In 1967, Australian inventor Charles Malpas and Penfolds Wines patented a plastic, air-tight tap welded to a metallised bladder, making storage more convenient.[10] Modern wine casks use plastic taps which can be exposed by tearing away a perforated panel on the box. For the following decades, bag-in-box packaging was primarily preferred by producers of less expensive wines, as they were cheaper to produce and distribute than glass flagons, which served a similar market.
In Australia, due to the difference in how wine is taxed compared to other alcoholic beverages,[11][12][13] boxed wine is often the least expensive form of drinkable alcohol.[14] A 4-litre cask of at least 9.5% alcohol can often be found for around Template:AUD.[15] These attributes have led to boxed wine being widely available throughout Australia and holding a prominent place in Australian pop culture.[16][17]
During the mid-1970s, the bag-in-box packaging concept expanded to other beverages, including spring waters, orange juices, and wine coolers.
In 2003, California Central Coast AVA-based Black Box Wines introduced mass premium wines in a box.[18] Within the decade, premium wineries and bottlers began packaging their own high-quality boxed wine.[19] This, coupled with an increased cultural interest in environmentally sustainable packaging has cultivated growing popularity with affluent wine consumers.[20]
Attributes
Boxed wines utilize plastic bags instead of traditional glass bottles, which significantly reduces production and shipping costs and subsequently makes boxed a more affordable option for consumers.
Typical bag-in-box containers hold one and a half to four 750 mL bottles of wine per box, though they come in a wide variety of volumes.[21] Bag-in-box packaging is cheaper and lighter than glass-bottled wine.
The removal of wine from the flexible bag without adding air to fill the vacated space greatly reduces the oxidation of the wine during dispensing. Compared to bottled wine, which should be consumed within hours or days of opening, bag-in-box wine will not spoil for approximately 3–4 weeks after breaking the seal, or even longer if the wine is kept refrigerated after opening. In addition, it is not subject to cork taint.[22] Wine contained in plastic bladders is not intended for cellaring and should be consumed within the manufacturer's printed shelf life. Deterioration may be noticeable 12 months after filling.[23]
Environmentally friendly
The Scandinavian state institutions Systembolaget and Vinmonopolet analyzed the environmental impact of various wine packaging in 2010. Bag-in-box packaging was found to have 12% to 29% of the carbon footprint of bottled wine and to be superior to bottled wine in every other ecological criterion.[24]
Tyler Colman from The New York Times stated that bag-in-box is more environmentally friendly than bottled wine,Template:R as well as easier to transport and store.
Health concerns
The introduction of cask wine in the late 1960s has had significant negative consequences. The Australian wine industry has benefited from favorable tax policies, which have led to a substantial increase in both domestic consumption and international exports. These developments have accompanied disadvantages with respect to public health and social issues related to increased alcohol accessibility and consumption.[25]
Some manufacturers are now exploring alternative materials like stainless steel for aesthetic and durability reasons, particularly in premium boxed wine markets.[26]
Colloquialisms
In Australia, boxed wine is known colloquially as "goon".[27] The cardboard box is referred to as a "goon box" and the bag within is referred to as a "goon bag". A common Australian drinking game is Goon of Fortune, in which a goon bag is suspended from a Hills Hoist and spun, and whoever it stops on must drink a selected amount of the goon.
The word goon is derived from the word flagon, which is a traditional container for retailing inexpensive wine or vinegar. An occasional Australian pronunciation of the word flagon, perhaps with humorous intent, placed emphasis on the second syllable such that flagon came to be pronounced as "fla-goon", which was then shortened to simply "goon".[28]
Additionally, in Australia the term "silverpillow" is used to refer to the habit of inflating the empty bag and using it as a headrest. It is also known as a cask in some outback areas.
In New Zealand, the term "Château Cardboard", originally a joking reference to the wine's container, has entered the vernacular to refer to box wine.[29]
In Finland, the terms are käsilaukku ("handbag"), humppakuutio ("Humppa Cube") and noppa (dice).
See also
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- Flavored fortified wine
- Goon of Fortune
- Jug wine, inexpensive table wine
- Wine cask
References
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- ↑ Campbell, Bob "Chateau Cardboard – is boxed wine making a comeback?," businessdesk.co.nz, 19 September 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2024.
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