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| settlement_type        = [[Cantons of Switzerland|Canton]]
| settlement_type        = [[Cantons of Switzerland|Canton]]
| anthem                  = ''Hymne vaudois''<br />{{center|("The Vaudese Anthem")}}
| anthem                  = ''Hymne vaudois''<br />{{center|("The Vaudese Anthem")}}
| motto                   = ''Liberté et patrie''<br />{{center|("Freedom and fatherland")}}
| motto = {{force singular}} ''Liberté et patrie''<br />{{center|("Freedom and fatherland")}}
| image_flag              = Flag of Canton of Vaud.svg
| image_flag              = Flag of Canton of Vaud.svg
| image_shield            = Wappen Waadt matt.svg
| image_shield            = Wappen Waadt matt.svg
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| website                = {{URL|https://www.VD.ch}}
| website                = {{URL|https://www.VD.ch}}
}}
}}
'''Vaud''' ({{IPAc-en|v|oʊ}} {{respell|VOH}}; {{langx|fr|(Canton de) Vaud}}, {{IPA|fr|kɑ̃tɔ̃ də vo|pron}}),<ref>{{cite web |title=Le français est la "langue officielle" du canton de Vaud... |url=http://www.lecourrier.ch/le_francais_est_la_langue_officielle_du_canton_de_vaud_what_else |access-date=8 August 2016 |archive-date=22 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822165825/http://www.lecourrier.ch/le_francais_est_la_langue_officielle_du_canton_de_vaud_what_else |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Canton de Vaud (Confédération suisse) |url=http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/EtatsNsouverains/vaud.htm |access-date=8 August 2016 |archive-date=16 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816215407/http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/EtatsNsouverains/vaud.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Article 3 : Langue officielle |url=http://www.vd.ch/themes/etat-droit-finances/lois-constitution/constitution/texte-et-commentaire/ |access-date=8 August 2016 |archive-date=19 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819225442/http://www.vd.ch/themes/etat-droit-finances/lois-constitution/constitution/texte-et-commentaire/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{langx|de|(Kanton) Waadt}}, {{IPA|de|vat|pron|de-Waadt.ogg}} <small>or</small> {{IPA|de|vaːt|}}; {{Langx|frp|(Quenton de) Vôd}}), <!--A more explicit source for official name would be better-->[https://www.vd.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/organisation/chancellerie/bic/fichiers_pdf/portrait-vaud_ang_2018_web.pdf Brochure "The Canton of Vaud"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203181541/https://www.vd.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/organisation/chancellerie/bic/fichiers_pdf/portrait-vaud_ang_2018_web.pdf |date=3 February 2021 }}, Office of Information and Communications (BIC). Retrieved 29 January 2021</ref> more formally '''Canton of Vaud''', is one of the [[Cantons of Switzerland|26 cantons]] forming the [[Switzerland|Swiss Confederation]]. It is composed of [[Subdivisions of the canton of Vaud|ten districts]]; its capital city is [[Lausanne]]. Its coat of arms bears the motto "Liberté et patrie" on a white-green bicolour.
'''Vaud''' ({{IPAc-en|v|oʊ}} {{respell|VOH}}; {{langx|fr|(Canton de) Vaud}}, {{IPA|fr|kɑ̃tɔ̃ də vo|pron}}),<ref>{{cite web |title=Le français est la "langue officielle" du canton de Vaud... |url=http://www.lecourrier.ch/le_francais_est_la_langue_officielle_du_canton_de_vaud_what_else |access-date=8 August 2016 |archive-date=22 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822165825/http://www.lecourrier.ch/le_francais_est_la_langue_officielle_du_canton_de_vaud_what_else |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Canton de Vaud (Confédération suisse) |url=http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/EtatsNsouverains/vaud.htm |access-date=8 August 2016 |archive-date=16 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816215407/http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/EtatsNsouverains/vaud.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Article 3 : Langue officielle |url=http://www.vd.ch/themes/etat-droit-finances/lois-constitution/constitution/texte-et-commentaire/ |access-date=8 August 2016 |archive-date=19 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819225442/http://www.vd.ch/themes/etat-droit-finances/lois-constitution/constitution/texte-et-commentaire/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{langx|de|(Kanton) Waadt}}, {{IPA|de|vat|pron|de-Waadt.ogg}} <small>or</small> {{IPA|de|vaːt|}}; {{Langx|frp|(Quenton de) Vôd}}), <!--A more explicit source for official name would be better-->[https://www.vd.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/organisation/chancellerie/bic/fichiers_pdf/portrait-vaud_ang_2018_web.pdf Brochure "The Canton of Vaud"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203181541/https://www.vd.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/organisation/chancellerie/bic/fichiers_pdf/portrait-vaud_ang_2018_web.pdf |date=3 February 2021 }}, Office of Information and Communications (BIC). Retrieved 29 January 2021</ref> more formally '''Canton of Vaud''', is one of the [[26 cantons]] forming the [[Swiss Confederation]]. It is composed of [[Subdivisions of the canton of Vaud|ten districts]]; its capital city is [[Lausanne]]. Its coat of arms bears the motto "Liberté et patrie" on a white-green bicolour.


Vaud is the third-largest Swiss canton by population and fourth by size. It is located in [[Romandy]], the partially French-speaking western part of the country, and borders the canton of [[canton of Neuchâtel|Neuchâtel]] to the north, the cantons of [[Canton of Fribourg|Fribourg]] and [[Canton of Bern|Bern]] to the east, the canton of [[Valais]] to the south, the canton of [[canton of Geneva|Geneva]] to the south-west, and France<!--More details in geography section--> to the west. The geography of the canton includes all three natural regions of Switzerland: the [[Jura Mountains]], the [[Swiss Plateau]], and the [[Swiss Alps|(Swiss) Alps]]. It also includes some of the largest lakes of the country: [[Lake Geneva]] and [[Lake Neuchâtel]]. It is a major tourist destination, renowned for its landscapes and gastronomy.
Vaud is the third-largest Swiss canton by population and fourth by size. It is located in [[Romandy]], the French-speaking western part of the country, and borders the canton of [[canton of Neuchâtel|Neuchâtel]] to the north, the cantons of [[Canton of Fribourg|Fribourg]] and [[Canton of Bern|Bern]] to the east, the canton of [[Valais]] to the south, the canton of [[canton of Geneva|Geneva]] to the south-west, and France<!--More details in geography section--> to the west. The geography of the canton includes all three natural regions of Switzerland: the [[Jura Mountains]], the [[Swiss Plateau]], and the [[Swiss Alps|(Swiss) Alps]]. It also includes some of the largest lakes of the country: [[Lake Geneva]] and [[Lake Neuchâtel]]. It is a major tourist destination, renowned for its landscapes and gastronomy.


The largest city is [[Lausanne]], followed by [[Yverdon-les-Bains]] and [[Montreux]]. As of {{Swiss populations Y|CH-VD|CH-VD}}, the canton had a population of {{Swiss populations|CH-VD|CH-VD}}.{{Swiss populations ref|CH-VD|CH-VD}} It is one of the four<!--VD, GE, NE, JU--> cantons where French is an official language, and it is a canton with a number of French speakers. Formerly a Bernese bailiwick, Vaud joined the Swiss Confederation as an independent canton in 1803.
The largest city is [[Lausanne]], followed by [[Yverdon-les-Bains]] and [[Montreux]]. As of {{Swiss populations Y|CH-VD|CH-VD}}, the canton had a population of {{Swiss populations|CH-VD|CH-VD}}.{{Swiss populations ref|CH-VD|CH-VD}} It is one of the four<!--VD, GE, NE, JU--> cantons where French is the only official language. Formerly a Bernese bailiwick, Vaud joined the Swiss Confederation as an independent canton in 1803.


==History==
==History==
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[[File:Roman_column_-_Nyon,_Vaud,_Switzerland.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Roman column in Nyon]]
[[File:Roman_column_-_Nyon,_Vaud,_Switzerland.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Roman column in Nyon]]
[[File:Karte Bernische-Vogteien-Kanton-Waadt en.png|thumb|Bailiwicks of Bern in Vaud in the 18th century]]
[[File:Karte Bernische-Vogteien-Kanton-Waadt en.png|thumb|Bailiwicks of Bern in Vaud in the 18th century]]
Humans lived alongside the Vaud lakes in prehistoric times. Later, the [[Celtic people|Celtic]] tribe of the [[Helvetii]] inhabited the area. [[Julius Caesar|Caesar]]'s troops defeated the Helvetii in 58 BC and as a consequence the [[Roman Republic|Romans]] settled in the area. The many towns established by the Romans include [[Vevey]] ({{langx|la| Viviscus}}) and Lausanne (''Lausonium'' or ''Lausonna'').
Humans lived alongside the Vaud lakes in prehistoric times. Later, the [[Celtic people|Celtic]] tribe of the [[Helvetii]] inhabited the area. [[Caesar]]'s troops defeated the Helvetii in 58 BC and as a consequence the [[Roman Republic|Romans]] settled in the area. The many towns established by the Romans include [[Vevey]] ({{langx|la| Viviscus}}) and Lausanne (''Lausonium'' or ''Lausonna'').


While the exact date of the founding of Aventicum is not exact, it was likely established during or shortly after Augustus' reign. There are still many Roman remains around the town today. Between the 2nd and the 4th centuries [[Alemanni]]c tribes repeatedly invaded the area, and in the 5th century the [[Burgundians]] occupied the territory. The [[Merovingian]] Franks later replaced the Burgundians. Their control did not last long either, and in 888 the area of the canton of Vaud became part of the [[Carolingian Empire]] (the successor state to the Merovingians). In 1032 the [[House of Zähringen|Zähringen]]s of Germany defeated the Burgundians. The Zähringens themselves were succeeded in 1218 by the counts of [[County of Savoy|Savoy]]. It was only under the counts of Savoy that the area gained political unity as the [[Barony of Vaud]]. A part stretching from [[Attalens]] to the river [[Saane/Sarine|Sarine]], in the north, was absorbed by the canton of Fribourg.
While the exact date of the founding of Aventicum is not exact, it was likely established during or shortly after Augustus' reign. There are still many Roman remains around the town today. Between the 2nd and the 4th centuries [[Alemanni]]c tribes repeatedly invaded the area, and in the 5th century the [[Burgundians]] occupied the territory. The [[Merovingian]] Franks later replaced the Burgundians. Their control did not last long either, and in 888 the area of the canton of Vaud became part of the [[Carolingian Empire]] (the successor state to the Merovingians). In 1032 the [[House of Zähringen|Zähringen]]s of Germany defeated the Burgundians. The Zähringens themselves were succeeded in 1218 by the counts of [[County of Savoy|Savoy]]. It was only under the counts of Savoy that the area gained political unity as the [[Barony of Vaud]]. A part stretching from [[Attalens]] to the river [[Saane/Sarine|Sarine]], in the north, was absorbed by the canton of Fribourg.
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As the power of the [[House of Savoy]] declined at the beginning of the 15th century, troops from [[Bern]] occupied the land. By 1536 Bern had completely annexed the area. Vaud's [[Protestant Reformation]] started with co-workers of [[John Calvin]] like [[Pierre Viret]] (a famous debate took place at the cathedral of Lausanne), but it was only decisively implemented when Bern put its full force behind it.
As the power of the [[House of Savoy]] declined at the beginning of the 15th century, troops from [[Bern]] occupied the land. By 1536 Bern had completely annexed the area. Vaud's [[Protestant Reformation]] started with co-workers of [[John Calvin]] like [[Pierre Viret]] (a famous debate took place at the cathedral of Lausanne), but it was only decisively implemented when Bern put its full force behind it.


The Bernese occupiers were not popular amongst the population. In 1723 Major [[Abraham Davel]] led a revolt against Bern, in protest at what he saw as the denial of political rights of the French-speaking Vaudois by the German-speaking Bernese; he was subsequently beheaded.<ref name = HistoiredelaSuisse>''Histoire de la Suisse'', Éditions Fragnière, Fribourg, Switzerland.</ref> Later, inspired by the [[French Revolution]] of 1789–1799, the Vaudois drove out the Bernese governor in 1798 and declared the [[Lemanic Republic]]. Vaud nationalists like [[Frédéric-César de La Harpe]], born in Rolle, had called for French intervention in liberating the area, and French Revolutionary troops moved in, taking over the whole of Switzerland itself in the process and setting up the [[Helvetic Republic]]. Under [[Napoleon I]] (Emperor 1804–1815), Vaud became (1798–1803) the [[canton of Léman]]. Unrest about the abolition of [[Feudalism|feudal]] rights and taxes led to increased discontent, which culminated in the revolt of the [[Bourla-papey]] in spring 1802, closely followed by the [[Stecklikrieg]] (August to October 1802) that brought the end of the entire Helvetic Republic in 1803. In 1803 Vaud joined the re-installed [[Swiss Confederation (Napoleonic)|Swiss Confederation]]. In spite of Bernese attempts to reclaim Vaud, it has remained a sovereign canton ever since.
The Bernese occupiers were not popular amongst the population. In 1723 Major [[Abraham Davel]] led a revolt against Bern, in protest at what he saw as the denial of political rights of the French-speaking Vaudois by the German-speaking Bernese; he was subsequently beheaded.<ref name = HistoiredelaSuisse>''Histoire de la Suisse'', Éditions Fragnière, Fribourg, Switzerland.</ref> Later, inspired by the [[French Revolution]] of 1789–1799, the Vaudois drove out the Bernese governor in 1798 and declared the [[Lemanic Republic]]. Vaud nationalists like [[Frédéric-César de La Harpe]], born in Rolle, had called for French intervention in liberating the area, and French Revolutionary troops moved in, taking over the whole of Switzerland itself in the process and setting up the [[Helvetic Republic]]. Under [[Napoleon I]] (Emperor 1804–1815), Vaud became (1798–1803) the [[canton of Léman]]. Unrest about the abolition of [[feudal]] rights and taxes led to increased discontent, which culminated in the revolt of the [[Bourla-papey]] in spring 1802, closely followed by the [[Stecklikrieg]] (August to October 1802) that brought the end of the entire Helvetic Republic in 1803. In 1803 Vaud joined the re-installed [[Swiss Confederation (Napoleonic)|Swiss Confederation]]. In spite of Bernese attempts to reclaim Vaud, it has remained a sovereign canton ever since.


In the 19th century, the canton of Vaud was an outspoken opponent of the [[Sonderbund war|''Sonderbund'']] Catholic separatist movement, which led to intervention by 99,000 Swiss Federal troops under General [[Guillaume Henri Dufour|Henri Dufour]] against 79,000 separatists, in the Sonderbund War (November 1847). Separation was prevented at the cost of very few lives.
In the 19th century, the canton of Vaud was an outspoken opponent of the [[Sonderbund war|''Sonderbund'']] Catholic separatist movement, which led to intervention by 99,000 Swiss Federal troops under General [[Henri Dufour]] against 79,000 separatists, in the Sonderbund War (November 1847). Separation was prevented at the cost of very few lives.


The current cantonal constitution dates from 14 April 2003, replacing the constitution of 1885.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vd.ch/themes/etat-droit-finances/lois-constitution/constitution/ |title=Les 10 ans de la constitution: Canton de Vaud : site officiel |publisher=Vd.ch |access-date=3 May 2014 |archive-date=3 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503165931/http://www.vd.ch/themes/etat-droit-finances/lois-constitution/constitution/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
The current cantonal constitution dates from 14 April 2003, replacing the constitution of 1885.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vd.ch/themes/etat-droit-finances/lois-constitution/constitution/ |title=Les 10 ans de la constitution: Canton de Vaud : site officiel |publisher=Vd.ch |access-date=3 May 2014 |archive-date=3 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503165931/http://www.vd.ch/themes/etat-droit-finances/lois-constitution/constitution/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
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[[File:Joux.jpg|thumb|[[Vallée de Joux]], Jura]]
[[File:Joux.jpg|thumb|[[Vallée de Joux]], Jura]]
[[File:Montreux - Lake Geneva.jpg|thumb|[[Montreux]] and Lake Geneva]]
[[File:Montreux - Lake Geneva.jpg|thumb|[[Montreux]] and Lake Geneva]]
The canton stretches from [[Lake Neuchâtel]] in the north, where it borders the [[canton of Neuchâtel]], to [[Lake Geneva]] ({{langx|fr|Léman}}) in the south, where it borders the [[canton of Geneva]], the French [[départements|department]] of [[Haute-Savoie]] (lake border) and the [[canton of Valais]] ([[Chablais]]). In the [[Jura mountains]] in the west, the canton borders the French departments of [[Ain]], [[Jura (département)|Jura]], and [[Doubs (department)|Doubs]]. In the east, it borders the cantons of [[canton of Fribourg|Fribourg]] and [[canton of Bern|Bern]]. The total area is {{convert|3212|km2|sqmi|0}}.
The canton stretches from [[Lake Neuchâtel]] in the north, where it borders the [[canton of Neuchâtel]], to [[Lake Geneva]] ({{langx|fr|Léman}}) in the south, where it borders the [[canton of Geneva]], the French [[départements|department]] of [[Haute-Savoie]] (lake border) and the [[canton of Valais]] ([[Chablais]]). In the [[Jura mountains]] in the west, the canton borders the French departments of [[Ain]], [[Jura (département)|Jura]], and [[Doubs]]. In the east, it borders the cantons of [[canton of Fribourg|Fribourg]] and [[canton of Bern|Bern]]. The total area is {{convert|3212|km2|sqmi|0}}.


Along with the canton of Berne, Vaud is one of the two cantons whose territory extends from the Jura to the Alps, through the three distinct [[Geography of Switzerland|geographic regions of Switzerland]].
Along with the canton of Berne, Vaud is one of the two cantons whose territory extends from the Jura to the Alps, through the three distinct [[Geography of Switzerland|geographic regions of Switzerland]].


The areas in the south east are mountainous, situated on the north side of the [[Bernese Alps]]. This region is commonly named the ''Vaud Alps'' ({{langx|fr|Alpes Vaudoises}}). The [[Diablerets]] massif, peaking at {{convert|3210|m|ft|0}}, is the highest mountain of the canton. Other summits such as the [[Grand Muveran]] and the [[Tour d'Aï]] are visible from most of the canton. The area also hosts several popular skiing destinations such as [[Villars-sur-Ollon|Villars]], [[Les Diablerets (Ormont-Dessus)|Les Diablerets]] and [[Leysin]].
The areas in the south east are mountainous, situated on the north side of the [[Bernese Alps]]. This region is commonly named the ''Vaud Alps'' ({{langx|fr|Alpes Vaudoises}}). The [[Diablerets]] massif, peaking at {{convert|3210|m|ft|0}}, is the highest mountain of the canton. Other summits such as the [[Grand Muveran]] and the [[Tour d'Aï]] are visible from most of the canton. The area also hosts several popular skiing destinations such as [[Villars-sur-Ollon|Villars]], [[Les Diablerets]] and [[Leysin]].


The central area of the canton, in contrast, consists of [[moraine]]s and is hilly. There are plains along the lakes. In the north, Avenches is in an [[exclave]] of the canton surrounded by the canton of Fribourg and Lake Neuchâtel. On the other hand, there are three enclaves of the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of Fribourg (Estavayer-le-lac, Vuissens, Surpierre), as well as two enclaves of the canton of [[Geneva]] (Céligny), that are surrounded by the canton of Vaud.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vaud.ch/en/canton-of-vaud/geographical-location/ |title=Vaud.ch - Bienvenue dans le canton de Vaud |access-date=10 August 2014 |archive-date=16 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516231108/http://www.vaud.ch/en/canton-of-vaud/geographical-location/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The central area of the canton, in contrast, consists of [[moraine]]s and is hilly. There are plains along the lakes. In the north, Avenches is in an [[exclave]] of the canton surrounded by the canton of Fribourg and Lake Neuchâtel. On the other hand, there are three enclaves of the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of Fribourg (Estavayer-le-lac, Vuissens, Surpierre), as well as two enclaves of the canton of [[Geneva]] (Céligny), that are surrounded by the canton of Vaud.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vaud.ch/en/canton-of-vaud/geographical-location/ |title=Vaud.ch - Bienvenue dans le canton de Vaud |access-date=10 August 2014 |archive-date=16 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516231108/http://www.vaud.ch/en/canton-of-vaud/geographical-location/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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| [[Pierre-Yves Maillard]]
| [[Pierre-Yves Maillard]]
| [[Daniel Brélaz]]
| [[Daniel Brélaz]]
|{{Interlanguage link multi|Laurent Wehrli|fr}}
|{{Interlanguage link|Laurent Wehrli|fr}}
| {{Interlanguage link multi|Claude Béglé|fr}}
| {{Interlanguage link|Claude Béglé|fr}}
| {{Interlanguage link|François Pointet|lt=François Pointet|fr}}
| {{Interlanguage link|François Pointet|lt=François Pointet|fr}}
|-
|-
| {{Interlanguage link multi|Alice Glauser-Zufferey|fr}}
| {{Interlanguage link|Alice Glauser-Zufferey|fr}}
| [[Ada Marra]]
| [[Ada Marra]]
| [[Valentine Python]]
| [[Valentine Python]]
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|-
|-
| [[Jean-Pierre Grin-Hofmann]]
| [[Jean-Pierre Grin-Hofmann]]
| {{Interlanguage link multi|Roger Nordmann|fr}}
| {{Interlanguage link|Roger Nordmann|fr}}
| [[Sophie Michaud Gigon]]
| [[Sophie Michaud Gigon]]
| {{Interlanguage link multi|Olivier Feller|fr}}
| {{Interlanguage link|Olivier Feller|fr}}
| ---
| ---
| ---
| ---
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| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Liberal Party of Switzerland}}"| || [[Liberalism and radicalism in Switzerland|Swiss Liberal]] || 12.4 || 13.6 || 16.7 || 16.9 || 17.4 || 17.6 || 14.7 || 12.6 || 11.1 || 8.1 || 5.7 || {{ref|c|c}} || * || *
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Liberal Party of Switzerland}}"| || [[Liberalism and radicalism in Switzerland|Swiss Liberal]] || 12.4 || 13.6 || 16.7 || 16.9 || 17.4 || 17.6 || 14.7 || 12.6 || 11.1 || 8.1 || 5.7 || {{ref|c|c}} || * || *
|-
|-
! [[Alliance of Independents|Ring of Independents]]
! [[Ring of Independents]]
| || [[Social liberalism]] || 4.1 || 1.6 || 0.8 || * {{ref|b|b}} || * || 0.9 || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || *
| || [[Social liberalism]] || 4.1 || 1.6 || 0.8 || * {{ref|b|b}} || * || 0.9 || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || *
|-
|-
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* [[Morges District|Morges]] with capital [[Morges]]
* [[Morges District|Morges]] with capital [[Morges]]
* [[Nyon District|Nyon]] with capital [[Nyon]]
* [[Nyon District|Nyon]] with capital [[Nyon]]
* [[Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut District|Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut]] with capital [[Vevey]]
* [[Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut]] with capital [[Vevey]]
* [[Ouest Lausannois District|Ouest Lausannois]] with capital [[Renens]]
* [[Ouest Lausannois District|Ouest Lausannois]] with capital [[Renens]]


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==Demographics==
==Demographics==
[[File:Lausanne img 0586.jpg|thumb|Lausanne, capital and largest city in Vaud]]
[[File:Lausanne img 0586.jpg|thumb|Lausanne, capital and largest city in Vaud]]
The population is French-speaking and historically was mostly [[Protestant]] (Calvinist), dating from the early years of the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]]. Recently, however, this has been changing due to immigration from Southern Europe. In 2000, the population was nearly evenly split between Protestants (40%) and [[Roman Catholic]]s (34%).<ref>{{cite web |last=Federal Department of Statistics |title=Wohnbevölkerung nach Religion |year=2004 |url=http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/05/blank/key/religionen.html |format=Interactive Map |access-date=15 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924182116/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/05/blank/key/religionen.html |archive-date=24 September 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The population is French-speaking and historically was mostly [[Protestant]] (Calvinist), dating from the early years of the [[Reformation]]. Recently, however, this has been changing due to immigration from Southern Europe. In 2000, the population was nearly evenly split between Protestants (40%) and [[Roman Catholic]]s (34%).<ref>{{cite web |last=Federal Department of Statistics |title=Wohnbevölkerung nach Religion |year=2004 |url=http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/05/blank/key/religionen.html |format=Interactive Map |access-date=15 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924182116/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/05/blank/key/religionen.html |archive-date=24 September 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


The population of the canton (as of {{Swiss populations date|CH-VD}}) was {{Swiss populations|CH-VD|CH-VD}}.{{Swiss populations ref|CH-VD}} {{as of|2010}}, the population included about 28% foreigners, including many Italians.<ref>{{cite web |last=Canton de Vaud |title=International website for the promotion of the canton of Vaud - Population and social life |year=2010 |url=http://www.vaud.ch/en/lake-geneva-region/population-and-social-life/ |access-date=23 May 2010 |archive-date=17 December 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071217152433/http://www.vaud.ch/en/lake-geneva-region/population-and-social-life/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The major population centres of the canton are: Lausanne ({{Swiss populations|CH-VD|5586}} inhabitants on {{Swiss populations date|CH-VD}}), [[Montreux]]-[[Vevey]] (Montreux: {{Swiss populations NC|CH-VD|5886}} Vevey:{{Swiss populations NC|CH-VD|5890}} inhabitants) and [[Yverdon-les-Bains]] ({{Swiss populations|CH-VD|5938}} inhabitants). The region around [[Nyon]] is often considered part of the agglomeration of [[Geneva]]. All of these are on Lake Geneva (called '''Léman''' in French), except for Yverdon, which is on Lake Neuchâtel.
The population of the canton (as of {{Swiss populations date|CH-VD}}) was {{Swiss populations|CH-VD|CH-VD}}.{{Swiss populations ref|CH-VD}} {{as of|2010}}, the population included about 28% foreigners, including many Italians.<ref>{{cite web |last=Canton de Vaud |title=International website for the promotion of the canton of Vaud - Population and social life |year=2010 |url=http://www.vaud.ch/en/lake-geneva-region/population-and-social-life/ |access-date=23 May 2010 |archive-date=17 December 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071217152433/http://www.vaud.ch/en/lake-geneva-region/population-and-social-life/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The major population centres of the canton are: Lausanne ({{Swiss populations|CH-VD|5586}} inhabitants on {{Swiss populations date|CH-VD}}), [[Montreux]]-[[Vevey]] (Montreux: {{Swiss populations NC|CH-VD|5886}} Vevey:{{Swiss populations NC|CH-VD|5890}} inhabitants) and [[Yverdon-les-Bains]] ({{Swiss populations|CH-VD|5938}} inhabitants). The region around [[Nyon]] is often considered part of the agglomeration of [[Geneva]]. All of these are on Lake Geneva (called '''Léman''' in French), except for Yverdon, which is on Lake Neuchâtel.
Line 277: Line 277:
==Education==
==Education==
Two Swiss public universities are located within the canton:
Two Swiss public universities are located within the canton:
* [[École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne|Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne]] (EPFL)
* [[Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne]] (EPFL)
* [[University of Lausanne]] (UNIL)
* [[University of Lausanne]] (UNIL)


Line 292: Line 292:
* [[Haute école de musique]] (HEMU)
* [[Haute école de musique]] (HEMU)
* [[Haute école pédagogique du Canton de Vaud]] (HEP Vaud)
* [[Haute école pédagogique du Canton de Vaud]] (HEP Vaud)
==Transport==
Air travel is served by [[Geneva Airport]]. However, nearby airport such as [[Bern Airport]], [[EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg]], and [[Lyon–Saint-Exupéry Airport]] are used by air travellers from the canton.


==Gastronomy==
==Gastronomy==
The canton is often referred to as the "culinary capital of Switzerland" and is renowned for its many cheeses, wines and charcuterie.<ref>[https://www.greatbritishchefs.com/features/switzerland-lake-geneva-food-guide Lake Geneva Region: Switzerland's gastronomic capital] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117162254/https://www.greatbritishchefs.com/features/switzerland-lake-geneva-food-guide |date=17 January 2021 }}, greatbritishchefs.com. Retrieved 2020-0123</ref> It is also home to a high number of gourmet restaurants, such as the Hôtel de ville in [[Crissier]], founded by [[Frédy Girardet]].
The canton is often referred to as the "culinary capital of Switzerland" and is renowned for its many cheeses, wines and charcuterie.<ref>[https://www.greatbritishchefs.com/features/switzerland-lake-geneva-food-guide Lake Geneva Region: Switzerland's gastronomic capital] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117162254/https://www.greatbritishchefs.com/features/switzerland-lake-geneva-food-guide |date=17 January 2021 }}, greatbritishchefs.com. Retrieved 2020-0123</ref> It is also home to a high number of gourmet restaurants, such as the Hôtel de ville in [[Crissier]], founded by [[Frédy Girardet]].


[[Papet Vaudois]] is a very popular dish of the canton. It consists of potatoes and leeks accompanied by regional sausages, notably ''Saucisse aux choux''. [[Taillé aux greubons]] are a salted bakery specialty of the region consisting of [[Pork rind|crackling]] encased in [[puff pastry]]. Another of the canton's specialties is [[Carac (pastry)|carac]], a sweet tart consisting of a [[Shortcrust pastry#Types|sweetcrust pastry]] case ([[:fr:Pâte sucrée|pâte sucrée]]) filled with chocolate [[ganache]], covered by a characteristic green [[Icing (food)|icing]] or [[Fondant icing|fondant]] layer topped with a dot of chocolate.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.patrimoineculinaire.ch/Produit/Carac/143 |title=Carac |language=fr |website=www.patrimoineculinaire.ch |access-date=29 July 2019 |archive-date=19 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119132556/https://www.patrimoineculinaire.ch/Produit/Carac/143 |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[Papet Vaudois]] is a very popular dish of the canton. It consists of potatoes and leeks accompanied by regional sausages, notably ''Saucisse aux choux''. [[Taillé aux greubons]] are a salted bakery specialty of the region consisting of [[Pork rind|crackling]] encased in [[puff pastry]]. Another of the canton's specialties is [[Carac (pastry)|carac]], a sweet tart consisting of a [[sweetcrust pastry]] case ([[:fr:Pâte sucrée|pâte sucrée]]) filled with chocolate [[ganache]], covered by a characteristic green [[Icing (food)|icing]] or [[Fondant icing|fondant]] layer topped with a dot of chocolate.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.patrimoineculinaire.ch/Produit/Carac/143 |title=Carac |language=fr |website=www.patrimoineculinaire.ch |access-date=29 July 2019 |archive-date=19 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119132556/https://www.patrimoineculinaire.ch/Produit/Carac/143 |url-status=live }}</ref>


==Notable people==
==Notable people==
Line 314: Line 317:
* [[Jean-Louis Wagnière]] (1739 in Rueyres – 1802) [[Voltaire]]'s secretary from 1756 to 1778.
* [[Jean-Louis Wagnière]] (1739 in Rueyres – 1802) [[Voltaire]]'s secretary from 1756 to 1778.
* [[Charles-Emmanuel de Warnery]] (1720 at Morges - 1776) royal Prussian colonel, later a royal Polish general.
* [[Charles-Emmanuel de Warnery]] (1720 at Morges - 1776) royal Prussian colonel, later a royal Polish general.
* [[Georges Dumitresco]] (1922–2008 in Lausanne), Romanian-Swiss physician, painter, illustrator and poet.


==See also==
==See also==
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* {{in lang|fr}} [https://www.vd.ch Cantonal government]
* {{in lang|fr}} [https://www.vd.ch Cantonal government]
* [https://www.region-du-leman.ch/ Vaud Tourist Office]
* [https://www.region-du-leman.ch/ Vaud Tourist Office]
* [http://www.scris.vd.ch/ Official Statistics Vaud (SCRIS)]
* [http://www.scris.vd.ch/ Official Statistics Vaud (SCRIS)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110224172743/http://www.scris.vd.ch/ |date=24 February 2011 }}
* [http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/kantone/vd/key.html Official statistics]
* [http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/kantone/vd/key.html Official statistics]
* [http://www.annuaire-vaudois.ch Vaud Directory] {{in lang|fr}}
* [http://www.annuaire-vaudois.ch Vaud Directory] {{in lang|fr}}
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{{Portal bar|Switzerland}}
{{Portal bar|Switzerland}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Canton of Vaud| ]]
 
[[Category:Vaud| ]]
[[Category:Cantons of Switzerland|Vaud]]
[[Category:Cantons of Switzerland|Vaud]]
[[Category:Wine regions of Switzerland]]
[[Category:Wine regions of Switzerland]]

Latest revision as of 03:11, 3 November 2025

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Script error: No such module "Settlement short description".Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".Expression error: Unexpected < operator. Vaud (Template:IPAc-en Script error: No such module "Respell".; Template:Langx, Script error: No such module "IPA".),[1][2][3][4] more formally Canton of Vaud, is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. It is composed of ten districts; its capital city is Lausanne. Its coat of arms bears the motto "Liberté et patrie" on a white-green bicolour.

Vaud is the third-largest Swiss canton by population and fourth by size. It is located in Romandy, the French-speaking western part of the country, and borders the canton of Neuchâtel to the north, the cantons of Fribourg and Bern to the east, the canton of Valais to the south, the canton of Geneva to the south-west, and France to the west. The geography of the canton includes all three natural regions of Switzerland: the Jura Mountains, the Swiss Plateau, and the (Swiss) Alps. It also includes some of the largest lakes of the country: Lake Geneva and Lake Neuchâtel. It is a major tourist destination, renowned for its landscapes and gastronomy.

The largest city is Lausanne, followed by Yverdon-les-Bains and Montreux. As of Template:Swiss populations Y, the canton had a population of Template:Swiss populations.Template:Swiss populations ref It is one of the four cantons where French is the only official language. Formerly a Bernese bailiwick, Vaud joined the Swiss Confederation as an independent canton in 1803.

History

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File:Roman column - Nyon, Vaud, Switzerland.jpg
Roman column in Nyon
File:Karte Bernische-Vogteien-Kanton-Waadt en.png
Bailiwicks of Bern in Vaud in the 18th century

Humans lived alongside the Vaud lakes in prehistoric times. Later, the Celtic tribe of the Helvetii inhabited the area. Caesar's troops defeated the Helvetii in 58 BC and as a consequence the Romans settled in the area. The many towns established by the Romans include Vevey (Template:Langx) and Lausanne (Lausonium or Lausonna).

While the exact date of the founding of Aventicum is not exact, it was likely established during or shortly after Augustus' reign. There are still many Roman remains around the town today. Between the 2nd and the 4th centuries Alemannic tribes repeatedly invaded the area, and in the 5th century the Burgundians occupied the territory. The Merovingian Franks later replaced the Burgundians. Their control did not last long either, and in 888 the area of the canton of Vaud became part of the Carolingian Empire (the successor state to the Merovingians). In 1032 the Zähringens of Germany defeated the Burgundians. The Zähringens themselves were succeeded in 1218 by the counts of Savoy. It was only under the counts of Savoy that the area gained political unity as the Barony of Vaud. A part stretching from Attalens to the river Sarine, in the north, was absorbed by the canton of Fribourg.

File:Lausanne Saint-Maire.jpg
Built by the Bishop of Lausanne during the 15th century, Château Saint-Maire has been the seat of the cantonal government since 1803.

As the power of the House of Savoy declined at the beginning of the 15th century, troops from Bern occupied the land. By 1536 Bern had completely annexed the area. Vaud's Protestant Reformation started with co-workers of John Calvin like Pierre Viret (a famous debate took place at the cathedral of Lausanne), but it was only decisively implemented when Bern put its full force behind it.

The Bernese occupiers were not popular amongst the population. In 1723 Major Abraham Davel led a revolt against Bern, in protest at what he saw as the denial of political rights of the French-speaking Vaudois by the German-speaking Bernese; he was subsequently beheaded.[5] Later, inspired by the French Revolution of 1789–1799, the Vaudois drove out the Bernese governor in 1798 and declared the Lemanic Republic. Vaud nationalists like Frédéric-César de La Harpe, born in Rolle, had called for French intervention in liberating the area, and French Revolutionary troops moved in, taking over the whole of Switzerland itself in the process and setting up the Helvetic Republic. Under Napoleon I (Emperor 1804–1815), Vaud became (1798–1803) the canton of Léman. Unrest about the abolition of feudal rights and taxes led to increased discontent, which culminated in the revolt of the Bourla-papey in spring 1802, closely followed by the Stecklikrieg (August to October 1802) that brought the end of the entire Helvetic Republic in 1803. In 1803 Vaud joined the re-installed Swiss Confederation. In spite of Bernese attempts to reclaim Vaud, it has remained a sovereign canton ever since.

In the 19th century, the canton of Vaud was an outspoken opponent of the Sonderbund Catholic separatist movement, which led to intervention by 99,000 Swiss Federal troops under General Henri Dufour against 79,000 separatists, in the Sonderbund War (November 1847). Separation was prevented at the cost of very few lives.

The current cantonal constitution dates from 14 April 2003, replacing the constitution of 1885.[6]

Geography

File:LakeGenevaVeveyMontreux.jpg
Vevey, Lake Geneva, and the Swiss Alps
File:Joux.jpg
Vallée de Joux, Jura
File:Montreux - Lake Geneva.jpg
Montreux and Lake Geneva

The canton stretches from Lake Neuchâtel in the north, where it borders the canton of Neuchâtel, to Lake Geneva (Template:Langx) in the south, where it borders the canton of Geneva, the French department of Haute-Savoie (lake border) and the canton of Valais (Chablais). In the Jura mountains in the west, the canton borders the French departments of Ain, Jura, and Doubs. In the east, it borders the cantons of Fribourg and Bern. The total area is Script error: No such module "convert"..

Along with the canton of Berne, Vaud is one of the two cantons whose territory extends from the Jura to the Alps, through the three distinct geographic regions of Switzerland.

The areas in the south east are mountainous, situated on the north side of the Bernese Alps. This region is commonly named the Vaud Alps (Template:Langx). The Diablerets massif, peaking at Script error: No such module "convert"., is the highest mountain of the canton. Other summits such as the Grand Muveran and the Tour d'Aï are visible from most of the canton. The area also hosts several popular skiing destinations such as Villars, Les Diablerets and Leysin.

The central area of the canton, in contrast, consists of moraines and is hilly. There are plains along the lakes. In the north, Avenches is in an exclave of the canton surrounded by the canton of Fribourg and Lake Neuchâtel. On the other hand, there are three enclaves of the canton of Fribourg (Estavayer-le-lac, Vuissens, Surpierre), as well as two enclaves of the canton of Geneva (Céligny), that are surrounded by the canton of Vaud.[7]

The north-western part of the canton is also mountainous but in a more modest way with mountains generally not above Script error: No such module "convert".; the Jura Mountains. The Vallée de Joux is one of the most popular destinations in the region and also a centre of luxury mechanical Swiss watch manufacturing.[8]

Politics

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File:Salle du Grand Conseil du canton de vaud.jpg
The room of the Grand Council of Vaud, the parliament of the canton of Vaud

Members of the national council

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Source (since 2017Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".):[9]

UDC members PS members PES members PLR members PDC members PVL member(s)
Michaël Buffat Pierre-Yves Maillard Daniel Brélaz Template:Interlanguage link Template:Interlanguage link Template:Interlanguage link
Template:Interlanguage link Ada Marra Valentine Python Template:Interlanguage link --- ---
Jean-Pierre Grin-Hofmann Template:Interlanguage link Sophie Michaud Gigon Template:Interlanguage link --- ---
Jacques Nicolet Template:Interlanguage link Template:Interlanguage link Isabelle Moret --- ---

Members of the council of states

Members
Pascal Broulis
Pierre-Yves Maillard

Federal election results

Percentage of the total vote per party in the canton in the National Council Elections 1971–2023 [10]
Party Ideology 1971 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007 2011 2015 2019 2023
FDP.The Liberalsa style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| Classical liberalism 26.0 25.6 27.1 30.4 27.6 26.4 23.5 25.0 18.5 14.6 16.3 26.8 23.3 22.4
The Centred style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| Christian democracy 5.3 4.6 5.1 4.5 4.1 3.6 5.6 4.5 4.4 5.6 4.6 4.1 2.4 4.5
SP/PS style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| Social democracy 25.0 27.6 24.9 21.9 22.5 22.9 22.7 22.4 21.7 22.0 25.2 22.2 20.4 25.3
SVP/UDC style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| Swiss nationalism 7.7 8.0 6.8 6.2 6.2 7.3 7.8 10.7 20.3 22.4 22.9 22.6 17.4 19.2
LPS/PLS style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| Swiss Liberal 12.4 13.6 16.7 16.9 17.4 17.6 14.7 12.6 11.1 8.1 5.7 c * *
Ring of Independents Social liberalism 4.1 1.6 0.8 * b * 0.9 * * * * * * * *
EVP/PEV style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| Christian democracy * * * * * * * * 0.7 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 0.7
GLP/PVL style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| Green liberalism * * * * * * * * * * 5.1 3.9 8.4 7.5
BDP/PBD style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| Conservatism * * * * * * * * * * 0.8 1.8 0.4 0.0e
PdA/PST-POP/PC/PSL style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| Socialism 12.2 10.7 9.3 4.1 3.5 4.2 8.9 7.8 6.7 4.7 2.1 * 4.1 4.3
GPS/PES style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| Green politics * 1.0 6.4 7.0 8.4 6.3 4.1 7.1 11.3 14.3 11.6 11.3 19.7 13.5
FGA Feminist * * * 3.8 3.7 3.6 2.6 * * * * * * *
Solidarity style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| Anti-capitalism * * * * * * 2.6 2.1 2.6 2.1 1.8 2.9 * *
SD/DS style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| National conservatism 4.2 1.6 * 2.6 2.8 2.9 1.8 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 * 0.0
Rep. Right-wing populism 2.9 3.1 * * * * * * * * * * * *
EDU/UDF style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| Christian right * 1.0 * * 1.1 * 2.7 2.7 1.8 1.3 1.1 0.7 0.3 0.6
FPS/PSL style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| Right-wing populism * * * * * 2.5 * * * * * 0.0 * *
MCR style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| Right-wing populism * * * * * * * * * * 0.5 * * *
Other * 1.6 2.9 2.6 2.8 1.9 3.1 4.2 0.5 3.7 1.1 2.6 2.3 0,3
Voter participation % 45.9 43.5 37.3 40.2 37.4 37.4 32.9 31.5 42.7 44.3 41.6 42.9 41.4 40.2
<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^a before 2009: FDP; since 2009: FDP.The Liberals
<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^b "*" indicates that the party was not on the ballot in this canton.
<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^c Part of the FDP for this election.
<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^d before 2021: CVP/PDC/PPD/PCD; since 2021: The Centre
<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^e BDP/PBD: On 1 January 2021, the party merged with the Christian Democratic People's Party to form the new party The Centre.

Political subdivisions

Districts

File:Karte Kanton Waadt Bezirke 2008.png
Districts of canton of Vaud

The canton of Vaud is divided into 10 districts:

Municipalities

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Demographics

File:Lausanne img 0586.jpg
Lausanne, capital and largest city in Vaud

The population is French-speaking and historically was mostly Protestant (Calvinist), dating from the early years of the Reformation. Recently, however, this has been changing due to immigration from Southern Europe. In 2000, the population was nearly evenly split between Protestants (40%) and Roman Catholics (34%).[11]

The population of the canton (as of Template:Swiss populations date) was Template:Swiss populations.Template:Swiss populations ref since 2010Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., the population included about 28% foreigners, including many Italians.[12] The major population centres of the canton are: Lausanne (Template:Swiss populations inhabitants on Template:Swiss populations date), Montreux-Vevey (Montreux: Template:Swiss populations NC Vevey:Template:Swiss populations NC inhabitants) and Yverdon-les-Bains (Template:Swiss populations inhabitants). The region around Nyon is often considered part of the agglomeration of Geneva. All of these are on Lake Geneva (called Léman in French), except for Yverdon, which is on Lake Neuchâtel.

Languages

Main languages spoken at home in the canton (2020):[13]

French: 82.40%
English: 9.10%
Portuguese: 7.51%
German: 5.15%
Italian: 5.00%
Spanish: 3.88%
Albanian: 2.37%
South Slavic languages: 1.61%
Other languages: 6.75%
Note: Respondents were permitted to choose more than one language.

Economy

File:Lake Geneva Lavaux.jpg
Lavaux vineyards above Lake Geneva

The capital, Lausanne, is the major city of the canton. There are light industries concentrated around it. In 1998, 71.7% of the workers worked in the tertiary sector and 20.8% in the secondary.

The canton is the second-largest producer of wine in Switzerland. Most of the wine produced in the canton is white, and most vineyards are located on the steep shores of Lake Geneva such as the UNESCO World Heritage Site the Lavaux Vineyard Terraces. There is agriculture in the areas away from Lake Geneva. Sugar beet is important around Orbe, tobacco in La Broye Valley, and fruit at the foot of the Jura mountains. Cattle breeding and pasture are common in the Alps and the Jura mountains. There is a salt mine at Bex. Tourism is important in many towns along Lake Geneva. Major lakeside resorts include Lausanne, Montreux, and Vevey.

The Union Cycliste Internationale is based in Aigle, and many of its defamation lawsuits against critics have been heard in the Est Vaudois district court of Vevey.[14]

Education

Two Swiss public universities are located within the canton:

Additionally, there are several public hautes écoles offering a limited selection of programmes:

Transport

Air travel is served by Geneva Airport. However, nearby airport such as Bern Airport, EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg, and Lyon–Saint-Exupéry Airport are used by air travellers from the canton.

Gastronomy

The canton is often referred to as the "culinary capital of Switzerland" and is renowned for its many cheeses, wines and charcuterie.[15] It is also home to a high number of gourmet restaurants, such as the Hôtel de ville in Crissier, founded by Frédy Girardet.

Papet Vaudois is a very popular dish of the canton. It consists of potatoes and leeks accompanied by regional sausages, notably Saucisse aux choux. Taillé aux greubons are a salted bakery specialty of the region consisting of crackling encased in puff pastry. Another of the canton's specialties is carac, a sweet tart consisting of a sweetcrust pastry case (pâte sucrée) filled with chocolate ganache, covered by a characteristic green icing or fondant layer topped with a dot of chocolate.[16]

Notable people

See also

Notes and references

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  4. ↑ Template:Langx, Script error: No such module "IPA". or Script error: No such module "IPA".; Template:Langx), Brochure "The Canton of Vaud" Template:Webarchive, Office of Information and Communications (BIC). Retrieved 29 January 2021
  5. ↑ Histoire de la Suisse, Éditions Fragnière, Fribourg, Switzerland.
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Vaughters defends Kimmage ahead of UCI case Template:Webarchive, Daniel Benson, cyclingnews.com, 28 September 2012
  15. ↑ Lake Geneva Region: Switzerland's gastronomic capital Template:Webarchive, greatbritishchefs.com. Retrieved 2020-0123
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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Bibliography

  • Template:In lang Laurent Flutsch and Séverine André (with the collaboration of Bernadette Gross), Y en a point comme nous. Un portrait des Vaudois aujourd'hui [There are none like us. A portrait of the Vaudois of today], Éditions Infolio, 2015, 368 pages (Template:ISBN).

External links

Template:Sister project

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