(One intermediate revision by one other user not shown)
Line 11:
Line 11:
}}
}}
'''''Ensete''''' is a [[genus]] of [[monocarpic]] [[flowering plant]]s [[native plant|native]] to tropical regions of Africa and Asia. It is one of the three genera in the [[banana]] family, [[Musaceae]], and includes the false banana or enset (''[[Ensete ventricosum|E. ventricosum]]''), an economically important food crop in Ethiopia.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Wilkin|first1=Paul|last2=Demissew|first2=Sebsebe|last3=Willis|first3=Kathy|last4=Woldeyes|first4=Feleke|last5=Davis|first5=Aaron P.|last6=Molla|first6=Ermias L.|last7=Janssens|first7=Steven|last8=Kallow|first8=Simon|last9=Berhanu|first9=Admas|title=Enset in Ethiopia: a poorly characterized but resilient starch staple|journal=Annals of Botany|volume=123|issue=5|pages=747–766|language=en|doi=10.1093/aob/mcy214|pmid=30715125|pmc=6526316|year=2019}}</ref><ref name=RHSAZ>{{cite book|title=RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants|year=2008|publisher=Dorling Kindersley|location=United Kingdom|isbn=978-1405332965|pages=1136}}</ref><ref name=aaas>{{cite web|url=http://www.aaas.org/international/africa/enset/uses.shtml|title=Uses of Enset|access-date=13 August 2007|year=1997|work=The 'Tree Against Hunger': Enset-Based Agricultural Systems in Ethiopia|publisher=[[American Association for the Advancement of Science]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070819143500/http://www.aaas.org/international/africa/enset/uses.shtml|archive-date=19 August 2007}}</ref>
'''''Ensete''''' is a [[genus]] of [[monocarpic]] flowering plants [[native plant|native]] to tropical regions of Africa and Asia. It is one of the three genera in the [[banana]] family, [[Musaceae]], and includes the false banana or enset (''[[Ensete ventricosum|E. ventricosum]]''), an economically important food crop in Ethiopia.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Wilkin|first1=Paul|last2=Demissew|first2=Sebsebe|last3=Willis|first3=Kathy|last4=Woldeyes|first4=Feleke|last5=Davis|first5=Aaron P.|last6=Molla|first6=Ermias L.|last7=Janssens|first7=Steven|last8=Kallow|first8=Simon|last9=Berhanu|first9=Admas|title=Enset in Ethiopia: a poorly characterized but resilient starch staple|journal=Annals of Botany|volume=123|issue=5|pages=747–766|language=en|doi=10.1093/aob/mcy214|pmid=30715125|pmc=6526316|year=2019}}</ref><ref name=RHSAZ>{{cite book|title=RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants|year=2008|publisher=Dorling Kindersley|location=United Kingdom|isbn=978-1405332965|pages=1136}}</ref><ref name=aaas>{{cite web|url=http://www.aaas.org/international/africa/enset/uses.shtml|title=Uses of Enset|access-date=13 August 2007|year=1997|work=The 'Tree Against Hunger': Enset-Based Agricultural Systems in Ethiopia|publisher=[[American Association for the Advancement of Science]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070819143500/http://www.aaas.org/international/africa/enset/uses.shtml|archive-date=19 August 2007}}</ref>
== Taxonomy ==
== Taxonomy ==
The genus ''Ensete'' was first described by [[Paul Fedorowitsch Horaninow]] (or [[Paul Fedorowitsch Horaninov|Horaninov]], 1796–1865) in his ''[[Prodromus Monographiae Scitaminarum]]'' of 1862 in which he created a single species, ''Ensete edule''. However, the genus did not receive general recognition until 1947 when it was revived by [[Ernest Entwistle Cheesman|E. E. Cheesman]] in the first of a series of papers in the ''[[Kew Bulletin]]'' on the classification of the bananas, with a total of 25 species.<ref>Cheesman, E. E. 1947. Classification of the bananas. I. The genus ''Ensete'' Horan and the genus ''Musa'' L. Kew Bulletin (GBR), 2: 97-117</ref>
The genus ''Ensete'' was first described by [[Paul Fedorowitsch Horaninow]] (or [[Paul Fedorowitsch Horaninov|Horaninov]], 1796–1865) in his ''[[Prodromus Monographiae Scitaminarum]]'' of 1862 in which he created a single species, ''Ensete edule''. However, the genus did not receive general recognition until 1947 when it was revived by [[Ernest Entwistle Cheesman|E. E. Cheesman]] in the first of a series of papers in the ''[[Kew Bulletin]]'' on the classification of the bananas, with a total of 25 species.<ref>Cheesman, E. E. 1947. Classification of the bananas. I. The genus ''Ensete'' Horan and the genus ''Musa'' L. Kew Bulletin (GBR), 2: 97-117</ref>
Taxonomically, the genus ''Ensete'' has shrunk since Cheesman revived the [[taxon]]. Cheesman acknowledged that field study might reveal [[Synonym (taxonomy)|synonymy]] and the most recent review of the genus by Simmonds (1960) listed just six. Recently the number has increased to seven as the Flora of [[China]] has, not entirely convincingly, reinstated ''Ensete wilsonii''. There is one species in [[Thailand]], somewhat resembling ''E. superbum'', that has not been formally described, and possibly other Asian species.{{Citation needed|date=December 2020}}
Taxonomically, the genus ''Ensete'' has shrunk since Cheesman revived the [[taxon]]. Cheesman acknowledged that field study might reveal [[Synonym (taxonomy)|synonymy]] and the most recent review of the genus by Simmonds (1960) listed just six. Recently the number has increased to seven as the Flora of [[China]] has, not entirely convincingly, reinstated ''Ensete wilsonii''. There is one species in [[Thailand]], somewhat resembling ''E. superbum'', that has not been formally described, and possibly other Asian species.{{Citation needed|date=December 2020}}
It is possible to separate ''Ensete'' into its African and Asian species.
It is possible to separate ''Ensete'' into its African and Asian species.
Line 22:
Line 22:
;Africa
;Africa
:''[[Ensete gilletii]]'' synonym ''[[Ensete livingstonianum]]'' - native range W. Tropical Africa to Malawi
:''[[Ensete gilletii]]'' synonym ''[[Ensete livingstonianum]]'' - native range W. Tropical Africa to Malawi
:''[[Ensete homblei]]'' - native range is SE. DR Congo to N. Zambia
:[[File:Ensete glaucum 6zz.jpg|thumb|[[Ensete glaucum|''Ensete glaucum'']] (Snow banana)]]''[[Ensete homblei]]'' - native range is SE. DR Congo to N. Zambia
:''[[Ensete perrieri]]'' – endemic to [[Madagascar]] but intriguingly like the Asian ''E. glaucum''
:''[[Ensete perrieri]]'' – endemic to [[Madagascar]] but intriguingly like the Asian ''E. glaucum''
:''[[Ensete ventricosum]]'' – enset or false banana, widely cultivated as a food plant in Ethiopia
:''[[Ensete ventricosum]]'' – enset or false banana, widely cultivated as a food plant in Ethiopia
;Asia
;Asia
:''[[Ensete glaucum]]'' – widespread in Asia from India to Papua New Guinea
:[[File:Ensete superbum 19.jpg|thumb|[[Ensete superbum|''Ensete superbum'']] (Ghat banana)]]''[[Ensete glaucum]]'' – widespread in Asia from India to Papua New Guinea
:''[[Ensete superbum]]'' – Western Ghats of India
:''[[Ensete superbum]]'' – Western Ghats of India
:''[[Ensete wilsonii]]'' – [[Yunnan]], China, but doubtfully distinct from ''E. glaucum''
:''[[Ensete wilsonii]]'' – [[Yunnan]], China, but doubtfully distinct from ''E. glaucum''
Line 33:
Line 33:
=== Extinct species ===
=== Extinct species ===
''Ensete oregonense'' [[Clarno Formation]], Oregon, United States, [[Eocene]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Manchester |first1=Steven R. |last2=Kress |first2=W. John |date=1993-11-01 |title=Fossil bananas (Musaceae): Ensete oregonense sp. nov. from the Eocene of western North America and its phytogeographic significance |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1993.tb15363.x |journal=American Journal of Botany |language=en |volume=80 |issue=11 |pages=1264–1272 |doi=10.1002/j.1537-2197.1993.tb15363.x |bibcode=1993AmJB...80.1264M |issn=0002-9122|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
[[File:Clarno-Nut-Beds-Mural-Large.jpg|thumb|''Ensete oregonense'' (bottom, left)]]''Ensete oregonense'' [[Clarno Formation]], Oregon, United States, [[Eocene]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Manchester |first1=Steven R. |last2=Kress |first2=W. John |date=1993-11-01 |title=Fossil bananas (Musaceae): Ensete oregonense sp. nov. from the Eocene of western North America and its phytogeographic significance |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1993.tb15363.x |journal=American Journal of Botany |language=en |volume=80 |issue=11 |pages=1264–1272 |doi=10.1002/j.1537-2197.1993.tb15363.x |bibcode=1993AmJB...80.1264M |issn=0002-9122|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
Ensete is a genus of monocarpic flowering plants native to tropical regions of Africa and Asia. It is one of the three genera in the banana family, Musaceae, and includes the false banana or enset (E. ventricosum), an economically important food crop in Ethiopia.[1][2][3]
The genus Ensete was first described by Paul Fedorowitsch Horaninow (or Horaninov, 1796–1865) in his Prodromus Monographiae Scitaminarum of 1862 in which he created a single species, Ensete edule. However, the genus did not receive general recognition until 1947 when it was revived by E. E. Cheesman in the first of a series of papers in the Kew Bulletin on the classification of the bananas, with a total of 25 species.[4]
Taxonomically, the genus Ensete has shrunk since Cheesman revived the taxon. Cheesman acknowledged that field study might reveal synonymy and the most recent review of the genus by Simmonds (1960) listed just six. Recently the number has increased to seven as the Flora of China has, not entirely convincingly, reinstated Ensete wilsonii. There is one species in Thailand, somewhat resembling E. superbum, that has not been formally described, and possibly other Asian species.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
It is possible to separate Ensete into its African and Asian species.
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Relevant literature
Borrell, James S., Mark Goodwin, Guy Blomme, Kim Jacobsen, Abebe M. Wendawek, Dawd Gashu, Ermias Lulekal, Zemede Asfaw, Sebsebe Demissew, and Paul Wilkin. "Enset‐based agricultural systems in Ethiopia: A systematic review of production trends, agronomy, processing and the wider food security applications of a neglected banana relative." Plants, People, Planet 2, no. 3 (2020): 212-228.
