Novodevichy Cemetery: Difference between revisions

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|native_name = Новодевичье кладбище
|native_name = Новодевичье кладбище
|image            = Novodevichy Cemetery propylaea.jpg
|image            = Novodevichy Cemetery propylaea.jpg
|imagesize        = 260px
|caption          =  
|caption          =  
|map_type          =  
|map_type          =  
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|established      = 1898
|established      = 1898
|location          = [[Moscow]]
|location          = [[Moscow]]
|country          = [[Russia]]
|country          = Russia
|coordinates      = {{coord|55|43|29|N|37|33|15|E|region:RU|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates      = {{coord|55|43|29|N|37|33|15|E|region:RU|display=inline,title}}
|type              =  
|type              =  
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|interments        = 26,000
|interments        = 26,000
|website          =  
|website          =  
|findagrave1      =
|findagrave1_label =
|findagrave2      =
|findagrave2_label =
|political        =  
|political        =  
|closed            =  
|closed            =  
}}
}}
[[File:00 novodevichy wall.JPG|thumb|upright=1.2|The cemetery wall is used as a [[columbarium]].]]
[[File:00 novodevichy wall.JPG|thumb|upright=1.2|The cemetery wall is used as a [[columbarium]].]]
'''Novodevichy Cemetery''' ({{langx|ru|Новодевичье кладбище|Novodevichye kladbishche}}) is a cemetery in [[Moscow]]. It lies next to the southern wall of the 16th-century [[Novodevichy Convent]], which is the city's third most popular tourist site.<ref name="Moscow Guide">{{cite book|last=Vorhees|first=Mara|author2=Ryan Ver Berkmoes |title=Lonely Planet Moscow|publisher=Lonely Planet| date=2003|page=256|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=INb_KUWwigIC&pg=PA116|isbn=1864503599}}</ref>
'''Novodevichy Cemetery''' ({{langx|ru|Новодевичье кладбище|Novodevichye kladbishche}}) is a cemetery in [[Moscow]], Russia. It lies next to the southern wall of the 16th-century [[Novodevichy Convent]], which is the city's third most popular tourist site.<ref name="Moscow Guide">{{cite book|last=Vorhees|first=Mara|author2=Ryan Ver Berkmoes |title=Lonely Planet Moscow|publisher=Lonely Planet| date=2003|page=256|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=INb_KUWwigIC&pg=PA116|isbn=1864503599}}</ref>


== History ==
== History ==
The cemetery was designed by [[Ivan Mashkov]] and inaugurated in 1898.<ref name=pass>{{cite news|title=Novodevichy Cemetery|url=http://www.passportmagazine.ru/article/1099/|access-date=12 September 2013|newspaper=Passport Magazine|date=April 2008}}</ref> Its importance dates from the 1930s, when the necropolises of the medieval Muscovite monasteries ([[Simonov Monastery|Simonov]], [[Danilov Monastery|Danilov]], [[Donskoy Monastery|Donskoy]]) were scheduled for demolition. Only the Donskoy survived the [[Joseph Stalin]] era relatively intact. The remains of many famous Russians buried in other abbeys, such as [[Nikolai Gogol]] and [[Sergey Aksakov]], were disinterred and reburied at the Novodevichy.
The cemetery was designed by [[Ivan Mashkov]] and inaugurated in 1898.<ref name=pass>{{cite news|title=Novodevichy Cemetery|url=http://www.passportmagazine.ru/article/1099/|access-date=12 September 2013|newspaper=Passport Magazine|date=April 2008|archive-date=26 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426233939/http://www.passportmagazine.ru/article/1099/|url-status=live}}</ref> Its importance dates from the 1930s, when the necropolises of the medieval Muscovite monasteries ([[Simonov Monastery|Simonov]], [[Danilov Monastery|Danilov]], [[Donskoy Monastery|Donskoy]]) were scheduled for demolition. Only the Donskoy survived the [[Joseph Stalin]] era relatively intact. The remains of many famous Russians buried in other abbeys, such as [[Nikolai Gogol]] and [[Sergey Aksakov]], were disinterred and reburied at the Novodevichy.


A 19th-century necropolis within the walls of the Novodevichy convent, which contained the graves of about 2000 Russian noblemen and university professors, also underwent reconstruction. The vast majority of graves were destroyed. It was at that time that the remains of [[Anton Chekhov]] were moved outside the monastery walls. His grave served as the kernel of the so-called "cherry orchard" – a section of the cemetery which contains the graves of [[Konstantin Stanislavski]] and the leading actors of his company.
A 19th-century necropolis within the walls of the Novodevichy convent, which contained the graves of about 2000 Russian noblemen and university professors, also underwent reconstruction. The vast majority of graves were destroyed. It was at that time that the remains of [[Anton Chekhov]] were moved outside the monastery walls. His grave served as the kernel of the so-called "cherry orchard" – a section of the cemetery which contains the graves of [[Konstantin Stanislavski]] and the leading actors of his company.
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== Interments ==
== Interments ==
{{Main|Burials at the Novodevichy Cemetery}}
{{Main|Burials at the Novodevichy Cemetery}}
During the [[Soviet Union]], burial in the Novodevichy Cemetery was second in prestige only to burial in the [[Kremlin Wall Necropolis]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2019}} Among the Soviet leaders, [[Nikita Khrushchev]] and [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] would be buried there.<ref name=laidtorest>{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-putin-mikhail-gorbachev-soviet-union-5d4fa7856a597b7ff912021ab206164f|title=Gorbachev buried in Moscow in funeral snubbed by Putin|first1=Jim|last1=Heintz|publisher=Associated Press|date=3 September 2022|accessdate=3 September 2022}}</ref> Since the fall of the Soviet Union, the Kremlin Wall is no longer used for burials and the Novodevichy Cemetery is used for only the most symbolically significant burials. In 1997, former premier [[Nikolai Tikhonov]] was buried in the cemetery at state expense (since he didn't have any money of his own).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Министр СССР: о реформах Брежнев говорил — "не дергайте людей, дайте людям отдохнуть"|url=https://tass.ru/interviews/3883597|access-date=2021-03-30|website=ТАСС}}</ref> In April 2007, within one week both the first [[President of Russia|President of the Russian Federation]] [[Boris Yeltsin]] and cellist [[Mstislav Rostropovich]] were buried there.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/30/world/europe/30rostropovich.html|title=Rostropovich Is Laid to Rest Near Another Russian Titan|first=Sophia|last=Kishkovsky|work=New York Times|date=April 30, 2007|accessdate=September 3, 2022}}</ref>
During the [[Soviet Union]], burial in the Novodevichy Cemetery was second in prestige only to burial in the [[Kremlin Wall Necropolis]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2019}} Among the Soviet leaders, [[Nikita Khrushchev]] and [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] would be buried there.<ref name=laidtorest>{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-putin-mikhail-gorbachev-soviet-union-5d4fa7856a597b7ff912021ab206164f|title=Gorbachev buried in Moscow in funeral snubbed by Putin|first1=Jim|last1=Heintz|publisher=Associated Press|date=3 September 2022|accessdate=3 September 2022|archive-date=3 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903071940/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-putin-mikhail-gorbachev-soviet-union-5d4fa7856a597b7ff912021ab206164f|url-status=live}}</ref> Since the fall of the Soviet Union, the Kremlin Wall is no longer used for burials and the Novodevichy Cemetery is used for only the most symbolically significant burials. In 1997, former premier [[Nikolai Tikhonov]] was buried in the cemetery at state expense (since he didn't have any money of his own).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Министр СССР: о реформах Брежнев говорил — "не дергайте людей, дайте людям отдохнуть"|url=https://tass.ru/interviews/3883597|access-date=2021-03-30|website=ТАСС|archive-date=2019-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811200852/https://tass.ru/interviews/3883597|url-status=live}}</ref> In April 2007, within one week both the first [[President of Russia|President of the Russian Federation]] [[Boris Yeltsin]] and cellist [[Mstislav Rostropovich]] were buried there.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/30/world/europe/30rostropovich.html|title=Rostropovich Is Laid to Rest Near Another Russian Titan|first=Sophia|last=Kishkovsky|work=New York Times|date=April 30, 2007|accessdate=September 3, 2022|archive-date=September 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903153545/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/30/world/europe/30rostropovich.html|url-status=live}}</ref>


Today, the cemetery holds the tombs of Russian authors, musicians, playwrights, and poets, as well as famous actors, political leaders, and scientists.<ref name="Jewish Search">{{cite book|last=Roskies|first=David G.|title=The Jewish search for a usable past|publisher =Indiana University Press|date=1999|page=217|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ebMvIU5XJxQC&pg=PA144|isbn=978-0-253-33505-0}}</ref><ref name="Brooke">{{cite book  | last =Brooke  | first =Caroline  |  title =Moscow: a cultural history|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2006|page =268|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M-Fz-xAHVSoC&pg=PA118|isbn=978-0-19-530952-2}}</ref> More than 27,000 are buried at Novodevichy. There is scant space for more burials. [[Federal Military Memorial Cemetery|A new national cemetery]] is under construction in [[Mytishchi]] north of Moscow. Notable burials include [[Dmitry Shostakovich]], [[Sergei Prokofiev]] and [[Anton Chekhov]].<ref name=laidtorest />
Today, the cemetery holds the tombs of Russian authors, musicians, playwrights, and poets, as well as famous actors, political leaders, and scientists.<ref name="Jewish Search">{{cite book|last=Roskies|first=David G.|title=The Jewish search for a usable past|publisher =Indiana University Press|date=1999|page=217|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ebMvIU5XJxQC&pg=PA144|isbn=978-0-253-33505-0}}</ref><ref name="Brooke">{{cite book  | last =Brooke  | first =Caroline  |  title =Moscow: a cultural history|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2006|page =268|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M-Fz-xAHVSoC&pg=PA118|isbn=978-0-19-530952-2}}</ref> Notable burials include [[Dmitry Shostakovich]], [[Sergei Prokofiev]] and [[Anton Chekhov]].<ref name=laidtorest />
More than 27,000 are buried at Novodevichy. There is scant space for more burials. [[Federal Military Memorial Cemetery|A new national cemetery]] has been opened in [[Mytishchi]] north of Moscow.  


The cemetery has a park-like ambience, dotted with small chapels and large sculpted monuments. It is divided into the old (Divisions 1–4), new (Divisions 5–8) and newest (Divisions 9–11) sections; maps are available at the cemetery office.<ref name="Frommer">
The cemetery has a park-like ambience, dotted with small chapels and large sculpted monuments. It is divided into the old (Divisions 1–4), new (Divisions 5–8) and newest (Divisions 9–11) sections; maps are available at the cemetery office.<ref name="Frommer">
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==Monuments==
==Monuments==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="160">
<gallery mode="packed" heights="160">
File:BorisYeltsinMemorial.JPG|[[Boris Yeltsin]]
File:Bulgakow Grab.JPG|[[Mikhail Bulgakov]]
File:Bulgakow Grab.JPG|[[Mikhail Bulgakov]]
File:Novodevicij Cemetery Anton Chekhov.JPG|[[Anton Chekhov]]
File:Novodevicij Cemetery Anton Chekhov.JPG|[[Anton Chekhov]]
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* [[Anastas Mikoyan]] (1895–1978)
* [[Anastas Mikoyan]] (1895–1978)
* [[Lyudmila Pavlichenko]] (1916–1974)
* [[Lyudmila Pavlichenko]] (1916–1974)
* [[Evald Ilyenkov]] (1924-1979)
'''1980s'''
'''1980s'''
* [[Filipp Golikov]] (1900–1980)
* [[Filipp Golikov]] (1900–1980)
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* [[Nikolai Tikhonov]] (1905–1997)
* [[Nikolai Tikhonov]] (1905–1997)
* [[Yuri Nikulin]] (1921–1997)
* [[Yuri Nikulin]] (1921–1997)
* [[Rolan Bykov]] (1929–1998)
* [[Raisa Gorbacheva]] (1932–1999)
* [[Raisa Gorbacheva]] (1932–1999)
'''2000s'''
'''2000s'''
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* [[Alexander Lebed]] (1950–2002)
* [[Alexander Lebed]] (1950–2002)
* [[Lev Kerbel]] (1917–2003)
* [[Lev Kerbel]] (1917–2003)
* [[Polina Gelman]] (1919–2005)
* [[Mstislav Rostropovich]] (1927–2007)
* [[Mstislav Rostropovich]] (1927–2007)
* [[Boris Yeltsin]] (1931–2007)
* [[Boris Yeltsin]] (1931–2007)
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* [[Nikolai Dobronravov]] (1928–2023)
* [[Nikolai Dobronravov]] (1928–2023)
* [[Ninel Artsimovich]] (1927–2023)
* [[Ninel Artsimovich]] (1927–2023)
* [[Vyacheslav Lebedev (Chief Justice)|Vyacheslav Lebedev]] (1943–2024)
* [[Vyacheslav Lebedev (jurist)|Vyacheslav Lebedev]] (1943–2024)


==See also==
==See also==
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==External links==
==External links==
* [http://novodevichye.com/ Unofficial site. Hi-resolution photos]
* [http://novodevichye.com/ Unofficial site. Hi-resolution photos]
* {{Find a Grave cemetery}}
* [http://www.kingdouglas.com/Novodevichy/ Famous and picturesque (24) memorials photographed June 2005]
* [http://www.kingdouglas.com/Novodevichy/ Famous and picturesque (24) memorials photographed June 2005]
* [http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Novodevichii+Cemetery Novodevichii Cemetery] – article from the ''[[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]]''
* [http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Novodevichii+Cemetery Novodevichii Cemetery] – article from the ''[[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]]''

Latest revision as of 15:21, 29 November 2025

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File:00 novodevichy wall.JPG
The cemetery wall is used as a columbarium.

Novodevichy Cemetery (Template:Langx) is a cemetery in Moscow, Russia. It lies next to the southern wall of the 16th-century Novodevichy Convent, which is the city's third most popular tourist site.[1]

History

The cemetery was designed by Ivan Mashkov and inaugurated in 1898.[2] Its importance dates from the 1930s, when the necropolises of the medieval Muscovite monasteries (Simonov, Danilov, Donskoy) were scheduled for demolition. Only the Donskoy survived the Joseph Stalin era relatively intact. The remains of many famous Russians buried in other abbeys, such as Nikolai Gogol and Sergey Aksakov, were disinterred and reburied at the Novodevichy.

A 19th-century necropolis within the walls of the Novodevichy convent, which contained the graves of about 2000 Russian noblemen and university professors, also underwent reconstruction. The vast majority of graves were destroyed. It was at that time that the remains of Anton Chekhov were moved outside the monastery walls. His grave served as the kernel of the so-called "cherry orchard" – a section of the cemetery which contains the graves of Konstantin Stanislavski and the leading actors of his company.

Interments

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". During the Soviet Union, burial in the Novodevichy Cemetery was second in prestige only to burial in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Among the Soviet leaders, Nikita Khrushchev and Mikhail Gorbachev would be buried there.[3] Since the fall of the Soviet Union, the Kremlin Wall is no longer used for burials and the Novodevichy Cemetery is used for only the most symbolically significant burials. In 1997, former premier Nikolai Tikhonov was buried in the cemetery at state expense (since he didn't have any money of his own).[4] In April 2007, within one week both the first President of the Russian Federation Boris Yeltsin and cellist Mstislav Rostropovich were buried there.[5]

Today, the cemetery holds the tombs of Russian authors, musicians, playwrights, and poets, as well as famous actors, political leaders, and scientists.[6][7] Notable burials include Dmitry Shostakovich, Sergei Prokofiev and Anton Chekhov.[3] More than 27,000 are buried at Novodevichy. There is scant space for more burials. A new national cemetery has been opened in Mytishchi north of Moscow.

The cemetery has a park-like ambience, dotted with small chapels and large sculpted monuments. It is divided into the old (Divisions 1–4), new (Divisions 5–8) and newest (Divisions 9–11) sections; maps are available at the cemetery office.[8]

Monuments

Notable graves

Template:Sister project The following noteworthy graves, among others, can be found at Novodevichy Cemetery:

1850s

1880s-1890s

1900s

1910s

1920s

1930s

1940s

1950s

1960s

1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

2020s

See also

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

Template:Authority control

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